{"id":759,"date":"2026-09-04T14:31:48","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T14:31:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/childhood-attachment-and-relational-trauma-screen-carts\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T14:31:48","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T14:31:48","slug":"childhood-attachment-and-relational-trauma-screen-carts","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=childhood-attachment-and-relational-trauma-screen-carts","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9cran d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de l&rsquo;attachement dans l&rsquo;enfance et des traumatismes relationnels (CARTS)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>\u00c9cran d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de l&rsquo;attachement dans l&rsquo;enfance et des traumatismes relationnels<\/strong> (<em>Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen<\/em>, ou <strong>CARTS<\/strong>) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique auto-rapport\u00e9 novateur con\u00e7u pour \u00e9valuer de mani\u00e8re multidimensionnelle les exp\u00e9riences d&rsquo;attachement s\u00e9curisant, de chaleur affective et les diverses formes d&rsquo;abus et de n\u00e9gligence interpersonnels subis au cours de l&rsquo;enfance et de l&rsquo;adolescence. D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 initialement par le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Frewen\">Dr Paul A. Frewen<\/a> et la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruth_Lanius\">Dre Ruth A. Lanius<\/a> \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Western (Canada), en synergie avec les travaux fondateurs sur le traumatisme complexe du d\u00e9veloppement (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bessel_van_der_Kolk\">Bessel van der Kolk<\/a>, Alexandra Cook et al.), le CARTS se distingue des \u00e9chelles traditionnelles de traumatologie par son architecture relationnelle sp\u00e9cifique.<\/p>\n<p>Contrairement aux outils r\u00e9trospectifs globaux qui mesurent la maltraitance de fa\u00e7on d\u00e9contextualis\u00e9e, le CARTS invite le r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 \u00e9valuer 24 items standardis\u00e9s appliqu\u00e9s distinctement \u00e0 de multiples figures relationnelles : la m\u00e8re biologique, le p\u00e8re biologique, la fratrie, d&rsquo;autres figures d&rsquo;attachement secondaires ou partenaires intimes, ainsi qu&rsquo;envers soi-m\u00eame (\u00e9valuation du soi relationnel). L&rsquo;instrument se structure autour de quatre sous-\u00e9chelles factorielles principales :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Attachement s\u00e9curisant et affects positifs<\/strong> (Items 1 \u00e0 8) : s\u00e9curit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue, soutien, r\u00e9confort, fiert\u00e9 parentale et amour inconditionnel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abus \u00e9motionnel, verbal et n\u00e9gligence<\/strong> (Items 9 \u00e0 16) : d\u00e9valorisation, cris, rejet, sentiment d&rsquo;\u00eatre un fardeau et carences affectives.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abus physique<\/strong> (Items 17 \u00e0 20) : coups, punitions corporelles violentes, blessures et attaques physiques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abus sexuel<\/strong> (Items 21 \u00e0 24) : contacts sexuels inappropri\u00e9s, coercition, exposition \u00e0 des mat\u00e9riels \u00e0 caract\u00e8re sexuel et agressions sexuelles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Chaque item est cot\u00e9 sur une <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Likert_scale\">\u00e9chelle de Likert<\/a> en 5 points allant de 1 (<em>Fortement en d\u00e9saccord<\/em>) \u00e0 5 (<em>Fortement d&rsquo;accord<\/em>). Les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques d\u00e9montrent une consistance interne exceptionnelle (coefficients alpha de Cronbach g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement situ\u00e9s entre 0,88 et 0,96 selon les sous-\u00e9chelles et les cibles relationnelles), une excellente fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest, ainsi qu&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 convergente robuste avec le <em>Childhood Trauma Questionnaire<\/em> (CTQ) et l&rsquo;<em>Experiences in Close Relationships<\/em> (ECR). Le CARTS constitue un outil de choix pour la recherche clinique, la p\u00e9dopsychiatrie, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la protection de l&rsquo;enfance et l&rsquo;investigation des <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Complex_post-traumatic_stress_disorder\">troubles de stress post-traumatique complexe (TSPT-C)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Attachement dans l&rsquo;enfance, traumatisme relationnel, maltraitance infantile, abus \u00e9motionnel, n\u00e9gligence parentale, abus physique, abus sexuel, sch\u00e9mas relationnels, mod\u00e8les internes op\u00e9rants, stress post-traumatique complexe, psychom\u00e9trie, psychiatrie transculturelle, relations intrafamiliales.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement m\u00e9thodologique, l&rsquo;informatisation et la validation psychom\u00e9trique du <strong>Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS)<\/strong> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 principalement conduits par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Paul A. Frewen, Ph.D., C.Psych.