{"id":305,"date":"2026-09-04T08:30:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T08:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/echelle-satisfaction-experience-utilisateur-jeux-video-guess\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T08:30:27","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T08:30:27","slug":"echelle-satisfaction-experience-utilisateur-jeux-video-guess","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=echelle-satisfaction-experience-utilisateur-jeux-video-guess","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chelle de satisfaction de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience utilisateur de jeu vid\u00e9o"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>\u00c9chelle de satisfaction de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience utilisateur de jeu vid\u00e9o<\/strong> (<em>Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale<\/em> ou <strong>GUESS<\/strong>) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique multidimensionnel con\u00e7u pour \u00e9valuer de mani\u00e8re standardis\u00e9e et rigoureuse la satisfaction globale des joueurs \u00e0 travers une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de genres de jeux vid\u00e9o. D\u00e9velopp\u00e9e en 2016 par Mikki H. Phan, Joseph R. Keebler et Barbara S. Chaparro \u00e0 l&rsquo;issue d&rsquo;un protocole m\u00e9thodologique mixte approfondi, la GUESS r\u00e9pond \u00e0 l&rsquo;absence historique d&rsquo;instruments psychom\u00e9triquement valid\u00e9s et universels dans le domaine de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience utilisateur (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exp%C3%A9rience_utilisateur\">User Experience<\/a>, UX) et des tests de jeu (<em>playtesting<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument comprend un total de <strong>55 items<\/strong> articul\u00e9s autour de <strong>neuf sous-\u00e9chelles distinctes mais interd\u00e9pendantes<\/strong> : <em>Facilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;utilisation\/Jouabilit\u00e9<\/em> (Usability\/Playability), <em>Aspects narratifs<\/em> (Narratives), <em>Absorption ludique<\/em> (Play Engrossment), <em>Plaisir de jeu<\/em> (Enjoyment), <em>Libert\u00e9 cr\u00e9ative<\/em> (Creative Freedom), <em>Esth\u00e9tique sonore<\/em> (Audio Aesthetics), <em>Gratification personnelle<\/em> (Personal Gratification), <em>Connectivit\u00e9 sociale<\/em> (Social Connectivity) et <em>Esth\u00e9tique visuelle<\/em> (Visual Aesthetics). Les r\u00e9ponses sont recueillies au moyen d&rsquo;un format de r\u00e9ponse de type Likert permettant une quantification fine des dimensions cognitives, affectives et comportementales de l&rsquo;engagement vid\u00e9oludique.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan m\u00e9trologique, la GUESS a \u00e9t\u00e9 valid\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s de deux vastes \u00e9chantillons ind\u00e9pendants totalisant 1 358 participants \u00e9valuant plus de 450 titres vid\u00e9oludiques distincts. L&rsquo;analyse factorielle exploratoire (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 629\">$N = 629$<\/span>) suivie d&rsquo;une analyse factorielle confirmatoire (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 729\">$N = 729$<\/span>) a confirm\u00e9 l&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation robuste du mod\u00e8le \u00e0 9 facteurs. L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d\u00e9montre une excellente coh\u00e9rence interne sur l&rsquo;ensemble de ses dimensions ainsi qu&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 de construit, convergente et discriminante solidement \u00e9tay\u00e9e. Elle constitue un \u00e9talon de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la recherche acad\u00e9mique en psychologie des m\u00e9dias et en <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interaction_homme-machine\">interaction homme-machine<\/a> (IHM), tout comme pour l&rsquo;industrie du jeu vid\u00e9o lors des phases it\u00e9ratives d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation ergonomique.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>jeux vid\u00e9o, psychom\u00e9trie, exp\u00e9rience utilisateur, satisfaction du joueur, tests de jeu, interaction homme-machine, immersion cognitive, th\u00e9orie du flow, ergonomie ludique, validation d&rsquo;\u00e9chelle<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 conceptualis\u00e9e, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e et valid\u00e9e par une \u00e9quipe d&rsquo;enseignants-chercheurs sp\u00e9cialistes des facteurs humains, de la psychologie cognitive et de l&rsquo;ergonomie des interfaces :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mikki H. Phan, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Wichita State University, Department of Psychology, Human Factors and Applied Psychology Laboratory.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Joseph R. Keebler, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology. Sp\u00e9cialiste de la mod\u00e9lisation statistique, de la charge cognitive et de la performance humaine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Barbara S. Chaparro, Ph.D.