{"id":542,"date":"2026-09-04T10:19:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T10:19:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/quotient-d-empathie-eq\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T10:19:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T10:19:32","slug":"quotient-d-empathie-eq","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=quotient-d-empathie-eq","title":{"rendered":"Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie (EQ)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie<\/strong> (<em>Empathy Quotient<\/em>, <strong>EQ<\/strong>) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique auto-rapport\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par le professeur <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simon_Baron-Cohen\">Simon Baron-Cohen<\/a> et Sally Wheelwright en 2004 au sein de l&rsquo;<em>Autism Research Centre<\/em> de l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universit%C3%A9_de_Cambridge\">Universit\u00e9 de Cambridge<\/a>. Con\u00e7u initialement pour \u00e9valuer et quantifier les capacit\u00e9s d&#8217;empathie chez les adultes neurotypiques ainsi que chez les individus pr\u00e9sentant des troubles du spectre de l&rsquo;autisme (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Troubles_du_spectre_de_l%27autisme\">TSA<\/a>) ou un syndrome d&rsquo;Asperger, cet outil s&rsquo;est impos\u00e9 comme une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence incontournable en psychologie clinique, en psychopathologie cognitive et en neurosciences sociales.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle compl\u00e8te comprend 60 items, dont 40 items cibles mesurant sp\u00e9cifiquement les diff\u00e9rentes composantes de l&#8217;empathie et 20 items de remplissage (<em>filler items<\/em>) destin\u00e9s \u00e0 neutraliser les biais de r\u00e9ponse et la d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale. Les r\u00e9pondants se positionnent sur une \u00e9chelle de Likert \u00e0 4 points allant de \u00ab tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord \u00bb (<em>definitely agree<\/em>) \u00e0 \u00ab pas du tout d&rsquo;accord \u00bb (<em>definitely disagree<\/em>). Le syst\u00e8me de cotation attribue 1 ou 2 points selon l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ponse empathique (les r\u00e9ponses non empathiques obtenant 0 point), g\u00e9n\u00e9rant un score global continu s&rsquo;\u00e9tendant de 0 \u00e0 80.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, le Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie pr\u00e9sente une excellente coh\u00e9rence interne (coefficient <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compris entre 0,85 et 0,92 selon les populations \u00e9tudi\u00e9es) et une remarquable stabilit\u00e9 temporelle test-retest (r &gt; 0,83 \u00e0 un an d&rsquo;intervalle). Les analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires men\u00e9es par des \u00e9quipes ind\u00e9pendantes ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 une structure sous-jacente robuste comprenant trois dimensions principales : l&rsquo;<strong>empathie cognitive<\/strong> (capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 identifier et comprendre les \u00e9tats mentaux d&rsquo;autrui), la <strong>r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle<\/strong> (r\u00e9ponse affective congruente face aux \u00e9motions d&rsquo;autrui) et les <strong>comp\u00e9tences sociales<\/strong> (facilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;ajustement comportemental en situation d&rsquo;interaction).<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie, Empathy Quotient, Baron-Cohen, empathie cognitive, empathie affective, r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle, comp\u00e9tences sociales, th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;esprit, troubles du spectre de l&rsquo;autisme, psychom\u00e9trie, \u00e9valuation psychologique, cognition sociale.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle du Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue et valid\u00e9e par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Simon Baron-Cohen, FBA, FMedSci<\/strong> : Professeur de psychopathologie du d\u00e9veloppement au D\u00e9partement de psychiatrie de l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universit%C3%A9_de_Cambridge\">Universit\u00e9 de Cambridge<\/a>, Directeur de l&rsquo;<em>Autism Research Centre<\/em> (ARC) et Fellow du Trinity College, Cambridge, Royaume-Uni.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sally Wheelwright, M.Phil.<\/strong> : Chercheuse associ\u00e9e et statisticienne \u00e0 l&rsquo;<em>Autism Research Centre<\/em>, D\u00e9partement de psychiatrie, Universit\u00e9 de Cambridge, Royaume-Uni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif et Justification<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement du Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie (EQ) r\u00e9pond \u00e0 un double objectif scientifique et clinique fondamental dans l&rsquo;histoire de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_sociale\">psychologie sociale<\/a> et cognitive. D&rsquo;une part, il visait \u00e0 combler un manque m\u00e9thodologique majeur : les \u00e9chelles d&#8217;empathie existantes au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000, telles que l&rsquo;<em>Interpersonal Reactivity Index<\/em> (IRI) de Davis (1980) ou l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de Mehrabian et Epstein (1972), \u00e9taient souvent critiqu\u00e9es pour leur conceptualisation trop large incluant des dimensions non purement empathiques (comme la d\u00e9tresse personnelle \u00e9gocentr\u00e9e ou l&rsquo;imagination) et pour leur manque de sensibilit\u00e9 vis-\u00e0-vis des profils neurod\u00e9veloppementaux atypiques.