{"id":622,"date":"2026-09-04T13:06:28","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T13:06:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/inventaire-abrege-des-symptomes-bsi\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T13:06:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T13:06:28","slug":"inventaire-abrege-des-symptomes-bsi","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=inventaire-abrege-des-symptomes-bsi","title":{"rendered":"Inventaire abr\u00e9g\u00e9 des sympt\u00f4mes (BSI)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Inventaire abr\u00e9g\u00e9 des sympt\u00f4mes<\/strong> (<em>Brief Symptom Inventory<\/em> ou <strong>BSI<\/strong>; Derogatis, 1993; Derogatis &amp; Melisaratos, 1983) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique auto-rapport\u00e9 multidimensionnel con\u00e7u pour \u00e9valuer rapidement l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 des sympt\u00f4mes psychopathologiques et la d\u00e9tresse psychologique globale chez les adultes et les adolescents \u00e0 partir de 13 ans. D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 comme une forme condens\u00e9e de la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre \u00e9chelle <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symptom_Checklist-90-R\">Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R)<\/a>, le BSI conserve les caract\u00e9ristiques structurales fondamentales de son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur tout en r\u00e9duisant significativement le fardeau cognitif et temporel de passation.<\/p>\n<p>Le questionnaire comprend <strong>53 items<\/strong> \u00e9valuant la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue des sympt\u00f4mes au cours des sept derniers jours. Les r\u00e9ponses sont recueillies sur une \u00e9chelle de type <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Likert_scale\">Likert<\/a> en 5 points allant de 0 (\u00ab Not at all \u00bb \/ Pas du tout) \u00e0 4 (\u00ab Extremely \u00bb \/ Extr\u00eamement). L&rsquo;inventaire s&rsquo;articule autour de <strong>neuf dimensions symptomatiques primaires<\/strong> : la Somatisation (SOM), l&rsquo;Obsession-Compulsion (O-C), la Sensibilit\u00e9 interpersonnelle (I-S), la D\u00e9pression (DEP), l&rsquo;Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 (ANX), l&rsquo;Hostilit\u00e9 (HOS), l&rsquo;Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 phobique (PHOB), l&rsquo;Id\u00e9ation parano\u00efaque (PAR) et le Psychotisme (PSY). En compl\u00e9ment de ces sous-\u00e9chelles, le BSI int\u00e8gre quatre items additionnels \u00e9valuant des perturbations neurov\u00e9g\u00e9tatives et cognitives sp\u00e9cifiques, ainsi que <strong>trois indices globaux de d\u00e9tresse<\/strong> : l&rsquo;Indice de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 globale (<em>Global Severity Index<\/em>, GSI), l&rsquo;Indice de d\u00e9tresse des sympt\u00f4mes positifs (<em>Positive Symptom Distress Index<\/em>, PSDI) et le Total des sympt\u00f4mes positifs (<em>Positive Symptom Total<\/em>, PST).<\/p>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques du BSI ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abondamment valid\u00e9es dans des populations cliniques psychiatriques, m\u00e9dicales et en population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. L&rsquo;instrument d\u00e9montre une excellente <strong>coh\u00e9rence interne<\/strong> (coefficients <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cronbach%27s_alpha\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> oscillant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,71 et 0,89 pour les sous-\u00e9chelles, et d\u00e9passant 0,95 pour le GSI) ainsi qu&rsquo;une tr\u00e8s bonne <strong>stabilit\u00e9 temporelle<\/strong> test-retest (coefficients de 0,68 \u00e0 0,91). Sa validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante est solidement \u00e9tablie par rapport \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres outils diagnostiques standardis\u00e9s tels que le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minnesota_Multiphasic_Personality_Inventory\">MMPI<\/a> et le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beck_Depression_Inventory\">Beck Depression Inventory<\/a>, faisant du BSI l&rsquo;un des instruments de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale pour le d\u00e9pistage clinique, le suivi longitudinal et l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 th\u00e9rapeutique.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Inventaire abr\u00e9g\u00e9 des sympt\u00f4mes, Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI, SCL-90-R, d\u00e9tresse psychologique, psychom\u00e9trie, \u00e9valuation clinique, indice de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 globale, psychopathologie, validit\u00e9 factorielle, auto-\u00e9valuation clinique.