{"id":458,"date":"2026-09-04T09:30:53","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T09:30:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/inventaire-multidimensionnel-douleur-mpi-dlv-whympi\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T09:30:53","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T09:30:53","slug":"inventaire-multidimensionnel-douleur-mpi-dlv-whympi","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=inventaire-multidimensionnel-douleur-mpi-dlv-whympi","title":{"rendered":"Inventaire multidimensionnel de la douleur \u2013 Version n\u00e9erlandaise \/ Inventaire multidimensionnel de la douleur de West Haven-Yale"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Inventaire multidimensionnel de la douleur<\/strong> (en anglais, <em>Multidimensional Pain Inventory<\/em> [MPI] ou initialement <em>West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory<\/em> [WHYMPI]), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dennis_C._Turk\">Dennis C. Turk<\/a>, Robert D. Kerns et Thomas E. Rudy en 1985, et adapt\u00e9 en n\u00e9erlandais sous l&rsquo;acronyme <strong>MPI-DLV<\/strong> (<em>Dutch Language Version<\/em>) par Richel Lousberg et Arnold J.M. Groenman en 1994, constitue un instrument d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale fond\u00e9 sur le mod\u00e8le cognitivo-comportemental et <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mod%C3%A8le_biopsychosocial\">biopsychosocial<\/a> de la douleur chronique. Con\u00e7u pour pallier les insuffisances des \u00e9valuations unidimensionnelles d&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 algique, cet auto-questionnaire de 52 items \u00e9value de mani\u00e8re exhaustive l&rsquo;impact multidimensionnel des syndromes douloureux chroniques (&gt; 6 semaines) \u00e0 travers trois sections distinctes et ind\u00e9pendantes.<\/p>\n<p>La premi\u00e8re section (20 items) explore l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience subjective de la douleur et son retentissement fonctionnel via cinq dimensions : la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la douleur, l&rsquo;interf\u00e9rence fonctionnelle dans la vie quotidienne, le sentiment de contr\u00f4le sur sa vie, la d\u00e9tresse affective et le soutien per\u00e7u de l&rsquo;entourage. La deuxi\u00e8me section (14 items) \u00e9value les r\u00e9ponses per\u00e7ues du conjoint ou du proche significatif (r\u00e9ponses punitives, solliciteuses ou distractives). La troisi\u00e8me section (18 items) mesure le niveau d&rsquo;engagement dans les activit\u00e9s quotidiennes (t\u00e2ches m\u00e9nag\u00e8res, travaux ext\u00e9rieurs, activit\u00e9s hors du domicile, activit\u00e9s sociales, ainsi qu&rsquo;un score composite d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale). Les r\u00e9ponses sont recueillies sur une \u00e9chelle num\u00e9rique en 7 points (0 \u00e0 6) pourvue d&rsquo;ancres s\u00e9mantiques contextuelles.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument permet \u00e9galement une classification typologique empirique des patients en trois sous-groupes cliniques distincts : les patients \u00ab dysfonctionnels \u00bb (<em>Dysfunctional<\/em>), les patients en \u00ab d\u00e9tresse interpersonnelle \u00bb (<em>Interpersonally Distressed<\/em>) et les patients \u00ab adaptatifs \u00bb (<em>Adaptive Copers<\/em>). Les \u00e9tudes de validation psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9montrent une excellente consistance interne (coefficients <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compris entre 0,70 et 0,90), une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest stable, une validit\u00e9 factorielle confirm\u00e9e et une sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e aux changements th\u00e9rapeutiques dans les programmes de r\u00e9adaptation multidisciplinaire.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Douleur chronique, Inventaire multidimensionnel de la douleur, WHYMPI, MPI-DLV, \u00e9valuation biopsychosociale, comportement de douleur, soutien social, adaptation cognitive, psychom\u00e9trie, analyse factorielle, typologie clinique, r\u00e9adaptation fonctionnelle, d\u00e9tresse affective.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Auteurs de la version princeps (WHYMPI \/ MPI, 1985) :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Robert D. Kerns, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, \u00c9tats-Unis ; D\u00e9partement de Psychiatrie, Neurologie et Psychologie, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yale.edu\">Yale University<\/a> School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dennis C. Turk, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Center for Pain Evaluation and Treatment, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, \u00c9tats-Unis ; ult\u00e9rieurement Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washington.edu\">University of Washington<\/a>, Seattle, WA, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Thomas E. Rudy, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Auteurs de la version n\u00e9erlandaise autoris\u00e9e (MPI-DLV, 1994) :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Richel Lousberg, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 D\u00e9partement de Psychologie M\u00e9dicale et de Psychiatrie, Universit\u00e9 de Maastricht (<em>Maastricht