{"id":9655,"date":"2026-09-23T15:29:21","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T15:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/formulaire-identification-comportement-bif\/"},"modified":"2026-09-23T15:29:21","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T15:29:21","slug":"formulaire-identification-comportement-bif","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=formulaire-identification-comportement-bif","title":{"rendered":"Formulaire d&rsquo;identification du comportement (BIF)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Formulaire d&rsquo;identification du comportement<\/strong> (<em>Behaviour Identification Form<\/em> ou <strong>BIF<\/strong>), \u00e9labor\u00e9 par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robin_Vallacher\">Robin R. Vallacher<\/a> et <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Wegner\">Daniel M. Wegner<\/a> en 1989, constitue un instrument psychom\u00e9trique de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence destin\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les variations dispositionnelles dans la mani\u00e8re dont les individus se repr\u00e9sentent cognitivement leurs propres actions et celles d&rsquo;autrui. Ancr\u00e9 conceptuellement dans la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Action_identification_theory\">th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;identification de l&rsquo;action<\/a> (<em>Action Identification Theory<\/em>) et pr\u00e9curseur direct de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Construal_level_theory\">th\u00e9orie des niveaux de repr\u00e9sentation<\/a> (<em>Construal Level Theory<\/em> de Trope et Liberman), le BIF examine si une personne con\u00e7oit spontan\u00e9ment une conduite donn\u00e9e \u00e0 un niveau bas, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire concret, proc\u00e9dural et m\u00e9caniste (\u00ab comment \u00bb l&rsquo;action est ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e), ou \u00e0 un niveau haut, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire abstrait, t\u00e9l\u00e9ologique et orient\u00e9 vers les finalit\u00e9s et la signification (\u00ab pourquoi \u00bb l&rsquo;action est accomplie).<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument se compose de <strong>25 items<\/strong> d\u00e9crivant des activit\u00e9s ordinaires de la vie quotidienne (par exemple, \u00ab Faire une liste \u00bb, \u00ab Lire \u00bb, \u00ab Fermer une porte \u00e0 cl\u00e9 \u00bb). Pour chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9, le participant est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 un choix forc\u00e9 dichotomique entre deux descriptions alternatives \u00e9quivalentes sur le plan logique : l&rsquo;une formul\u00e9e \u00e0 bas niveau (ex. \u00ab \u00c9crire des choses \u00bb, \u00ab Mettre une cl\u00e9 dans la serrure \u00bb) et l&rsquo;autre \u00e0 haut niveau (ex. \u00ab S&rsquo;organiser \u00bb, \u00ab S\u00e9curiser la maison \u00bb). Chaque s\u00e9lection d&rsquo;une identification de haut niveau est cot\u00e9e 1 point, tandis que l&rsquo;identification de bas niveau re\u00e7oit 0 point, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant un score total continu compris entre 0 et 25. Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques \u00e9tablies dans la litt\u00e9rature mettent en \u00e9vidence une consistance interne satisfaisante (coefficients alpha de Cronbach variant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre .84 et .89) ainsi qu&rsquo;une stabilit\u00e9 temporelle remarquable (fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest d&rsquo;environ .91 sur un intervalle de deux semaines). L&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirme une structure essentiellement unidimensionnelle, soutenant l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;un gradient g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;abstraction cognitive dans l&rsquo;identification de l&rsquo;agir humain. Utilis\u00e9 en psychologie sociale, en psychologie de la personnalit\u00e9, en recherche sur la prise de d\u00e9cision et dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude du comportement du consommateur, le BIF d\u00e9montre une robustesse empirique constante depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Identification de l&rsquo;action, th\u00e9orie des niveaux de repr\u00e9sentation, abstraction cognitive, niveau de construits, agentivit\u00e9 personnelle, cognition sociale, prise de d\u00e9cision, psychom\u00e9trie, comportement du consommateur, r\u00e9gulation de l&rsquo;action, \u00e9valuation psychologique, Vallacher et Wegner.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>Le Formulaire d&rsquo;identification du comportement a \u00e9t\u00e9 conceptualis\u00e9 et valid\u00e9 empiriquement par deux figures majeures de la psychologie sociale et cognitive contemporaine :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Robin R. Vallacher, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychologie \u00e0 la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fau.edu\/psychology\/\">Florida Atlantic University<\/a> (Boca Raton, Floride, \u00c9tats-Unis) et chercheur associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Institute for Social Research de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Michigan. Ses travaux pionniers portent sur la dynamique des syst\u00e8mes sociaux, la conscience de soi, la th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;action et l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence des processus identitaires. Courriel institutionnel : vallacher@fau.edu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Daniel M. Wegner, Ph.D. (1948\u20132013)<\/strong> : Ancien professeur titulaire au d\u00e9partement de psychologie de l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/psychology.fas.harvard.edu\/\">Universit\u00e9 Harvard<\/a> (Cambridge, Massachusetts, \u00c9tats-Unis) et auparavant professeur \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Virginie. Mondialement reconnu pour ses recherches s\u00e9minales sur le contr\u00f4le de la pens\u00e9e (processus ironiques), l&rsquo;illusion de la volont\u00e9 consciente et l&rsquo;esprit transactif, il a cosign\u00e9 avec Robin Vallacher les fondations paradigmatiques de l&rsquo;identification de l&rsquo;action.