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;inventaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et valid\u00e9 par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Leonard R. Derogatis, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychiatrie et de sciences comportementales, directeur du <em>Center for Sexual Medicine<\/em> au <em>Sheppard Pratt Health System<\/em> et ancien directeur de la division de psychologie m\u00e9dicale \u00e0 la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/\">Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine<\/a> (Baltimore, Maryland, \u00c9tats-Unis). Chercheur pionnier dans le d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;\u00e9chelles d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation clinique standardis\u00e9es en sant\u00e9 mentale et en oncologie psychosociale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Collaborateurs initiaux :<\/strong> Notamment <strong>Nick Melisaratos, M.S.<\/strong>, co-auteur des premiers travaux de validation psychom\u00e9trique du BSI publi\u00e9s en 1983 \u00e0 la Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans le but premier de fournir aux cliniciens et aux chercheurs un instrument d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation clinique multidimensionnel \u00e0 la fois <em>bref<\/em>, <em>robuste<\/em> et <em>sensible au changement<\/em>. Alors que la SCL-90-R (90 items) offre un profil symptomatique tr\u00e8s d\u00e9taill\u00e9, sa longueur peut constituer un obstacle majeur aupr\u00e8s de populations m\u00e9dicalement fragiles, de patients souffrant de fatigue cognitive intense, d&rsquo;adolescents agit\u00e9s ou dans des contextes d&rsquo;urgence et d&rsquo;essais cliniques \u00e0 mesures r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es. Le BSI comble ce besoin en r\u00e9duisant le nombre d&rsquo;items de 41 % tout en pr\u00e9servant l&rsquo;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 structurale et la puissance diagnostique du mod\u00e8le original.<\/p>\n<h3>Applications cliniques<\/h3>\n<p>Dans la pratique clinique quotidienne, le BSI remplit plusieurs fonctions cruciales :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9pistage syst\u00e9matique :<\/strong> Identification pr\u00e9coce de troubles psychiatriques et de niveaux cliniquement significatifs de d\u00e9tresse psychologique en milieu hospitalier, ambulatoire ou universitaire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9tablissement d&rsquo;une ligne de base :<\/strong> Mesure standardis\u00e9e de la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 symptomatique avant le d\u00e9marrage d&rsquo;une psychoth\u00e9rapie ou d&rsquo;un traitement pharmacologique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mesure de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 th\u00e9rapeutique :<\/strong> Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa grande sensibilit\u00e9 aux variations temporelles, le BSI permet de quantifier les progr\u00e8s cliniques, la r\u00e9mission ou la rechute au fil des s\u00e9ances ou des cycles de traitement.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oncologie psychosociale et m\u00e9decine comportementale :<\/strong> \u00c9valuation de l&rsquo;impact psychologique des maladies chroniques, des traitements invasifs (chimioth\u00e9rapie, greffes) et identification des patients n\u00e9cessitant un soutien psycho-oncologique imm\u00e9diat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Applications en recherche<\/h3>\n<p>En recherche translationnelle et clinique, le BSI est largement utilis\u00e9 comme crit\u00e8re de jugement principal (<em>primary endpoint<\/em>) ou secondaire dans les essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Randomized_controlled_trial\">RCTs<\/a>) \u00e9valuant des interventions pharmacologiques ou psychoth\u00e9rapeutiques. Il sert \u00e9galement d&rsquo;\u00e9talon dans les \u00e9tudes \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques portant sur la sant\u00e9 mentale des populations vuln\u00e9rables, le stress au travail et les traumatismes vicariants.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique<\/h2>\n<p>Le BSI op\u00e9rationnalise la d\u00e9tresse psychologique comme un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne multidimensionnel comprenant des composantes affectives, somatiques, cognitives et relationnelles. Il comprend 9 sous-\u00e9chelles sp\u00e9cifiques et 3 indices globaux :<\/p>\n<h3>Dimensions symptomatiques primaires<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Somatisation (SOM &#8211; 7 items) :<\/strong> Refl\u00e8te la d\u00e9tresse \u00e9manant de la perception de dysfonctionnements corporels. Les sympt\u00f4mes ciblent le syst\u00e8me cardiovasculaire, gastro-intestinal, respiratoire ainsi que des manifestations neuromusculaires (ex. : malaises, naus\u00e9es, douleurs thoraciques, engourdissements).