University<\/em>), Maastricht, Pays-Bas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Arnold J. M. Groenman, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 D\u00e9partement de Psychologie M\u00e9dicale, Universit\u00e9 de Maastricht, Maastricht, Pays-Bas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;Inventaire multidimensionnel de la douleur de West Haven-Yale (WHYMPI \/ MPI) et de son adaptation n\u00e9erlandaise (MPI-DLV) est de fournir une quantification standardis\u00e9e, rigoureuse et multidimensionnelle des composantes exp\u00e9rientielles, comportementales et interpersonnelles de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Douleur_chronique\">douleur chronique<\/a>. Historiquement, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation clinique de la douleur reposait quasi exclusivement sur des \u00e9chelles unidimensionnelles d&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 sensorielle (telles que l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle visuelle analogique ou l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle num\u00e9rique verbale). Bien que ces outils soient utiles en phase aigu\u00eb, ils \u00e9chouent \u00e0 capturer la complexit\u00e9 des syndromes douloureux persistant au-del\u00e0 de six semaines, o\u00f9 interviennent des remaniements cognitifs, \u00e9motionnels, comportementaux et relationnels majeurs.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan clinique, le MPI remplit trois fonctions cardinales :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation diagnostique et fonctionnelle initiale :<\/strong> Il permet de dresser un profil complet des r\u00e9percussions de la douleur sur le fonctionnement physique, professionnel, domestique et r\u00e9cr\u00e9atif du patient, tout en mesurant sa d\u00e9tresse \u00e9motionnelle (anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, irritabilit\u00e9, humeur d\u00e9pressive) et ses ressources d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La classification taxonomique des patients :<\/strong> Gr\u00e2ce aux algorithmes de classification empirique d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par Turk et Rudy, le MPI classe les patients douloureux chroniques en trois profils homog\u00e8nes (dysfonctionnel, d\u00e9tresse interpersonnelle, copers adaptatifs). Cette taxonomie guide l&rsquo;orientation vers des th\u00e9rapeutiques cibl\u00e9es et individualis\u00e9es, pr\u00e9disant quelles personnes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront prioritairement d&rsquo;un reconditionnement physique, d&rsquo;une th\u00e9rapie cognitivo-comportementale ax\u00e9e sur les pens\u00e9es catastrophistes, ou d&rsquo;une th\u00e9rapie de couple centr\u00e9e sur les interactions d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La mesure des r\u00e9sultats th\u00e9rapeutiques (<em>Outcome Measurement<\/em>) :<\/strong> L&rsquo;outil est particuli\u00e8rement sensible aux interventions multidisciplinaires de gestion de la douleur. Il permet de quantifier les progr\u00e8s ind\u00e9pendamment de la seule r\u00e9duction de l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 algique, notamment en mesurant la reprise des activit\u00e9s, la diminution de la d\u00e9tresse affective et la modification des contingences environnementales de renforcement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En recherche translationnelle et clinique, le WHYMPI\/MPI-DLV constitue un \u00e9talon-or pour comparer l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 relative des protocoles pharmacologiques, chirurgicaux, kin\u00e9sith\u00e9rapiques et psychoth\u00e9rapeutiques. Il facilite \u00e9galement l&rsquo;\u00e9tude des m\u00e9canismes de mod\u00e9ration et de m\u00e9diation dans l&rsquo;ajustement \u00e0 la douleur \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le MPI op\u00e9rationnalise le construit de la douleur chronique non comme une simple sensation nociceptive, mais comme une exp\u00e9rience multidimensionnelle structur\u00e9e en trois domaines conceptuels distincts :<\/p>\n<h3>Section 1 : Exp\u00e9rience v\u00e9cue et retentissement psychosocial<\/h3>\n<p>Cette premi\u00e8re partie explore la mani\u00e8re dont le patient appr\u00e9hende et subit sa condition au quotidien \u00e0 travers cinq \u00e9chelles :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la douleur (<em>Pain Severity<\/em> &#8211; 3 items) :<\/strong> Mesure l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 actuelle et moyenne de la douleur ressentie au cours de la semaine \u00e9coul\u00e9e, ainsi que l&rsquo;ampleur de la souffrance globale g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par les sympt\u00f4mes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interf\u00e9rence (<em>Interference<\/em> &#8211; 9 items) :<\/strong> \u00c9value le degr\u00e9 auquel la douleur perturbe les activit\u00e9s quotidiennes fondamentales, le travail professionnel ou domestique, les relations familiales, les activit\u00e9s r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives, les amiti\u00e9s et la qualit\u00e9 du sommeil.