<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;autre part, l&rsquo;EQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 pour op\u00e9rationnaliser la dimension d&rsquo;\u00ab empathisation \u00bb (<em>Empathizing<\/em>, E) au sein de la th\u00e9orie Empathisation-Syst\u00e9misation (<em>Empathizing-Systemizing Theory<\/em>, E-S) formul\u00e9e par Simon Baron-Cohen. Cette th\u00e9orie postule que les diff\u00e9rences individuelles dans l&rsquo;esprit humain s&rsquo;articulent autour de deux pulsions cognitives fondamentales :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La propension \u00e0 identifier les \u00e9motions et les pens\u00e9es d&rsquo;autrui afin de pr\u00e9dire son comportement et d&rsquo;y r\u00e9pondre par une \u00e9motion appropri\u00e9e (Empathisation).<\/li>\n<li>La propension \u00e0 analyser, construire et comprendre des syst\u00e8mes r\u00e9gis par des r\u00e8gles sous-jacentes (Syst\u00e9misation, mesur\u00e9e par le <em>Systemizing Quotient<\/em> ou SQ).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En contexte clinique, le Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie permet de quantifier le degr\u00e9 de diminution ou d&rsquo;alt\u00e9ration des processus empathiques chez les personnes consultant pour un bilan diagnostique de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syndrome_d%27Asperger\">syndrome d&rsquo;Asperger<\/a> ou d&rsquo;autisme sans d\u00e9ficience intellectuelle. Les donn\u00e9es empiriques d\u00e9montrent qu&rsquo;un score inf\u00e9rieur ou \u00e9gal \u00e0 30 sur 80 constitue un point de coupure clinique particuli\u00e8rement discriminant, retrouv\u00e9 chez plus de 80 % des adultes avec autisme, contre un pourcentage tr\u00e8s faible dans la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale neurotypique.<\/p>\n<p>Au-del\u00e0 de la clinique du spectre autistique, l&rsquo;EQ est largement utilis\u00e9 en recherche fondamentale en neurosciences cognitives pour explorer les corr\u00e9lats neurobiologiques de l&#8217;empathie (connectivit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau du mode par d\u00e9faut, activit\u00e9 des neurones miroirs, morphom\u00e9trie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale de l&rsquo;insula et du cortex cingulaire ant\u00e9rieur), en criminologie clinique (\u00e9tude de la psychopathie et des troubles de la personnalit\u00e9 antisociale), ainsi qu&rsquo;en psychologie organisationnelle et diff\u00e9rentielle pour \u00e9tudier les styles cognitifs et les dynamiques interpersonnelles au travail.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique<\/h2>\n<p>L&#8217;empathie est d\u00e9finie par Baron-Cohen et Wheelwright (2004) comme un construit multidimensionnel unifi\u00e9 englobant \u00e0 la fois des processus d&rsquo;attribution cognitive et des r\u00e9sonances affectives appropri\u00e9es. L&rsquo;EQ capture l&#8217;empathie non pas comme un simple concept moral ou une disposition bienveillante, mais comme un m\u00e9canisme neurocognitif permettant la synchronisation sociale.<\/p>\n<h3>1. L&rsquo;Empathie Cognitive (<em>Cognitive Empathy<\/em> \/ <em>Theory of Mind<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension renvoie \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;adopter la perspective psychologique d&rsquo;autrui (<em>perspective-taking<\/em>), de d\u00e9coder ses signaux verbaux et non verbaux (expressions faciales, micro-mouvements, prosodie vocale), et d&rsquo;inf\u00e9rer avec pr\u00e9cision ses \u00e9tats mentaux, croyances, intentions et motivations. L&#8217;empathie cognitive permet de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la question : <em>\u00ab Qu&rsquo;est-ce que l&rsquo;autre ressent ou pense actuellement ? \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Exemples d&rsquo;items illustrant cette dimension :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Item 22 : \u00ab I find it easy to put myself in somebody else&rsquo;s shoes. \u00bb (Facilit\u00e9 \u00e0 se mettre \u00e0 la place d&rsquo;autrui).<\/li>\n<li>Item 25 : \u00ab I am good at predicting how someone will feel. \u00bb (Capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 anticiper les \u00e9motions d&rsquo;autrui).<\/li>\n<li>Item 55 : \u00ab I can tell if someone is masking their true emotion. \u00bb (D\u00e9tection de la dissimulation \u00e9motionnelle).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. La R\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00c9motionnelle (<em>Emotional Reactivity<\/em> \/ <em>Affective Empathy<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante d\u00e9crit la tendance involontaire et visc\u00e9rale \u00e0 \u00e9prouver une r\u00e9ponse \u00e9motionnelle congruente face \u00e0 la situation affective observ\u00e9e chez autrui. Contrairement \u00e0 la contagion \u00e9motionnelle brute (qui g\u00e9n\u00e8re souvent une d\u00e9tresse personnelle paralysante), la r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle mesur\u00e9e par l&rsquo;EQ implique une r\u00e9sonance affective orient\u00e9e vers l&rsquo;autre, soutenant la compassion, l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat bienveillant et la sollicitude.<\/p>\n<p>Exemples d&rsquo;items illustrant cette dimension :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Item 38 : \u00ab It upsets me to see an animal in pain. \u00bb (Affectivit\u00e9 face \u00e0 la souffrance d&rsquo;un \u00eatre vivant).