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obsession-Compulsion (O-C &#8211; 6 items) :<\/strong> \u00c9value les pens\u00e9es intrusives non d\u00e9sir\u00e9es, les impulsions r\u00e9currentes et les comportements compulsifs ritualis\u00e9s visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, ainsi que des difficult\u00e9s cognitives g\u00e9n\u00e9rales telles que le sentiment de blocage mental ou l&rsquo;ind\u00e9cision.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sensibilit\u00e9 interpersonnelle (I-S &#8211; 4 items) :<\/strong> Se focalise sur les sentiments d&rsquo;inad\u00e9quation personnelle, d&rsquo;inf\u00e9riorit\u00e9, d&rsquo;auto-d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciation et l&rsquo;inconfort marqu\u00e9 lors des interactions sociales (ex. : sentiment d&rsquo;\u00eatre facilement bless\u00e9, impression que les autres sont hostiles).<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9pression (DEP &#8211; 6 items) :<\/strong> Capture les manifestations centrales de l&rsquo;humeur d\u00e9pressive, incluant le d\u00e9sespoir, la perte d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat (anh\u00e9donie), l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, l&rsquo;autod\u00e9pr\u00e9ciation et l&rsquo;id\u00e9ation suicidaire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 (ANX &#8211; 6 items) :<\/strong> Mesure les signes manifestes d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, tels que la nervosit\u00e9 interne, la tension motrice, l&rsquo;appr\u00e9hension diffuse et les attaques de panique soudaines accompagn\u00e9es de terreur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hostilit\u00e9 (HOS &#8211; 5 items) :<\/strong> Englobe les pens\u00e9es, sentiments ou actions caract\u00e9ristiques d&rsquo;\u00e9tats de col\u00e8re, d&rsquo;irritabilit\u00e9, d&rsquo;agressivit\u00e9 verbale ou physique et d&rsquo;impulsions destructrices incontr\u00f4l\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 phobique (PHOB &#8211; 5 items) :<\/strong> \u00c9value une r\u00e9ponse de peur persistante et irrationnelle envers un lieu, une personne ou une situation sp\u00e9cifique (agoraphobie, transports en commun, foules), entra\u00eenant des conduites d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement marqu\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Id\u00e9ation parano\u00efaque (PAR &#8211; 5 items) :<\/strong> Cible la pens\u00e9e projective, la m\u00e9fiance g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e, la suspension de la confiance envers autrui, la peur de la perte d&rsquo;autonomie et le sentiment de pers\u00e9cution ou de pr\u00e9judice injustifi\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Psychotisme (PSY &#8211; 5 items) :<\/strong> Repr\u00e9sente un continuum allant de l&rsquo;ali\u00e9nation interpersonnelle mod\u00e9r\u00e9e et du repli autistique jusqu&rsquo;aux manifestations florides de la psychose (d\u00e9lires d&rsquo;influence, contr\u00f4le de la pens\u00e9e, sentiment d&rsquo;\u00e9tranget\u00e9 mentale).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> Below is a list of problems people sometimes have. Please read each one carefully, and select the number that best describes HOW MUCH THAT PROBLEM HAS DISTRESSED OR BOTHERED YOU DURING THE PAST 7 DAYS INCLUDING TODAY.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> 5-point rating scale: 0 = Not at all, 1 = A little bit, 2 = Moderately, 3 = Quite a bit, 4 = Extremely\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> The BSI yields nine primary symptom dimensions: Somatization (items 2, 7, 23, 29, 30, 33, 37), Obsessive-Compulsive (items 5, 15, 26, 27, 32, 36), Interpersonal Sensitivity (items 20, 21, 22, 42), Depression (items 9, 16, 17, 18, 35, 50), Anxiety (items 1, 12, 19, 38, 45, 49), Hostility (items 6, 13, 40, 41, 46), Phobic Anxiety (items 8, 28, 31, 43, 47), Paranoid Ideation (items 4, 10, 24, 48, 51), and Psychoticism (items 3, 14, 34, 44, 53). Additional items include 11, 25, 39, 52. Three global indices are calculated: Global Severity Index (GSI), Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI), and Positive Symptom Total (PST).