<\/strong> : Professeur agr\u00e9g\u00e9 au D\u00e9partement de psychiatrie et au D\u00e9partement de psychologie de la <em>Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry<\/em>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uwo.ca\/\">Western University<\/a>, London, Ontario, Canada. Sp\u00e9cialiste de renomm\u00e9e internationale en neurobiologie du traumatisme, en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 virtuelle clinique et en \u00e9valuation des sch\u00e9mas de soi et d&rsquo;autrui. (Courriel institutionnel : <a href=\"mailto:pfrewen@uwo.ca\">pfrewen@uwo.ca<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ruth A. Lanius, M.D., Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeure titulaire de psychiatrie, titulaire de la chaire de recherche Harris-Woodman sur les traumatismes psychologiques \u00e0 la <em>Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry<\/em>, Western University. Directrice de l&rsquo;Unit\u00e9 de recherche sur le TSPT au <em>London Health Sciences Centre<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Collaborateurs cliniques et conceptuels<\/strong> : Les fondements th\u00e9oriques de l&rsquo;instrument s&rsquo;enracinent \u00e9galement dans le consortium du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nctsn.org\/\">National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN)<\/a>, incluant les travaux d&rsquo;Alexandra Cook, Margaret Blaustein, Joseph Spinazzola et Bessel A. van der Kolk (2003, 2005) sur les traumatismes complexes du d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;enfant et de l&rsquo;adolescent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du CARTS est de combler une lacune \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique et clinique majeure dans l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychologique des ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents de victimisation infantile. Les questionnaires traditionnels d&rsquo;adversit\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;enfance (tels que le CTQ de Bernstein ou le questionnaire ACE) ont tendance \u00e0 quantifier les \u00e9v\u00e9nements traumatiques de mani\u00e8re globale et unidimensionnelle, sans contextualiser <em>qui<\/em> a perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 les abus ni <em>qui<\/em> a constitu\u00e9 une source de protection et de r\u00e9confort affectif au sein de l&rsquo;\u00e9cologie familiale.<\/p>\n<h3>Applications cliniques<\/h3>\n<p>En pratique clinique, le CARTS offre une cartographie socio-\u00e9motionnelle individualis\u00e9e indispensable pour :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Diff\u00e9rencier les sch\u00e9mas relationnels par donneur de soins<\/strong> : Identifier si la maltraitance provient de la m\u00e8re, du p\u00e8re, d&rsquo;un membre de la fratrie ou d&rsquo;un tuteur externe, tout en mesurant simultan\u00e9ment si l&rsquo;un de ces acteurs a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le compensatoire de protection ou d&rsquo;attachement s\u00e9curisant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuer le soi relationnel<\/strong> : Mesurer comment les interactions pr\u00e9coces ont \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9rioris\u00e9es par l&rsquo;individu dans sa propre perception de soi (par exemple, sentiments d&rsquo;auto-d\u00e9valorisation, d&rsquo;auto-n\u00e9gligence ou de honte toxique).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Planifier la psychoth\u00e9rapie du traumatisme<\/strong> : Orienter les interventions psychoth\u00e9rapeutiques (telles que l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eye_movement_desensitization_and_reprocessing\">EMDR<\/a>, la th\u00e9rapie des sch\u00e9mas de Young ou la psychoth\u00e9rapie sensorimotrice) en ciblant les repr\u00e9sentations d&rsquo;attachement ins\u00e9cures et les blessures d&rsquo;abandon sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aide \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision en protection de l&rsquo;enfance<\/strong> : Fournir aux travailleurs sociaux et aux \u00e9quipes m\u00e9dico-judiciaires une \u00e9valuation structur\u00e9e de l&rsquo;impact des ruptures relationnelles et de la violence domestique sur le d\u00e9veloppement socio-\u00e9motionnel du mineur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Applications en recherche<\/h3>\n<p>Dans le domaine de la recherche empirique, le CARTS permet de mod\u00e9liser des analyses statistiques complexes en r\u00e9seau et des analyses en classes latentes. Il permet aux chercheurs en neurosciences affectives et en psychopathologie d\u00e9veloppementale d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier comment des profils relationnels h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8nes influencent la r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle, la connectivit\u00e9 c\u00e9r\u00e9brale du r\u00e9seau du mode par d\u00e9faut (DMN), la dissociation p\u00e9ritraumatique et l&rsquo;apparition de comorbidit\u00e9s psychiatriques s\u00e9v\u00e8res (d\u00e9pression majeure, troubles de la personnalit\u00e9 limite, troubles de l&rsquo;usage de substances).