<\/li>\n<li>Item 42 : \u00ab I get upset if I see people suffering on news programmes. \u00bb (Sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9tresse d&rsquo;autrui m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e).<\/li>\n<li>Item 59 : \u00ab I tend to get emotionally involved with a friend&rsquo;s problems. \u00bb (Implication \u00e9motionnelle dans les difficult\u00e9s d&rsquo;un proche).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. Les Comp\u00e9tences Sociales et l&rsquo;Intuition Relationnelle (<em>Social Skills<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Identifi\u00e9e par les analyses factorielles ult\u00e9rieures (Lawrence et al., 2004 ; Allison et al., 2011), cette sous-dimension mesure l&rsquo;aptitude spontan\u00e9e \u00e0 naviguer dans les interactions sociales quotidiennes sans recourir \u00e0 un d\u00e9codage laborieux ou syst\u00e9matique bas\u00e9 sur des r\u00e8gles explicites. Elle refl\u00e8te la fluidit\u00e9 relationnelle, la sensibilit\u00e9 au tact et l&rsquo;\u00e9vitement des faux pas sociaux.<\/p>\n<p>Exemples d&rsquo;items illustrant cette dimension :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Item 1 : \u00ab I can easily tell if someone else wants to enter a conversation. \u00bb (Lecture spontan\u00e9e des dynamiques conversationnelles).<\/li>\n<li>Item 26 : \u00ab I am quick to spot when someone in a group is feeling awkward or uncomfortable. \u00bb (Perception imm\u00e9diate de l&#8217;embarras d&rsquo;autrui).<\/li>\n<li>Item 34 (invers\u00e9) : \u00ab I am very blunt, which some people take to be rudeness, even though this is unintentional. \u00bb (Tendance au franc-parler non intentionnellement blessant).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\n<p>Le Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie repose sur un cadre th\u00e9orique solide ancr\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;intersection de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_du_d%C3%A9veloppement\">psychologie du d\u00e9veloppement<\/a>, de la neurobiologie \u00e9volutionniste et des mod\u00e8les cognitifs de l&rsquo;autisme.<\/p>\n<h3>La Th\u00e9orie Empathisation-Syst\u00e9misation (E-S)<\/h3>\n<p>Formul\u00e9e par Baron-Cohen (2002, 2003), la th\u00e9orie E-S propose que le profil cognitif individuel peut \u00eatre d\u00e9fini par la position relative du sujet sur deux axes orthogonaux : le quotient d&#8217;empathie (E) et le quotient de syst\u00e9misation (S). Cette mod\u00e9lisation d\u00e9passe la vision traditionnelle de l&rsquo;intelligence g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (facteur g) en s&rsquo;int\u00e9ressant aux styles cognitifs qualitatifs. Selon cette th\u00e9orie, cinq grands profils de cerveaux existent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type E (E &gt; S)<\/strong> : L&#8217;empathisation est significativement plus d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e que la syst\u00e9misation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type B (E = S)<\/strong> : Cerveau \u00e9quilibr\u00e9 (<em>Balanced<\/em>), o\u00f9 les deux aptitudes sont d&rsquo;un niveau comparable.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type S (S &gt; E)<\/strong> : La syst\u00e9misation est pr\u00e9dominante par rapport \u00e0 l&#8217;empathisation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type E extr\u00eame (E &gt;&gt; S)<\/strong> : Tr\u00e8s forte empathisation coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 une tr\u00e8s faible syst\u00e9misation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type S extr\u00eame (S &gt;&gt; E)<\/strong> : Tr\u00e8s forte syst\u00e9misation coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 une empathisation d\u00e9ficitaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>La Th\u00e9orie du Cerveau Masculin Extr\u00eame de l&rsquo;Autisme (<em>Extreme Male Brain Theory<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale neurotypique, les \u00e9tudes normatives r\u00e9v\u00e8lent de mani\u00e8re constante un dimorphisme sexuel : en moyenne statistique, les femmes obtiennent des scores significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;EQ que les hommes, tandis que les hommes obtiennent des scores sup\u00e9rieurs au SQ. La th\u00e9orie du \u00ab Cerveau Masculin Extr\u00eame \u00bb (Baron-Cohen, 2002) postule que les personnes autistes pr\u00e9sentent une exag\u00e9ration des traits psychologiques et cognitifs typiquement masculins (hyper-syst\u00e9misation et hypo-empathisation), potentiellement modul\u00e9e par l&rsquo;exposition pr\u00e9natale aux androg\u00e8nes (notamment la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Testost%C3%A9rone\">testost\u00e9rone f\u0153tale<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h3>L&rsquo;Int\u00e9gration de la Th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;Esprit<\/h3>\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le int\u00e8gre \u00e9galement les travaux pionniers sur la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9orie_de_l%27esprit\">th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;esprit<\/a> (Premack &amp; Woodruff, 1978 ; Baron-Cohen, Leslie &amp; Frith, 1985). Alors que les tests de fausses croyances \u00e9valuent le seuil d\u00e9veloppemental d&rsquo;acquisition de la th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;esprit chez l&rsquo;enfant, l&rsquo;EQ mesure l&rsquo;efficience, la rapidit\u00e9 et la spontan\u00e9it\u00e9 avec laquelle l&rsquo;adulte applique ces repr\u00e9sentations mentalistes dans la vie quotidienne.