{"id":477,"date":"2026-09-04T09:38:38","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T09:38:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/qualite-de-vie-des-adultes-tno-azl\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T09:38:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T09:38:38","slug":"qualite-de-vie-des-adultes-tno-azl","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=qualite-de-vie-des-adultes-tno-azl","title":{"rendered":"Qualit\u00e9 de vie des adultes TNO-AZL"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>TNO-AZL Adult Quality of Life<\/strong> (<strong>TAAQOL<\/strong>) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation con\u00e7u pour mesurer la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qualit%C3%A9_de_vie\">qualit\u00e9 de vie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9<\/a> (QVLS \/ <em>Health-Related Quality of Life<\/em>, HRQoL) chez les personnes adultes et \u00e2g\u00e9es. D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 conjointement par l&rsquo;Organisation n\u00e9erlandaise pour la recherche scientifique appliqu\u00e9e (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netherlands_Organisation_for_Applied_Scientific_Research\">TNO<\/a>) et le Centre m\u00e9dical universitaire de Leyde (anciennement <em>Academisch Ziekenhuis Leiden<\/em>, AZL), cet outil se distingue par son approche m\u00e9thodologique innovante : l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation syst\u00e9matique et simultan\u00e9e de la pr\u00e9valence des limitations fonctionnelles et de la r\u00e9action \u00e9motionnelle n\u00e9gative (le fardeau ou la g\u00eane per\u00e7ue) associ\u00e9e \u00e0 chaque probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Le questionnaire est compos\u00e9 de <strong>45 items<\/strong> r\u00e9partis \u00e0 travers <strong>12 domaines psychologiques et somatiques<\/strong> : le fonctionnement moteur global, le fonctionnement moteur fin, le fonctionnement cognitif, le sommeil, la douleur, le fonctionnement social, les activit\u00e9s quotidiennes, la sexualit\u00e9, la vitalit\u00e9, le bonheur, l&rsquo;humeur d\u00e9pressive et l&rsquo;agressivit\u00e9. Pour les domaines fonctionnels et symptomatiques, le TAAQOL applique un format de r\u00e9ponse conditionnel en deux \u00e9tapes \u00e9valuant d&rsquo;abord la fr\u00e9quence ou s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du d\u00e9ficit au cours du mois \u00e9coul\u00e9, puis le niveau de contrari\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle induit. Les scores bruts sont transform\u00e9s sur une \u00e9chelle standardis\u00e9e de 0 \u00e0 100, o\u00f9 les valeurs les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es refl\u00e8tent une meilleure qualit\u00e9 de vie.<\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de validation d\u00e9montrent une excellente coh\u00e9rence interne (coefficients <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compris entre 0,72 et 0,90 selon les sous-\u00e9chelles), une stabilit\u00e9 temporelle satisfaisante en test-retest, ainsi qu&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 de construit et une sensibilit\u00e9 clinique remarquables, capables de discriminer les populations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales des cohortes souffrant de pathologies chroniques vari\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Qualit\u00e9 de vie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9, TAAQOL, TNO-AZL, psychom\u00e9trie, \u00e9valuation fonctionnelle, impact \u00e9motionnel, validit\u00e9 de construit, fonctionnement moteur, humeur d\u00e9pressive, vitalit\u00e9, maladies chroniques, auto-questionnaire.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs<\/h2>\n<p>Le questionnaire TAAQOL a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par une \u00e9quipe pluridisciplinaire d&rsquo;\u00e9pid\u00e9miologistes, de psychologues de la sant\u00e9 et de cliniciens au sein du d\u00e9partement <em>TNO Prevention and Health<\/em> (Leyde, Pays-Bas) en collaboration avec le Centre m\u00e9dical de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Leyde (LUMC \/ AZL) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dr. Minne Fekkes<\/strong> : Chercheur principal, TNO Child Health &amp; Prevention, Leyde, Pays-Bas. Sp\u00e9cialiste du d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;instruments de mesure de sant\u00e9 publique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dr. Symone B. Detmar<\/strong> : Psychologue de la sant\u00e9 et \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiste, TNO Qualit\u00e9 de Vie, Leyde, Pays-Bas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prof. Dr. H. M. (Thea) Koopman<\/strong> : Professeure \u00e9m\u00e9rite en psychologie m\u00e9dicale et p\u00e9diatrique, Universit\u00e9 de Leyde et Centre m\u00e9dical universitaire de Leyde (LUMC).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Drs. Thea Vogels<\/strong> : Psychom\u00e9tricienne et statisticienne de recherche, TNO Prevention and Health.