<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique<\/h2>\n<p>Le CARTS \u00e9value le construit fondamental des <em>sch\u00e9mas relationnels pr\u00e9coces<\/em>, d\u00e9fini comme l&rsquo;ensemble des repr\u00e9sentations cognitives, affectives et comportementales int\u00e9rioris\u00e9es par l&rsquo;enfant au contact de ses figures d&rsquo;attachement primaires. L&rsquo;instrument appr\u00e9hende ce macro-construit \u00e0 travers quatre dimensions factorielles distinctes \u00e9valu\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re crois\u00e9e pour chaque figure relationnelle significative :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Attachement s\u00e9curisant et affects positifs (Items 1 \u00e0 8)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure la disponibilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle, la sensibilit\u00e9 parentale et la chaleur relationnelle prodigu\u00e9e par l&rsquo;adulte. Elle \u00e9value le sentiment de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ontologique de l&rsquo;enfant (<em>\u00ab I felt safe and secure with this person \u00bb<\/em>), la validation de sa valeur intrins\u00e8que et le sentiment d&rsquo;\u00eatre aim\u00e9 (<em>\u00ab This person made me feel special and loved \u00bb<\/em>), le soutien face \u00e0 la d\u00e9tresse (<em>\u00ab I could count on this person when I was upset or distressed \u00bb<\/em>) et la fiert\u00e9 partag\u00e9e face aux accomplissements de l&rsquo;enfant. L&rsquo;absence de ces dimensions positives caract\u00e9rise la carence affective silencieuse.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Abus \u00e9motionnel, verbal et n\u00e9gligence (Items 9 \u00e0 16)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante explore les violences psychologiques et les omissions relationnelles chroniques. Elle quantifie les conduites parentales hostiles telles que les insultes, le d\u00e9nigrement syst\u00e9matique (<em>\u00ab This person called me names, insulted me, or put me down \u00bb<\/em>), les explosions de col\u00e8re verbale (<em>\u00ab yelled, screamed, or swore at me angrily \u00bb<\/em>), la projection de culpabilit\u00e9 et la parentification destructrice (<em>\u00ab blamed me for their own problems \u00bb<\/em>). Elle englobe \u00e9galement la n\u00e9gligence \u00e9motionnelle explicite (<em>\u00ab neglected my emotional needs \u00bb<\/em>, <em>\u00ab acted as though I was not there \u00bb<\/em>) et les menaces d&rsquo;abandon ou d&rsquo;agression.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Abus physique (Items 17 \u00e0 20)<\/h3>\n<p>La sous-\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;abus physique \u00e9value les atteintes directes \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 corporelle de l&rsquo;enfant. Les items mesurent l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 graduelle de la violence physique, allant des actes de punition corporelle laissant des ecchymoses et des traces visibles (<em>\u00ab punished me physically in a way that left marks or bruises \u00bb<\/em>) aux attaques physiques s\u00e9v\u00e8res, bousculades violentes et projections d&rsquo;objets (<em>\u00ab beat me up or physically attacked me severely \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>4. Abus sexuel (Items 21 \u00e0 24)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension explore l&rsquo;exploitation sexuelle et les violations des fronti\u00e8res corporelles et psychiques de l&rsquo;enfant. Les items mesurent les contacts physiques inappropri\u00e9s non d\u00e9sir\u00e9s (<em>\u00ab touched me in a sexual way \u00bb<\/em>), la coercition sexuelle (<em>\u00ab forced or coerced me to touch them \u00bb<\/em>), l&rsquo;exposition impos\u00e9e \u00e0 des mat\u00e9riels pornographiques ou \u00e0 des actes sexuels (<em>\u00ab made me look at sexual materials \u00bb<\/em>), ainsi que les tentatives ou p\u00e9n\u00e9trations sexuelles forc\u00e9es (<em>\u00ab attempted or forced sexual intercourse \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:20px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color:#f1f5f9; text-align:left;\">\n<th style=\"padding:12px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\">Sous-\u00e9chelle du CARTS<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:12px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\">Items<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:12px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\">Processus psychologique central<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:10px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\"><strong>Attachement s\u00e9curisant &amp; Affects positifs<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:10px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\">1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:10px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\">S\u00e9curit\u00e9 de base, cor\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle, valorisation de soi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:10px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\"><strong>Abus \u00e9motionnel &amp; N\u00e9gligence<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:10px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\">9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:10px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\">Rejet parental, d\u00e9valorisation int\u00e9rioris\u00e9e, ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 d&rsquo;abandon.