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques : Validit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 du Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie a fait l&rsquo;objet de nombreuses investigations empiriques \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle internationale sur des \u00e9chantillons cliniques et normatifs.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de Construit et Structure Interne<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de Baron-Cohen et Wheelwright (2004) portant sur un groupe d&rsquo;adultes avec syndrome d&rsquo;Asperger ou autisme de haut niveau (n = 90) compar\u00e9 \u00e0 un groupe t\u00e9moin de la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (n = 197), les r\u00e9sultats ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 une validit\u00e9 de construit remarquable :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La moyenne du score \u00e0 l&rsquo;EQ dans le groupe autiste \u00e9tait de <strong>20,4 (ET = 9,3)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>La moyenne dans le groupe t\u00e9moin masculin \u00e9tait de <strong>41,8 (ET = 11,2)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>La moyenne dans le groupe t\u00e9moin f\u00e9minin \u00e9tait de <strong>47,2 (ET = 10,2)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces diff\u00e9rences sont hautement significatives (p &lt; 0,0001), confirmant \u00e0 la fois la sensibilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument aux d\u00e9ficits socio-communicatifs de l&rsquo;autisme et la reproductibilit\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rences inter-sexes dans la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 Convergente et Concurrente<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;EQ pr\u00e9sente des corr\u00e9lations positives mod\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 fortes avec d&rsquo;autres mesures standardis\u00e9es de la cognition sociale :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Corr\u00e9lation positive significative avec le test de lecture de l&rsquo;esprit dans les yeux (<em>Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test<\/em>, RMET ; r = 0,35 \u00e0 0,48, p &lt; 0,001).<\/li>\n<li>Corr\u00e9lation positive avec les sous-\u00e9chelles \u00ab Prise de perspective \u00bb et \u00ab Pr\u00e9occupation empathique \u00bb de l&rsquo;<em>Interpersonal Reactivity Index<\/em> (IRI ; r = 0,55 \u00e0 0,68).<\/li>\n<li>Corr\u00e9lation n\u00e9gative robuste avec le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Autism_Spectrum_Quotient\">Quotient du Spectre de l&rsquo;Autisme<\/a> (AQ ; r = -0,56 \u00e0 -0,67), d\u00e9montrant qu&rsquo;une intensit\u00e9 accrue des traits autistiques s&rsquo;accompagne syst\u00e9matiquement d&rsquo;un score d&#8217;empathie plus faible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 Discriminante et Pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;EQ discrimine parfaitement les personnes avec TSA des individus souffrant d&rsquo;autres troubles psychiatriques comme le trouble d\u00e9pressif majeur ou les troubles anxieux, chez qui les comp\u00e9tences d&#8217;empathie cognitive restent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pr\u00e9serv\u00e9es. Les analyses par courbes ROC (<em>Receiver Operating Characteristic<\/em>) indiquent une aire sous la courbe (AUC) sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0,91 pour le diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel de l&rsquo;autisme \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge adulte, confirmant une excellente valeur pr\u00e9dictive clinique au seuil de 30\/80.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques : Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie \u00e0 travers plusieurs indicateurs statistiques rigoureux.<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence Interne<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon initial de standardisation (Baron-Cohen &amp; Wheelwright, 2004), le coefficient <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> pour l&rsquo;ensemble des 40 items d&#8217;empathie atteignait <strong>0,92<\/strong>, t\u00e9moignant d&rsquo;une tr\u00e8s haute homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des items. Les r\u00e9plications internationales ont syst\u00e9matiquement retrouv\u00e9 des coefficients d&rsquo;alpha \u00e9lev\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Version fran\u00e7aise valid\u00e9e par Berthoz et al. (2008) : \u03b1 = 0,89.<\/li>\n<li>Version italienne (Preti et al., 2011) : \u03b1 = 0,87.<\/li>\n<li>Version japonaise (Wakabayashi et al., 2007) : \u03b1 = 0,88.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 Test-Retest<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle sur un sous-\u00e9chantillon d&rsquo;adultes r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 un intervalle moyen de 12 mois a produit un coefficient de corr\u00e9lation intra-classe (ICC) et un r de Pearson de <strong>0,84<\/strong> (Baron-Cohen &amp; Wheelwright, 2004). Sur un intervalle court de 4 \u00e0 8 semaines (Lawrence et al., 2004), la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest atteint r = <strong>0,90<\/strong>, confirmant que le score \u00e0 l&rsquo;EQ mesure un trait dispositionnel stable et durable plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;un \u00e9tat \u00e9motionnel transitoire.