{"id":633,"date":"2026-09-04T13:20:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T13:20:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/echelle-de-qualite-de-vie-apres-avc-et-aphasie-39\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T13:20:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T13:20:32","slug":"echelle-de-qualite-de-vie-apres-avc-et-aphasie-39","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=echelle-de-qualite-de-vie-apres-avc-et-aphasie-39","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chelle de qualit\u00e9 de vie apr\u00e8s AVC et aphasie-39"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>\u00c9chelle de qualit\u00e9 de vie apr\u00e8s AVC et aphasie-39<\/strong> (couramment d\u00e9sign\u00e9e sous l&rsquo;acronyme <em>SAQOL-39<\/em> pour <em>Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39<\/em>) constitue un instrument de mesure psychom\u00e9trique sp\u00e9cialement con\u00e7u pour \u00e9valuer la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qualit%C3%A9_de_vie\">qualit\u00e9 de vie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9<\/a> (QdVLS) chez les personnes ayant subi un <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Accident_vasculaire_c%C3%A9r%C3%A9bral\">accident vasculaire c\u00e9r\u00e9bral<\/a> (AVC), en accordant une attention m\u00e9thodologique et linguistique rigoureuse aux individus pr\u00e9sentant une <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aphasie\">aphasie<\/a>. D\u00e9velopp\u00e9e initialement par la Pre Katerina Hilari et son \u00e9quipe \u00e0 la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.city.ac.uk\/\">City University of London<\/a> \u00e0 partir de la <em>Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale<\/em> (SS-QOL) de Williams et al. (1999), la SAQOL-39 a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9pur\u00e9e et adapt\u00e9e pour \u00e9liminer les biais d&rsquo;incompr\u00e9hension et les formats syntaxiques complexes qui excluaient traditionnellement les patients aphasiques des protocoles d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la qualit\u00e9 de vie.<\/p>\n<p>Le questionnaire comprend 39 items explorant le v\u00e9cu du patient au cours des sept derniers jours. La structure originale de l&rsquo;instrument s&rsquo;organise autour de quatre domaines cl\u00e9s : les capacit\u00e9s physiques (<em>Physical<\/em>, 17 items), la communication (<em>Communication<\/em>, 7 items), les facteurs psychosociaux (<em>Psychosocial \/ Psychological<\/em>, 11 items) et l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie (<em>Energy<\/em>, 4 items), bien qu&rsquo;une version factorielle affin\u00e9e \u00e0 trois domaines (Physique, Communication, Psychosocial int\u00e9grant l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie) soit \u00e9galement largement valid\u00e9e sous le nom de SAQOL-39g. Les r\u00e9ponses sont recueillies sur une \u00e9chelle de Likert en 5 points adapt\u00e9e, allant de 1 (incapacit\u00e9 totale ou accord maximal avec la g\u00eane) \u00e0 5 (absence totale de difficult\u00e9 ou d\u00e9saccord avec la g\u00eane). Les scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s refl\u00e8tent une qualit\u00e9 de vie optimale.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan m\u00e9trologique, la SAQOL-39 pr\u00e9sente d&rsquo;excellentes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s : une coh\u00e9rence interne globale remarquable (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> &ge; 0,93), une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest hautement satisfaisante (coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse &ge; 0,89 \u00e0 0,98) et une validit\u00e9 de construit robuste d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par de fortes corr\u00e9lations avec des indices fonctionnels valid\u00e9s (Index de Barthel, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Health_Questionnaire\">General Health Questionnaire-12<\/a>, FAST, \u00e9chelle de Rankin modifi\u00e9e). L&rsquo;instrument est aujourd&rsquo;hui une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale incontournable en neuror\u00e9adaptation et en orthophonie clinique.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Qualit\u00e9 de vie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9, accident vasculaire c\u00e9r\u00e9bral, aphasie, SAQOL-39, psychom\u00e9trie, r\u00e9adaptation neurologique, \u00e9valuation fonctionnelle, orthophonie, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest, validit\u00e9 de construit.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs<\/h2>\n<p>La version originale de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue et valid\u00e9e par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Katerina Hilari<\/strong>, PhD, MRCSLT &mdash; Professeure en communication neurologique et r\u00e9adaptation, <em>Centre for Language and Communication Science Research<\/em>, School of Health &amp; Psychological Sciences, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.city.ac.uk\/\">City, University of London<\/a>, Londres, Royaume-Uni. (Courriel institutionnel : <a href=\"mailto:k.hilari@city.ac.uk\">k.hilari@city.ac.uk<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sarah Byng<\/strong>, PhD &mdash; Chercheuse et clinicienne en aphasiologie, <em>City, University of London<\/em>, Royaume-Uni.<\/li>\n<li><strong>David L. Smith<\/strong>, MD &mdash; D\u00e9partement de m\u00e9decine g\u00e9riatrique et r\u00e9adaptation post-AVC, Royaume-Uni.