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:10px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\"><strong>Abus physique<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:10px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\">17, 18, 19, 20<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:10px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\">Menace vitale corporelle, peur de l&rsquo;environnement intrafamilial.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:10px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\"><strong>Abus sexuel<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:10px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\">21, 22, 23, 24<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:10px; border:1px solid #cbd5e1;\">Violation extr\u00eame des fronti\u00e8res intimes, honte corporelle, dissociation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\n<p>Le CARTS s&rsquo;appuie sur une synth\u00e8se conceptuelle \u00e9l\u00e9gante combinant la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attachment_theory\">th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;attachement<\/a> de John Bowlby et Mary Ainsworth, la th\u00e9orie des sch\u00e9mas relationnels de Mark Baldwin, et les conceptualisations modernes du traumatisme complexe du d\u00e9veloppement (<em>Developmental Trauma Disorder<\/em>) d\u00e9fendues par Bessel van der Kolk et le NCTSN.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Les mod\u00e8les internes op\u00e9rants (MIO) de Bowlby<\/h3>\n<p>Selon John Bowlby, l&rsquo;enfant construit d\u00e8s ses premiers mois des repr\u00e9sentations cognitives dynamiques de ses relations avec ses figures d&rsquo;attachement, appel\u00e9es <em>mod\u00e8les internes op\u00e9rants<\/em> (MIO). Ces MIO comprennent un \u00ab mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;autrui \u00bb (la figure d&rsquo;attachement est-elle disponible, pr\u00e9visible, bienveillante ?) et un \u00ab mod\u00e8le de soi \u00bb (suis-je digne d&rsquo;\u00eatre aim\u00e9 et secouru ?). Lorsque la figure de protection devient simultan\u00e9ment la source de la terreur et de la menace (cas de la maltraitance intrafamiliale), l&rsquo;enfant fait face \u00e0 un paradoxe biologique insoluble : l&rsquo;instinct de fuir le danger s&rsquo;oppose \u00e0 l&rsquo;instinct de chercher refuge aupr\u00e8s du donneur de soins, conduisant \u00e0 un attachement d\u00e9sorganis\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>2. La th\u00e9orie des sch\u00e9mas relationnels de Baldwin<\/h3>\n<p>Mark Baldwin (1992) a mod\u00e9lis\u00e9 comment les interactions r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es avec autrui forment des structures cognitives d\u00e9nomm\u00e9es \u00ab sch\u00e9mas relationnels \u00bb. Un sch\u00e9ma relationnel inclut une image de soi, une image d&rsquo;autrui, et un script interpersonnel pr\u00e9dictif (<em>\u00ab Si je me montre vuln\u00e9rable, alors cette personne va me rejeter ou me punir \u00bb<\/em>). Le CARTS operationalise directement cette approche en demandant aux participants d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer non seulement les actions de leurs parents, mais \u00e9galement leur propre sch\u00e9ma de soi int\u00e9rioris\u00e9 en miroir de ces interactions.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Le traumatisme d\u00e9veloppemental et le TSPT complexe<\/h3>\n<p>Les travaux de Cook et al. (2003, 2005) ont \u00e9tabli que les traumatismes relationnels chroniques v\u00e9cus dans l&rsquo;enfance alt\u00e8rent sept domaines fondamentaux du d\u00e9veloppement : l&rsquo;attachement, la biologie\/somatisation, la r\u00e9gulation des affects, le contr\u00f4le comportemental, les processus cognitifs, l&rsquo;auto-concept et la dissociation. En permettant une mesure fine de chaque agent relationnel, le CARTS capture la nature pernicieuse du traumatisme complexe, o\u00f9 la coexistence de maltraitance et de bribes de chaleur affective engendre des conflits relationnels profonds persistant \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge adulte.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Les qualit\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques du CARTS ont fait l&rsquo;objet de multiples validations empiriques aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons universitaires, de populations cliniques psychiatriques (adultes avec TSPT, d\u00e9pression, troubles dissociatifs) et d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons communautaires internationaux.