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<h3>Fondements et utilit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du <em>Behaviour Identification Form<\/em> est d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnaliser et de quantifier les diff\u00e9rences individuelles chroniques dans le niveau hi\u00e9rarchique auquel les individus identifient, structurent et interpr\u00e8tent les conduites humaines. Selon l&rsquo;architecture th\u00e9orique initialement pos\u00e9e par Vallacher et Wegner (1985, 1987, 1989), n&rsquo;importe quel comportement observable peut faire l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une infinit\u00e9 d&rsquo;identifications valides dispos\u00e9es le long d&rsquo;une hi\u00e9rarchie cognitive verticale. Par exemple, l&rsquo;acte consistant \u00e0 \u00ab voter \u00bb peut \u00eatre d\u00e9crit sur le plan physiologique ou moteur (\u00ab cocher une case sur un bulletin de vote \u00bb) ou sur le plan des motivations ultimes et des cons\u00e9quences sociopolitiques (\u00ab influencer le r\u00e9sultat d&rsquo;une \u00e9lection \u00bb). Le BIF cherche \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer si un individu manifeste une disposition g\u00e9n\u00e9rale stable \u00e0 privil\u00e9gier les causes, cons\u00e9quences et implications morales ou sociales de ses actes (identificateurs de haut niveau), ou s&rsquo;il s&rsquo;ancre prioritairement dans les moyens instrumentaux, les contraintes physiques et la logistique op\u00e9ratoire (identificateurs de bas niveau).<\/p>\n<h3>Applications en recherche fondamentale et appliqu\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<p>Au-del\u00e0 de la psychologie de la personnalit\u00e9 descriptive, le BIF est largement mobilis\u00e9 dans de nombreux paradigmes exp\u00e9rimentaux et contextes appliqu\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Psychologie sociale et cognition exp\u00e9rimentale :<\/strong> Le test sert de mesure d&rsquo;ancrage dispositionnel dans les recherches sur la perception des personnes, l&rsquo;attribution causale et la projection sociale. Les identificateurs de haut niveau ont tendance \u00e0 attribuer des traits de personnalit\u00e9 globaux de fa\u00e7on plus rapide et plus p\u00e9renne, tandis que les identificateurs de bas niveau restent sensibles aux d\u00e9tails contextuels imm\u00e9diats et aux contingences situationnelles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recherche translationnelle et comportement du consommateur :<\/strong> Dans le champ du marketing quantitatif et de la communication persuasive, le niveau chronique d&rsquo;identification de l&rsquo;action agit comme un mod\u00e9rateur critique de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 publicitaire. Les individus identifiant \u00e0 haut niveau r\u00e9pondent plus favorablement aux messages promotionnels orient\u00e9s vers la d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 globale, le prestige de marque et les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e0 long terme, alors que les individus \u00e0 bas niveau sont davantage persuad\u00e9s par des messages d\u00e9taillant la faisabilit\u00e9 technique, les caract\u00e9ristiques d&rsquo;ing\u00e9nierie et le co\u00fbt mon\u00e9taire imm\u00e9diat (Trope &amp; Liberman, 2010).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prise de d\u00e9cision, temporalit\u00e9 et actualisation temporelle :<\/strong> Le BIF permet d&rsquo;expliquer les variations de la propension \u00e0 l&rsquo;escompte temporel (<em>temporal discounting<\/em>). Les identificateurs de haut niveau d\u00e9montrent une capacit\u00e9 accrue \u00e0 diff\u00e9rer la gratification et \u00e0 poursuivre des objectifs distaux, car la signification de l&rsquo;objectif transcende la frustration li\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;effort imm\u00e9diat requis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Psychologie clinique et psychopathologie du contr\u00f4le :<\/strong> Bien qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agisse d&rsquo;un instrument non pathologique \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine, le BIF trouve un int\u00e9r\u00eat diagnostique et heuristique dans l&rsquo;analyse de dysfonctionnements de l&rsquo;agentivit\u00e9. Les individus souffrant de troubles obsessionnels compulsifs (TOC) ou d&rsquo;\u00e9tats d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 aigu\u00eb pr\u00e9sentent fr\u00e9quemment une sur-focalisation dysfonctionnelle sur les micro-d\u00e9tails de bas niveau (\u00ab comment \u00bb nettoyer la surface avec exactitude m\u00e9canique), perdant de vue la finalit\u00e9 globale (\u00ab pourquoi \u00bb l&rsquo;acte est r\u00e9alis\u00e9), ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne document\u00e9 dans la th\u00e9orie du contr\u00f4le ironique et de l&rsquo;autor\u00e9gulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit psychologique mesur\u00e9 par le BIF est le <strong>niveau d&rsquo;identification de l&rsquo;action<\/strong> (<em>level of action identification<\/em>), une variable diff\u00e9rentielle continue refl\u00e9tant la complexit\u00e9 int\u00e9grative et le degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;abstraction avec lesquels une personne se repr\u00e9sente les comportements. Ce construit repose sur une conceptualisation hi\u00e9rarchique rigoureuse articulant deux p\u00f4les distincts :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Les repr\u00e9sentations de bas niveau (Low-Level Identifications)<\/h3>\n<p>Les identifications situ\u00e9es au bas de la hi\u00e9rarchie cognitive capturent la dimension m\u00e9canique, instrumentale et physique de l&rsquo;acte. Elles r\u00e9pondent fondamentalement \u00e0 la question heuristique : <em>\u00ab Comment cette action s&rsquo;accomplit-elle ? \u00bb<\/em> (<em>how-to<\/em>). Ces