\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Nervousness or shakiness inside<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Faintness or dizziness<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The idea that someone else can control your thoughts<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling others are to blame for most of your troubles<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Trouble remembering things<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling easily annoyed or irritated<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Pains in heart or chest<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling afraid in open spaces or on the streets<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Thoughts of ending your life<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling that most people cannot be trusted<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Poor appetite<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Suddenly scared for no reason<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Temper outbursts that you could not control<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling lonely even when you are with people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling blocked in getting things done<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling lonely<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling blue<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling no interest in things<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling fearful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Your feelings being easily hurt<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling that people are unfriendly or that they dislike you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling inferior to others<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Nausea or upset stomach<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling that you are watched or talked about by others<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Trouble falling asleep<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Having to check and double-check what you do<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Difficulty making decisions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling afraid to travel on buses, subways, or trains<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Trouble getting your breath<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Hot or cold spells<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Having to avoid certain things, places, or activities because they frighten you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Your mind going blank<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Numbness or tingling in parts of your body<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The idea that you should be punished for your sins<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling hopeless about the future<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Trouble concentrating<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling weak in parts of your body<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling tense or keyed up<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Thoughts of death or dying<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Having urges to beat, injure, or harm someone<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Having urges to break or smash things<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling very self-conscious with others<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling uneasy in crowds, such as shopping or at a movie<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Never feeling close to another person<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Spells of terror or panic<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Getting into frequent arguments<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling nervous when you are left alone<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Others not giving you proper credit for your achievements<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling so restless you couldn&#039;t sit still<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feelings of worthlessness<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling that people will take advantage of you if you let them<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feelings of guilt<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The idea that something is wrong with your mind<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\n<p>Le BSI s&rsquo;inscrit dans le cadre th\u00e9orique de la <strong>psychopathologie descriptive<\/strong> et du mod\u00e8le biom\u00e9dical et dimensionnel de la sant\u00e9 mentale formalis\u00e9 par Leonard R. Derogatis dans les ann\u00e9es 1970. Ce cadre repose sur le postulat fondamental que les sympt\u00f4mes psychopathologiques ne doivent pas uniquement \u00eatre appr\u00e9hend\u00e9s selon des cat\u00e9gories nosologiques binaires (pr\u00e9sence\/absence), mais plut\u00f4t comme des <em>dimensions continues de d\u00e9tresse<\/em> variant en intensit\u00e9 et en fr\u00e9quence dans l&rsquo;ensemble de la population.