<\/strong> (Auteure correspondante) \u2014 Wichita State University, Department of Psychology, Wichita, Kansas, \u00c9tats-Unis. Courriel : <a href=\"mailto:barbara.chaparro@wichita.edu\">barbara.chaparro@wichita.edu<\/a>. Directrice de recherche en utilisabilit\u00e9 et facteurs humains appliqu\u00e9s aux technologies interactives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;industrie contemporaine du divertissement num\u00e9rique, le jeu vid\u00e9o repr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;un des secteurs \u00e9conomiques et culturels les plus dynamiques au monde. Les processus de production recourent massivement aux s\u00e9ances de tests utilisateurs (<em>playtesting<\/em>) pour ajuster les m\u00e9caniques de jeu, identifier les points de friction et maximiser l&rsquo;engagement des utilisateurs avant le d\u00e9ploiement commercial. Cependant, les m\u00e9thodes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation ont longtemps repos\u00e9 sur des approches ad hoc, des grilles heuristiques non standardis\u00e9es ou des questionnaires unidimensionnels isol\u00e9s (par exemple ax\u00e9s uniquement sur le sentiment de pr\u00e9sence ou sur l&rsquo;utilisabilit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rique logicielle telle que mesur\u00e9e par la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/System_Usability_Scale\">System Usability Scale<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Ces instruments traditionnels pr\u00e9sentaient trois limites majeures :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Une focalisation \u00e9troite sur l&rsquo;ergonomie utilitaire au d\u00e9triment du plaisir intrins\u00e8que, de la dimension artistique ou de l&rsquo;attachement narratif ;<\/li>\n<li>Une restriction \u00e0 des genres sp\u00e9cifiques (MMORPG ou jeux de tir \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne), emp\u00eachant toute g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation inter-genres ;<\/li>\n<li>Une absence fr\u00e9quente de validation psychom\u00e9trique formelle (manque de v\u00e9rification de la structure factorielle, de la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle ou de la validit\u00e9 discriminante).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif principal du d\u00e9veloppement de la <strong>GUESS<\/strong> a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 de concevoir et de valider un instrument d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation complet, psychom\u00e9triquement robuste et standardis\u00e9, capable de quantifier de fa\u00e7on granulaire les multiples d\u00e9terminants de la satisfaction du joueur. L&rsquo;outil a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour s&rsquo;appliquer de mani\u00e8re universelle, sans restriction de plateforme (console, ordinateur, mobile) ou de genre ludique (action, jeu de r\u00f4le, aventure, puzzle, simulation, strat\u00e9gie).<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan des <strong>applications pratiques et de recherche<\/strong>, la GUESS remplit une double fonction :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>En recherche fondamentale et appliqu\u00e9e en psychologie des m\u00e9dias et en IHM :<\/strong> Elle permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier scientifiquement les liens fonctionnels unissant les caract\u00e9ristiques structurelles du jeu (rythme narratif, conception sonore, libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;action) aux \u00e9tats psychologiques des joueurs (absorption, sentiment d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9, sentiment d&rsquo;appartenance sociale).<\/li>\n<li><strong>En ing\u00e9nierie de production et d\u00e9veloppement de jeux vid\u00e9o :<\/strong> Elle fournit aux concepteurs (<em>game designers<\/em>), ergonomes et chercheurs UX des m\u00e9triques norm\u00e9es pour diagnostiquer pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les forces et faiblesses d&rsquo;un prototype lors des phases it\u00e9ratives de playtest, facilitant ainsi des debriefings cibl\u00e9s et des arbitrages de conception fond\u00e9s sur des donn\u00e9es empiriques solides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>La satisfaction de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience utilisateur dans le contexte du jeu vid\u00e9o est un <strong>construit psychologique latent multidimensionnel<\/strong> complexe. Elle d\u00e9passe la simple dichotomie \u00ab amusant \u00bb ou \u00ab non amusant \u00bb pour englober un ensemble interconnect\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9tats cognitifs, \u00e9motionnels, sensoriels et sociaux. Le mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique de la GUESS formalise ce construit \u00e0 travers neuf dimensions op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9es comme suit :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Facilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;utilisation \/ Jouabilit\u00e9 (Usability \/ Playability)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value l&rsquo;intuitivit\u00e9 des commandes, la lisibilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;interface utilisateur, la r\u00e9activit\u00e9 des entr\u00e9es motrices, la clart\u00e9 des objectifs et la facilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;apprentissage des m\u00e9caniques de jeu. Une jouabilit\u00e9 optimale minimise la charge cognitive extrins\u00e8que, permettant au joueur d&rsquo;allouer ses ressources attentionnelles aux d\u00e9fis intrins\u00e8ques du jeu sans \u00eatre entrav\u00e9 par des frictions techniques ou des erreurs d&rsquo;interface irr\u00e9cup\u00e9rables.