repr\u00e9sentations mettent en exergue :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les s\u00e9quences motrices et musculaires n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution de la t\u00e2che (ex. pour \u00ab Se brosser les dents \u00bb : <em>\u00ab D\u00e9placer une brosse dans sa bouche \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;usage d&rsquo;outils et d&rsquo;interm\u00e9diaires mat\u00e9riels (ex. pour \u00ab Mesurer une pi\u00e8ce pour poser de la moquette \u00bb : <em>\u00ab Utiliser un m\u00e8tre pliant \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>La d\u00e9composition temporelle et proc\u00e9durale \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape (ex. pour \u00ab Faire une liste \u00bb : <em>\u00ab \u00c9crire des choses \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D&rsquo;un point de vue cognitif, une identification de bas niveau est sensible aux perturbations environnementales : d\u00e8s qu&rsquo;une action devient difficile, non ma\u00eetris\u00e9e ou entrav\u00e9e par un obstacle inattendu (par exemple, si un outil se casse ou si une panne survient), l&rsquo;individu est forc\u00e9 de r\u00e9trograder \u00e0 ce niveau op\u00e9ratoire pour reprendre le contr\u00f4le imm\u00e9diat de sa gestuelle.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Les repr\u00e9sentations de haut niveau (High-Level Identifications)<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;oppos\u00e9, les identifications de haut niveau int\u00e8grent l&rsquo;action dans une trame de significations psychologiques, sociales, morales et t\u00e9l\u00e9ologiques. Elles r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 l&rsquo;interrogation : <em>\u00ab Pourquoi cette action est-elle ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e, ou quelles en sont les r\u00e9percussions ultimes ? \u00bb<\/em> (<em>why<\/em>). Ces conceptualisations v\u00e9hiculent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les motivations profondes, buts intrins\u00e8ques et finalit\u00e9s recherch\u00e9es (ex. pour \u00ab Faire une liste \u00bb : <em>\u00ab S&rsquo;organiser \u00bb<\/em> ; pour \u00ab Se brosser les dents \u00bb : <em>\u00ab Pr\u00e9venir les caries dentaires \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>Les cons\u00e9quences sociales, interpersonnelles et identitaires (ex. pour \u00ab Saluer quelqu&rsquo;un \u00bb : <em>\u00ab Manifester de la convivialit\u00e9 \u00bb<\/em> ; pour \u00ab Voter \u00bb : <em>\u00ab Influencer le r\u00e9sultat d&rsquo;une \u00e9lection \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>Les jugements moraux et le reflet de traits de personnalit\u00e9 sous-jacents (ex. pour \u00ab R\u00e9sister \u00e0 la tentation \u00bb : <em>\u00ab Faire preuve de courage moral \u00bb<\/em> ; pour \u00ab Remplir un test de personnalit\u00e9 \u00bb : <em>\u00ab R\u00e9v\u00e9ler ce que l&rsquo;on est \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les individus qui pr\u00e9sentent un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 au BIF (identificateurs chroniques de haut niveau) b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d&rsquo;un sentiment plus robuste de coh\u00e9rence personnelle et d&rsquo;une meilleure stabilit\u00e9 de leur concept de soi \u00e0 travers le temps. Cependant, cette disposition peut les rendre vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 l&rsquo;illusion de comp\u00e9tence lorsqu&rsquo;ils sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des t\u00e2ches complexes n\u00e9cessitant une attention m\u00e9ticuleuse port\u00e9e aux d\u00e9tails proc\u00e9duraux imm\u00e9diats.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;identification de l&rsquo;action (Vallacher &amp; Wegner, 1985, 1987)<\/h3>\n<p>Le socle \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique premier du BIF est la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Action_identification_theory\">th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;identification de l&rsquo;action<\/a> d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Robin Vallacher et Daniel Wegner au milieu des ann\u00e9es 1980. Cette approche dynamique part du postulat qu&rsquo;une action humaine n&rsquo;a jamais une existence cognitive univoque : elle est toujours appr\u00e9hend\u00e9e \u00e0 travers la d\u00e9finition ou l&rsquo;\u00e9tiquette s\u00e9mantique que l&rsquo;agent ou l&rsquo;observateur lui attribue. La th\u00e9orie s&rsquo;articule autour de trois principes r\u00e9gulateurs cardinaux :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Le principe de pr\u00e9potence :<\/strong> L&rsquo;action est toujours r\u00e9gul\u00e9e selon l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 que l&rsquo;agent retient actuellement pour cette action. Si une personne con\u00e7oit son action comme \u00ab \u00e9crire des lettres \u00bb, sa motricit\u00e9 fine est guid\u00e9e par le trac\u00e9 graphique ; si elle la con\u00e7oit comme \u00ab d\u00e9clarer son amour \u00bb, son attention est mobilis\u00e9e par l&rsquo;impact \u00e9motionnel des mots choisis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le principe du niveau sup\u00e9rieur :<\/strong> Lorsque deux identit\u00e9s alternatives pour une m\u00eame action sont simultan\u00e9ment disponibles et ma\u00eetrisables, l&rsquo;individu tend naturellement \u00e0 adopter l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 situ\u00e9e au niveau le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de la hi\u00e9rarchie. Ce vecteur ascendant traduit une tendance universelle de l&rsquo;esprit humain \u00e0 maximiser le sens et la coh\u00e9rence de son activit\u00e9 dans le monde.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le principe de perturbation et d&rsquo;\u00e9mergence :<\/strong> Lorsque l&rsquo;action ne peut pas \u00eatre maintenue avec succ\u00e8s sous son identit\u00e9 de haut niveau (par exemple en raison d&rsquo;une complexit\u00e9 accrue, d&rsquo;un manque d&rsquo;expertise ou d&rsquo;une erreur d&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution), l&rsquo;identification se d\u00e9sint\u00e8gre et bascule vers un niveau inf\u00e9rieur (\u00ab comment faire \u00bb). Une fois l&rsquo;action r\u00e9organis\u00e9e et fluidifi\u00e9e au niveau inf\u00e9rieur, une nouvelle identit\u00e9 de haut niveau \u00e9merge progressivement par r\u00e9organisation cognitive.