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sally C. Marshall<\/strong> &mdash; D\u00e9partement des sciences de la sant\u00e9, Royaume-Uni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les versions n\u00e9erlandaises (SAQOL-39-NL) cit\u00e9es dans le mat\u00e9riel source ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es et adapt\u00e9es par <strong>A. Vlasselaer<\/strong> (2005), l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe de recherche de la <strong>Hogeschool Utrecht<\/strong> (2014) et <strong>C. D. G. Versteegde<\/strong> (2014).<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;accident vasculaire c\u00e9r\u00e9bral repr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;une des causes majeures d&rsquo;invalidit\u00e9 acquise et de handicap \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge adulte \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle mondiale. Parmi ses s\u00e9quelles chroniques, l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aphasie\">aphasie<\/a> &mdash; trouble acquis du langage r\u00e9sultant d&rsquo;une l\u00e9sion focale des h\u00e9misph\u00e8res c\u00e9r\u00e9braux &mdash; touche environ un tiers des personnes post-AVC. Historiquement, les \u00e9tudes cliniques portant sur la qualit\u00e9 de vie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 \u00e9cartaient syst\u00e9matiquement les personnes aphasiques en raison de leur incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 comprendre ou \u00e0 compl\u00e9ter les questionnaires standardis\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9riques (tels que le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SF-36\">SF-36<\/a> ou l&rsquo;EuroQol EQ-5D), cr\u00e9ant un biais d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage majeur dans la litt\u00e9rature m\u00e9dicale.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de la SAQOL-39 est de pallier cette exclusion syst\u00e9matique en fournissant un outil de mesure direct, standardis\u00e9, valide et accessible, centr\u00e9 sur le patient (<em>Patient-Reported Outcome Measure<\/em> ou PROM). L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement con\u00e7ue pour \u00eatre administrable en auto-passation guid\u00e9e ou en entretien semi-directif, en int\u00e9grant des am\u00e9nagements ergonomiques indispensables : phrases syntaxiquement simplifi\u00e9es, typographie \u00e9pur\u00e9e, r\u00e9duction de la charge cognitive et supports visuels de r\u00e9ponse.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la pratique clinique, la SAQOL-39 poursuit plusieurs finalit\u00e9s d\u00e9terminantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00c9tablir un profil multidimensionnel du retentissement de l&rsquo;AVC<\/strong> : Elle permet aux orthophonistes, neurologues, ergoth\u00e9rapeutes et m\u00e9decins de m\u00e9decine physique et de r\u00e9adaptation (MPR) d&rsquo;identifier les domaines o\u00f9 le pr\u00e9judice fonctionnel, \u00e9motionnel ou social est le plus aigu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Planifier des objectifs th\u00e9rapeutiques personnalis\u00e9s<\/strong> : En d\u00e9passant le strict cadre du d\u00e9ficit linguistique (exprim\u00e9 par des scores de d\u00e9nomination ou de fluence verbale), l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle oriente les interventions vers les activit\u00e9s de la vie quotidienne et la participation sociale prioritaires pour le patient.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mesurer l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des interventions de r\u00e9adaptation<\/strong> : L&rsquo;outil est sensible au changement th\u00e9rapeutique longitudinal, ce qui en fait un crit\u00e8re de jugement principal ou secondaire de premier ordre dans les essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s en r\u00e9\u00e9ducation neuropsychologique et orthophonique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Donner une voix directe au patient<\/strong> : L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle \u00e9vite le recours syst\u00e9matique aux \u00e9valuations par procuration (<em>proxy ratings<\/em> par les aidants ou les soignants), dont les biais de divergence vis-\u00e0-vis du ressenti authentique du patient aphasique sont largement document\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique<\/h2>\n<p>La SAQOL-39 op\u00e9rationnalise la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qualit%C3%A9_de_vie\">qualit\u00e9 de vie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9<\/a> comme un construit multidimensionnel repr\u00e9sentant la perception subjective qu&rsquo;a l&rsquo;individu des cons\u00e9quences de l&rsquo;AVC et de l&rsquo;aphasie sur son fonctionnement physique, psychologique, communicationnel et social. L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d\u00e9compose ce m\u00e9ta-construit en sous-dimensions fondamentales :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Domaine physique (17 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9value l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance fonctionnelle dans les activit\u00e9s de base et instrumentales de la vie quotidienne (AVQ \/ AIVQ), la motricit\u00e9 globale et la mobilit\u00e9. Elle englobe :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>L&rsquo;autonomie personnelle et les soins personnels<\/em> : capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9parer des repas (item 1), s&rsquo;alimenter et d\u00e9glutir (item 2), s&rsquo;habiller (item 3), prendre soin de son apparence corporelle (item 4), entrer et sortir de la baignoire ou de la douche (item 5).