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du TAAQOL est d&rsquo;offrir une mesure multidimensionnelle standardis\u00e9e de la qualit\u00e9 de vie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 chez les adultes, en surmontant l&rsquo;une des faiblesses conceptuelles majeures des questionnaires g\u00e9n\u00e9riques traditionnels (tels que le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SF-36\">SF-36<\/a> ou le Nottingham Health Profile). La plupart des instruments classiques confondent le statut fonctionnel objectif (l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 brute) et la qualit\u00e9 de vie subjective (le v\u00e9cu \u00e9motionnel de cette incapacit\u00e9). Deux individus pr\u00e9sentant une limitation physique identique (par exemple, l&rsquo;impossibilit\u00e9 de courir ou de monter les escaliers) peuvent en effet ressentir un niveau de d\u00e9tresse psychologique et un fardeau existentiel radicalement diff\u00e9rents selon leur mode de vie, leurs attentes personnelles et leurs m\u00e9canismes d&rsquo;adaptation (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strat%C3%A9gie_d%27adaptation\">coping<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Le TAAQOL mesure \u00e0 la fois :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La pr\u00e9sence et la fr\u00e9quence des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 ou des limitations physiques, cognitives et sociales au cours du dernier mois.<\/li>\n<li>La charge affective n\u00e9gative ou la perturbation \u00e9motionnelle directe (\u00ab <em>emotional bother<\/em> \u00bb) caus\u00e9e par chacune de ces limitations sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans la pratique clinique, le TAAQOL est utilis\u00e9 pour identifier les domaines de vie les plus vuln\u00e9rables chez les patients atteints de pathologies chroniques (diab\u00e8te, rhumatismes inflammatoires, bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive, s\u00e9quelles oncologiques, maladies cardiovasculaires), \u00e9valuer les besoins de soutien psychosocial et mesurer l&rsquo;impact th\u00e9rapeutique global des interventions m\u00e9dicales, chirurgicales ou de r\u00e9adaptation. En recherche \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique et dans les <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Essai_clinique\">essais cliniques<\/a>, il constitue un crit\u00e8re de jugement rapport\u00e9 par le patient (<em>Patient-Reported Outcome Measure<\/em> &#8211; PROM) particuli\u00e8rement sensible aux changements cliniquement pertinents.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique<\/h2>\n<p>Le TAAQOL op\u00e9rationnalise la qualit\u00e9 de vie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 comme un m\u00e9ta-construit structur\u00e9 en 12 dimensions interd\u00e9pendantes mais distinctes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Motricit\u00e9 globale (Gross Motor Functioning, 4 items) :<\/strong> \u00c9value les limitations majeures du syst\u00e8me locomoteur (monter des escaliers, marcher, courir, se pencher) combin\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;irritation ou la d\u00e9tresse engendr\u00e9e par ces limitations physiques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Motricit\u00e9 fine (Fine Motor Functioning, 3 items) :<\/strong> Mesure les difficult\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pr\u00e9hension et \u00e0 la dext\u00e9rit\u00e9 manuelle (couper des aliments, ouvrir un carton, boutonner des v\u00eatements, lacer ses chaussures, \u00e9crire) et le niveau de g\u00eane associ\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fonctionnement cognitif (Cognitive Functioning, 4 items) :<\/strong> Explore les d\u00e9ficits perceptifs et neuropsychologiques subjectifs (vision pour lire\/regarder la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, audition en groupe de conversation, concentration, m\u00e9moire) et la charge \u00e9motionnelle qui en r\u00e9sulte.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sommeil (Sleep, 4 items) :<\/strong> Mesure les troubles du sommeil (difficult\u00e9s d&rsquo;endormissement, r\u00e9veils nocturnes fr\u00e9quents, r\u00e9veils pr\u00e9coces, somnolence diurne) et la contrari\u00e9t\u00e9 induite.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Douleur (Pain, 3 items) :<\/strong> \u00c9value l&rsquo;impact invalidant et la d\u00e9tresse caus\u00e9e par les douleurs articulaires ou dorsales, les c\u00e9phal\u00e9es et les douleurs abdominales ou gastriques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fonctionnement social (Social Functioning, 4 items) :<\/strong> Quantifie les restrictions impos\u00e9es par l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 sur les interactions avec les amis et la famille, les sorties sociales, ainsi que le sentiment d&rsquo;isolement et l&rsquo;impression d&rsquo;\u00eatre d\u00e9laiss\u00e9 par son entourage.