{"id":505,"date":"2026-09-04T10:00:49","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T10:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/echelle-anxiete-sociale-liebowitz-lsas-sr\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T10:00:49","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T10:00:49","slug":"echelle-anxiete-sociale-liebowitz-lsas-sr","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=echelle-anxiete-sociale-liebowitz-lsas-sr","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale de Liebowitz (LSAS-SR)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale de Liebowitz en auto-\u00e9valuation<\/strong> (<em>Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale &#8211; Self-Report<\/em>, LSAS-SR) constitue l&rsquo;un des instruments psychom\u00e9triques les plus rigoureux, \u00e9prouv\u00e9s et universellement employ\u00e9s pour le d\u00e9pistage, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et la mesure de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 th\u00e9rapeutique du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trouble_anxi%C3%A9t%C3%A9_sociale\">trouble d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale<\/a> (TAS) ou phobie sociale. Con\u00e7ue initialement sous format h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-\u00e9valu\u00e9 par le psychiatre Michael R. Liebowitz en 1987, puis valid\u00e9e en format auto-rapport\u00e9 par Fresco et ses collaborateurs (2001), cette \u00e9chelle examine de fa\u00e7on multidimensionnelle 24 situations sociales et de performance distinctes.<\/p>\n<p>La particularit\u00e9 structurelle de la LSAS-SR r\u00e9side dans sa double cotation syst\u00e9matique pour chaque situation : le sujet \u00e9value d&rsquo;une part l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 de la <strong>peur ou anxi\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong> ressentie (sur une \u00e9chelle ordinale de Likert \u00e0 4 points allant de 0 = Aucune \u00e0 3 = S\u00e9v\u00e8re) et, d&rsquo;autre part, la fr\u00e9quence d&rsquo;<strong>\u00e9vitement comportemental<\/strong> de ladite situation (sur une \u00e9chelle \u00e0 4 points allant de 0 = Jamais [0%] \u00e0 3 = Habituellement [67-100%]). L&rsquo;instrument g\u00e9n\u00e8re ainsi un score global (pouvant varier de 0 \u00e0 144) ainsi que plusieurs sous-scores : Peur totale (0-72), \u00c9vitement total (0-72), Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;interaction sociale, \u00c9vitement d&rsquo;interaction sociale, Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de performance et \u00c9vitement de performance.<\/p>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques de la LSAS-SR sont remarquables : elle pr\u00e9sente une coh\u00e9rence interne exceptionnellement \u00e9lev\u00e9e (coefficients <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> oscillant typiquement entre 0,90 et 0,96 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle globale et ses sous-\u00e9chelles), une excellente fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest, ainsi qu&rsquo;une sensibilit\u00e9 av\u00e9r\u00e9e au changement clinique dans le cadre des essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s \u00e9valuant les <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9rapie_cognitivo-comportementale\">th\u00e9rapies cognitivo-comportementales<\/a> (TCC) et les agents pharmacologiques (comme les ISRS).<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale, phobie sociale, LSAS-SR, \u00e9chelle de Liebowitz, psychom\u00e9trie, \u00e9valuation clinique, \u00e9vitement comportemental, anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de performance, interactions sociales, th\u00e9rapie cognitivo-comportementale.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle clinique originale a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Michael R. Liebowitz, M.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychiatrie clinique \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Columbia (Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons) et directeur de la Anxiety Disorders Clinic au New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La version auto-\u00e9valu\u00e9e (LSAS-SR) a \u00e9t\u00e9 formalis\u00e9e, valid\u00e9e et compar\u00e9e \u00e0 la version h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-rapport\u00e9e par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs de premier plan en psychom\u00e9trie et psychopathologie de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>David M. Fresco, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 D\u00e9partement de psychologie, Kent State University &amp; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Meredith E. Coles, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Richard G. Heimberg, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple University, Temple University, Philadelphie, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Michael B. Stein, M.D., MPH<\/strong> \u2014 Department of Psychiatry and Family Medicine &amp; Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Donald Goetz, M.S.<\/strong> \u2014 New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sue Hami, M.A.