<\/li>\n<li><em>La mobilit\u00e9 et les transferts<\/em> : marche (item 6), \u00e9quilibre postural statique et dynamique (item 7), mont\u00e9e et descente d&rsquo;escaliers (item 8).<\/li>\n<li><em>La motricit\u00e9 fine et l&rsquo;accomplissement des t\u00e2ches<\/em> : \u00e9criture manuscrite (item 9), ex\u00e9cution des travaux m\u00e9nagers lourds (item 10) et des activit\u00e9s domestiques courantes (item 11).<\/li>\n<li><em>La participation et l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/em> : poursuite de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 professionnelle (item 12), loisirs habituels (item 13), activit\u00e9s sociales partag\u00e9es (item 14), sorties \u00e0 l&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur du domicile (item 15), utilisation du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone (item 16) et satisfaction des besoins personnels sans assistance (item 17).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Domaine de la communication (7 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce domaine explore l&rsquo;impact de l&rsquo;aphasie sur le langage expressif, r\u00e9ceptif et pragmatique dans des contextes \u00e9cologiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Expression orale et articulation<\/em> : intelligibilit\u00e9 de la parole (item 22), acc\u00e8s lexical et recherche des mots (item 23), capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 se faire comprendre d&rsquo;autrui (item 24).<\/li>\n<li><em>Compr\u00e9hension et lecture<\/em> : d\u00e9codage et compr\u00e9hension du discours d&rsquo;autrui (item 25), compr\u00e9hension de l&rsquo;\u00e9crit\/lecture (item 26).<\/li>\n<li><em>Pragmatique et interaction sociale<\/em> : maintien d&rsquo;une conversation en dyade (un \u00e0 un, item 27) et communication au sein d&rsquo;un groupe de personnes (item 28).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. Domaine psychosocial et \u00e9motionnel (11 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension capture la d\u00e9tresse psychologique, la r\u00e9gulation affective, l&rsquo;estime de soi et les modifications relationnelles induites par l&rsquo;atteinte neurologique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>R\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle et humeur<\/em> : irritabilit\u00e9 (item 29), labilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle ou perte de contr\u00f4le des affects (item 30), frustration (item 31), col\u00e8re (item 32), humeur d\u00e9pressive ou tristesse (item 33), anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et nervosit\u00e9 (item 34).<\/li>\n<li><em>Identit\u00e9, r\u00f4le et projection dans l&rsquo;avenir<\/em> : sentiment de modification de la personnalit\u00e9 (item 35), sentiment d&rsquo;\u00eatre un fardeau pour ses proches (item 36), alt\u00e9ration du r\u00f4le au sein de la structure familiale (item 37), perte de confiance en soi (item 38), inqui\u00e9tudes face \u00e0 l&rsquo;avenir (item 39).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. Domaine de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie et de la vitalit\u00e9 (4 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9puisement pathologique et \u00e0 la fatigue chronique post-AVC &mdash; sympt\u00f4me fr\u00e9quemment invalidant et sous-diagnostiqu\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sensation de fatigue permanente (item 18), besoin imp\u00e9rieux de s&rsquo;arr\u00eater pour se reposer au cours de la journ\u00e9e (item 19), sentiment d&rsquo;absence totale d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie (item 20), sensation d&rsquo;\u00e9puisement ou d&rsquo;usure physique et morale (item 21).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement de la SAQOL-39 s&rsquo;inscrit au carrefour de deux mod\u00e8les conceptuels fondamentaux de la sant\u00e9 contemporaine : la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Classification_internationale_du_fonctionnement,_du_handicap_et_de_la_sant%C3%A9\">Classification internationale du fonctionnement, du handicap et de la sant\u00e9 (CIF)<\/a> promue par l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/fr\">Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 (OMS)<\/a>, et le mod\u00e8le conceptuel de la qualit\u00e9 de vie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 de Wilson et Cleary (1995).<\/p>\n<p>Dans le paradigme de la CIF, la sant\u00e9 d&rsquo;un individu ne se r\u00e9sume pas \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de ses structures anatomiques ou \u00e0 ses fonctions physiologiques. Elle r\u00e9sulte d&rsquo;une dynamique interactive entre :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Les fonctions organiques et structures anatomiques<\/em> (d\u00e9ficiences neurologiques, par\u00e9sie, dysfonctionnement des aires du langage de Broca ou de Wernicke) ;<\/li>\n<li><em>Les activit\u00e9s<\/em> (limitations d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s : impossibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9crire, de s&rsquo;habiller ou de lire un document) ;<\/li>\n<li><em>La participation<\/em> (restrictions de participation : isolement social, impossibilit\u00e9 de converser lors d&rsquo;un repas de famille, perte de l&#8217;emploi) ;<\/li>\n<li><em>Les facteurs environnementaux et personnels<\/em> (soutien familial, ressources psychologiques adaptatives).