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Convergence avec la th\u00e9orie des niveaux de repr\u00e9sentation (CLT)<\/h3>\n<p>Au tournant des ann\u00e9es 2000, les psychologues <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nira_Liberman\">Nira Liberman<\/a> et <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yaacov_Trope\">Yaacov Trope<\/a> ont b\u00e2ti la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Construal_level_theory\">Construal Level Theory<\/a> (CLT) en s&rsquo;appuyant tr\u00e8s largement sur les axiomes formul\u00e9s par Vallacher et Wegner. La CLT postule que la distance psychologique (qu&rsquo;elle soit temporelle, spatiale, sociale ou hypoth\u00e9tique) d\u00e9termine syst\u00e9matiquement le niveau de repr\u00e9sentation mentale (<em>construal level<\/em>) : les \u00e9v\u00e9nements distants sont construits \u00e0 un haut niveau, abstrait, d\u00e9contextualis\u00e9 et centr\u00e9 sur la d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 (\u00ab high-level construals \u00bb), alors que les \u00e9v\u00e9nements proches sont construits \u00e0 bas niveau, concret, contextuel et orient\u00e9 vers la faisabilit\u00e9 (\u00ab low-level construals \u00bb). Dans ce cadre paradigmatique, le BIF est devenu l&rsquo;instrument de mesure par excellence permettant d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la propension dispositionnelle ou l&rsquo;orientation chronique des participants vis-\u00e0-vis du niveau de repr\u00e9sentation, ind\u00e9pendamment des manipulations situationnelles de la distance psychologique.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Depuis sa publication princeps en 1989, le Behaviour Identification Form a fait l&rsquo;objet de nombreuses investigations psychom\u00e9triques confirmant sa solide validit\u00e9 scientifique \u00e0 travers plusieurs dimensions :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu<\/h3>\n<p>Les 25 actions retenues dans le BIF couvrent un \u00e9chantillon repr\u00e9sentatif et \u00e9cologique d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s domestiques, administratives, relationnelles, personnelles et cognitives quotidiennes (\u00ab Nourrir des plantes d&rsquo;appartement \u00bb, \u00ab Payer son loyer \u00bb, \u00ab Voyager en voiture \u00bb, \u00ab Manger \u00bb). Les deux options propos\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rigoureusement appari\u00e9es par les auteurs initiaux afin de s&rsquo;assurer qu&rsquo;elles d\u00e9crivent exactement le m\u00eame acte factuel sans introduire de biais de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale asym\u00e9trique ni d&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 logique quant \u00e0 la relation hi\u00e9rarchique moyen-but.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes empiriques documentent des corr\u00e9lations convergentes th\u00e9oriquement pr\u00e9visibles mais mod\u00e9r\u00e9es, ce qui garantit que le BIF ne duplique pas des construits pr\u00e9existants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Besoin de cognition (Need for Cognition) :<\/strong> Des corr\u00e9lations positives mod\u00e9r\u00e9es (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement comprises entre <em>r<\/em> = .25 et <em>r<\/em> = .38, <em>p<\/em> &lt; .001) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Need_for_cognition\">Cacioppo et Petty<\/a>, illustrant que la tendance \u00e0 l&rsquo;abstraction t\u00e9l\u00e9ologique est corr\u00e9l\u00e9e au plaisir intellectuel d&rsquo;\u00e9laborer de l&rsquo;information sans s&rsquo;y r\u00e9duire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Estime de soi et clart\u00e9 du concept de soi :<\/strong> Vallacher et Wegner (1989) ont rapport\u00e9 des liens positifs significatifs entre les scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s au BIF et la clart\u00e9 du concept de soi de Campbell (<em>r<\/em> = .31), les identificateurs de haut niveau d\u00e9crivant leurs traits avec moins d&rsquo;h\u00e9sitation et une plus grande stabilit\u00e9 temporelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lieu de contr\u00f4le interne (Internal Locus of Control) :<\/strong> Une association positive mod\u00e9r\u00e9e (<em>r<\/em> = .28) est observ\u00e9e avec le sentiment de contr\u00f4le sur sa propre existence, la focalisation sur le \u00ab pourquoi \u00bb favorisant le sentiment d&rsquo;agentivit\u00e9 personnelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>Le BIF se distingue nettement de l&rsquo;intelligence g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (QI psychom\u00e9trique), avec des corr\u00e9lations faibles et non significatives (<em>r<\/em> variant de .04 \u00e0 .12), d\u00e9montrant qu&rsquo;identifier \u00e0 haut niveau est un style cognitif et dispositionnel plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;une mesure d&rsquo;aptitude cognitive brute. De surcro\u00eet, les scores au BIF ne pr\u00e9sentent aucune corr\u00e9lation statistiquement significative avec l&rsquo;orientation vers la d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale mesur\u00e9e par l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de Marlowe-Crowne (<em>r<\/em> = .06, non significatif), ce qui \u00e9carte l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se selon laquelle les choix de haut niveau seraient dict\u00e9s par la volont\u00e9 d&rsquo;appara\u00eetre plus vertueux ou r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive et exp\u00e9rimentale<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive du BIF a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e dans des dizaines d&rsquo;exp\u00e9riences de psychologie sociale et \u00e9conomique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flexibilit\u00e9 comportementale face aux obstacles :<\/strong> Lorsque les participants sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une t\u00e2che motrice ou cognitive subitement perturb\u00e9e, les identificateurs chroniques de haut niveau montrent une d\u00e9sorganisation comportementale initiale plus marqu\u00e9e car leur sch\u00e9ma mental (\u00ab pourquoi \u00bb) est d\u00e9connect\u00e9 des ajustements micro-proc\u00e9duraux (\u00ab comment \u00bb) exig\u00e9s par la rupture (Vallacher et al., 1989).