<\/strong> \u2014 Temple University, Philadelphie, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif premier de la <em>Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale<\/em> est de fournir une quantification pr\u00e9cise, standardis\u00e9e et sensible aux variations de la symptomatologie associ\u00e9e au trouble d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale tel que d\u00e9fini dans les nomenclatures diagnostiques du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/psychiatrists\/practice\/dsm\">DSM-5-TR<\/a> et de la CIM-11. Face \u00e0 l&rsquo;h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 clinique des manifestations phobiques sociales, Liebowitz a cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 concevoir une mesure capable de cartographier la d\u00e9tresse affective interne tout autant que ses r\u00e9percussions comportementales fonctionnelles.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la pratique clinique, la LSAS-SR remplit plusieurs fonctions majeures :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9pistage et diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel :<\/strong> Elle permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir rapidement le profil d&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 du patient et de discriminer l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale non clinique d&rsquo;une forme g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e ou sp\u00e9cifique de phobie sociale. Des seuils cliniques valid\u00e9s (notamment les scores seuils de 30 pour la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;une anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale cliniquement significative et de 60 pour une forme g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e) orientent la d\u00e9cision diagnostique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Planification th\u00e9rapeutique individualis\u00e9e :<\/strong> En d\u00e9taillant 24 situations sp\u00e9cifiques, le clinicien peut identifier les stimuli anxiog\u00e8nes pr\u00e9dominants (peur du regard de l&rsquo;autre lors de repas, prise de parole en public, interactions avec des figures d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9) et hi\u00e9rarchiser les sc\u00e9narios d&rsquo;exposition lors d&rsquo;une th\u00e9rapie comportementale et cognitive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Suivi de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 th\u00e9rapeutique (Outcome Measure) :<\/strong> La LSAS-SR est reconnue comme le <em>gold standard<\/em> des crit\u00e8res d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation primaires dans les essais cliniques randomis\u00e9s (RCTs). Elle permet d&rsquo;objectiver la r\u00e9mission clinique, le taux de r\u00e9ponse th\u00e9rapeutique et la r\u00e9duction diff\u00e9rentielle de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 subjective par rapport \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9vitement actif.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En contexte de recherche psychologique et neurobiologique, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle permet de corr\u00e9ler l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 dimensionnelle de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale avec des biomarqueurs (r\u00e9activit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;amygdale en neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle, variabilit\u00e9 du rythme cardiaque) ou des biais cognitifs (attentionnels, interpr\u00e9tatifs et mn\u00e9siques).<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit mesur\u00e9 par la LSAS-SR s&rsquo;articule autour d&rsquo;une matrice bidimensionnelle croisant deux grands domaines situationnels avec deux modalit\u00e9s d&rsquo;expression s\u00e9miologique du trouble phobique.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Domaines situationnels : Performance vs Interaction sociale<\/h3>\n<p>La litt\u00e9rature en psychopathologie cognitive distingue classiquement deux classes de situations d\u00e9clenchantes chez les individus souffrant d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Situations de performance formelle et informelle (11 items) :<\/strong> Celles-ci impliquent des contextes o\u00f9 l&rsquo;individu est engag\u00e9 dans une action sous le regard direct ou potentiel d&rsquo;autrui, d\u00e9clenchant la peur d&rsquo;un jugement n\u00e9gatif sur ses comp\u00e9tences, son contr\u00f4le moteur ou son int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physiologique. Les situations incluent notamment le fait d&rsquo;agir ou de parler devant un public (item 6), de manger ou boire dans des lieux publics (items 3 et 4), de travailler ou d&rsquo;\u00e9crire sous observation (items 8 et 9), ou encore d&rsquo;uriner dans des toilettes publiques (parur\u00e9sie, item 13).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Situations d&rsquo;interaction sociale (13 items) :<\/strong> Celles-ci confrontent l&rsquo;individu \u00e0 des \u00e9changes interpersonnels r\u00e9ciproques, requ\u00e9rant des comp\u00e9tences de communication verbale et non verbale. Les craintes portent sur l&rsquo;inad\u00e9quation sociale, l&rsquo;ennui suppos\u00e9 de l&rsquo;interlocuteur ou le rejet. Elles recouvrent des interactions avec des figures d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 (item 5), la participation \u00e0 des r\u00e9unions ou f\u00eates (items 7, 16, 23), la rencontre d&rsquo;inconnus (item 12), le maintien du contact visuel (item 19) ou la formulation d&rsquo;un d\u00e9saccord (item 18).