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La SAQOL-39 a \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement architectur\u00e9e pour cibler les niveaux de l&rsquo;<strong>activit\u00e9<\/strong> et de la <strong>participation<\/strong>, ainsi que leur retentissement sur le bien-\u00eatre subjectif de la personne, plut\u00f4t que la simple quantification des d\u00e9ficits isol\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Parall\u00e8lement, selon le mod\u00e8le de Wilson et Cleary (1995), les variables biologiques et physiologiques influencent l&rsquo;\u00e9tat fonctionnel, qui \u00e0 son tour mod\u00e8le les perceptions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales de sant\u00e9, aboutissant ultimement \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 de vie globale. La SAQOL-39 operationalise ce continuum en mesurant comment les alt\u00e9rations physiques, communicatives et \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques se traduisent en bouleversements \u00e9motionnels et existentiels.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de validit\u00e9 de la SAQOL-39 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es au travers de nombreuses investigations psychom\u00e9triques chez des populations de patients c\u00e9r\u00e9brol\u00e9s\u00e9s avec et sans aphasie :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et d&rsquo;apparence (Content &amp; Face Validity)<\/h3>\n<p>Lors de la d\u00e9rivation initiale \u00e0 partir de la SS-QOL (qui comportait originellement 49 items r\u00e9partis en 12 domaines), Hilari et al. (2003) ont men\u00e9 un processus rigoureux de r\u00e9vision aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;experts en aphasiologie, de linguistes et de patients aphasiques. Les items pr\u00e9sentant des ambigu\u00eft\u00e9s s\u00e9mantiques, des formulations n\u00e9gatives complexes ou une redondance conceptuelle excessive ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s ou reformul\u00e9s, assurant une parfaite pertinence per\u00e7ue et une accessibilit\u00e9 cognitive maximale.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations statistiquement significatives et th\u00e9oriquement coh\u00e9rentes avec d&rsquo;autres \u00e9chelles de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le domaine <em>Physique<\/em> de la SAQOL-39 pr\u00e9sente une corr\u00e9lation tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e avec l&rsquo;<strong>Index de Barthel<\/strong> (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0{,}70\">$r = 0{,}70$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}84, p &lt; 0{,}001\">$0{,}84, p &lt; 0{,}001$<\/span>), attestant de son ad\u00e9quation \u00e0 mesurer l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance fonctionnelle motrice.<\/li>\n<li>Le domaine <em>Communication<\/em> corr\u00e8le fortement avec les scores d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation du langage standardis\u00e9s, tels que le <em>Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test<\/em> (FAST, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0{,}55\">$r = 0{,}55$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}72\">$0{,}72$<\/span>) et la <em>Western Aphasia Battery<\/em> (WAB AQ).<\/li>\n<li>Le domaine <em>Psychosocial<\/em> et l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle globale corr\u00e8lent significativement avec les mesures de d\u00e9tresse psychologique comme le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Health_Questionnaire\">General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12)<\/a> (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = -0{,}58\">$r = -0{,}58$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"-0{,}68\">$-0{,}68$<\/span>), confirmant qu&rsquo;une d\u00e9tresse \u00e9motionnelle accrue est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une baisse de la qualit\u00e9 de vie d\u00e9clar\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 discriminante est d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par la capacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument \u00e0 distinguer nettement les sous-groupes de patients selon la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;AVC (mesur\u00e9e par l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de Rankin modifi\u00e9e ou le NIHSS) et la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;aphasie.<\/p>\n<h3>Sensibilit\u00e9 au changement (Responsiveness)<\/h3>\n<p>Des \u00e9tudes longitudinales (Hilari et al., 2009 ; Versteegde et al., 2014) ont montr\u00e9 que la SAQOL-39 poss\u00e8de une sensibilit\u00e9 au changement substantielle, avec des tailles d&rsquo;effet (<em>Standardized Response Mean<\/em> &#8211; SRM) mod\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00e9lev\u00e9es (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}50 &lt; \\text{SRM} &lt; 0{,}85\">$0{,}50 &lt; \\text{SRM} &lt; 0{,}85$<\/span>) lors du suivi des patients entre la phase subaigu\u00eb et la phase chronique apr\u00e8s r\u00e9\u00e9ducation cibl\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 m\u00e9trologique de la SAQOL-39 a fait l&rsquo;objet de v\u00e9rifications approfondies dans ses versions anglaise, n\u00e9erlandaise, italienne, espagnole, grecque et br\u00e9silienne :<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne<\/h3>\n<p>Les indices de coh\u00e9rence interne \u00e9valu\u00e9s par l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha\">$\u0007lpha$<\/span>) d\u00e9passent