<\/p>\n<p>Historiquement, le BSI h\u00e9rite directement des travaux fondateurs men\u00e9s sur la <em>Hopkins Symptom Checklist<\/em> (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hopkins_Symptom_Checklist\">HSCL<\/a>; Parloff, Kelman, &amp; Frank, 1954; Derogatis et al., 1974). Derogatis a perfectionn\u00e9 cette approche en int\u00e9grant des perspectives issues de la psychom\u00e9trie moderne et des crit\u00e8res op\u00e9rationnels du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/psychiatrists\/practice\/dsm\">DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)<\/a>. Le mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique sous-jacent postule une organisation hi\u00e9rarchique de la psychopathologie : un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de d\u00e9tresse non sp\u00e9cifique (le facteur \u00ab p \u00bb ou d\u00e9tresse globale, captur\u00e9 par le GSI) coexistant avec des expressions symptomatiques diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es fa\u00e7onn\u00e9es par des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s biologiques, psychologiques et environnementales sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques du BSI ont fait l&rsquo;objet de centaines d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes empiriques \u00e0 travers le monde, confirmant une <strong>validit\u00e9 de construit<\/strong>, une <strong>validit\u00e9 convergente<\/strong> et une <strong>validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/strong> remarquables :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et concourante<\/h3>\n<p>Les corr\u00e9lations entre les dimensions du BSI et celles de la SCL-90-R originale sont extr\u00eamement \u00e9lev\u00e9es, oscillant entre <strong>r = 0,92 et r = 0,98<\/strong>, d\u00e9montrant que la version abr\u00e9g\u00e9e pr\u00e9serve fid\u00e8lement l&rsquo;information clinique de la version int\u00e9grale (Derogatis &amp; Melisaratos, 1983). Des corr\u00e9lations substantielles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es avec d&rsquo;autres \u00e9chelles de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La sous-\u00e9chelle D\u00e9pression (DEP) corr\u00e8le fortement avec le <em>Beck Depression Inventory<\/em> (BDI; r = 0,75 \u00e0 0,84).<\/li>\n<li>La sous-\u00e9chelle Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 (ANX) pr\u00e9sente de fortes corr\u00e9lations avec le <em>State-Trait Anxiety Inventory<\/em> (STAI; r = 0,71 \u00e0 0,80).<\/li>\n<li>Le GSI montre des corr\u00e9lations tr\u00e8s significatives (r &gt; 0,70) avec les \u00e9chelles cliniques du <em>Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory<\/em> (MMPI), notamment les \u00e9chelles 2 (D\u00e9pression) et 7 (Psychasth\u00e9nie).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante et sensibilit\u00e9 au changement<\/h3>\n<p>Le BSI discrimine avec pr\u00e9cision les populations non cliniques (normes communautaires) des populations cliniques psychiatriques et m\u00e9dicales. Les \u00e9tudes d\u00e9montrent que les patients hospitalis\u00e9s obtiennent des scores significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s sur le GSI et les 9 dimensions que les patients ambulatoires, qui eux-m\u00eames se distinguent nettement des t\u00e9moins sains. De plus, la taille d&rsquo;effet (<a s_d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Effect_size#Cohen\">d de Cohen<\/a>) lors d&rsquo;interventions th\u00e9rapeutiques r\u00e9ussies d\u00e9passe r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement 0,80 sur le GSI, attestant d&rsquo;une excellente sensibilit\u00e9 aux changements induits par le traitement.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du BSI a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse \u00e0 travers plusieurs m\u00e9thodologies :<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne<\/h3>\n<p>Les analyses de consistance interne (alpha de Cronbach) rapport\u00e9es dans le manuel standardis\u00e9 de Derogatis (1993) et confirm\u00e9es par des m\u00e9ta-analyses ind\u00e9pendantes d\u00e9montrent une excellente homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des items :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Indice de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 globale (GSI) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,95 \u00e0 0,97.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Somatisation (SOM) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,80 \u00e0 0,86.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obsession-Compulsion (O-C) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,83 \u00e0 0,87.