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Composantes symptomatiques : Peur subjective et \u00c9vitement comportemental<\/h3>\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le de Liebowitz repose sur le postulat que l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 subjective ne pr\u00e9dit pas de fa\u00e7on lin\u00e9aire et absolue le degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement. Certains patients maintiennent une exposition forc\u00e9e \u00e0 la situation malgr\u00e9 une d\u00e9tresse physiologique et cognitive extr\u00eame (anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e, \u00e9vitement faible), tandis que d&rsquo;autres organisent leur vie de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 neutraliser pr\u00e9ventivement toute confrontation (\u00e9vitement total, r\u00e9duisant paradoxalement l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 aigu\u00eb ressentie au quotidien). La double cotation permet d&rsquo;isoler ces dynamiques d&rsquo;ajustement.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9laboration de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale de Liebowitz s&rsquo;ancre profond\u00e9ment dans le paradigme <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9rapie_cognitivo-comportementale\">cognitivo-comportemental<\/a> et psychopathologique d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par des figures fondamentales telles que <strong>David M. Clark, Adrian Wells, et Richard G. Heimberg<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Le mod\u00e8le cognitif de Clark et Wells (1995)<\/h3>\n<p>Selon le mod\u00e8le de Clark et Wells, l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e dans une situation sociale per\u00e7ue comme mena\u00e7ante active des sch\u00e9mas cognitifs inconditionnels (\u00ab Je suis inf\u00e9rieur \u00bb, \u00ab Je suis socialement incomp\u00e9tent \u00bb) et des croyances conditionnelles (\u00ab Si les autres voient que je tremble, ils me rejetteront \u00bb). Ces cognitions g\u00e9n\u00e8rent un traitement attentionnel auto-focalis\u00e9 (l&rsquo;individu devient l&rsquo;observateur critique de ses propres manifestations physiologiques) et favorisent l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence de comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement. La LSAS-SR cartographie fid\u00e8lement ces contextes d\u00e9clencheurs o\u00f9 s&rsquo;exprime ce sentiment de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 sociale.<\/p>\n<h3>Le mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;apprentissage et de maintien comportemental de Heimberg<\/h3>\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le comportemental sous-jacent postule un conditionnement r\u00e9pondant et op\u00e9rant : l&rsquo;exposition aux stimuli sociaux produit une anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 intol\u00e9rable conditionn\u00e9e, tandis que l&rsquo;\u00e9vitement comportemental apporte un soulagement imm\u00e9diat (renforcement n\u00e9gatif), emp\u00eachant l&rsquo;habituation \u00e9motionnelle et la restructuration des croyances dysfonctionnelles. La LSAS-SR a \u00e9t\u00e9 express\u00e9ment construite pour capturer cette boucle de r\u00e9troaction anxi\u00e9t\u00e9-\u00e9vitement.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;un nombre consid\u00e9rable d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes de validation psychom\u00e9trique \u00e0 travers le monde, tant en population clinique que non clinique.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>La LSAS-SR pr\u00e9sente de tr\u00e8s fortes corr\u00e9lations positives avec d&rsquo;autres \u00e9chelles d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale valid\u00e9es internationalement, notamment :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La <em>Social Phobia Scale<\/em> (SPS) et la <em>Social Interaction Anxiety Scale<\/em> (SIAS) de Mattick et Clarke (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,70\">$r = 0,70$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,85$).<\/li>\n<li>Le <em>Brief Social Phobia Scale<\/em> (BSPS) (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r &gt; 0,75\">$r > 0,75$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li>Le <em>Social Phobia Inventory<\/em> (SPIN) (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,80\">$r = 0,80$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,87$).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d\u00e9montre une capacit\u00e9 robuste \u00e0 discriminer l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale des construits voisins mais distincts. Les corr\u00e9lations avec des mesures d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e (comme l&rsquo;inventaire d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de Beck, BAI) ou de d\u00e9pression (comme l&rsquo;inventaire de d\u00e9pression de Beck, BDI-II) demeurent mod\u00e9r\u00e9es (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,35\">$r = 0,35$<\/span> et $0,55$), confirmant que la LSAS-SR mesure une dimension psychopathologique sp\u00e9cifique distincte du n\u00e9vrosisme global ou de l&rsquo;affect n\u00e9gatif indiff\u00e9renci\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de crit\u00e8re et sensibilit\u00e9 clinique<\/h3>\n<p>Des \u00e9tudes comparatives ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 une concordance quasi parfaite entre les scores de la version h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-administr\u00e9e par un clinicien (LSAS-CA) et la version auto-rapport\u00e9e (LSAS-SR), avec des corr\u00e9lations intraclasses g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 0,90 (Fresco et al., 2001 ; Baker et al., 2002). L&rsquo;instrument s&rsquo;av\u00e8re hautement sensible aux effets des interventions pharmacologiques et psychoth\u00e9rapeutiques, avec une r\u00e9duction statistiquement significative des scores totaux chez les r\u00e9pondeurs cliniques comparativement aux groupes placebo.