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente du CARTS a \u00e9t\u00e9 rigoureusement \u00e9tablie en corr\u00e9lant ses sous-\u00e9chelles avec des instruments de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence reconnus :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Corr\u00e9lation avec le Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)<\/strong> : Les sous-\u00e9chelles d&rsquo;abus physique, \u00e9motionnel et sexuel du CARTS pr\u00e9sentent de tr\u00e8s fortes corr\u00e9lations positives avec les sous-\u00e9chelles correspondantes du CTQ de Bernstein (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,72\">$r = 0,72$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,85\">$r = 0,85$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,001\">$p &lt; 0,001$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Corr\u00e9lation avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;attachement adulte (ECR \/ ECR-R)<\/strong> : Les scores d&rsquo;attachement s\u00e9curisant envers la m\u00e8re et le p\u00e8re sur le CARTS sont inversement corr\u00e9l\u00e9s avec l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et l&rsquo;\u00e9vitement de l&rsquo;attachement mesur\u00e9s par l&rsquo;<em>Experiences in Close Relationships<\/em> (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = -0,45\">$r = -0,45$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = -0,62\">$r = -0,62$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,001\">$p &lt; 0,001$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Corr\u00e9lation avec la symptomatologie traumatique et dissociative<\/strong> : Les scores totaux d&rsquo;abus relationnel sur le CARTS sont pr\u00e9dictifs des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s \u00e0 la <em>Dissociative Experiences Scale<\/em> (DES) (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,48\">$r = 0,48$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,001\">$p &lt; 0,001$<\/span>) et au <em>PTSD Checklist<\/em> (PCL-5) (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,54\">$r = 0,54$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,001\">$p &lt; 0,001$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante et pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes d\u00e9montrent que le CARTS discrimine efficacement les individus ayant des ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents de stress relationnel mod\u00e9r\u00e9 de ceux souffrant de traumatismes chroniques s\u00e9v\u00e8res au sein de la cellule familiale. De plus, la mod\u00e9lisation statistique d\u00e9montre la validit\u00e9 incr\u00e9mentielle du CARTS : la sp\u00e9cification du parent agresseur (m\u00e8re vs p\u00e8re) apporte une variance explicative suppl\u00e9mentaire significative (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"R^2_{\\Delta} = 0,08\">$R^2_{\\Delta} = 0,08$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,14$, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,01\">$p &lt; 0,01$<\/span>) dans la pr\u00e9diction de la d\u00e9r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle adulte, au-del\u00e0 des mesures globales de maltraitance infantile.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du CARTS a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 travers l&rsquo;estimation de la consistance interne et la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle par test-retest dans diverses \u00e9tudes ind\u00e9pendantes.<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne<\/h3>\n<p>Les indices de consistance interne calcul\u00e9s via le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cronbach%27s_alpha\">coefficient alpha de Cronbach<\/a> et le coefficient om\u00e9ga de McDonald (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\omega\">$\\omega$<\/span>) r\u00e9v\u00e8lent une homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 remarquable des items au sein de chaque dimension :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Attachement s\u00e9curisant \/ Affects positifs (Items 1 \u00e0 8)<\/strong> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0,92\">$\u0007lpha = 0,92$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,96$ pour la m\u00e8re biologique ; <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0,93\">$\u0007lpha = 0,93$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,96$ pour le p\u00e8re biologique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abus \u00e9motionnel et n\u00e9gligence (Items 9 \u00e0 16)<\/strong> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0,89\">$\u0007lpha = 0,89$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,94$ pour les figures parentales ; <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0,86\">$\u0007lpha = 0,86$<\/span> pour l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de soi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abus physique (Items 17 \u00e0 20)<\/strong> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0,88\">$\u0007lpha = 0,88$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,93$ selon les \u00e9chantillons.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abus sexuel (Items 21 \u00e0 24)<\/strong> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0,87\">$\u0007lpha = 0,87$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,95$.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest<\/h3>\n<p>La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e sur des intervalles de 2 \u00e0 4 semaines aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons non cliniques et cliniques. Les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intra-classe (CCI) et de corr\u00e9lation de Pearson oscillent entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,82\">$r = 0,82$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,92\">$r = 0,92$<\/span>, confirmant que les souvenirs et les sch\u00e9mas relationnels mesur\u00e9s par le CARTS pr\u00e9sentent une grande stabilit\u00e9 m\u00e9trologique dans le temps.