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle<\/h2>\n<p>Bien que Baron-Cohen et Wheelwright (2004) aient initialement con\u00e7u l&rsquo;EQ comme un instrument unidimensionnel mesurant une disposition g\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u00e0 l&#8217;empathie, des \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques approfondies ont affin\u00e9 la compr\u00e9hension de sa structure latente.<\/p>\n<h3>Le Mod\u00e8le \u00e0 Trois Facteurs de Lawrence et al. (2004)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE) puis confirmatoire (AFC) men\u00e9e par Lawrence et ses collaborateurs (2004) sur un large \u00e9chantillon de 405 participants a mis en \u00e9vidence une solution \u00e0 <strong>trois facteurs<\/strong> principaux expliquant une part majeure de la variance totale :<\/p>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> Please read each statement carefully and rate how strongly you agree or disagree with it by ticking one option per question. There are no right or wrong answers, and no trick questions.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> 4-point Likert-type scale: &#039;definitely agree&#039;, &#039;slightly agree&#039;, &#039;slightly disagree&#039;, &#039;definitely disagree&#039;\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> The questionnaire contains 40 empathy items and 20 filler items. Empathy items scored positively (definitely agree = 2, slightly agree = 1, disagree = 0): 1, 6, 19, 22, 25, 26, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60. Empathy items scored reversely (definitely disagree = 2, slightly disagree = 1, agree = 0): 4, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34, 39, 46, 48, 49, 50, 56. Filler items (not scored): 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 30, 31, 33, 40, 45, 47, 51, 53. Maximum total score is 80.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can easily tell if someone else wants to enter a conversation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I prefer animals to humans.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to keep up with the current trends and fashions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it difficult to explain to others things that I understand easily, when they don&#039;t understand it first time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I dream most nights.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I really enjoy caring for other people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to solve my own problems rather than discussing them with others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it hard to know what to do in a social situation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am at my best first thing in the morning.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People often tell me that I went too far in driving my point home in a discussion.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It doesn&#039;t bother me too much if I am late meeting a friend.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Friendships and relationships are just too difficult, so I tend not to bother with them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would never break a law, no matter how minor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often find it difficult to judge if something is rude or polite.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In a conversation, I tend to focus on my own thoughts rather than on what my listener might be thinking.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I prefer practical jokes to verbal humour.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I live life for today, rather than the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I was a child, I used to enjoy cutting up worms to see what would happen.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can pick up quickly if someone says one thing but means another.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I tend to have very strong opinions about morality.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is hard for me to see why some things upset people so much.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it easy to put myself in somebody else&#039;s shoes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think that good manners are the most important thing a parent can teach their child.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to do things on the spur of the moment.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am good at predicting how someone will feel.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am quick to spot when someone in a group is feeling awkward or uncomfortable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I say something that someone else is offended by, I think that that&#039;s their problem, not mine.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If anyone asked me if I liked their haircut, I would reply truthfully, even if I didn&#039;t like it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can&#039;t always see why someone should have felt offended by a remark.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People often tell me that I am very unpredictable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy being the centre of attention in any social gathering.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Seeing people cry doesn&#039;t really upset me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy having discussions about politics.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am very blunt, which some people take to be rudeness, even though this is unintentional.