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Les indices de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 et de pr\u00e9cision de mesure de la LSAS-SR figurent parmi les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s de la litt\u00e9rature en psychom\u00e9trie clinique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coh\u00e9rence interne :<\/strong> L&rsquo;analyse de l&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des items montre un coefficient alpha de Cronbach syst\u00e9matiquement sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 0,90. Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de validation de Fresco et al. (2001), les valeurs observ\u00e9es \u00e9taient de : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,95\">$\\alpha = 0,95$<\/span> pour le score total, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,91\">$\\alpha = 0,91$<\/span> pour la sous-\u00e9chelle Peur totale, et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,92\">$\\alpha = 0,92$<\/span> pour la sous-\u00e9chelle \u00c9vitement total.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest :<\/strong> La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e sur des intervalles allant de 1 \u00e0 12 semaines chez des sujets non trait\u00e9s, affichant des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation test-retest (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r\">$r$<\/span>) stables compris entre 0,82 et 0,89, attestant de la fiabilit\u00e9 des scores en l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;intervention cibl\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Erreur standard de mesure (SEM) :<\/strong> La pr\u00e9cision de mesure permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir des intervalles de confiance \u00e9troits, facilitant l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation du changement individuel fiable (<em>Reliable Change Index<\/em>, RCI) en pratique lib\u00e9rale ou institutionnelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle<\/h2>\n<p>La structure factorielle de la LSAS a \u00e9t\u00e9 amplement d\u00e9battue et explor\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analyse_factorielle\">analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE)<\/a> et <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mod%C3%A8le_d%27%C3%A9quations_structurelles\">analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Mod\u00e8le initial \u00e0 2 facteurs<\/h3>\n<p>Initialement, Liebowitz a postul\u00e9 une bipartition conceptuelle entre situations de <strong>Performance<\/strong> et situations d&rsquo;<strong>Interaction sociale<\/strong>, appliqu\u00e9e s\u00e9par\u00e9ment aux scores de peur et d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement. Bien que ce mod\u00e8le soit intuitif et tr\u00e8s largement utilis\u00e9 en cotation clinique (g\u00e9n\u00e9rant les 4 sous-scores classiques), les analyses factorielles strictes ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 une structure sous-jacente plus granulaire.<\/p>\n<h3>Mod\u00e8le \u00e0 4 et 5 facteurs (Safren et al., 1999 ; Baker et al., 2002)<\/h3>\n<p>Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires ont mis en \u00e9vidence l&rsquo;existence de 4 \u00e0 5 sous-dimensions stables :<\/p>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> This scale assesses the way that social anxiety affects your life across a range of situations. Read each situation carefully and answer two questions about it: First, rate how much fear or anxiety you experience in that situation. Second, rate how often you avoid that situation. If you come across a situation that you ordinarily do not experience, imagine what you would feel or do if you were faced with that situation.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> Dual 4-point rating scales for each situation: Fear\/Anxiety: 0 = None, 1 = Mild, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Severe; Avoidance: 0 = Never (0%), 1 = Occasionally (1-33%), 2 = Often (33-67%), 3 = Usually (67-100%)\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> Total score is calculated by summing all 24 Fear ratings and all 24 Avoidance ratings (range 0\u2013144). Subscales can be computed for Total Fear (0\u201372), Total Avoidance (0\u201372), Social Interaction Fear, Social Interaction Avoidance, Performance Fear, and Performance Avoidance.