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle<\/h2>\n<p>La structure dimensionnelle du CARTS a \u00e9t\u00e9 valid\u00e9e par des analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) par rotation Promax et des <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confirmatory_factor_analysis\">analyses factorielles confirmatoires (AFC)<\/a> men\u00e9es sur des \u00e9chantillons de plusieurs milliers de participants (Frewen et al., 2013, 2015).<\/p>\n<h3>R\u00e9sultats de l&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique \u00e0 4 facteurs de premier ordre (Attachement s\u00e9curisant, Abus \u00e9motionnel\/N\u00e9gligence, Abus physique, Abus sexuel) appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque figure relationnelle pr\u00e9sente d&rsquo;excellents indices d&rsquo;ajustement aux donn\u00e9es empiriques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\chi^2 \/ \text{dl} &lt; 2,85\">$\\chi^2 \/ \text{dl} &lt; 2,85$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>CFI (Comparative Fit Index)<\/strong> &gt; 0,95<\/li>\n<li><strong>TLI (Tucker-Lewis Index)<\/strong> &gt; 0,94<\/li>\n<li><strong>RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation)<\/strong> = 0,042 [IC \u00e0 90 % : 0,038 &#8211; 0,047]<\/li>\n<li><strong>SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual)<\/strong> = 0,039<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Toutes les saturations factorielles des items sur leurs facteurs respectifs sont statistiquement significatives (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,001\">$p &lt; 0,001$<\/span>) et substantielles, avec des charges factorielles standardis\u00e9es (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda\">$lambda$<\/span>) g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement comprises entre 0,68 et 0,91. L&rsquo;invariance de mesure a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e \u00e0 travers les genres (hommes vs femmes) et entre populations cliniques et non cliniques (invariance configurationnelle, m\u00e9trique et scalaire).<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;instrument<\/strong> : Auto-questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique standardis\u00e9 (version papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9e \/ Web).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible<\/strong> : Adolescents (d\u00e8s 12-14 ans avec niveau de lecture adapt\u00e9) et adultes \u00e9valuant r\u00e9trospectivement leur enfance jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 18 ans.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items de base<\/strong> : 24 items standardis\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Structure relationnelle multi-cibles<\/strong> : Chaque bloc d&rsquo;items est compl\u00e9t\u00e9 successivement pour diff\u00e9rentes cibles relationnelles :<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Soi-m\u00eame (<em>Self<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e8re biologique (<em>Biological Mother<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>P\u00e8re biologique (<em>Biological Father<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Fr\u00e8re(s) \/ S\u0153ur(s) (<em>Siblings<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Autres donneurs de soins \/ Beau-p\u00e8re \/ Belle-m\u00e8re (<em>Other Caregivers<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Partenaires amoureux \/ Conjoints (<em>Romantic Partners<\/em> &#8211; version adulte)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><strong>Format et \u00e9chelle de r\u00e9ponse<\/strong> : \u00c9chelle de Likert en 5 points :<br \/>\n    <strong>1 = Strongly Disagree<\/strong> (Fortement en d\u00e9saccord)<br \/>\n    <strong>2 = Moderately Disagree<\/strong> (Mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment en d\u00e9saccord)<br \/>\n    <strong>3 = Neither Agree nor Disagree<\/strong> (Ni en d\u00e9saccord ni d&rsquo;accord)<br \/>\n    <strong>4 = Moderately Agree<\/strong> (Mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment d&rsquo;accord)<br \/>\n    <strong>5 = Strongly Agree<\/strong> (Fortement d&rsquo;accord)\n  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcul des scores<\/strong> :<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Score d&rsquo;attachement s\u00e9curisant (Moyenne ou somme des items 1 \u00e0 8 pour chaque cible).<\/li>\n<li>Score d&rsquo;abus \u00e9motionnel et n\u00e9gligence (Moyenne ou somme des items 9 \u00e0 16).<\/li>\n<li>Score d&rsquo;abus physique (Moyenne ou somme des items 17 \u00e0 20).<\/li>\n<li>Score d&rsquo;abus sexuel (Moyenne ou somme des items 21 \u00e0 24).<\/li>\n<li>Score global d&rsquo;adversit\u00e9 relationnelle ou indice diff\u00e9rentiel m\u00e8re\/p\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e moyenne de passation<\/strong> : 10 \u00e0 20 minutes selon le nombre de cibles relationnelles renseign\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9veloppement initial<\/strong> : 2011-2013 (bas\u00e9 sur le cadre conceptuel du traumatisme complexe de Cook, van der Kolk et al., 2003).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur et permissions<\/strong> : Le CARTS est un instrument acad\u00e9mique prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par le droit d&rsquo;auteur (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copyright\">Copyright<\/a> \u00a9 Dr Paul A. Frewen &amp; Dr Ruth A. Lanius).