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t tend to find social situations confusing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Other people tell me I am good at understanding how they are feeling and what they are thinking.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I talk to people, I tend to talk about their experiences rather than my own.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It upsets me to see an animal in pain.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to make decisions without being influenced by people&#039;s feelings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can&#039;t relax until I have done everything I had planned to do that day.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can easily tell if someone else is interested or bored with what I am saying.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get upset if I see people suffering on news programmes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Friends usually talk to me about their problems as they say that I am very understanding.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can sense if I am intruding, even if the other person doesn&#039;t tell me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often start new hobbies but quickly become bored with them and move on to something else.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People sometimes tell me that I have gone too far with teasing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be too nervous to go on a big rollercoaster.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Other people often say that I am insensitive, though I don&#039;t always see why.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I see a stranger in a group, I think that it is up to them to make an effort to join in.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually stay emotionally detached when watching a film.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to be very organised in day to day life and often make lists of the chores I have to do.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can tune into how someone else is feeling rapidly and intuitively.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t like to take risks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can easily work out what another person might want to talk about.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can tell if someone is masking their true emotion.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Before making a decision, I always weigh up the pros and cons.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t consciously work out the rules of social situations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am good at predicting what someone will do.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I tend to get emotionally involved with a friend&#039;s problems.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can usually appreciate the other person&#039;s viewpoint, even if I don&#039;t agree with it.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Les indices d&rsquo;ajustement de ce mod\u00e8le tri-factoriel se sont av\u00e9r\u00e9s tr\u00e8s satisfaisants lors de validations transculturelles ind\u00e9pendantes (CFI &gt; 0,93 ; RMSEA &lt; 0,05 ; SRMR &lt; 0,06), confirmant que l&rsquo;EQ capte ad\u00e9quatement les sous-composantes distinctes mais interd\u00e9pendantes du fonctionnement empathique.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure<\/h2>\n<p>Voici les caract\u00e9ristiques structurelles et les consignes d&rsquo;administration du questionnaire :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type de passation :<\/strong> Auto-questionnaire individuel (papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 60 items (40 items de score d&#8217;empathie + 20 items de remplissage).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format des r\u00e9ponses :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert \u00e0 4 points obligatoires : <em>definitely agree<\/em> (tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord), <em>slightly agree<\/em> (plut\u00f4t d&rsquo;accord), <em>slightly disagree<\/em> (plut\u00f4t pas d&rsquo;accord), <em>definitely disagree<\/em> (pas du tout d&rsquo;accord).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps de passation :<\/strong> Environ 10 \u00e0 15 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e8gles de cotation :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Items positifs (cot\u00e9s 1 ou 2 selon l&rsquo;accord) :<\/strong> Items 1, 6, 19, 22, 25, 26, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60.<br \/>\n      <em>Cotation :<\/em> \u00ab definitely agree \u00bb = 2 points, \u00ab slightly agree \u00bb = 1 point, \u00ab slightly disagree \u00bb = 0 point, \u00ab definitely disagree \u00bb = 0 point.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Items invers\u00e9s (cot\u00e9s 1 ou 2 selon le d\u00e9saccord) :<\/strong> Items 4, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34, 39, 46, 48, 49, 50, 56.<br \/>\n      <em>Cotation :<\/em> \u00ab definitely disagree \u00bb = 2 points, \u00ab slightly disagree \u00bb = 1 point, \u00ab slightly agree \u00bb = 0 point, \u00ab definitely agree \u00bb = 0 point.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Items de remplissage \/ distracteurs (non comptabilis\u00e9s) :<\/strong> Items 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 30, 31, 33, 40, 45, 47, 51, 53.<br \/>\n      <em>Cotation :<\/em> 0 point quel que soit le choix de r\u00e9ponse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score total :<\/strong> Varie de 0 \u00e0 80 points.