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Aspects narratifs (Narratives)<\/h3>\n<p>La sous-\u00e9chelle narrative mesure le degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;immersion dans l&rsquo;histoire, la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;univers di\u00e9g\u00e9tique, l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat suscit\u00e9 par l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de l&rsquo;intrigue, la mise en sc\u00e8ne cin\u00e9matique et l&rsquo;attachement affectif envers les personnages. Elle quantifie la capacit\u00e9 du jeu \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un transport narratif (<em>narrative transportation<\/em>) chez le joueur.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Absorption ludique (Play Engrossment)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;absorption ludique capture l&rsquo;\u00e9tat d&rsquo;engagement attentionnel profond, la perte de la notion du temps, l&rsquo;att\u00e9nuation de la conscience de l&rsquo;environnement physique imm\u00e9diat et le sentiment d&rsquo;\u00e9vasion psychologique par rapport aux soucis du monde r\u00e9el. Cette dimension est \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e aux concepts d&rsquo;immersion cognitive et de pr\u00e9sence spatiale.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Plaisir de jeu (Enjoyment)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value la valence affective positive globale \u00e9prouv\u00e9e durant la session de jeu, le niveau de divertissement per\u00e7u, l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;ennui ou de frustration non constructive, et la propension du joueur \u00e0 recommander l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience \u00e0 ses pairs. Il s&rsquo;agit du noyau h\u00e9donique fondamental de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience vid\u00e9oludique.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Libert\u00e9 cr\u00e9ative (Creative Freedom)<\/h3>\n<p>La libert\u00e9 cr\u00e9ative mesure l&rsquo;autonomie accord\u00e9e au joueur pour explorer diff\u00e9rentes strat\u00e9gies, r\u00e9soudre des probl\u00e8mes par des voies alternatives, personnaliser son avatar ou son environnement et exercer son agentivit\u00e9 cognitive et comportementale au sein du syst\u00e8me de r\u00e8gles.<\/p>\n<h3>6. Esth\u00e9tique sonore (Audio Aesthetics)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9value la qualit\u00e9 technique, la pertinence contextuelle et la charge \u00e9motionnelle v\u00e9hicul\u00e9e par la bande-son musicale, les ambiances sonores et les effets de bruitage (<em>sound design<\/em>), ainsi que leur contribution au r\u00e9alisme sensoriel et \u00e0 l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re globale.<\/p>\n<h3>7. Gratification personnelle (Personal Gratification)<\/h3>\n<p>La gratification personnelle quantifie le sentiment d&rsquo;accomplissement, la fiert\u00e9 issue du d\u00e9passement d&rsquo;obstacles, la perception de comp\u00e9tence personnelle et la valorisation par les syst\u00e8mes de r\u00e9compenses intrins\u00e8ques et extrins\u00e8ques int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans le jeu.<\/p>\n<h3>8. Connectivit\u00e9 sociale (Social Connectivity)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension explore la qualit\u00e9 des interactions multijoueurs, le sentiment d&rsquo;appartenance \u00e0 une communaut\u00e9 de joueurs, l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des outils de communication en jeu et la stimulation de la coop\u00e9ration ou d&rsquo;une saine comp\u00e9tition interpersonnelle.<\/p>\n<h3>9. Esth\u00e9tique visuelle (Visual Aesthetics)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;esth\u00e9tique visuelle mesure l&rsquo;attrait graphique, la coh\u00e9rence de la direction artistique par rapport \u00e0 la th\u00e9matique narrative et la qualit\u00e9 des effets visuels contribuant \u00e0 l&rsquo;enrichissement perceptif de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience interactive.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture conceptuelle de la GUESS s&rsquo;enracine \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e de plusieurs grands cadres th\u00e9oriques de la psychologie cognitive, de la psychologie de la motivation et de l&rsquo;ergonomie des interactions homme-machine :<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie du Flow (Exp\u00e9rience optimale)<\/h3>\n<p>Formul\u00e9e initialement par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mih%C3%A1ly_Cs%C3%ADkszentmih%C3%A1lyi\">Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi<\/a> (1975, 1990), la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flow_(psychologie)\">th\u00e9orie du flow<\/a> postule qu&rsquo;un individu atteint un \u00e9tat optimal de concentration, d&rsquo;immersion et de plaisir lorsque le niveau de d\u00e9fi propos\u00e9 par une t\u00e2che s&rsquo;ajuste parfaitement au niveau de comp\u00e9tence de l&rsquo;op\u00e9rateur. Dans le contexte du jeu vid\u00e9o, les sous-\u00e9chelles d&rsquo;<em>Absorption ludique<\/em>, de <em>Jouabilit\u00e9<\/em> et de <em>Gratification personnelle<\/em> traduisent directement les composantes canoniques du flow : objectifs clairs, feedback imm\u00e9diat, \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9fi-comp\u00e9tence, absorption totale et sentiment de contr\u00f4le.