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sensibilit\u00e9 interpersonnelle (I-S) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,74 \u00e0 0,82.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9pression (DEP) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,85 \u00e0 0,89.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 (ANX) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,81 \u00e0 0,88.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hostilit\u00e9 (HOS) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,78 \u00e0 0,85.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 phobique (PHOB) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,70 \u00e0 0,79.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Id\u00e9ation parano\u00efaque (PAR) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,73 \u00e0 0,80.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Psychotisme (PSY) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,71 \u00e0 0,77.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>Sur un intervalle de deux semaines, les coefficients de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest rapport\u00e9s par Derogatis (1993) s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnent entre <strong>0,68 et 0,91<\/strong> pour les neuf dimensions primaires, avec une stabilit\u00e9 de <strong>r = 0,90<\/strong> pour le GSI, d\u00e9montrant que l&rsquo;outil est \u00e0 la fois stable face au bruit de mesure et r\u00e9actif aux v\u00e9ritables \u00e9volutions cliniques.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle<\/h2>\n<p>La structure factorielle du BSI a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;intenses d\u00e9bats m\u00e9thodologiques au sein de la communaut\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique :<\/p>\n<h3>Analyses Factorielles Exploratoires (AFE) et Confirmatoires (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>Derogatis et Melisaratos (1983) ont initialement extrait une solution \u00e0 9 facteurs via des analyses factorielles avec rotation orthogonale (Varimax), confirmant l&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation du mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique sous-jacent. Cependant, des recherches ind\u00e9pendantes ult\u00e9rieures utilisant des <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Structural_equation_modeling\">mod\u00e8les d&rsquo;\u00e9quations structurelles<\/a> et des AFC (ex. : Boulet &amp; Boss, 1991; Franke, 2000) ont mis en \u00e9vidence une forte inter-corr\u00e9lation entre les dimensions (corr\u00e9lations inter-facteurs souvent sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 0,60).<\/p>\n<h3>Mod\u00e8les bi-factoriels et facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de d\u00e9tresse<\/h3>\n<p>Les mod\u00e9lisations modernes soutiennent majoritairement une <strong>structure bi-factorielle<\/strong> ou hi\u00e9rarchique de second ordre : un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral dominant (la d\u00e9tresse psychologique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale ou affectivit\u00e9 n\u00e9gative) qui explique entre 50 % et 70 % de la variance commune, compl\u00e9t\u00e9 par des facteurs sp\u00e9cifiques correspondant aux 9 dimensions symptomatiques. Ces donn\u00e9es justifient l&rsquo;usage prioritaire du <strong>GSI<\/strong> comme mesure globale de la d\u00e9tresse, tout en conservant le profil des sous-\u00e9chelles pour une lecture clinique fine des configurations psychopathologiques individuelles.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom complet de l&rsquo;outil :<\/strong> Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) \/ Inventaire abr\u00e9g\u00e9 des sympt\u00f4mes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Auto-questionnaire papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9 (auto-\u00e9valuation).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Adultes et adolescents (d\u00e8s 13 ans). Niveau de lecture requis : \u00e9quivalent 6e ann\u00e9e primaire (environ 11-12 ans).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e de passation :<\/strong> Environ 8 \u00e0 10 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u00e9riode de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence :<\/strong> Les 7 derniers jours pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant la passation (incluant aujourd&rsquo;hui).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 53 items.