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interpr\u00e9tation des scores :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>0 \u2013 30 points :<\/strong> Empathie significativement inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne. Zone caract\u00e9ristique retrouv\u00e9e chez la majorit\u00e9 des adultes avec un diagnostic de syndrome d&rsquo;Asperger ou de TSA.<\/li>\n<li><strong>31 \u2013 44 points :<\/strong> Empathie dans la moyenne basse \u00e0 moyenne standard (profil fr\u00e9quemment observ\u00e9 chez les hommes neurotypiques).<\/li>\n<li><strong>45 \u2013 52 points :<\/strong> Empathie dans la moyenne haute (profil fr\u00e9quemment observ\u00e9 chez les femmes neurotypiques).<\/li>\n<li><strong>53 \u2013 80 points :<\/strong> Empathie sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la moyenne, t\u00e9moignant d&rsquo;une tr\u00e8s forte sensibilit\u00e9 interpersonnelle et r\u00e9sonance \u00e9motionnelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 2004.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits et accessibilit\u00e9 :<\/strong> Le questionnaire du Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie est mis \u00e0 disposition gratuitement pour la recherche clinique, acad\u00e9mique et l&rsquo;usage m\u00e9dical par l&rsquo;<em>Autism Research Centre<\/em> (ARC) de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Cambridge.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarif :<\/strong> Gratuit pour un usage scientifique et clinique non commercial (<em>Open Access<\/em> acad\u00e9mique). Les tests et leurs cl\u00e9s de cotation peuvent \u00eatre t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9s librement sur le portail officiel de l&rsquo;ARC.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Licence :<\/strong> Utilisation soumise \u00e0 la citation appropri\u00e9e de l&rsquo;article princeps de Baron-Cohen &amp; Wheelwright (2004). Toute utilisation commerciale ou int\u00e9gration dans des logiciels payants n\u00e9cessite l&rsquo;accord explicite des d\u00e9tenteurs des droits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Allison, C., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S. J., Stone, M. H., &amp; Gheorghiu, A. I. (2011). The Empathy Quotient: A short form (EQ-Short). <em>Molecular Autism<\/em>, 2(1), 19. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2040-2392-2-19\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2040-2392-2-19<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Baron-Cohen, S. (2002). The extreme male brain theory of autism. <em>Trends in Cognitive Sciences<\/em>, 6(6), 248\u2013254. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)01904-6\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)01904-6<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., &amp; Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a \u201ctheory of mind\u201d?. <em>Cognition<\/em>, 21(1), 37\u201346. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0277(85)90022-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0277(85)90022-8<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Baron-Cohen, S., &amp; Wheelwright, S. (2004). The Empathy Quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. <em>Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders<\/em>, 34(2), 163\u2013175. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Berthoz, S., Wessa, M., Kedia, G., Wicker, B., &amp; Gr\u00e9zes, J. (2008). Cross-cultural validation of the Empathy Quotient in a French-speaking sample. <em>Canadian Journal of Psychiatry<\/em>, 53(7), 469\u2013477. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674370805300712\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674370805300712<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Davis, M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. <em>JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology<\/em>, 10, 85.<\/li>\n<li>Lawrence, E. J., Shaw, P., Baker, D., Baron-Cohen, S., &amp; David, A. S. (2004). Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient. <em>Psychological Medicine<\/em>, 34(5), 911\u2013920. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291703001624\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291703001624<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Preti, A., Vellante, M., Baron-Cohen, S., Zucca, G., Petretto, D. R., &amp; Masala, C. (2011). The Empathy Quotient: A validity study by Italian translation. <em>European Journal of Psychological Assessment<\/em>, 27(1), 50\u201360. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000049\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000049<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wakabayashi, A., Baron-Cohen, S., Uchiyama, T., Yoshida, Y., Kuroda, M., &amp; Wheelwright, S. (2007). Empathizing and systemizing in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions: Cross-cultural stability. <em>Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders<\/em>, 37(10), 1823\u20131832. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1003\/s10803-006-0316-6\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1003\/s10803-006-0316-6<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n  Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-family:sans-serif; padding:20px;\">\n<p><strong>Response scale:<\/strong> 4-point Likert-type scale: &lsquo;definitely agree&rsquo;, &lsquo;slightly agree&rsquo;, &lsquo;slightly disagree&rsquo;, &lsquo;definitely disagree&rsquo;<\/p>\n<ol style=\"line-height: 1.8;\">\n<li>I can easily tell if someone else wants to enter a conversation.