<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;autod\u00e9termination (TAD)<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Edward L. Deci et Richard M. Ryan (2000), la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9orie_de_l%27autod%C3%A9termination\">th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;autod\u00e9termination<\/a> stipule que le bien-\u00eatre psychologique et la motivation intrins\u00e8que reposent sur la satisfaction de trois besoins fondamentaux :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Le besoin d&rsquo;autonomie :<\/strong> op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9 dans la GUESS par la sous-\u00e9chelle <em>Libert\u00e9 cr\u00e9ative<\/em> ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le besoin de comp\u00e9tence :<\/strong> repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par la dimension <em>Gratification personnelle<\/em> et le sentiment d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 dans la ma\u00eetrise des r\u00e8gles ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le besoin d&rsquo;appartenance sociale :<\/strong> formalis\u00e9 \u00e0 travers la dimension <em>Connectivit\u00e9 sociale<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Les mod\u00e8les d&rsquo;Immersion et de Pr\u00e9sence spatiale<\/h3>\n<p>S&rsquo;appuyant sur les travaux de Brown et Cairns (2004), Lombard et Ditton (1997), ainsi que de Witmer et Singer (1998), la GUESS conceptualise l&rsquo;immersion non comme un \u00e9tat monolithique, mais comme une dynamique progressive englobant l&rsquo;engagement sensoriel (<em>Esth\u00e9tiques visuelle et sonore<\/em>), l&rsquo;implication narrative (<em>Aspects narratifs<\/em>) et l&rsquo;absorption psychologique totale conduisant \u00e0 une suspension de l&rsquo;incr\u00e9dulit\u00e9 et \u00e0 une d\u00e9connexion de l&rsquo;environnement physique.<\/p>\n<h3>L&rsquo;Ergonomie logicielle et l&rsquo;Ing\u00e9nierie de l&rsquo;utilisabilit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>La composante <em>Facilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;utilisation\/Jouabilit\u00e9<\/em> s&rsquo;appuie sur les principes classiques d&rsquo;ergonomie cognitive (Brooke, 1996 ; Nielsen, 1994), transpos\u00e9s au contexte sp\u00e9cifique du jeu vid\u00e9o par Federoff (2002) et Desurvire et al. (2004). Le jeu vid\u00e9o impose une distinction cruciale : alors qu&rsquo;un logiciel de productivit\u00e9 vise \u00e0 \u00e9liminer toute difficult\u00e9, un jeu vid\u00e9o doit offrir une interface transparente pour que la difficult\u00e9 r\u00e9side exclusivement dans le d\u00e9fi ludique d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment con\u00e7u.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Le processus de validation psychom\u00e9trique de la GUESS a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;un protocole empirique en plusieurs phases pour garantir une validit\u00e9 robuste \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents niveaux d&rsquo;analyse :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu (Content Validity)<\/h3>\n<p>La g\u00e9n\u00e9ration initiale des items a repos\u00e9 sur une revue exhaustive de la litt\u00e9rature scientifique en IHM et psychologie des jeux, compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par l&rsquo;analyse de questionnaires existants et de grilles heuristiques. Un ensemble initial d&rsquo;items a \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis \u00e0 un panel d&rsquo;experts en facteurs humains et en conception de jeux vid\u00e9o afin d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la clart\u00e9, la pertinence th\u00e9orique et l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s, conduisant \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9puration et au raffinement du corpus d&rsquo;items.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations positives statistiquement significatives (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0{,}001\">$p &lt; 0{,}001$<\/span>) entre les sous-\u00e9chelles de la GUESS et des instruments pr\u00e9existants mesurant des construits analogues, notamment l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de satisfaction d&rsquo;interface (QUIS), l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;engagement vid\u00e9oludique (<em>Game Engagement Questionnaire<\/em>, GEQ) et les mesures d&rsquo;immersion de Brown &amp; Cairns. La validit\u00e9 discriminante a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e par le fait que les corr\u00e9lations inter-facteurs au sein du mod\u00e8le \u00e0 9 facteurs, bien que positives et mod\u00e9r\u00e9es (refl\u00e9tant le construit global de satisfaction), ne pr\u00e9sentaient aucun signe de colin\u00e9arit\u00e9 excessive (valeurs de corr\u00e9lation g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement comprises entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0{,}30\">$r = 0{,}30$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0{,}65\">$r = 0{,}65$<\/span>, d\u00e9montrant que chaque sous-\u00e9chelle capture une part de variance unique).