largement les seuils d&rsquo;acceptabilit\u00e9 clinique (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"ge 0{,}70\">$ge 0{,}70$<\/span>) pour tous les domaines :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Score global SAQOL-39<\/strong> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}93\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}93$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}95\">$0{,}95$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Domaine Physique<\/strong> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}92\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}92$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}96\">$0{,}96$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Domaine Communication<\/strong> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}85\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}85$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}90\">$0{,}90$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Domaine Psychosocial<\/strong> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}85\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}85$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}89\">$0{,}89$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Domaine \u00c9nergie<\/strong> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}74\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}74$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}82\">$0{,}82$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest<\/h3>\n<p>Dans les cohortes de patients en phase chronique stable \u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 intervalle de 2 \u00e0 4 semaines, les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse (CCI \/ ICC) oscillent entre :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Score global : $\text{ICC} = 0{,}89$ \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}98\">$0{,}98$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Sous-domaines : $\text{ICC} = 0{,}83$ \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}96\">$0{,}96$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo;erreur standard de mesure (SEM) et la plus petite diff\u00e9rence r\u00e9elle d\u00e9tectable (<em>Smallest Detectable Change<\/em> &#8211; SDC) sont faibles, garantissant que les variations de scores observ\u00e9es chez un individu refl\u00e8tent une \u00e9volution clinique r\u00e9elle plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;une fluctuation al\u00e9atoire de l&rsquo;instrument.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle<\/h2>\n<p>La d\u00e9rivation initiale de la SAQOL-39 \u00e0 partir de la SS-QOL (Williams et al., 1999) a repos\u00e9 sur des analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) et des analyses de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 d&rsquo;items (<em>item-total correlations<\/em>) men\u00e9es par Hilari et al. (2003) sur un \u00e9chantillon clinique d&rsquo;individus aphasiques post-AVC.<\/p>\n<h3>Transition de la structure \u00e0 4 domaines vers la SAQOL-39g (3 domaines)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC) et l&rsquo;analyse de Rasch men\u00e9es par Hilari et Byng (2009) ont mis en \u00e9vidence deux structures principales :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Le mod\u00e8le classique \u00e0 4 facteurs<\/strong> (SAQOL-39) : correspondant \u00e0 la partition fonctionnelle <em>Physique<\/em> (17 items), <em>Communication<\/em> (7 items), <em>Psychosocial<\/em> (11 items) et <em>\u00c9nergie<\/em> (4 items). Les saturations factorielles des items sur leurs facteurs respectifs sont solides, la quasi-totalit\u00e9 d\u00e9passant le seuil de <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}50\">$0{,}50$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le mod\u00e8le g\u00e9n\u00e9rique post-AVC \u00e0 3 facteurs (SAQOL-39g)<\/strong> : valid\u00e9 pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 indiff\u00e9remment chez des patients post-AVC aphasiques ou non aphasiques. Dans ce mod\u00e8le affin\u00e9, les items du domaine de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie saturent harmonieusement sur un macro-facteur <em>Psychosocial<\/em> recompos\u00e9 (15 items), stabilisant l&rsquo;outil en trois domaines majeurs : <strong>Physique<\/strong> (17 items), <strong>Communication<\/strong> (7 items) et <strong>Psychosocial<\/strong> (15 items).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Les indices d&rsquo;ajustement structurel rapport\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes confirment une ad\u00e9quation remarquable du mod\u00e8le aux donn\u00e9es empiriques (RMSEA <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"le 0{,}06\">$le 0{,}06$<\/span>, CFI <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"ge 0{,}92\">$ge 0{,}92$<\/span>, TLI <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"ge 0{,}90\">$ge 0{,}90$<\/span>).<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Questionnaire de qualit\u00e9 de vie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 rapport\u00e9e par le patient (PROM &#8211; <em>Patient-Reported Outcome Measure<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Auto-passation assist\u00e9e, passation en entretien en face-\u00e0-face avec support visuel ou lecture conjointe orthophoniste\/patient.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 39 items.