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Activit\u00e9s quotidiennes (Daily Activities, 3 items) :<\/strong> Mesure les entraves impos\u00e9es par la maladie sur les t\u00e2ches m\u00e9nag\u00e8res, l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 professionnelle ou les \u00e9tudes, et la pratique des loisirs personnels.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sexualit\u00e9 (Sexuality, 2 items) :<\/strong> Analyse la baisse de d\u00e9sir ou d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat sexuel par rapport aux souhaits de l&rsquo;individu, ainsi que les limitations fonctionnelles dans les activit\u00e9s intimes et leur retentissement \u00e9motionnel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vitalit\u00e9 (Vitality, 4 items) :<\/strong> Explore le niveau d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie physique et mentale positive vs l&rsquo;\u00e9puisement (se sentir \u00e9nergique, fatigu\u00e9, en forme, \u00e9puis\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bonheur (Happiness, 4 items) :<\/strong> Mesure les affects positifs globaux et la satisfaction existentielle au cours du mois \u00e9coul\u00e9 (se sentir gai, heureux, de bonne humeur, profiter de la vie).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Humeur d\u00e9pressive (Depressive Mood, 4 items) :<\/strong> \u00c9value les affects n\u00e9gatifs, le d\u00e9couragement, le d\u00e9sespoir face \u00e0 l&rsquo;avenir et l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Agressivit\u00e9 (Aggressiveness, 3 items) :<\/strong> Quantifie la propension \u00e0 l&rsquo;irritabilit\u00e9, la col\u00e8re et les acc\u00e8s d&#8217;emportement envers autrui.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\n<p>Le cadre th\u00e9orique du TAAQOL s&rsquo;inscrit au carrefour du mod\u00e8le biom\u00e9dical r\u00e9vis\u00e9 de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilson_and_Cleary_model_of_patient_outcomes\">Wilson et Cleary (1995)<\/a> sur les r\u00e9sultats de sant\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s par les patients et du mod\u00e8le transactionnel du stress et de l&rsquo;adaptation cognitive de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Lazarus\">Lazarus et Folkman (1984)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Selon l&rsquo;approche de Wilson et Cleary, les r\u00e9sultats de sant\u00e9 progressent le long d&rsquo;un continuum allant des variables biologiques\/physiologiques aux sympt\u00f4mes, \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tat fonctionnel, aux perceptions g\u00e9n\u00e9rales de sant\u00e9, pour aboutir \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 de vie globale. Fekkes et ses collaborateurs ont postul\u00e9 que la plupart des \u00e9chelles de sant\u00e9 se contentaient de mesurer l&rsquo;\u00e9tat fonctionnel tout en le nommant \u00e0 tort \u00ab qualit\u00e9 de vie \u00bb. Dans l&rsquo;architecture du TNO-AZL, la qualit\u00e9 de vie n&rsquo;est pas r\u00e9ductible \u00e0 l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 motrice ou cognitive brute ; elle r\u00e9side dans l&rsquo;<strong>\u00e9valuation cognitive subjective<\/strong> (<em>appraisal<\/em>) que l&rsquo;individu effectue de son \u00e9tat :<\/p>\n<div style=\"background:#f1f5f9; padding:15px; border-left:4px solid #0284c7; margin:20px 0; border-radius:4px;\">\n  <strong>\u00c9quation conceptuelle du TAAQOL :<\/strong><br \/>\n  <em>Qualit\u00e9 de Vie Li\u00e9e \u00e0 la Sant\u00e9 = Statut Fonctionnel Objectif \u00d7 R\u00e9action \u00c9motionnelle N\u00e9gative<\/em>\n<\/div>\n<p>Si une personne pr\u00e9sente une limitation (par exemple, l&rsquo;impossibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9crire \u00e0 la main) mais dispose d&rsquo;outils de compensation et n&rsquo;en \u00e9prouve aucune souffrance psychologique, le score de qualit\u00e9 de vie attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 cet item ne sera que tr\u00e8s peu p\u00e9nalis\u00e9. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, une limitation mineure provoquant une d\u00e9tresse \u00e9motionnelle intense entra\u00eenera une d\u00e9gradation significative du score de domaine. Ce syst\u00e8me m\u00e9trique appartient \u00e0 la famille d&rsquo;instruments modulaires TNO-AZL d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s pour couvrir l&rsquo;ensemble du cycle de vie (TAPQOL pour la petite enfance, TACQOL pour les enfants et adolescents, TAAQOL pour les adultes).<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et d&rsquo;apparence<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de contenu du TAAQOL a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie par des panels d&rsquo;experts cliniciens, d&rsquo;\u00e9pid\u00e9miologistes et de groupes de discussion de patients adultes atteints de diverses maladies chroniques. Les items ont \u00e9t\u00e9 formul\u00e9s pour capturer les situations concr\u00e8tes les plus repr\u00e9sentatives de la vie quotidienne adulte.