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Comportement d&rsquo;achat et cadrage temporel :<\/strong> Dans les protocoles de CLT (Fujita et al., 2006 ; Liberman et al., 2007), les participants pr\u00e9sentant un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 au BIF privil\u00e9gient syst\u00e9matiquement les compromis ax\u00e9s sur la d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 plut\u00f4t que sur la faisabilit\u00e9, m\u00eame pour des d\u00e9cisions dont l&rsquo;\u00e9ch\u00e9ance temporelle est imm\u00e9diate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du Behaviour Identification Form a \u00e9t\u00e9 reproduite \u00e0 travers des dizaines de cohortes \u00e9tudiantes et d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons d&rsquo;adultes au sein de multiples contextes culturels et linguistiques.<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon princeps de validation (Vallacher &amp; Wegner, 1989, \u00c9tude 1, <em>N<\/em> = 277), le coefficient <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cronbach%27s_alpha\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> rapport\u00e9 s&rsquo;\u00e9levait \u00e0 <strong>.85<\/strong>. Des r\u00e9plications ind\u00e9pendantes ult\u00e9rieures ont confirm\u00e9 des indices d&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 interne tr\u00e8s stables, se situant de fa\u00e7on constante dans l&rsquo;intervalle <strong>.83 \u00e0 .89<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vallacher et Wegner (1989, \u00c9tudes 2 \u00e0 4) : coefficients alpha oscillant entre .84 et .86 sur des \u00e9chantillons variant de 84 \u00e0 156 r\u00e9pondants.<\/li>\n<li>Fujita, Henderson, Eng, Trope et Liberman (2006) : alpha de <strong>.85<\/strong> dans un contexte d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation du contr\u00f4le de soi.<\/li>\n<li>Rim, Hansen et Trope (2013) : alpha de <strong>.87<\/strong> dans une \u00e9tude sur le jugement intuitif et les repr\u00e9sentations relationnelles.<\/li>\n<li>Les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation moyenne inter-items se situent dans la fourchette optimale recommand\u00e9e de .18 \u00e0 .25 pour une \u00e9chelle unidimensionnelle couvrant un domaine comportemental large et diversifi\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle par la m\u00e9thode du test-retest confirme la nature dispositionnelle et p\u00e9renne du construit. Vallacher et Wegner (1989) ont administr\u00e9 le BIF \u00e0 un intervalle de <strong>deux semaines<\/strong> \u00e0 un sous-\u00e9chantillon de participants et ont obtenu un coefficient de corr\u00e9lation intra-classe de <strong><em>r<\/em> = .91<\/strong> (<em>p<\/em> &lt; .001). Dans des recherches longitudinales men\u00e9es sur des p\u00e9riodes plus longues (entre 4 et 8 semaines), le coefficient de stabilit\u00e9 temporelle demeure sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 .80, d\u00e9montrant que si le niveau d&rsquo;identification de l&rsquo;action peut \u00eatre modul\u00e9 temporairement par des amor\u00e7ages situationnels (<em>priming<\/em>), l&rsquo;orientation individuelle de base constitue un trait cognitivo-motivationnel particuli\u00e8rement robuste.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture dimensionnelle du Behaviour Identification Form a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;examens psychom\u00e9triques approfondis au moyen d&rsquo;analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) et confirmatoires (AFC).<\/p>\n<h3>Analyses Factorielles Exploratoires (AFE)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans les travaux initiaux de Vallacher et Wegner (1989), une analyse factorielle par composantes principales (avec et sans rotation orthogonale Varimax) r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur la matrice de corr\u00e9lation t\u00e9trachorique des 25 items a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 une structure domin\u00e9e sans \u00e9quivoque par <strong>un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant<\/strong>. Le premier facteur expliquait une part dominante de la variance totale commune (environ 26 % \u00e0 31 % selon les \u00e9chantillons), avec un saut tr\u00e8s net sur le diagramme des valeurs propres (<em>scree plot<\/em> de Cattell) entre le premier facteur et les facteurs secondaires subs\u00e9quents (dont les valeurs propres diminuaient rapidement sans interpr\u00e9tabilit\u00e9 th\u00e9orique coh\u00e9rente).<\/p>\n<h3>Saturations factorielles des items<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;examen des charges factorielles indique que l&rsquo;ensemble des 25 items sature positivement sur cette dimension unique de niveau d&rsquo;abstraction. Parmi les items pr\u00e9sentant les saturations les plus robustes (&gt; .55), on retrouve :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Item 1 (Faire une liste \/ <em>Making a list<\/em>) : saturation factorielle de .61<\/li>\n<li>Item 10 (Payer le loyer \/ <em>Paying the rent<\/em>) : saturation factorielle de .58<\/li>\n<li>Item 12 (Fermer une porte \u00e0 cl\u00e9 \/ <em>Locking a door<\/em>) : saturation factorielle de .64<\/li>\n<li>Item 13 (Voter \/ <em>Voting<\/em>) : saturation factorielle de .59<\/li>\n<li>Item 16 (Se brosser les dents \/ <em>Toothbrushing<\/em>) : saturation factorielle de .62<\/li>\n<li>Item 19 (R\u00e9sister \u00e0 la tentation \/ <em>Resisting temptation<\/em>) : saturation factorielle de .66<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Seuls deux \u00e0 trois items affichent des saturations plus modestes (entre .30 et .40), tels que l&rsquo;item 25 (Appuyer sur une sonnette \/ <em>Pushing a