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u00e9riode de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence :<\/strong> Les sept derniers jours pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle ordinale de type Likert en 5 points avec ancrage visuel explicite :\n<ul>\n<li><em>Pour les items 1 \u00e0 17 et l&rsquo;item 30 (\u00e9valuation de la difficult\u00e9 fonctionnelle) :<\/em><br \/>\n        <br \/>1 = Could not do it at all (Incapable de le faire)<br \/>\n        <br \/>2 = A lot of trouble (Beaucoup de difficult\u00e9)<br \/>\n        <br \/>3 = Some trouble (Quelque difficult\u00e9)<br \/>\n        <br \/>4 = A little trouble (Un peu de difficult\u00e9)<br \/>\n        <br \/>5 = No trouble at all (Aucune difficult\u00e9)\n      <\/li>\n<li><em>Pour les items 18 \u00e0 29 et 31 \u00e0 39 (\u00e9valuation de l&rsquo;accord \/ fr\u00e9quence du sympt\u00f4me) :<\/em><br \/>\n        <br \/>1 = Definitely yes (Tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord \/ Oui tout \u00e0 fait)<br \/>\n        <br \/>2 = Mostly yes (Plut\u00f4t oui)<br \/>\n        <br \/>3 = Half and half \/ Neither yes nor no (Moyennement \/ Ni oui ni non)<br \/>\n        <br \/>4 = Mostly no (Plut\u00f4t non)<br \/>\n        <br \/>5 = Definitely no \/ Not at all (Pas du tout \/ Non absolument pas)\n      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et calcul des scores :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Tous les items sont cot\u00e9s de 1 \u00e0 5.<\/li>\n<li>Les items sont formul\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce qu&rsquo;un score num\u00e9rique de 5 repr\u00e9sente syst\u00e9matiquement le niveau le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de qualit\u00e9 de vie (absence de difficult\u00e9 ou absence de d\u00e9tresse\/sympt\u00f4me).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score moyen global :<\/strong> Somme de tous les items compl\u00e9t\u00e9s divis\u00e9e par le nombre total d&rsquo;items r\u00e9pondus (score variant de 1,00 \u00e0 5,00).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scores moyens par sous-domaines :<\/strong> Moyenne arithm\u00e9tique des items constituant chaque sous-\u00e9chelle (Physique : 17 items ; Communication : 7 items ; Psychosocial : 11 ou 15 items ; \u00c9nergie : 4 items).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interpr\u00e9tation clinique :<\/strong> Plus le score moyen est proche de 5, meilleure est la qualit\u00e9 de vie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 du patient. Un score faible (&lt; 3) signale un retentissement pathologique majeur n\u00e9cessitant un ciblage prioritaire en r\u00e9\u00e9ducation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication princeps :<\/strong> 2003 (Hilari et al. ; validation g\u00e9n\u00e9rique SAQOL-39g en 2009 ; adaptations n\u00e9erlandaises en 2005 et 2014).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Titulaire des droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> &copy; Prof. Katerina Hilari \/ City, University of London.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation et permissions :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument SAQOL-39 est mis \u00e0 la disposition des chercheurs universitaires et des cliniciens dans le cadre d&rsquo;un usage non commercial. Les personnes souhaitant l&rsquo;utiliser dans le cadre d&rsquo;essais cliniques financ\u00e9s ou d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes acad\u00e9miques sont invit\u00e9es \u00e0 contacter l&rsquo;auteur principal (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.city.ac.uk\/about\/people\/academics\/katerina-hilari\">Prof. Katerina Hilari<\/a>) afin d&rsquo;obtenir le formulaire d&rsquo;accord d&rsquo;utilisation et le manuel d&rsquo;administration officiel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarification :<\/strong> Acc\u00e8s libre (gratuit) pour la recherche acad\u00e9mique et la pratique clinique hospitali\u00e8re\/lib\u00e9rale non commerciale sous r\u00e9serve d&rsquo;approbation par les d\u00e9tenteurs des droits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> Please answer how much difficulty or trouble you experienced during the past week across the following activities and feelings.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> 5-point Likert scale (Items 1-17, 30: 1 = Could not do it at all, 2 = A lot of trouble, 3 = Some trouble, 4 = A little trouble, 5 = No trouble at all; Items 18-29, 31-39: 1 = Definitely yes, 2 = Mostly yes, 3 = Half and half \/ Neither yes nor no, 4 = Mostly no, 5 = Definitely no \/ Not at all)\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> Items are scored from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life. Mean scores can be calculated overall and for the four domains: Physical (17 items), Communication (7 items), Psychological (11 items), and Energy (4 items; or in the 3-domain structure: Physical, Communication, Psychosocial).\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble preparing food?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble eating, for example cutting food or swallowing?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble getting dressed, for example buttoning buttons or tying shoelaces?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble taking care of your own appearance, for example combing your hair or washing?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble getting in or out of the bath or shower?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble walking?