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Contr\u00f4le sur la vie (<em>Life Control<\/em> &#8211; 4 items) :<\/strong> Quantifie le sentiment d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9, la ma\u00eetrise per\u00e7ue sur les \u00e9v\u00e9nements de vie, la capacit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 la douleur et l&rsquo;aptitude \u00e0 en moduler l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 par des strat\u00e9gies personnelles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9tresse affective (<em>Affective Distress<\/em> &#8211; 3 items) :<\/strong> Mesure les manifestations de l&rsquo;affectivit\u00e9 n\u00e9gative directement li\u00e9es \u00e0 la condition douloureuse, incluant la tension anxieuse, l&rsquo;irritabilit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;alt\u00e9ration de l&rsquo;humeur g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Soutien social per\u00e7u (<em>Support<\/em> &#8211; 1 item) :<\/strong> \u00c9value le degr\u00e9 de soutien \u00e9motionnel et d&rsquo;assistance per\u00e7u comme \u00e9tant apport\u00e9 par le conjoint ou le proche significatif en regard de la douleur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Section 2 : R\u00e9ponses per\u00e7ues du conjoint ou de l&rsquo;entourage significatif<\/h3>\n<p>Fond\u00e9e sur les mod\u00e8les de conditionnement op\u00e9rant, cette section analyse les r\u00e9actions comportementales du partenaire telles qu&rsquo;elles sont per\u00e7ues par le patient lorsque celui-ci exprime sa douleur :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9ponses punitives (<em>Punishing Responses<\/em> &#8211; 4 items) :<\/strong> Perceptions de r\u00e9actions n\u00e9gatives, d&rsquo;irritation, de col\u00e8re, de frustration ou d&rsquo;ignorance de la part du partenaire face aux plaintes douloureuses du patient.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9ponses solliciteuses (<em>Solicitous Responses<\/em> &#8211; 6 items) :<\/strong> Comportements de bienveillance excessive, d&rsquo;assistance imm\u00e9diate, de prise en charge des t\u00e2ches du patient, d&rsquo;encouragement au repos ou d&rsquo;administration de soins physiques (massages, m\u00e9dicaments), qui peuvent involontairement renforcer l&rsquo;invalidation et les comportements de douleur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9ponses distractives (<em>Distracting Responses<\/em> &#8211; 4 items) :<\/strong> Strat\u00e9gies du partenaire visant \u00e0 d\u00e9tourner l&rsquo;attention du patient de sa douleur en engageant la conversation, en proposant des loisirs ou en stimulant la r\u00e9alisation d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s alternatives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Section 3 : Niveau d&rsquo;engagement dans les activit\u00e9s quotidiennes<\/h3>\n<p>Cette section quantifie la fr\u00e9quence r\u00e9elle de participation \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s structur\u00e9es r\u00e9parties en quatre sous-\u00e9chelles, compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par un indice global :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u00e2ches m\u00e9nag\u00e8res (<em>Household Chores<\/em> &#8211; 5 items) :<\/strong> Activit\u00e9s de maintien du domicile (faire la vaisselle, pr\u00e9parer les repas, nettoyer la maison, faire la lessive, faire les courses).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Travaux ext\u00e9rieurs et bricolage (<em>Outdoor Work<\/em> &#8211; 5 items) :<\/strong> Activit\u00e9s physiques d&rsquo;entretien ext\u00e9rieur (tondre la pelouse, jardiner, ramasser les feuilles, laver la voiture, r\u00e9aliser des r\u00e9parations domestiques).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Activit\u00e9s hors du domicile (<em>Activities Away from Home<\/em> &#8211; 4 items) :<\/strong> D\u00e9placements et sorties r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives autonomes (aller au cin\u00e9ma, visiter un mus\u00e9e ou un parc, manger au restaurant, rendre visite \u00e0 des proches).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Activit\u00e9s sociales (<em>Social Activities<\/em> &#8211; 4 items) :<\/strong> Interactions r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives interpersonnelles (voir des amis, recevoir des invit\u00e9s \u00e0 domicile, participer \u00e0 des r\u00e9unions festives, jouer aux cartes ou \u00e0 des jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Niveau g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 (<em>General Activity Level<\/em>) :<\/strong> Score composite calcul\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;ensemble des 18 items de la section 3, refl\u00e9tant le dynamisme comportemental global du sujet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Profils cliniques empiriques (Typologie de Turk et Rudy)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse typologique (<em>cluster analysis<\/em>) des profils MPI permet de distinguer trois configurations prototypiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Le profil \u00ab Dysfonctionnel \u00bb (<em>Dysfunctional<\/em>) :<\/strong> Caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 algique \u00e9lev\u00e9e, une interf\u00e9rence majeure dans toutes les sph\u00e8res de l&rsquo;existence, une d\u00e9tresse affective marqu\u00e9e et un niveau d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique tr\u00e8s bas.