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format des r\u00e9ponses :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert \u00e0 5 points cot\u00e9e de 0 \u00e0 4 :\n<ul>\n<li>0 = Not at all (Pas du tout)<\/li>\n<li>1 = A little bit (Un peu)<\/li>\n<li>2 = Moderately (Moyennement)<\/li>\n<li>3 = Quite a bit (Beaucoup)<\/li>\n<li>4 = Extremely (Extr\u00eamement)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcul des scores des dimensions :<\/strong> Le score brut d&rsquo;une dimension est la moyenne arithm\u00e9tique des items qui la composent (somme des items divis\u00e9e par le nombre d&rsquo;items de la dimension, variant de 0 \u00e0 4) :\n<ul>\n<li><em>Somatisation (SOM) :<\/em> Items 2, 7, 23, 29, 30, 33, 37<\/li>\n<li><em>Obsession-Compulsion (O-C) :<\/em> Items 5, 15, 26, 27, 32, 36<\/li>\n<li><em>Sensibilit\u00e9 interpersonnelle (I-S) :<\/em> Items 20, 21, 22, 42<\/li>\n<li><em>D\u00e9pression (DEP) :<\/em> Items 9, 16, 17, 18, 35, 50<\/li>\n<li><em>Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 (ANX) :<\/em> Items 1, 12, 19, 38, 45, 49<\/li>\n<li><em>Hostilit\u00e9 (HOS) :<\/em> Items 6, 13, 40, 41, 46<\/li>\n<li><em>Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 phobique (PHOB) :<\/em> Items 8, 28, 31, 43, 47<\/li>\n<li><em>Id\u00e9ation parano\u00efaque (PAR) :<\/em> Items 4, 10, 24, 48, 51<\/li>\n<li><em>Psychotisme (PSY) :<\/em> Items 3, 14, 34, 44, 53<\/li>\n<li><em>Items additionnels :<\/em> Items 11, 25, 39, 52<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcul des trois indices globaux :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Global Severity Index (GSI) :<\/em> Somme des 53 items divis\u00e9e par 53.<\/li>\n<li><em>Positive Symptom Total (PST) :<\/em> Nombre total d&rsquo;items ayant un score &gt; 0 (score de 0 \u00e0 53).<\/li>\n<li><em>Positive Symptom Distress Index (PSDI) :<\/em> Somme des scores des 53 items divis\u00e9e par le score PST.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Normalisation et T-Scores :<\/strong> Les scores bruts sont convertis en scores T standardis\u00e9s (Moyenne = 50, \u00c9cart-type = 10) bas\u00e9s sur 4 groupes normatifs distincts : adultes non patients, patients psychiatriques ambulatoires, patients psychiatriques hospitalis\u00e9s et adolescents non patients.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication originale :<\/strong> 1975 (premiers d\u00e9veloppements), valid\u00e9 formellement en 1983, manuel de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence publi\u00e9 en 1993 (4e \u00e9dition).<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9tenteur des droits et \u00e9diteur commercial :<\/strong> L&rsquo;inventaire BSI est un instrument prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par copyright, \u00e9dit\u00e9 et distribu\u00e9 exclusivement par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearsonassessments.com\/\">Pearson Clinical Assessment \/ NCS Pearson, Inc.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s et licences :<\/strong> L&rsquo;utilisation clinique ou pour la recherche requiert l&rsquo;acquisition de formulaires officiels ou de licences aupr\u00e8s de Pearson Clinical. L&rsquo;achat est restreint aux professionnels de sant\u00e9 qualifi\u00e9s (niveau de qualification B en psychom\u00e9trie : psychologues, psychiatres, chercheurs accr\u00e9dit\u00e9s). Des r\u00e9ductions tarifaires peuvent \u00eatre accord\u00e9es pour les projets de recherche acad\u00e9mique sur demande formelle de licence de recherche.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Boulet, J., &amp; Boss, M. W. (1991). Reliability and validity of the Brief Symptom Inventory. <em>British Journal of Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 30(4), 359-361. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00958.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00958.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Derogatis, L. R. (1993). <em>BSI Brief Symptom Inventory: Administration, scoring, and procedures manual<\/em> (4th ed.). NCS Pearson.<\/li>\n<li>Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Rickels, K., Uhlenhuth, E. H., &amp; Covi, L. (1974). The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): A self-report symptom inventory. <em>Behavioral Science<\/em>, 19(1), 1-15. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bs.3830190102\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bs.3830190102<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Derogatis, L. R., &amp; Melisaratos, N. (1983). The Brief Symptom Inventory: An introductory report. <em>Psychological Medicine<\/em>, 13(3), 595-605. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291700048017\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291700048017<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Franke, G. H. (2000). <em>Brief Symptom Inventory von LR Derogatis (Kurzform der SCL-90-R)-Deutsche Version<\/em>. Beltz Test GmbH.