<\/li>\n<li>I prefer animals to humans.<\/li>\n<li>I try to keep up with the current trends and fashions.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to explain to others things that I understand easily, when they don&rsquo;t understand it first time.<\/li>\n<li>I dream most nights.<\/li>\n<li>I really enjoy caring for other people.<\/li>\n<li>I try to solve my own problems rather than discussing them with others.<\/li>\n<li>I find it hard to know what to do in a social situation.<\/li>\n<li>I am at my best first thing in the morning.<\/li>\n<li>People often tell me that I went too far in driving my point home in a discussion.<\/li>\n<li>It doesn&rsquo;t bother me too much if I am late meeting a friend.<\/li>\n<li>Friendships and relationships are just too difficult, so I tend not to bother with them.<\/li>\n<li>I would never break a law, no matter how minor.<\/li>\n<li>I often find it difficult to judge if something is rude or polite.<\/li>\n<li>In a conversation, I tend to focus on my own thoughts rather than on what my listener might be thinking.<\/li>\n<li>I prefer practical jokes to verbal humour.<\/li>\n<li>I live life for today, rather than the future.<\/li>\n<li>When I was a child, I used to enjoy cutting up worms to see what would happen.<\/li>\n<li>I can pick up quickly if someone says one thing but means another.<\/li>\n<li>I tend to have very strong opinions about morality.<\/li>\n<li>It is hard for me to see why some things upset people so much.<\/li>\n<li>I find it easy to put myself in somebody else&rsquo;s shoes.<\/li>\n<li>I think that good manners are the most important thing a parent can teach their child.<\/li>\n<li>I like to do things on the spur of the moment.<\/li>\n<li>I am good at predicting how someone will feel.<\/li>\n<li>I am quick to spot when someone in a group is feeling awkward or uncomfortable.<\/li>\n<li>If I say something that someone else is offended by, I think that that&rsquo;s their problem, not mine.<\/li>\n<li>If anyone asked me if I liked their haircut, I would reply truthfully, even if I didn&rsquo;t like it.<\/li>\n<li>I can&rsquo;t always see why someone should have felt offended by a remark.<\/li>\n<li>People often tell me that I am very unpredictable.<\/li>\n<li>I enjoy being the centre of attention in any social gathering.<\/li>\n<li>Seeing people cry doesn&rsquo;t really upset me.<\/li>\n<li>I enjoy having discussions about politics.<\/li>\n<li>I am very blunt, which some people take to be rudeness, even though this is unintentional.<\/li>\n<li>I don&rsquo;t tend to find social situations confusing.<\/li>\n<li>Other people tell me I am good at understanding how they are feeling and what they are thinking.<\/li>\n<li>When I talk to people, I tend to talk about their experiences rather than my own.<\/li>\n<li>It upsets me to see an animal in pain.<\/li>\n<li>I am able to make decisions without being influenced by people&rsquo;s feelings.<\/li>\n<li>I can&rsquo;t relax until I have done everything I had planned to do that day.<\/li>\n<li>I can easily tell if someone else is interested or bored with what I am saying.<\/li>\n<li>I get upset if I see people suffering on news programmes.<\/li>\n<li>Friends usually talk to me about their problems as they say that I am very understanding.<\/li>\n<li>I can sense if I am intruding, even if the other person doesn&rsquo;t tell me.<\/li>\n<li>I often start new hobbies but quickly become bored with them and move on to something else.<\/li>\n<li>People sometimes tell me that I have gone too far with teasing.<\/li>\n<li>I would be too nervous to go on a big rollercoaster.<\/li>\n<li>Other people often say that I am insensitive, though I don&rsquo;t always see why.<\/li>\n<li>If I see a stranger in a group, I think that it is up to them to make an effort to join in.<\/li>\n<li>I usually stay emotionally detached when watching a film.<\/li>\n<li>I like to be very organised in day to day life and often make lists of the chores I have to do.<\/li>\n<li>I can tune into how someone else is feeling rapidly and intuitively.<\/li>\n<li>I don&rsquo;t like to take risks.<\/li>\n<li>I can easily work out what another person might want to talk about.<\/li>\n<li>I can tell if someone is masking their true emotion.<\/li>\n<li>Before making a decision, I always weigh up the pros and cons.<\/li>\n<li>I don&rsquo;t consciously work out the rules of social situations.<\/li>\n<li>I am good at predicting what someone will do.<\/li>\n<li>I tend to get emotionally involved with a friend&rsquo;s problems.<\/li>\n<li>I can usually appreciate the other person&rsquo;s viewpoint, even if I don&rsquo;t agree with it.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie (EQ) est une \u00e9chelle psychom\u00e9trique de 60 items cr\u00e9\u00e9e par Simon Baron-Cohen et Sally Wheelwright pour \u00e9valuer les capacit\u00e9s d&#8217;empathie cognitive et affective chez l&rsquo;adulte, particuli\u00e8rement sensible au diagnostic des troubles du spectre de l&rsquo;autisme.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[1389,1390,1003],"tags":[1384,1392,15,1391,16,1381,1385],"class_list":["post-542","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-dempathie","category-evaluation-de-lautisme","category-psychometrie-clinique","tag-autisme","tag-baron-cohen","tag-empathie","tag-eq","tag-psychometrie","tag-quotient-dempathie","tag-theorie-de-lesprit"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/542","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=542"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/542\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}