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Telephoning in public<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Participating in small groups<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Eating in public places<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Drinking with others in public places<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Talking to people in authority<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Acting, performing or giving a talk in front of an audience<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Going to a party<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Working while being observed<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Writing while being observed<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Calling someone you don&#039;t know very well<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Talking with people you don&#039;t know very well<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Meeting strangers<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Urinating in a public bathroom<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Entering a room when others are already seated<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being the center of attention<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Speaking up at a meeting<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Taking a test<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Expressing a disagreement or disapproval to people you don&#039;t know very well<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Looking at people you don&#039;t know very well in the eyes (making eye contact)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Giving a report to a group<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Trying to make someone&#039;s acquaintance for the purpose of a romantic\/sexual relationship<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Returning goods to a store<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Giving a party<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Resisting a high pressure salesperson<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 ces nuances factorielles, les indices d&rsquo;ajustement (CFI &gt; 0,90, RMSEA &lt; 0,06) confirment la pertinence d&rsquo;un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale de second ordre, justifiant pleinement l&rsquo;utilisation clinique du score total combin\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom complet de l&rsquo;instrument :<\/strong> Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale &#8211; Self-Report (LSAS-SR)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Auto-questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique standardis\u00e9<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 24 situations sociales et de performance<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> Double \u00e9valuation ordinale pour chaque situation :<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Peur ou Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 ressentie :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>0 = Aucune (<em>None<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>1 = L\u00e9g\u00e8re (<em>Mild<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>2 = Mod\u00e9r\u00e9e (<em>Moderate<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>3 = S\u00e9v\u00e8re (<em>Severe<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9vitement comportemental :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>0 = Jamais (0%) (<em>Never<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>1 = Occasionnellement (1-33%) (<em>Occasionally<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>2 = Souvent (33-67%) (<em>Often<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>3 = Habituellement (67-100%) (<em>Usually<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><strong>Cotation et calcul des scores :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Score total d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale :<\/strong> Somme de l&rsquo;ensemble des 24 items pour la Peur + 24 items pour l&rsquo;\u00c9vitement (\u00c9tendue de 0 \u00e0 144 points).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score total de Peur :<\/strong> Somme des 24 items Peur (\u00c9tendue de 0 \u00e0 72).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score total d&rsquo;\u00c9vitement :<\/strong> Somme des 24 items \u00c9vitement (\u00c9tendue de 0 \u00e0 72).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelles sp\u00e9cifiques :<\/strong> Peur d&rsquo;interaction sociale (13 items, 0-39), \u00c9vitement d&rsquo;interaction sociale (13 items, 0-39), Peur de performance (11 items, 0-33), \u00c9vitement de performance (11 items, 0-33).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interpr\u00e9tation clinique usuelle des scores totaux :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>0 &#8211; 29 :<\/strong> Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale non significative ou absente.<\/li>\n<li><strong>30 &#8211; 49 :<\/strong> Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale l\u00e9g\u00e8re \u00e0 mod\u00e9r\u00e9e (seuil clinique d&rsquo;alerte).<\/li>\n<li><strong>50 &#8211; 64 :<\/strong> Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale mod\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 marqu\u00e9e (trouble probable).<\/li>\n<li><strong>65 &#8211; 79 :<\/strong> Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale s\u00e9v\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<li><strong>80 et plus :<\/strong> Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale tr\u00e8s s\u00e9v\u00e8re \/ invalidante.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 1987 (Version h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-\u00e9valu\u00e9e par Michael R. Liebowitz) ; 2001 (Validation formelle de la version auto-rapport\u00e9e LSAS-SR par Fresco et al.).