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation<\/strong> : L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle est mise \u00e0 la disposition gratuite des chercheurs, cliniciens et universitaires pour une utilisation non commerciale dans le cadre de la recherche scientifique et de la pratique m\u00e9dicale ou psychologique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs<\/strong> : Gratuit pour la recherche acad\u00e9mique et l&rsquo;exercice clinique individuel. Toute int\u00e9gration dans des plateformes commerciales ou des logiciels propri\u00e9taires n\u00e9cessite une autorisation \u00e9crite pr\u00e9alable des auteurs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Contact pour autorisations<\/strong> : S&rsquo;adresser directement au laboratoire du Dr Paul Frewen \u00e0 la <em>Schulich School of Medicine &amp; Dentistry<\/em>, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Baldwin, M. W. (1992). Relational schemas and the processing of social information. <em>Psychological Bulletin<\/em>, 112(3), 461\u2013484. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.112.3.461\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.112.3.461<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Stokes, J., Handelsman, L., Medrano, M., &amp; Zule, W. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. <em>Child Abuse &amp; Neglect<\/em>, 27(2), 169\u2013190. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cook, A., Blaustein, M., Spinazzola, J., &amp; van der Kolk, B. (2003). <em>Complex trauma in children and adolescents<\/em>. National Child Traumatic Stress Network. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nctsn.org\/resources\/complex-trauma-children-and-adolescents\">https:\/\/www.nctsn.org\/resources\/complex-trauma-children-and-adolescents<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M., DeRosa, R., Hubbard, R., Kagan, R., Liautaud, J., Mallah, K., Olafson, E., &amp; van der Kolk, B. (2005). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. <em>Psychiatric Annals<\/em>, 35(5), 390\u2013398. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/00485713-20050501-05\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/00485713-20050501-05<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Frewen, P., Evans, B., Goodman, J., &amp; Lanius, R. (2013). Negative and positive childhood relational trauma and adult attachment: Measure development and validation of the Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS). <em>European Journal of Psychotraumatology<\/em>, 4(1), 20686. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.20686\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/ejpt.v4i0.20686<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Frewen, P. A., Hargraves, H., DePierro, J., D&rsquo;Andrea, W., &amp; Lanius, R. A. (2015). Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS): Associations with PTSD and Dissociation. <em>Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy<\/em>, 7(6), 568\u2013576. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tra0000049\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tra0000049<\/a><\/li>\n<li>van der Kolk, B. A. (2005). Developmental trauma disorder: Toward a rational diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories. <em>Psychiatric Annals<\/em>, 35(5), 401\u2013408. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/00485713-20050501-06\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/00485713-20050501-06<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n  Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-family:sans-serif; padding:20px; background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:4px; margin-top:15px;\">\n<p style=\"font-weight:600; color:#1e293b; margin-bottom:12px;\">\n    Response Scale:\n  <\/p>\n<p style=\"color:#475569; margin-bottom:20px;\">\n    5-point Likert scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Moderately Disagree, 3 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 4 = Moderately Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree (rated across multiple relationship targets: self, biological mother, biological father, siblings, other caregivers, romantic partners, etc.)\n  <\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color:#0f172a; margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:10px; font-size:16px;\">Secure Attachment \/ Positive Affect<\/h3>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> Please rate how much you agree or disagree with each statement regarding your relationships during childhood (prior to age 18) and with specific family members \/ significant persons in your life.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> 5-point Likert scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Moderately Disagree, 3 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 4 = Moderately Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree (rated across multiple relationship targets: self, biological mother, biological father, siblings, other caregivers, romantic partners, etc.)\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> The CARTS assesses relational schema across dimensions including: Secure Attachment \/ Positive Affect (Items 1-8), Emotional\/Verbal Abuse and Neglect (Items 9-16), Physical Abuse (Items 17-20), and Sexual Abuse (Items 21-24). Each item is rated for specific individuals\/caregivers, as well as for the self.