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le profil en \u00ab D\u00e9tresse Interpersonnelle \u00bb (<em>Interpersonally Distressed<\/em>) :<\/strong> Se distingue par une perception tr\u00e8s faible du soutien social, un taux \u00e9lev\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponses punitives de la part de l&rsquo;entourage et une insatisfaction relationnelle profonde face \u00e0 la douleur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le profil \u00ab Adaptatif \u00bb (<em>Adaptive Coper<\/em>) :<\/strong> Caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par des niveaux mod\u00e9r\u00e9s de douleur, une faible interf\u00e9rence, une d\u00e9tresse affective minime, un sentiment de contr\u00f4le \u00e9lev\u00e9 et le maintien d&rsquo;une activit\u00e9 quotidienne satisfaisante.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9laboration de l&rsquo;Inventaire multidimensionnel de la douleur s&rsquo;enracine \u00e0 la convergence de plusieurs courants majeurs de la psychologie m\u00e9dicale et comportementale :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Le mod\u00e8le biopsychosocial et cognitivo-comportemental de la douleur<\/h3>\n<p>Port\u00e9 initialement par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_L._Engel\">George L. Engel<\/a> puis transpos\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;algologie par Dennis C. Turk, Robert D. Kerns et Thomas E. Rudy, le mod\u00e8le cognitivo-comportemental postule que l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience de la douleur r\u00e9sulte d&rsquo;une interaction r\u00e9ciproque et continue entre des signaux nociceptifs physiologiques, des processus cognitifs d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation (<em>appraisal<\/em>), des \u00e9tats \u00e9motionnels et des facteurs contextuels d&rsquo;apprentissage social. Selon cette perspective, les croyances du patient sur sa maladie, son sentiment d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auto-efficacit%C3%A9\">Bandura<\/a>) et ses strat\u00e9gies de coping modulent directement l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 du ressenti douloureux et le handicap qui en d\u00e9coule.<\/p>\n<h3>2. La th\u00e9orie du conditionnement op\u00e9rant et les comportements de douleur<\/h3>\n<p>Fond\u00e9e sur les travaux pionniers de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilbert_E._Fordyce\">Wilbert E. Fordyce<\/a> (1976), cette approche d\u00e9montre que les expressions manifestes de la douleur (plaintes verbales, grimaces, postures antalgiques, \u00e9vitement de l&rsquo;effort) constituent des comportements op\u00e9rants susceptibles d&rsquo;\u00eatre maintenus ou amplifi\u00e9s par des contingences de renforcement environnementales. Les r\u00e9ponses solliciteuses de l&rsquo;entourage (attention accrue, d\u00e9charge des obligations quotidiennes) peuvent agir comme des renfor\u00e7ateurs positifs ou n\u00e9gatifs, p\u00e9rennisant l&rsquo;invalidit\u00e9 fonctionnelle ind\u00e9pendamment de la l\u00e9sion tissulaire initiale. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, des r\u00e9ponses punitives accroissent la d\u00e9tresse affective et la frustration relationnelle.<\/p>\n<h3>3. La th\u00e9orie du Gate Control et les dimensions de Melzack et Wall<\/h3>\n<p>La th\u00e9orie du contr\u00f4le du portillon (<em>Gate Control Theory<\/em>) introduite par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Melzack\">Ronald Melzack<\/a> et Patrick Wall (1965) a mis en \u00e9vidence l&rsquo;existence de trois dimensions fondamentales dans la douleur : sensorielle-discriminative, motivationnelle-affective et cognitive-\u00e9valuative. Le WHYMPI\/MPI constitue l&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnalisation psychom\u00e9trique directe de ces dimensions en les int\u00e9grant dans un format d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation standardis\u00e9 adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cologie de vie du patient.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Les qualit\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques du WHYMPI et de sa version n\u00e9erlandaise (MPI-DLV) ont fait l&rsquo;objet de validations empiriques exhaustives aupr\u00e8s de larges cohortes de patients souffrant de lombalgies chroniques, de fibromyalgie, de c\u00e9phal\u00e9es, de douleurs neuropathiques et de troubles musculosquelettiques divers.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et validit\u00e9 factorielle<\/h3>\n<p>La structure tripartie et multidimensionnelle de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e par de multiples analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires. Dans les \u00e9tudes de Kerns et al. (1985) ainsi que dans les travaux de validation n\u00e9erlandais de Lousberg et al. (1992, 1994), les analyses factorielles en composantes principales avec rotation varimax et oblimin ont reproduit sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 les 5 facteurs de la Section 1 (expliquant plus de 65 % de la variance), les 3 facteurs de la Section 2 (expliquant plus de 60 % de la variance) et les 4 facteurs de la Section 3.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations statistiquement significatives et th\u00e9oriquement coh\u00e9rentes avec de nombreux instruments de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;<strong>Interf\u00e9rence<\/strong> et celle de <strong>S\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/strong> corr\u00e8lent fortement et positivement avec l&rsquo;Indice d&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;Oswestry (<em>Oswestry Disability Index<\/em>, r = 0,60 \u00e0 0,75) et avec l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 de Roland-Morris (r = 0,65 \u00e0 0,72).