doorbell<\/em>) ou l&rsquo;item 6 (Abattre un arbre \/ <em>Chopping down a tree<\/em>), en raison de la nature tr\u00e8s banale ou tr\u00e8s sp\u00e9cifique du geste physique sollicit\u00e9. Ils demeurent n\u00e9anmoins statistiquement significatifs et contribuent \u00e0 la validit\u00e9 \u00e9cologique globale de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n<h3>Analyses Factorielles Confirmatoires (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>Des travaux contemporains ayant soumis le BIF \u00e0 des techniques d&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire pour variables cat\u00e9gorielles (notamment \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;estimateurs robustes de type WLSMV) confirment qu&rsquo;un <strong>mod\u00e8le unidimensionnel<\/strong> ajuste ad\u00e9quatement les donn\u00e9es empiriques (ex. RMSEA \u2264 .05, CFI \u2265 .92, TLI \u2265 .91). Les tentatives de mod\u00e9lisation multidimensionnelle (s\u00e9parant par exemple les actes interpersonnels des actes instrumentaux solitaires) n&rsquo;ont pas d\u00e9montr\u00e9 d&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration statistiquement substantielle des indices d&rsquo;ajustement, confirmant que le BIF mesure un continuum psychologique singulier et g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisable d&rsquo;identification cognitive de l&rsquo;action.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Behaviour Identification Form (BIF)<\/strong> est un instrument standardis\u00e9 d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par les sp\u00e9cifications techniques suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9 d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation (<em>self-report inventory<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Choix forc\u00e9 dichotomique (<em>dichotomous forced-choice<\/em>) pour chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9 d&rsquo;action.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 25 items d&rsquo;actions quotidiennes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e moyenne de passation :<\/strong> Environ 5 \u00e0 10 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> Choix forc\u00e9 dichotomique entre deux descriptions alternatives (a ou b) repr\u00e9sentant une identification de bas niveau (m\u00e9caniste \/ comment) ou une identification de haut niveau (sens \/ pourquoi) : <em>Dichotomous forced-choice between two alternative descriptions (a vs. b) representing low-level (mechanistic\/how) vs. high-level (meaning\/why) action identifications.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e8gles de cotation (Scoring) :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Pour chaque item, l&rsquo;alternative correspondant \u00e0 une identification de haut niveau re\u00e7oit <strong>1 point<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;alternative correspondant \u00e0 une identification de bas niveau re\u00e7oit <strong>0 point<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>La cl\u00e9 de cotation d\u00e9taill\u00e9e item par item est la suivante :\n<ul>\n<li>Item 1 : a = 1 (Haut), b = 0 (Bas)<\/li>\n<li>Item 2 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<li>Item 3 : a = 1 (Haut), b = 0 (Bas)<\/li>\n<li>Item 4 : a = 1 (Haut), b = 0 (Bas)<\/li>\n<li>Item 5 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<li>Item 6 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<li>Item 7 : a = 1 (Haut), b = 0 (Bas)<\/li>\n<li>Item 8 : a = 1 (Haut), b = 0 (Bas)<\/li>\n<li>Item 9 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<li>Item 10 : a = 1 (Haut), b = 0 (Bas)<\/li>\n<li>Item 11 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<li>Item 12 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<li>Item 13 : a = 1 (Haut), b = 0 (Bas)<\/li>\n<li>Item 14 : a = 1 (Haut), b = 0 (Bas)<\/li>\n<li>Item 15 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<li>Item 16 : a = 1 (Haut), b = 0 (Bas)<\/li>\n<li>Item 17 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<li>Item 18 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<li>Item 19 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<li>Item 20 : a = 1 (Haut), b = 0 (Bas)<\/li>\n<li>Item 21 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<li>Item 22 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<li>Item 23 : a = 1 (Haut), b = 0 (Bas)<\/li>\n<li>Item 24 : a = 1 (Haut), b = 0 (Bas)<\/li>\n<li>Item 25 : a = 0 (Bas), b = 1 (Haut)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score total :<\/strong> Calcul\u00e9 par la somme arithm\u00e9tique simple des 25 items. Le score s&rsquo;\u00e9tend de <strong>0 \u00e0 25<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interpr\u00e9tation des scores :<\/strong> Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 refl\u00e8te une disposition marqu\u00e9e \u00e0 identifier les actions \u00e0 un niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9, abstrait, symbolique et orient\u00e9 vers les finalit\u00e9s et la finalit\u00e9 morale ou sociale. Un score bas indique une orientation dispositionnelle vers les identit\u00e9s de bas niveau, m\u00e9canistes, proc\u00e9durales et orient\u00e9es vers le d\u00e9tail op\u00e9ratoire. En recherche, les participants sont souvent r\u00e9partis via une scission sur la m\u00e9diane (<em>median split<\/em>) ou par quartiles extr\u00eames en identificateurs de haut niveau vs de bas niveau, bien que l&rsquo;utilisation du score continu soit recommand\u00e9e pour les analyses de r\u00e9gression.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 1989 (au sein du <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> Les droits initiaux de publication de l&rsquo;article princeps sont d\u00e9tenus par l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/\">American Psychological Association (APA)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation et permissions :<\/strong> L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle fait partie du domaine public acad\u00e9mique pour la recherche scientifique non commerciale et l&rsquo;enseignement universitaire. Les chercheurs et \u00e9tudiants peuvent administrer le BIF dans leurs travaux de recherche sans acquitter de redevance financi\u00e8re, sous r\u00e9serve de citer scrupuleusement la publication originale de Vallacher et Wegner (1989). Toute exploitation commerciale ou int\u00e9gration dans des plateformes logicielles payantes de recrutement ou d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation d&rsquo;entreprise n\u00e9cessite l&rsquo;autorisation formelle expresse de l&rsquo;APA et des ayants droit.