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations fortes et statistiquement significatives avec des instruments de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les dimensions physiques du TAAQOL (Motricit\u00e9 globale, Motricit\u00e9 fine, Activit\u00e9s quotidiennes) corr\u00e8lent fortement (<em>r<\/em> = 0,65 \u00e0 0,82, <em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,001) avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de fonctionnement physique du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SF-36\">Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Les dimensions \u00e9motionnelles (Humeur d\u00e9pressive, Vitalit\u00e9, Bonheur) pr\u00e9sentent des corr\u00e9lations substantielles (<em>r<\/em> = 0,60 \u00e0 0,78) avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de sant\u00e9 mentale (MCS) du SF-36 et les \u00e9chelles de d\u00e9pression standardis\u00e9es (CES-D, HADS).<\/li>\n<li>La validit\u00e9 discriminante est d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations faibles (<em>r<\/em> &lt; 0,30) entre des domaines non apparent\u00e9s (par exemple entre Motricit\u00e9 fine et Agressivit\u00e9).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de groupes connus (Known-Groups Validity)<\/h3>\n<p>Le TAAQOL d\u00e9montre une capacit\u00e9 discriminante robuste lors de la comparaison de populations saines avec des groupes de patients souffrant de maladies chroniques (arthrite, insuffisance cardiaque, troubles respiratoires). Les tailles d&rsquo;effet (<em>d<\/em> de Cohen) entre sujets sains et sujets atteints de maladies chroniques d\u00e9passent fr\u00e9quemment 0,80 sur les sous-\u00e9chelles motrices et d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s quotidiennes.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du TAAQOL ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9es sur de larges \u00e9chantillons normatifs et cliniques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coh\u00e9rence interne :<\/strong> Les coefficients <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> pour l&rsquo;ensemble des 12 \u00e9chelles d\u00e9passent le seuil recommand\u00e9 de 0,70 pour les analyses de groupe, oscillant entre 0,72 (Agressivit\u00e9, Motricit\u00e9 fine) et 0,91 (Motricit\u00e9 globale, Humeur d\u00e9pressive). Les \u00e9chelles de Vitalit\u00e9 et de Bonheur pr\u00e9sentent des alphas moyens de 0,85 et 0,88 respectivement.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stabilit\u00e9 test-retest :<\/strong> Chez des patients stables \u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 un intervalle de 2 \u00e0 4 semaines, les <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intraclass_correlation\">coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse<\/a> (CCI) se situent entre 0,74 et 0,89, confirmant une excellente reproductibilit\u00e9 temporelle des scores en l&rsquo;absence de changement d&rsquo;\u00e9tat clinique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Erreur standard de mesure (SEM) :<\/strong> Les analyses d&rsquo;erreur de mesure d\u00e9montrent des marges r\u00e9duites, garantissant la d\u00e9tection fine des changements individuels r\u00e9els au-del\u00e0 du bruit de mesure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle<\/h2>\n<p>La structure dimensionnelle du TAAQOL a \u00e9t\u00e9 explor\u00e9e et valid\u00e9e par des analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) \u00e0 rotation oblique et confirm\u00e9es par des <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mod%C3%A8le_d%27%C3%A9quations_structurelles\">analyses factorielles confirmatoires<\/a> (AFC).<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;AFC soutient un mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique \u00e0 12 facteurs de premier ordre correspondant aux 12 domaines cliniques, qui se regroupent sous deux composantes de second ordre principales :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Composante Somato-Fonctionnelle :<\/strong> regroupant Motricit\u00e9 globale, Motricit\u00e9 fine, Activit\u00e9s quotidiennes, Douleur, Sommeil et Fonctionnement cognitif.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Composante Psychosociale et \u00c9motionnelle :<\/strong> int\u00e9grant Bonheur, Humeur d\u00e9pressive, Vitalit\u00e9, Agressivit\u00e9, Fonctionnement social et Sexualit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Les indices d&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation du mod\u00e8le confirmatoire satisfont aux crit\u00e8res psychom\u00e9triques d&rsquo;ajustement : <em>Root Mean Square Error of Approximation<\/em> (RMSEA) = 0,048 (IC 90% : 0,043 &#8211; 0,053), <em>Comparative Fit Index<\/em> (CFI) = 0,94, et <em>Tucker-Lewis Index<\/em> (TLI) = 0,93. Les saturations factorielles standardis\u00e9es de chaque item sur son facteur respectif sont toutes sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 0,55, confirmant une homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 factorielle solide.