<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de <strong>D\u00e9tresse affective<\/strong> pr\u00e9sente de fortes corr\u00e9lations positives avec l&rsquo;Inventaire de D\u00e9pression de Beck (<em>Beck Depression Inventory<\/em>, r = 0,65 \u00e0 0,74) et avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 du STAI (r = 0,58 \u00e0 0,68).<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de <strong>Contr\u00f4le sur la vie<\/strong> montre des corr\u00e9lations n\u00e9gatives robustes avec l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de catastrophisme de la douleur (<em>Pain Catastrophizing Scale<\/em>, r = -0,50 \u00e0 -0,62) et des corr\u00e9lations positives avec les scores d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 de la <em>Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire<\/em> (r = 0,55 \u00e0 0,68).<\/li>\n<li>La validit\u00e9 discriminante est attest\u00e9e par l&rsquo;absence de corr\u00e9lations significatives entre l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de soutien social ou les r\u00e9ponses du conjoint et les mesures purement biom\u00e9dicales ou l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 sensorielle brute.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de crit\u00e8re et sensibilit\u00e9 au changement<\/h3>\n<p>Le MPI-DLV discrimine avec pr\u00e9cision les patients actifs professionnellement des patients en invalidit\u00e9 prolong\u00e9e. Les \u00e9tudes longitudinales \u00e9valuant les programmes de restauration fonctionnelle multidisciplinaire d\u00e9montrent des tailles d&rsquo;effet substantielles (d de Cohen &gt; 0,70) sur la r\u00e9duction de l&rsquo;interf\u00e9rence et de la d\u00e9tresse affective, ainsi que sur l&rsquo;augmentation du niveau d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale apr\u00e8s traitement.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9e au moyen d&rsquo;indices de consistance interne et de stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (test-retest).<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne (Alpha de Cronbach)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de Kerns, Turk et Rudy (1985), ainsi que dans la validation n\u00e9erlandaise de Lousberg, Groenman et al. (1994, 1999), les coefficients de coh\u00e9rence interne se sont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9s particuli\u00e8rement satisfaisants pour l&rsquo;ensemble des sous-\u00e9chelles :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Section 1 :<\/strong> S\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la douleur (&alpha; = 0,80 \u00e0 0,86) ; Interf\u00e9rence (&alpha; = 0,88 \u00e0 0,92) ; Contr\u00f4le sur la vie (&alpha; = 0,78 \u00e0 0,83) ; D\u00e9tresse affective (&alpha; = 0,75 \u00e0 0,84). L&rsquo;item unique de Soutien n&rsquo;est pas soumis au calcul d&rsquo;alpha.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 2 :<\/strong> R\u00e9ponses punitives (&alpha; = 0,77 \u00e0 0,84) ; R\u00e9ponses solliciteuses (&alpha; = 0,78 \u00e0 0,85) ; R\u00e9ponses distractives (&alpha; = 0,72 \u00e0 0,79).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Section 3 :<\/strong> T\u00e2ches m\u00e9nag\u00e8res (&alpha; = 0,80 \u00e0 0,87) ; Travaux ext\u00e9rieurs (&alpha; = 0,74 \u00e0 0,81) ; Activit\u00e9s hors domicile (&alpha; = 0,70 \u00e0 0,78) ; Activit\u00e9s sociales (&alpha; = 0,71 \u00e0 0,77) ; Activit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale globale (&alpha; = 0,86 \u00e0 0,90).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest<\/h3>\n<p>La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 un intervalle de 2 semaines chez des patients douloureux chroniques en condition stable non trait\u00e9e. Les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse (CCI) et de corr\u00e9lation de Pearson oscillent entre <strong>0,68 et 0,91<\/strong> \u00e0 travers toutes les dimensions, confirmant une excellente reproductibilit\u00e9 temporelle de la mesure.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture factorielle du MPI repose sur une mod\u00e9lisation th\u00e9orique rigoureuse valid\u00e9e par des proc\u00e9dures d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analyse_factorielle\">analyse factorielle confirmatoire<\/a> (AFC) et exploratoire (AFE).<\/p>\n<h3>Structure de la Section 1 (Exp\u00e9rience de la douleur)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse en composantes principales suivie d&rsquo;une rotation oblique (Promax ou Oblimin) confirme l&rsquo;existence de 5 facteurs orthogonaux\/obliques stables :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 (Interf\u00e9rence) :<\/strong> Saturations factorielles \u00e9lev\u00e9es (0,62 \u00e0 0,88) pour les items 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14 et 17.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 (Contr\u00f4le per\u00e7u) :<\/strong> Saturations factorielles comprises entre 0,65 et 0,84 pour les items 5, 12, 15 et 16.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 (S\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la douleur) :<\/strong> Saturations fortes (0,72 \u00e0 0,89) pour les items 1, 7 et 19.