<\/li>\n<li>Morlan, K. K., &amp; Tan, S. Y. (1998). Comparison of the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Symptom Checklist-90-R. <em>Journal of Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 54(7), 885-894. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1097-4679(199811)54:7&lt;885::aid-jclp3&gt;3.0.co;2-m\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1097-4679(199811)54:7&lt;885::aid-jclp3&gt;3.0.co;2-m<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Parloff, M. B., Kelman, H. C., &amp; Frank, J. D. (1954). Comfort, effectiveness, and self-awareness as criteria of improvement in psychotherapy. <em>The American Journal of Psychiatry<\/em>, 111(5), 343-352. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.111.5.343\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.111.5.343<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n  Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-family:sans-serif;\">\n<p><strong>Response Scale:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>5-point rating scale: 0 = Not at all, 1 = A little bit, 2 = Moderately, 3 = Quite a bit, 4 = Extremely<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Nervousness or shakiness inside<\/li>\n<li>Faintness or dizziness<\/li>\n<li>The idea that someone else can control your thoughts<\/li>\n<li>Feeling others are to blame for most of your troubles<\/li>\n<li>Trouble remembering things<\/li>\n<li>Feeling easily annoyed or irritated<\/li>\n<li>Pains in heart or chest<\/li>\n<li>Feeling afraid in open spaces or on the streets<\/li>\n<li>Thoughts of ending your life<\/li>\n<li>Feeling that most people cannot be trusted<\/li>\n<li>Poor appetite<\/li>\n<li>Suddenly scared for no reason<\/li>\n<li>Temper outbursts that you could not control<\/li>\n<li>Feeling lonely even when you are with people<\/li>\n<li>Feeling blocked in getting things done<\/li>\n<li>Feeling lonely<\/li>\n<li>Feeling blue<\/li>\n<li>Feeling no interest in things<\/li>\n<li>Feeling fearful<\/li>\n<li>Your feelings being easily hurt<\/li>\n<li>Feeling that people are unfriendly or that they dislike you<\/li>\n<li>Feeling inferior to others<\/li>\n<li>Nausea or upset stomach<\/li>\n<li>Feeling that you are watched or talked about by others<\/li>\n<li>Trouble falling asleep<\/li>\n<li>Having to check and double-check what you do<\/li>\n<li>Difficulty making decisions<\/li>\n<li>Feeling afraid to travel on buses, subways, or trains<\/li>\n<li>Trouble getting your breath<\/li>\n<li>Hot or cold spells<\/li>\n<li>Having to avoid certain things, places, or activities because they frighten you<\/li>\n<li>Your mind going blank<\/li>\n<li>Numbness or tingling in parts of your body<\/li>\n<li>The idea that you should be punished for your sins<\/li>\n<li>Feeling hopeless about the future<\/li>\n<li>Trouble concentrating<\/li>\n<li>Feeling weak in parts of your body<\/li>\n<li>Feeling tense or keyed up<\/li>\n<li>Thoughts of death or dying<\/li>\n<li>Having urges to beat, injure, or harm someone<\/li>\n<li>Having urges to break or smash things<\/li>\n<li>Feeling very self-conscious with others<\/li>\n<li>Feeling uneasy in crowds, such as shopping or at a movie<\/li>\n<li>Never feeling close to another person<\/li>\n<li>Spells of terror or panic<\/li>\n<li>Getting into frequent arguments<\/li>\n<li>Feeling nervous when you are left alone<\/li>\n<li>Others not giving you proper credit for your achievements<\/li>\n<li>Feeling so restless you couldn&rsquo;t sit still<\/li>\n<li>Feelings of worthlessness<\/li>\n<li>Feeling that people will take advantage of you if you let them<\/li>\n<li>Feelings of guilt<\/li>\n<li>The idea that something is wrong with your mind<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9couvrez une analyse acad\u00e9mique et psychom\u00e9trique compl\u00e8te du Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) de Leonard R. Derogatis : dimensions symptomatiques, validit\u00e9, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 et items officiels.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[408,2,859],"tags":[1756,1757,1758,815,1441,1760,194,16,1759],"class_list":["post-622","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-cliniques","category-psychometrie","category-psychopathologie","tag-brief-symptom-inventory","tag-bsi","tag-derogatis","tag-detresse-psychologique","tag-echelle-danxiete","tag-echelle-de-depression","tag-evaluation-clinique","tag-psychometrie","tag-scl-90-r"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/622","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=622"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/622\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=622"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=622"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=622"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}