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarification :<\/strong> Libre d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s et gratuite pour tout usage acad\u00e9mique, scientifique et clinique sans but lucratif.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Fujita, K., Henderson, M. D., Eng, J., Trope, Y., &amp; Liberman, N. (2006). Spatial distance and mental construal of social events. <em>Journal of Experimental Social Psychology<\/em>, 42(3), 278\u2013282. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesp.2005.04.009\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesp.2005.04.009<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Fujita, K., Trope, Y., Liberman, N., &amp; Levin-Sagi, M. (2006). Construal levels and self-control. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 90(3), 351\u2013367. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.90.3.351\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.90.3.351<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Liberman, N., &amp; Trope, Y. (1998). The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions: A test of temporal construal theory. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 75(1), 5\u201318. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.75.1.5\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.75.1.5<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Liberman, N., Trope, Y., &amp; Stephan, E. (2007). Psychological distance. In A. W. Kruglanski &amp; E. T. Higgins (Eds.), <em>Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles<\/em> (2nd ed., pp. 353\u2013381). The Guilford Press.<\/li>\n<li>Rim, S., Hansen, J., &amp; Trope, Y. (2013). What happens why? Psychological distance and focusing on causes versus consequences of events. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 104(3), 457\u2013472. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0031024\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0031024<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Trope, Y., &amp; Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. <em>Psychological Review<\/em>, 110(3), 403\u2013421. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.110.3.403\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.110.3.403<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Trope, Y., &amp; Liberman, N. (2010). Construal-level theory of psychological distance. <em>Psychological Review<\/em>, 117(2), 440\u2013463. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0018963\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0018963<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Vallacher, R. R., &amp; Wegner, D. M. (1985). <em>A theory of action identification<\/em>. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<\/li>\n<li>Vallacher, R. R., &amp; Wegner, D. M. (1987). What do people think they&rsquo;re doing? Action identification and human behavior. <em>Psychological Review<\/em>, 94(1), 3\u201315. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.94.1.3\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.94.1.3<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Vallacher, R. R., &amp; Wegner, D. M. (1989). Levels of personal agency: Individual variation in action identification. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 57(4), 660\u2013672. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.57.4.660\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.57.4.660<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wegner, D. M., &amp; Vallacher, R. R. (1986). Action identification. In R. M. Sorrentino &amp; E. T. Higgins (Eds.), <em>Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior<\/em> (pp. 550\u2013582). The Guilford Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> Any behavior can be described in many ways. For example, one person might describe a behavior as &#039;typing a paper&#039;, while another might describe it as &#039;pushing keys&#039;. Yet another person might describe it as &#039;expressing thoughts&#039;. We are interested in your personal preferences for how a number of different behaviors should be described. On the following pages you will find several different behaviors listed. After each behavior will be two different ways in which the behavior might be identified. For each behavior, please select the one description that you personally believe is more appropriate in each case.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> Dichotomous forced-choice between two alternative descriptions (a vs. b) representing low-level (mechanistic\/how) vs. high-level (meaning\/why) action identifications.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> For each item, the high-level identification alternative is scored 1 and the low-level identification alternative is scored 0. Scores are summed across all 25 items, yielding a total score from 0 to 25. Higher scores reflect a dispositional tendency to identify actions at a high (abstract\/meaning-focused) level.