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 4 (D\u00e9tresse affective) :<\/strong> Saturations de 0,68 \u00e0 0,82 pour les items 6, 18 et 20.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 5 (Soutien du conjoint) :<\/strong> Identifi\u00e9 comme un facteur isol\u00e9 robuste repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par l&rsquo;item 10.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Structure de la Section 2 (R\u00e9ponses du conjoint)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;AFC d\u00e9montre un ajustement optimal pour un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 3 facteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s (RMSEA &lt; 0,06 ; CFI &gt; 0,94 ; TLI &gt; 0,92) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur Solliciteux :<\/strong> Saturations significatives (0,58 \u00e0 0,81) sur les items 22, 25, 28, 31, 33 et 34.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur Punitif :<\/strong> Saturations allant de 0,64 \u00e0 0,85 sur les items 21, 24, 27 et 30.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur Distractif :<\/strong> Saturations comprises entre 0,55 et 0,78 sur les items 23, 26, 29 et 32.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Structure de la Section 3 (Activit\u00e9s quotidiennes)<\/h3>\n<p>La structure factorielle \u00e0 4 dimensions d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 (T\u00e2ches m\u00e9nag\u00e8res, Travaux ext\u00e9rieurs, Activit\u00e9s hors domicile, Activit\u00e9s sociales) pr\u00e9sente des saturations homog\u00e8nes (&gt; 0,50) pour l&rsquo;ensemble des 18 items correspondants, autorisant simultan\u00e9ment le calcul d&rsquo;un score composite d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (facteur de second ordre).<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Auto-questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique standardis\u00e9 (papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 52 items r\u00e9partis en trois sections ind\u00e9pendantes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Adultes et personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es souffrant de douleurs chroniques persistantes ou r\u00e9currentes depuis plus de 6 semaines.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format des r\u00e9ponses :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle num\u00e9rique en 7 points (gradu\u00e9e de 0 \u00e0 6) avec ancres verbales sp\u00e9cifiques adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 chaque formulation de question (ex. : 0 = <em>&lsquo;No pain&rsquo;<\/em> \/ <em>&lsquo;Not at all&rsquo;<\/em> \u00e0 6 = <em>&lsquo;Severe pain&rsquo;<\/em> \/ <em>&lsquo;Extreme&rsquo;<\/em> \/ <em>&lsquo;Very often&rsquo;<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e de passation :<\/strong> Environ 15 \u00e0 20 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcul des scores et cotation :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Chaque sous-\u00e9chelle est calcul\u00e9e en effectuant la moyenne arithm\u00e9tique des scores des items qui la composent (apr\u00e8s inversion des items n\u00e9cessaires), produisant un score continu de 0 \u00e0 6 pour chaque dimension.<\/li>\n<li><em>Section 1 :<\/em> S\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la douleur (Items 1, 7, 19) ; Interf\u00e9rence (Items 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17) ; Contr\u00f4le sur la vie (Items 5, 12, 15, 16) ; D\u00e9tresse affective (Items 6, 18, 20) ; Soutien (Item 10).<\/li>\n<li><em>Section 2 :<\/em> R\u00e9ponses punitives (Items 21, 24, 27, 30) ; R\u00e9ponses solliciteuses (Items 22, 25, 28, 31, 33, 34) ; R\u00e9ponses distractives (Items 23, 26, 29, 32).<\/li>\n<li><em>Section 3 :<\/em> T\u00e2ches m\u00e9nag\u00e8res (Items 35, 39, 41, 45, 49) ; Travaux ext\u00e9rieurs (Items 36, 40, 42, 46, 50) ; Activit\u00e9s hors domicile (Items 37, 43, 47, 51) ; Activit\u00e9s sociales (Items 38, 44, 48, 52) ; Activit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (Moyenne des 18 items 35 \u00e0 52).<\/li>\n<li><em>Classification typologique :<\/em> Les scores \u00e9talonn\u00e9s (notes T) peuvent \u00eatre inject\u00e9s dans les algorithmes de classification de Turk et Rudy pour attribuer automatiquement le profil clinique (Dysfonctionnel, D\u00e9tresse interpersonnelle, Coper adaptatif).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 1985 (WHYMPI \/ MPI version 2.0).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication de la version n\u00e9erlandaise (MPI-DLV) :<\/strong> 1994.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Droits d&rsquo;auteur et propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle :<\/strong> D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine dans le cadre de recherches acad\u00e9miques conjointes entre le West Haven VA Medical Center, la Yale University et l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Pittsburgh. Copyright &copy; 1985 Robert D. Kerns, Dennis C. Turk, Thomas E. Rudy. Adaptation n\u00e9erlandaise Copyright &copy; 1994 Richel Lousberg et Arnold J.M. Groenman.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation et tarifs :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument est largement disponible dans le domaine de la recherche scientifique et acad\u00e9mique \u00e0 des fins non commerciales. Les versions et manuels cliniques peuvent faire l&rsquo;objet de demandes d&rsquo;autorisation aupr\u00e8s des auteurs ou des d\u00e9tenteurs des droits pour les utilisations commerciales ou l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration dans des plateformes logicielles propri\u00e9taires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. <em>Science<\/em>, 196(4286), 129\u2013136. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.847460\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.847460<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Fordyce, W. E. (1976). <em>Behavioral methods for chronic pain and illness<\/em>. C.V. Mosby.<\/li>\n<li>Kerns, R. D., Turk, D. C., &amp; Rudy, T. E. (1985). The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). <em>Pain<\/em>, 23(4), 345\u2013356. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(85)90004-1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(85)90004-1<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lousberg, R., Groenman, A. J. M., Schmidt, A. J., &amp; Gielen, J. J. (1992). The Multidimensional Pain Inventory \u2013 Dutch Language Version (MPI-DLV): Psychometric qualities. <em>Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie en haar Grensgebieden<\/em>, 47, 240\u2013252.<\/li>\n<li>Lousberg, R., &amp; Groenman, A. J. M. (1994). <em>Handleiding Multidimensional Pain Inventory \u2013 Dutch Language Version (MPI-DLV)<\/em>. Maastricht: Rijksuniversiteit Limburg.<\/li>\n<li>Lousberg, R., Van Breukelen, G. J., Groenman, A. J., Schmidt, A. J., Arntz, A., &amp; Winter, F. A. (1999). Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory, Dutch version (MPI-DLV). <em>Behaviour Research and Therapy<\/em>, 37(2), 167\u2013182. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0005-7967(98)00115-4\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0005-7967(98)00115-4<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Melzack, R., &amp; Wall, P. D. (1965). Pain mechanisms: A new theory. <em>Science<\/em>, 150(3699), 971\u2013979. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.150.3699.971\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.150.3699.971<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rudy, T. E., Turk, D. C., Zaki, H. S., &amp; Curtin, H. D. (1989). An empirical taxometric alternative to traditional classification of temporomandibular disorders. <em>Pain<\/em>, 36(3), 311\u2013320. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90091-2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90091-2<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Turk, D. C., &amp; Rudy, T. E. (1988). Toward an empirically derived taxonomy of chronic pain patients: Integration of psychological assessment data. <em>Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 56(2), 233\u2013238. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006x.56.2.233\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006x.56.2.233<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> This questionnaire is designed to help us better understand your pain and how it affects your life. Please read each question carefully and circle the number that best describes your response.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> 7-point numerical rating scale (0 to 6) with item-specific verbal anchors (e.g., 0 = &#039;No pain&#039; \/ &#039;Not at all&#039; to 6 = &#039;Severe pain&#039; \/ &#039;Extreme&#039; \/ &#039;Very often&#039;)\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> The inventory consists of three sections:<br \/>\nSection 1 (20 items): Assesses five dimensions of chronic pain experience:<br \/>\n&#8211; Pain Severity (Items 1, 7, 19)<br \/>\n&#8211; Interference (Items 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17)<br \/>\n&#8211; Life Control (Items 5, 12, 15, 16)<br \/>\n&#8211; Affective Distress (Items 6, 18, 20)<br \/>\n&#8211; Support (Items 10)<\/p>\n<p>Section 2 (14 items): Assesses perceptions of significant other&#039;s responses to pain communications:<br \/>\n&#8211; Punishing Responses (Items 21, 24, 27, 30)<br \/>\n&#8211; Solicitous Responses (Items 22, 25, 28, 31, 33, 34)<br \/>\n&#8211; Distracting Responses (Items 23, 26, 29, 32)<\/p>\n<p>Section 3 (18 items): Assesses participation in daily activities across four subscales:<br \/>\n&#8211; Household Chores (Items 35, 39, 41, 45, 49)<br \/>\n&#8211; Outdoor Work (Items 36, 40, 42, 46, 50)<br \/>\n&#8211; Activities Away from Home (Items 37, 43, 47, 51)<br \/>\n&#8211; Social Activities (Items 38, 44, 48, 52)<br \/>\n&#8211; General Activity Level is a composite across Section 3.<br \/>\nItem responses within each subscale are summed and averaged (some items reversed where appropriate).\n    <\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Section 1:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Rate the level of your pain at the present time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In general, how much does your pain interfere with your day-to-day activities?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Since your pain began, how much has your ability to work changed?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much has your pain changed the amount of satisfaction you get from family-related activities?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much control do you feel that you have over your life?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much has your pain changed your overall mood?