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur et permissions :<\/strong> L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle LSAS-SR rel\u00e8ve du domaine public acad\u00e9mique \u00e0 des fins de recherche scientifique non commerciale et d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation clinique individuelle standard. Elle est accessible sans redevance (<em>royalty-free<\/em>). Les adaptations linguistiques officielles ou l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration dans des dispositifs commerciaux \/ \u00e9tudes sponsoris\u00e9es n\u00e9cessitent l&rsquo;accord pr\u00e9alable des auteurs et des \u00e9diteurs d\u00e9positaires des droits initiaux.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Gratuit pour l&rsquo;usage acad\u00e9mique, clinique hospitalier et universitaire ind\u00e9pendant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<p>Baker, S. L., Heinrichs, N., Kim, H. J., &amp; Hofmann, S. G. (2002). The Liebowitz social anxiety scale as a self-report instrument: A confirmatory factor analysis. <em>Behaviour Research and Therapy<\/em>, 40(6), 701\u2013715. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00060-2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00060-2<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Clark, D. M., &amp; Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, &amp; F. R. Schneier (Eds.), <em>Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment<\/em> (pp. 69\u201393). Guilford Press.<\/p>\n<p>Fresco, D. M., Coles, M. E., Heimberg, R. G., Liebowitz, M. R., Hami, S., Stein, M. B., &amp; Goetz, D. (2001). The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: A comparison of the psychometric properties of self-report and clinician-administered formats. <em>Psychological Medicine<\/em>, 31(6), 1025\u20131035. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291701004056\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291701004056<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Heimberg, R. G., Horner, K. J., Juster, H. R., Safren, S. A., Brown, E. J., Schneier, F. R., &amp; Liebowitz, M. R. (1999). Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. <em>Psychological Medicine<\/em>, 29(1), 199\u2013212. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291798007879\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291798007879<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social phobia. <em>Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry<\/em>, 22, 141\u2013173. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000414022\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000414022<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Safren, S. A., Turk, C. L., &amp; Heimberg, R. G. (1999). Factor structure of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for social phobia. <em>Behaviour Research and Therapy<\/em>, 37(12), 1179\u20131190. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00210-1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00210-1<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n  Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-family:sans-serif; padding:20px; background:#ffffff;\">\n<p><strong>Response scale:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dual 4-point rating scales for each situation:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fear\/Anxiety:<\/strong> 0 = None, 1 = Mild, 2 = Moderate, 3 = Severe<\/li>\n<li><strong>Avoidance:<\/strong> 0 = Never (0%), 1 = Occasionally (1-33%), 2 = Often (33-67%), 3 = Usually (67-100%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr style=\"margin: 20px 0; border: none; border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\" \/>\n<ol style=\"line-height: 1.8; margin-left: 20px;\">\n<li>Telephoning in public<\/li>\n<li>Participating in small groups<\/li>\n<li>Eating in public places<\/li>\n<li>Drinking with others in public places<\/li>\n<li>Talking to people in authority<\/li>\n<li>Acting, performing or giving a talk in front of an audience<\/li>\n<li>Going to a party<\/li>\n<li>Working while being observed<\/li>\n<li>Writing while being observed<\/li>\n<li>Calling someone you don&rsquo;t know very well<\/li>\n<li>Talking with people you don&rsquo;t know very well<\/li>\n<li>Meeting strangers<\/li>\n<li>Urinating in a public bathroom<\/li>\n<li>Entering a room when others are already seated<\/li>\n<li>Being the center of attention<\/li>\n<li>Speaking up at a meeting<\/li>\n<li>Taking a test<\/li>\n<li>Expressing a disagreement or disapproval to people you don&rsquo;t know very well<\/li>\n<li>Looking at people you don&rsquo;t know very well in the eyes (making eye contact)<\/li>\n<li>Giving a report to a group<\/li>\n<li>Trying to make someone&rsquo;s acquaintance for the purpose of a romantic\/sexual relationship<\/li>\n<li>Returning goods to a store<\/li>\n<li>Giving a party<\/li>\n<li>Resisting a high pressure salesperson<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale de Liebowitz (LSAS-SR) est l&rsquo;outil de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence mondial pour \u00e9valuer la peur et l&rsquo;\u00e9vitement dans le trouble d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[165,3,2],"tags":[730,63,1256,1255,1257,16,289],"class_list":["post-505","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-devaluation","category-psychologie-clinique","category-psychometrie","tag-anxiete-sociale","tag-evaluation-psychologique","tag-liebowitz","tag-lsas-sr","tag-phobie-sociale","tag-psychometrie","tag-tcc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=505"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/505\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}