<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 externe et \u00e9cologique<\/h3>\n<p>La robustesse \u00e9cologique de la GUESS a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 exceptionnelle des supports \u00e9valu\u00e9s lors de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps : plus de <strong>450 titres vid\u00e9oludiques distincts<\/strong> couvrant des genres vari\u00e9s (Action\/Aventure, RPG, FPS, Strat\u00e9gie, Simulation, Casual\/Puzzle, Sports, MMO). Les analyses invariantes ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que la structure \u00e0 9 facteurs conserve sa pertinence ind\u00e9pendamment du titre ou du support utilis\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e sous l&rsquo;angle de la coh\u00e9rence interne et de la pr\u00e9cision de mesure au sein de chaque sous-\u00e9chelle :<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne (Alpha de Cronbach)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse des r\u00e9ponses recueillies lors des phases exploratoires et confirmatoires a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des indices de coh\u00e9rence interne tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9s, largement sup\u00e9rieurs au seuil standard de <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}70\">$0{,}70$<\/span> pr\u00e9conis\u00e9 par Nunnally (1978) et DeVellis (2012) pour les instruments psychom\u00e9triques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;utilisation \/ Jouabilit\u00e9 (9 items) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}89\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}89$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Aspects narratifs (6 items) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}91\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}91$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Absorption ludique (8 items) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}89\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}89$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Plaisir de jeu (5 items) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}88\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}88$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Libert\u00e9 cr\u00e9ative (7 items) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}86\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}86$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Esth\u00e9tique sonore (4 items) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}87\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}87$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Gratification personnelle (6 items) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}88\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}88$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Connectivit\u00e9 sociale (6 items) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}90\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}90$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Esth\u00e9tique visuelle (4 items) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}87\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}87$<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces coefficients t\u00e9moignent d&rsquo;une faible erreur de mesure au niveau de chaque sous-construit et garantissent que les items composant chaque dimension \u00e9valuent de mani\u00e8re homog\u00e8ne le m\u00eame construit th\u00e9orique.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>La confirmation de l&rsquo;architecture multidimensionnelle de la GUESS a suivi une d\u00e9marche en deux \u00e9tapes m\u00e9thodologiques rigoureuses sur deux \u00e9chantillons ind\u00e9pendants :<\/p>\n<h3>Analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE)<\/h3>\n<p>Une premi\u00e8re \u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un \u00e9chantillon de <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 629\">$N = 629$<\/span> participants. Une extraction factorielle en composantes principales avec rotation oblique (Promax) a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e afin de tenir compte des intercorr\u00e9lations th\u00e9oriquement attendues entre les diff\u00e9rentes facettes de la satisfaction. Cette analyse a permis de r\u00e9duire le pool initial d&rsquo;items et d&rsquo;isoler une solution stable \u00e0 <strong>9 facteurs<\/strong> expliquant une part substantielle de la variance totale, avec des saturations factorielles robustes (&gt; <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}50\">$0{,}50$<\/span>) sur leurs facteurs respectifs et des saturations crois\u00e9es minimes.