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">On the average, how severe has your pain been during the past week?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much has your pain changed your ability to participate in social and other recreational activities?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much has your pain changed your ability to participate in activities with your family?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How supportive or helpful is your spouse (or significant other) to you in relation to your pain?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much has your pain interfered with your ability to get enough sleep?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much control do you feel you have over your pain?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much has your pain changed your ability to do household chores?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much has your pain changed your ability to do your job (or work around the house)?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How well do you feel you are coping with your pain?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much ability do you have to decrease your pain?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much has your pain changed your friendships with people other than your family?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past week, how tense or anxious have you been?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past week, how much suffering have you experienced because of your pain?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past week, how irritable have you been?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Section 2 (Responses of Significant Other):<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Ignores me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Asks me what he\/she can do to help.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Reads to me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Expresses irritation at me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Takes over my chores or duties.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Talks to me to take my mind off the pain.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Expresses anger and frustration at me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Gets me pain medication or something to drink\/eat.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Encourages me to work on a hobby or activity.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Expresses frustration at me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Encourages me to rest.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Tries to get me involved in some activity.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Gives me a massage or backrub.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Asks me how I am feeling.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Section 3 (Daily Activities):<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Wash dishes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mow the lawn.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Go to a movie.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Visit friends.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Help with the grocery shopping.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Work in the garden.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Prepare a meal.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Rake leaves.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Go to a park or museum.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have friends visit you at home.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Clean the house (e.g., vacuuming, dusting).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Wash the car.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Go out to eat.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Go to a party or social gathering.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do the laundry.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do home improvement or repair projects.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Go out to visit relatives.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Play cards or other games with other people.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9couvrez l&rsquo;Inventaire multidimensionnel de la douleur (MPI \/ WHYMPI \/ MPI-DLV) d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Kerns, Turk et Rudy (1985) et Lousberg et Groenman (1994). Guide acad\u00e9mique complet en psychom\u00e9trie, validit\u00e9, analyse factorielle et cotation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[1032,1077,2],"tags":[1082,1083,69,1081,1078,1080,16,1084,1079],"class_list":["post-458","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-devaluation-de-la-douleur","category-psychologie-clinique-et-medicale","category-psychometrie","tag-comportement-de-douleur","tag-dennis-turk","tag-douleur-chronique","tag-evaluation-biopsychosociale","tag-mpi","tag-mpi-dlv","tag-psychometrie","tag-robert-kerns","tag-whympi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=458"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/458\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}