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble with your balance when standing or walking?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble climbing stairs?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble with your handwriting \/ writing?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble carrying out heavy household chores, for example cleaning the floors or moving furniture?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble doing the things you used to do around the house?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble working \/ doing your job?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble doing leisure activities \/ hobbies you used to do?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble doing things you enjoy doing with other people?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble going out as much as you would have liked?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble using the telephone?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble meeting your personal needs without help?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel tired most of the time?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have to stop and rest during the day?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel you had no energy?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel worn out or exhausted?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble speaking clearly enough for people to understand you?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble finding the right word to say?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble getting other people to understand what you were saying?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble understanding what other people were saying to you?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble understanding what you were reading?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble having a conversation with one other person?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble having a conversation in a group of people?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel irritable \/ short-tempered?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you have trouble controlling your emotions (e.g. crying or laughing easily)?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel frustrated?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel angry?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel down or depressed?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel anxious or nervous?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel that your personality had changed?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel that you were a burden to your family or friends?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel that your role within your family had changed?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel that you had less confidence in yourself?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you feel worried about your future?<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<p>Hilari, K., &amp; Byng, S. (2009). Measuring health-related quality of life in people with stroke and aphasia using the SAQOL-39g: A factor analysis. <em>Aphasiology<\/em>, 23(7&ndash;8), 987&ndash;999. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02687030802613149\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02687030802613149<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hilari, K., Byng, S., Lamping, D. L., &amp; Smith, S. C. (2003). Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 (SAQOL-39): Evaluation of acceptability, reliability, and validity. <em>Stroke<\/em>, 34(8), 1944&ndash;1950. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000081987.46660.ED\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000081987.46660.ED<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hilari, K., Owen, S., &amp; Farrelly, S. J. (2007). Proxy and self-report agreement on the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39. <em>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry<\/em>, 78(10), 1072&ndash;1075. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2006.111476\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2006.111476<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Versteegde, C. D. G., Vlasselaer, A., &amp; Hilari, K. (2014). <em>Handleiding SAQOL-39-NL: Vragenlijst Kwaliteit van Leven bij CVA en Afasie<\/em>. Hogeschool Utrecht \/ City University London.<\/p>\n<p>Williams, L. S., Weinberger, M., Harris, L. E., Clark, D. O., &amp; Biller, J. (1999). Development of a stroke-specific quality of life scale. <em>Stroke<\/em>, 30(7), 1362&ndash;1369. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.30.7.1362\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.30.7.1362<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Wilson, I. B., &amp; Cleary, P. D. (1995). Linking clinical variables with health-related quality of life: A conceptual model of patient outcomes. <em>JAMA<\/em>, 273(1), 59&ndash;65. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1995.03520250075037\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1995.03520250075037<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n  Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-family:sans-serif;\">\n<div style=\"padding:15px; background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; margin-top:15px; border-radius:6px;\">\n<p style=\"font-weight:bold; margin-bottom:10px;\">Response format for Items 1&ndash;17 and Item 30:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style:none; padding-left:0; margin-bottom:15px;\">\n<li><strong>1<\/strong> = Could not do it at all<\/li>\n<li><strong>2<\/strong> = A lot of trouble<\/li>\n<li><strong>3<\/strong> = Some trouble<\/li>\n<li><strong>4<\/strong> = A little trouble<\/li>\n<li><strong>5<\/strong> = No trouble at all<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"font-weight:bold; margin-bottom:10px;\">Response format for Items 18&ndash;29 and Items 31&ndash;39:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style:none; padding-left:0; margin-bottom:20px;\">\n<li><strong>1<\/strong> = Definitely yes<\/li>\n<li><strong>2<\/strong> = Mostly yes<\/li>\n<li><strong>3<\/strong> = Half and half \/ Neither yes nor no<\/li>\n<li><strong>4<\/strong> = Mostly no<\/li>\n<li><strong>5<\/strong> = Definitely no \/ Not at all<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr style=\"border:0; border-top:1px solid #e2e8f0; margin:15px 0;\">\n<ol style=\"line-height:1.8; font-size:15px; color:#1e293b; padding-left:25px;\">\n<li>Did you have trouble preparing food?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble eating, for example cutting food or swallowing?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble getting dressed, for example buttoning buttons or tying shoelaces?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble taking care of your own appearance, for example combing your hair or washing?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble getting in or out of the bath or shower?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble walking?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble with your balance when standing or walking?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble climbing stairs?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble with your handwriting \/ writing?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble carrying out heavy household chores, for example cleaning the floors or moving furniture?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble doing the things you used to do around the house?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble working \/ doing your job?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble doing leisure activities \/ hobbies you used to do?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble doing things you enjoy doing with other people?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble going out as much as you would have liked?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble using the telephone?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble meeting your personal needs without help?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel tired most of the time?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have to stop and rest during the day?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel you had no energy?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel worn out or exhausted?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble speaking clearly enough for people to understand you?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble finding the right word to say?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble getting other people to understand what you were saying?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble understanding what other people were saying to you?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble understanding what you were reading?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble having a conversation with one other person?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble having a conversation in a group of people?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel irritable \/ short-tempered?<\/li>\n<li>Did you have trouble controlling your emotions (e.g. crying or laughing easily)?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel frustrated?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel angry?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel down or depressed?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel anxious or nervous?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel that your personality had changed?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel that you were a burden to your family or friends?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel that your role within your family had changed?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel that you had less confidence in yourself?<\/li>\n<li>Did you feel worried about your future?<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Guide psychom\u00e9trique complet sur l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de qualit\u00e9 de vie apr\u00e8s AVC et aphasie-39 (SAQOL-39) : cadre th\u00e9orique, dimensions, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9, validit\u00e9 et items originaux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[46,2,26],"tags":[1048,795,129,1810,1021,29,1809],"class_list":["post-633","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-neuropsychologie","category-psychometrie","category-qualite-de-vie","tag-aphasie","tag-avc","tag-evaluation-psychometrique","tag-neuroreadaptation","tag-orthophonie","tag-qualite-de-vie","tag-saqol-39"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=633"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/633\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}