<\/p>\n<h3>Analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>Afin d&rsquo;\u00e9prouver la validit\u00e9 structurelle du mod\u00e8le obtenu, une analyse factorielle confirmatoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite sur un second \u00e9chantillon ind\u00e9pendant de <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 729\">$N = 729$<\/span> participants. L&rsquo;estimation par le maximum de vraisemblance (avec corrections pour les \u00e9carts \u00e9ventuels \u00e0 la normalit\u00e9 multivari\u00e9e) a confirm\u00e9 l&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation satisfaisante du mod\u00e8le \u00e0 9 facteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Indice de qualit\u00e9 d&rsquo;ajustement comparatif (<strong>CFI<\/strong> &#8211; <em>Comparative Fit Index<\/em>) : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"ge 0{,}90\">$ge 0{,}90$<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Indice de Tucker-Lewis (<strong>TLI<\/strong>) : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"ge 0{,}90\">$ge 0{,}90$<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Erreur quadratique moyenne d&rsquo;approximation (<strong>RMSEA<\/strong> &#8211; <em>Root Mean Square Error of Approximation<\/em>) : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"le 0{,}055\">$le 0{,}055$<\/span> (avec intervalle de confiance \u00e0 90 % satisfaisant)<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9sidu quadratique moyen standardis\u00e9 (<strong>SRMR<\/strong>) : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"le 0{,}050\">$le 0{,}050$<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces indices confirment que le mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique \u00e0 9 facteurs offre une repr\u00e9sentation parcimonieuse, stable et statistiquement solide de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience utilisateur globale dans les jeux vid\u00e9o.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom officiel :<\/strong> Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale (GUESS)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique (<em>self-report questionnaire<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 55 items r\u00e9partis en 9 sous-\u00e9chelles<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> Format de type Likert \u00e0 choix multiples \u00e0 travers 9 sous-\u00e9chelles (<em>Multiple items across 9 subscales, Likert-type response format<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Structure des sous-\u00e9chelles :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Usability\/Playability<\/em> : Items 1 \u00e0 9<\/li>\n<li><em>Narratives<\/em> : Items 10 \u00e0 15<\/li>\n<li><em>Play Engrossment<\/em> : Items 16 \u00e0 23<\/li>\n<li><em>Enjoyment<\/em> : Items 24 \u00e0 28<\/li>\n<li><em>Creative Freedom<\/em> : Items 29 \u00e0 35<\/li>\n<li><em>Audio Aesthetics<\/em> : Items 36 \u00e0 39<\/li>\n<li><em>Personal Gratification<\/em> : Items 40 \u00e0 45<\/li>\n<li><em>Social Connectivity<\/em> : Items 46 \u00e0 51<\/li>\n<li><em>Visual Aesthetics<\/em> : Items 52 \u00e0 55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s de cotation :<\/strong> Les scores de chaque sous-\u00e9chelle sont calcul\u00e9s en effectuant la moyenne arithm\u00e9tique des scores des items constitutifs de chaque facteur (apr\u00e8s inversion des items formul\u00e9s n\u00e9gativement, tels que les items 26 et 27 mesurant l&rsquo;ennui et la frustration dans la sous-\u00e9chelle Plaisir). Un score moyen plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 indique un niveau de satisfaction sup\u00e9rieur dans la dimension correspondante.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Joueurs adultes de la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (tous profils : joueurs occasionnels, r\u00e9guliers ou comp\u00e9titifs).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mode d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Auto-administr\u00e9 (sur support papier ou questionnaire en ligne, post-session de jeu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication princeps :<\/strong> 2016 (revue <em>Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> &copy; 2016 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Auteurs originaux : Mikki H. Phan, Joseph R. Keebler, Barbara S. Chaparro.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation et licence :<\/strong> L&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle \u00e0 des fins de recherche acad\u00e9mique, scientifique et p\u00e9dagogique non commerciale est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement autoris\u00e9e gratuitement sous r\u00e9serve d&rsquo;une citation rigoureuse de la publication princeps. Les praticiens, studios de d\u00e9veloppement ou chercheurs industriels souhaitant administrer l&rsquo;instrument dans le cadre de protocoles commerciaux sont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 contacter l&rsquo;auteure correspondante (<a href=\"mailto:barbara.chaparro@wichita.edu\">barbara.chaparro@wichita.edu<\/a>) et \u00e0 se r\u00e9f\u00e9rer aux conditions \u00e9ditoriales de SAGE Publications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Agarwal, R., &amp; Karahanna, E. (2000). Time flies when you&rsquo;re having fun: Cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage. <em>MIS Quarterly<\/em>, 24(4), 665\u2013694. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3250951\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3250951<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Brooke, J. (1996). SUS: A &lsquo;quick and dirty&rsquo; usability scale. In P. W. Jordan, B. Thomas, I. L. McClelland, &amp; B. Weerdmeester (Eds.), <em>Usability Evaluation in Industry<\/em> (pp. 189\u2013194). Taylor &amp; Francis.