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Making a list<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Getting organized<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Writing things down<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Reading<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Following lines of print<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Gaining knowledge<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Joining the Army<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Helping the Nation&#039;s defense<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Signing up<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Washing clothes<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Removing odors from clothes<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Putting clothes into the machine<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Picking an apple<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Pulling an apple off a branch<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Getting something to eat<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Chopping down a tree<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Wielding an axe<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Getting firewood<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Measuring a room for carpeting<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Getting ready to remodel<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Using a yardstick<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Cleaning the house<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Showing one&#039;s cleanliness<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Vacuuming the floor<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Painting a room<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Applying brush strokes<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Making the room look fresh<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Paying the rent<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Maintaining a place to live<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Writing a check<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Caring for houseplants<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Watering plants<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Making the room look nice<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Locking a door<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Putting a key in the lock<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Securing the house<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Voting<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Influencing the election<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Marking a ballot<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Climbing a tree<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Getting a good view<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Holding on to branches<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Filling out a personality test<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Answering questions<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Revealing what you&#039;re like<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Toothbrushing<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Preventing tooth decay<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Moving a brush around in one&#039;s mouth<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Taking a test<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Answering questions<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Showing one&#039;s knowledge<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Greeting someone<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Saying hello<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Showing friendliness<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Resisting temptation<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Saying &quot;no&quot;<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Showing moral courage<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Eating<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Getting nutrition<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Chewing and swallowing<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Growing a garden<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Planting seeds<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Getting fresh vegetables<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Traveling by car<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Following a map<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Seeing countryside<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Having a cavity filled<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Protecting your teeth<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Going to the dentist<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Talking to a child<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Teaching a child something<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Using simple words<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Pushing a doorbell<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">a.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Moving a finger<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Seeing if someone&#039;s home<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Behaviour Identification Form (BIF), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Vallacher et Wegner (1989), mesure les diff\u00e9rences individuelles dans le niveau hi\u00e9rarchique d&rsquo;identification de l&rsquo;action (abstrait\/pourquoi vs concret\/comment).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[647,154,2],"tags":[10852,1477,10848,8283,10849,16,10850,10851],"class_list":["post-9655","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-psychologie-cognitive","category-psychologie-sociale","category-psychometrie","tag-abstraction-cognitive","tag-agentivite","tag-bif","tag-construal-level-theory","tag-identification-de-laction","tag-psychometrie","tag-vallacher","tag-wegner"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/9655","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9655"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/9655\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9655"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9655"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9655"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}