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;instrument :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation de la qualit\u00e9 de vie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 (HRQoL \/ PROM).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 45 items r\u00e9partis en 12 \u00e9chelles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u00e9riode de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence temporelle :<\/strong> Le mois \u00e9coul\u00e9 (\u00ab Au cours du mois pass\u00e9 \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format de r\u00e9ponse conditionnel :<\/strong> Format \u00e0 double volet pour les domaines fonctionnels :\n<ul>\n<li><em>Partie 1 (Statut fonctionnel \/ fr\u00e9quence) :<\/em> 1 = Jamais \/ Aucune difficult\u00e9 \/ Non, 2 = Parfois \/ Quelques difficult\u00e9s \/ Oui, 3 = Souvent \/ Beaucoup de difficult\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li><em>Partie 2 (R\u00e9action \u00e9motionnelle \/ fardeau) :<\/em> Si une limitation ou un sympt\u00f4me est pr\u00e9sent, \u00e9valuation de la g\u00eane : 1 = Pas du tout (<em>Not at all<\/em>), 2 = Un peu (<em>A little<\/em>), 3 = Assez bien \/ Beaucoup (<em>Quite a lot<\/em>), 4 = \u00c9norm\u00e9ment (<em>Very much<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format des \u00e9chelles d&rsquo;affects (Vitalit\u00e9, Bonheur, Humeur d\u00e9pressive, Agressivit\u00e9) :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de fr\u00e9quence directe en 4 \u00e0 6 points.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e8gles de cotation et transformation des scores :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Pour les items conditionnels, le croisement de la limitation et de la r\u00e9action \u00e9motionnelle g\u00e9n\u00e8re un score d&rsquo;item de 0 \u00e0 4.<\/li>\n<li>Les scores bruts de chaque \u00e9chelle sont additionn\u00e9s puis convertis lin\u00e9airement sur une \u00e9chelle standard de <strong>0 \u00e0 100<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interpr\u00e9tation :<\/strong> Un score de 100 repr\u00e9sente la qualit\u00e9 de vie maximale (aucune limitation ou aucune g\u00eane \u00e9motionnelle), tandis qu&rsquo;un score de 0 refl\u00e8te la qualit\u00e9 de vie la plus d\u00e9grad\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication :<\/strong> 2001 (travaux pr\u00e9paratoires 1999-2000).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Propri\u00e9taire des droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> TNO Prevention and Health \/ Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut d&rsquo;utilisation et licences :<\/strong> Le TAAQOL est accessible pour la recherche clinique acad\u00e9mique et les \u00e9tudes non commerciales, sous r\u00e9serve d&rsquo;une demande d&rsquo;autorisation aupr\u00e8s des d\u00e9tenteurs des droits (TNO Child Health \/ Quality of Life). Pour les essais cliniques parrain\u00e9s par l&rsquo;industrie pharmaceutique ou \u00e0 vis\u00e9e commerciale, une convention d&rsquo;utilisation de licence est requise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> The questionnaire contains questions about health problems you may have experienced in the past month and how much they bothered you. For each question, first indicate how often you had the problem or difficulty, and if you experienced it, indicate how much it bothered you.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> Two-part conditional format: Part 1 assesses functional status\/frequency of limitations during the past month (e.g., 1=Never, 2=Occasionally, 3=Often \/ 1=No difficulties, 2=Some difficulties, 3=Many difficulties \/ 1=No, 2=Yes). If a problem\/limitation is reported, Part 2 assesses the associated negative emotional reaction on a 4-point scale: 1=Not at all, 2=A little, 3=Quite a lot, 4=Very much.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> The questionnaire yields 12 domain scales: Gross Motor Functioning (4 items), Fine Motor Functioning (3 items), Cognitive Functioning (4 items), Sleep (4 items), Pain (3 items), Social Functioning (4 items), Daily Activities (3 items), Sexuality (2 items), Vitality (4 items), Happiness (4 items), Depressive Mood (4 items), and Aggressiveness (3 items). Domains with emotional response weighting combine limitation occurrence and degree of bother into an item score ranging from 0 to 4 (where 0 or best is converted to a 0-100 transformed score, higher scores indicating better quality of life).\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have difficulty walking up the stairs? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have difficulty walking? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have difficulty running? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have difficulty bending over? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have difficulty cutting your food or opening a carton? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have difficulty fastening buttons or tying shoelaces? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have difficulty writing? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have difficulty reading or watching TV because of your eyesight? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have difficulty following a conversation in a group because of your hearing? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have difficulty concentrating? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have difficulty remembering things? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have difficulty falling asleep? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you wake up during the night? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you wake up too early? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel tired during the day? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have pain in your joints or back? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have headaches? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have stomach aches or abdominal pain? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did your health limit your contact with friends or family? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did your health limit you in going out (e.g. visiting, cinema, events)? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel isolated from others? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel that others paid less attention to you? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, were you limited in doing work around the house? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, were you limited in doing your job or study? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, were you limited in pursuing your hobbies? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you have less interest in sexual activities than you would have liked? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, were you limited in your sexual activities? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel energetic?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel tired?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel fit?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel exhausted?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel cheerful?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel happy?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel in good spirits?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you enjoy life?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel sad?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel dejected or depressed?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel hopeless about the future?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you worry about your health?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel angry?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you lose your temper easily?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel irritated by others?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you need help from others for personal care (washing, dressing)? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel restricted in your freedom of movement? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In the past month, did you feel dependent on medical care or medication? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<p>Fekkes, M., Kamphuis, R. P., Ottenkamp, J., Vogels, T., Bruil, J., &amp; Verrips, G. H. (2001). Health-related quality of life in young adults with congenital heart disease. <em>Quality of Life Research<\/em>, 10(3), 205\u2013205.<\/p>\n<p>Fekkes, M., Theunissen, N. C., Vogels, T. G., &amp; Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2000). Development and psychometric properties of the TNO-AZL Adult Quality of Life questionnaire (TAAQOL). <em>TNO Prevention and Health Report<\/em>, PG\/JGD\/2000.089, Leiden.<\/p>\n<p>Lazarus, R. S., &amp; Folkman, S. (1984). <em>Stress, appraisal, and coping<\/em>. Springer Publishing Company.<\/p>\n<p>Ware, J. E., &amp; Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. <em>Medical Care<\/em>, 30(6), 473\u2013483. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Wilson, I. B., &amp; Cleary, P. D. (1995). Linking clinical variables with health-related quality of life: A conceptual model of patient outcomes. <em>JAMA<\/em>, 273(1), 59\u201365. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1995.03520250075037\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1995.03520250075037<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n  Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-family:sans-serif; padding:20px; background:#ffffff;\">\n<p><strong>Response format:<\/strong> Two-part conditional format: Part 1 assesses functional status\/frequency of limitations during the past month (e.g., 1=Never, 2=Occasionally, 3=Often \/ 1=No difficulties, 2=Some difficulties, 3=Many difficulties \/ 1=No, 2=Yes). If a problem\/limitation is reported, Part 2 assesses the associated negative emotional reaction on a 4-point scale: 1=Not at all, 2=A little, 3=Quite a lot, 4=Very much.