<\/li>\n<li>Brown, E., &amp; Cairns, P. (2004). A grounded investigation of game immersion. <em>CHI &rsquo;04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems<\/em>, 1297\u20131300. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/985921.986048\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/985921.986048<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Chin, J. P., Diehl, V. A., &amp; Norman, K. L. (1988). Development of an instrument measuring user satisfaction of the human-computer interface. <em>Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI &rsquo;88)<\/em>, 213\u2013218. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/57167.57203\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/57167.57203<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). <em>Beyond boredom and anxiety: The experience of play in work and games<\/em>. Jossey-Bass.<\/li>\n<li>Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). <em>Flow: The psychology of optimal experience<\/em>. Harper &amp; Row.<\/li>\n<li>Deci, E. L., &amp; Ryan, R. M. (2000). The \u00ab\u00a0what\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0why\u00a0\u00bb of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. <em>Psychological Inquiry<\/em>, 11(4), 227\u2013268. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Desurvire, H., Caplan, M., &amp; Toth, J. A. (2004). Using heuristics to evaluate the playability of games (HEP). <em>CHI &rsquo;04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems<\/em>, 1509\u20131512. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/985921.986102\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/985921.986102<\/a><\/li>\n<li>DeVellis, R. F. (2012). <em>Scale development: Theory and applications<\/em> (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.<\/li>\n<li>Federoff, M. A. (2002). <em>Heuristics and usability guidelines for the creation and evaluation of fun in video games<\/em> (Master&rsquo;s thesis). Indiana University, Bloomington.<\/li>\n<li>Lombard, M., &amp; Ditton, T. (1997). At the heart of it all: The concept of presence. <em>Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication<\/em>, 3(2). <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00072.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Nielsen, J. (1994). <em>Usability engineering<\/em>. Morgan Kaufmann.<\/li>\n<li>Nunnally, J. C. (1978). <em>Psychometric theory<\/em> (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.<\/li>\n<li>Phan, M. H., Keebler, J. R., &amp; Chaparro, B. S. (2016). The Development and Validation of the Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale (GUESS). <em>Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society<\/em>, 58(8), 1217\u20131247. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720816669646\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720816669646<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Witmer, B. G., &amp; Singer, M. J. (1998). Measuring presence in virtual environments: A presence questionnaire. <em>Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments<\/em>, 7(3), 225\u2013240. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/105474698565686\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/105474698565686<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> Please rate your level of agreement with each statement regarding your experience playing the game.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> Multiple items across 9 subscales, Likert-type response format\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> The GUESS consists of 55 items across 9 subscales: Usability\/Playability (items 1-9), Narratives (items 10-15), Play Engrossment (items 16-23), Enjoyment (items 24-28), Creative Freedom (items 29-35), Audio Aesthetics (items 36-39), Personal Gratification (items 40-45), Social Connectivity (items 46-51), and Visual Aesthetics (items 52-55). Subscale scores are calculated by averaging the items within each factor.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-scoring-formula\" style=\"background:#ecfdf5; border-left:4px solid #10b981; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:18px; font-size:13.5px; color:#065f46;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#064e3b;\">Scoring Formula:<\/strong> ScoringSubscale scores are calculated based on participant responses to items within each factor\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find the game&#039;s interface easy to navigate.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel the game&#039;s controls are intuitive.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game gives clear feedback on my progress toward goals.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find the game&#039;s controls to be responsive.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game&#039;s goals are clear to me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to easily learn how to play the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game is easy to understand.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it easy to recover from mistakes made in the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game provides helpful hints or cues when I am stuck.