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I felt safe and secure with this person.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person made me feel special and loved.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person supported me and encouraged me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I could count on this person when I was upset or distressed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person showed warmth and affection toward me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person listened to me and understood my feelings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person was proud of me and my accomplishments.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I had a warm and loving relationship with this person.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person made me feel worthless or bad about myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person called me names, insulted me, or put me down.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person yelled, screamed, or swore at me angrily.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person blamed me for their own problems or family problems.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person neglected my emotional needs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person ignored me or acted as though I was not there.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person threatened to hurt me or abandon me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person made me feel like I was a burden to the family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person hit, slapped, kicked, or physically hurt me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person beat me up or physically attacked me severely.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person punished me physically in a way that left marks or bruises.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person pushed, shoved, grabbed, or threw things at me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person touched me in a sexual way when they shouldn&#039;t have.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person forced or coerced me to touch them in a sexual way.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person made me look at sexual materials or watch sexual acts.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This person attempted or forced sexual intercourse with me.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 style=\"color:#0f172a; margin-top:25px; margin-bottom:10px; font-size:16px;\">Emotional\/Verbal Abuse and Neglect<\/h3>\n<ol start=\"9\" style=\"margin-left:20px; line-height:1.8; color:#334155;\">\n<li>This person made me feel worthless or bad about myself.<\/li>\n<li>This person called me names, insulted me, or put me down.<\/li>\n<li>This person yelled, screamed, or swore at me angrily.<\/li>\n<li>This person blamed me for their own problems or family problems.<\/li>\n<li>This person neglected my emotional needs.<\/li>\n<li>This person ignored me or acted as though I was not there.<\/li>\n<li>This person threatened to hurt me or abandon me.<\/li>\n<li>This person made me feel like I was a burden to the family.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"color:#0f172a; margin-top:25px; margin-bottom:10px; font-size:16px;\">Physical Abuse<\/h3>\n<ol start=\"17\" style=\"margin-left:20px; line-height:1.8; color:#334155;\">\n<li>This person hit, slapped, kicked, or physically hurt me.<\/li>\n<li>This person beat me up or physically attacked me severely.<\/li>\n<li>This person punished me physically in a way that left marks or bruises.<\/li>\n<li>This person pushed, shoved, grabbed, or threw things at me.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"color:#0f172a; margin-top:25px; margin-bottom:10px; font-size:16px;\">Sexual Abuse<\/h3>\n<ol start=\"21\" style=\"margin-left:20px; line-height:1.8; color:#334155;\">\n<li>This person touched me in a sexual way when they shouldn&rsquo;t have.<\/li>\n<li>This person forced or coerced me to touch them in a sexual way.<\/li>\n<li>This person made me look at sexual materials or watch sexual acts.<\/li>\n<li>This person attempted or forced sexual intercourse with me.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analyse psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9taill\u00e9e et pr\u00e9sentation compl\u00e8te du CARTS (Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen), un outil de d\u00e9pistage \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;attachement s\u00e9curisant, l&rsquo;abus \u00e9motionnel, physique et sexuel \u00e0 travers diverses figures relationnelles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[31,3,2,1999],"tags":[1317,1318,80,2001,2000,185,2004,16,2002,2003],"class_list":["post-759","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-psychologiques","category-psychologie-clinique","category-psychometrie","category-traumatisme-et-attachement","tag-abus-emotionnel","tag-abus-physique","tag-abus-sexuel","tag-attachement","tag-carts","tag-maltraitance-infantile","tag-negligence","tag-psychometrie","tag-traumatisme-relationnel","tag-tspt-complexe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=759"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/759\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}