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"line-height: 1.8; margin-left: 20px;\">\n<li>In the past month, did you have difficulty walking up the stairs? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have difficulty walking? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have difficulty running? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have difficulty bending over? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have difficulty cutting your food or opening a carton? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have difficulty fastening buttons or tying shoelaces? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have difficulty writing? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have difficulty reading or watching TV because of your eyesight? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have difficulty following a conversation in a group because of your hearing? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have difficulty concentrating? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have difficulty remembering things? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have difficulty falling asleep? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you wake up during the night? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you wake up too early? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel tired during the day? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have pain in your joints or back? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have headaches? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have stomach aches or abdominal pain? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did your health limit your contact with friends or family? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did your health limit you in going out (e.g. visiting, cinema, events)? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel isolated from others? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel that others paid less attention to you? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, were you limited in doing work around the house? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, were you limited in doing your job or study? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, were you limited in pursuing your hobbies? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you have less interest in sexual activities than you would have liked? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, were you limited in your sexual activities? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel energetic?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel tired?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel fit?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel exhausted?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel cheerful?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel happy?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel in good spirits?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you enjoy life?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel sad?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel dejected or depressed?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel hopeless about the future?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you worry about your health?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel angry?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you lose your temper easily?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel irritated by others?<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you need help from others for personal care (washing, dressing)? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel restricted in your freedom of movement? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<li>In the past month, did you feel dependent on medical care or medication? [If yes: How much did that bother you?]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9couvrez le questionnaire TAAQOL (TNO-AZL Adult Quality of Life) : structure en 12 dimensions, cadre th\u00e9orique, propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques et cotation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[725,65,2],"tags":[700,16,169,1143,1142,1137],"class_list":["post-477","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-de-qualite-de-vie","category-psychologie-de-la-sante","category-psychometrie","tag-evaluation-fonctionnelle","tag-psychometrie","tag-qualite-de-vie-liee-a-la-sante","tag-sante-de-ladulte","tag-taaqol","tag-tno-azl"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=477"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/477\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}