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am captivated by the game&#039;s story from the beginning.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game&#039;s story is engaging.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy the cinematic scenes in the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am interested in seeing how the game&#039;s story progresses.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game&#039;s narrative makes me care about the characters.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game&#039;s world feels believable within its context.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I lose track of time while playing the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am fully engaged while playing the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Playing the game allows me to forget about real-world problems.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel detached from the outside world when playing the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it difficult to stop playing the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel completely absorbed in the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I block out distractions when I am playing the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I lose awareness of my surroundings while playing the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find the game to be fun.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy playing the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel bored while playing the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel frustrated while playing the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would recommend this game to others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel creative while playing the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game allows me to express my creativity.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to customize my character or environment.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game gives me freedom to explore different strategies.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can choose how I want to play the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game offers multiple ways to solve problems or achieve goals.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have choices in how the game develops.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy the music in the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The sound effects enhance my gaming experience.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The audio fits the atmosphere of the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The sound effects make the game more realistic.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel a sense of accomplishment when I complete goals in the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game rewards me for my efforts.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel successful when I overcome challenges in the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel proud of my achievements in the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game makes me feel competent.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Achieving goals in the game makes me feel satisfied.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy playing the game with others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game allows me to interact with other players.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel connected to other players in the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Playing with others makes the game more enjoyable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The game encourages teamwork or healthy competition.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can easily communicate with other players in the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find the graphics of the game appealing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The visual presentation of the game is attractive.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The art style fits the theme of the game.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The visual effects enhance the gaming experience.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9couvrez l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de satisfaction de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience utilisateur de jeu vid\u00e9o (GUESS), un instrument psychom\u00e9trique valid\u00e9 mesurant la satisfaction des joueurs \u00e0 travers 9 dimensions cl\u00e9s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[646,647,2],"tags":[653,654,648,649,652,650,651],"class_list":["post-305","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-experience-utilisateur","category-psychologie-cognitive","category-psychometrie","tag-ergonomie-cognitive","tag-facteurs-humains","tag-guess","tag-jeux-video","tag-playtesting","tag-satisfaction-du-joueur","tag-ux-gaming"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=305"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/305\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}