{"id":18900,"date":"2026-10-18T07:42:59","date_gmt":"2026-10-18T07:42:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/inventaire-cope\/"},"modified":"2026-10-18T07:42:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-18T07:42:59","slug":"inventaire-cope","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=inventaire-cope","title":{"rendered":"Inventaire COPE"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Inventaire COPE<\/strong> (<em>COPE Inventory<\/em>), conceptualis\u00e9 par le psychologue am\u00e9ricain Charles S. Carver et ses collaborateurs Michael F. Scheier et Jagdish K. Weintraub en 1989, constitue un instrument psychom\u00e9trique multidimensionnel de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale destin\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9valuer la diversit\u00e9 des strat\u00e9gies d&rsquo;adaptation (ou <em>coping<\/em>) mobilis\u00e9es par les individus face aux stresseurs aigus et chroniques. Contrairement aux approches dichotomiques simplistes qui s\u00e9parent de mani\u00e8re rigide les r\u00e9ponses centr\u00e9es sur le probl\u00e8me et celles centr\u00e9es sur l&rsquo;\u00e9motion, le COPE Inventory propose une d\u00e9composition fine et granulaire des m\u00e9canismes adaptatifs \u00e0 travers 15 \u00e9chelles distinctes comprenant chacune quatre items, soit un total de 60 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s. Chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9 est \u00e9valu\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle ordinale de type Likert en quatre points, allant de 1 (\u00ab Je ne fais g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas du tout cela \u00bb) \u00e0 4 (\u00ab Je fais g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement beaucoup cela \u00bb).<\/p>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques \u00e9tablies lors de la validation princeps d\u00e9montrent une coh\u00e9rence interne satisfaisante pour la vaste majorit\u00e9 des dimensions, avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach oscillant entre 0,37 (pour le d\u00e9sengagement mental) et 0,93, la moyenne globale des \u00e9chelles se situant \u00e0 0,79. L&rsquo;inventaire a fait l&rsquo;objet de nombreuses validations transculturelles et d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes factorielles confirmatoires, attestant d&rsquo;une excellente validit\u00e9 de construit, convergente et discriminante. L&rsquo;auteur souligne l&rsquo;importance d&rsquo;\u00e9viter l&rsquo;agr\u00e9gation non justifi\u00e9e des scores en un indice global, pr\u00e9conisant une lecture modulaire des diff\u00e9rentes dimensions ou l&rsquo;identification empirique de facteurs d&rsquo;ordre sup\u00e9rieur adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon d&rsquo;\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Inventaire COPE, strat\u00e9gies d&rsquo;adaptation, coping, stress psychologique, autor\u00e9gulation, psychom\u00e9trie, \u00e9valuation multidimensionnelle, Charles S. Carver, validit\u00e9 de construit, coh\u00e9rence interne, mod\u00e8le transactionnel, soutien social, d\u00e9sengagement comportemental, r\u00e9\u00e9valuation positive.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;inventaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et valid\u00e9 par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs de premier plan en psychologie de la personnalit\u00e9 et psychologie de la sant\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Charles S. Carver, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychologie, D\u00e9partement de psychologie, Universit\u00e9 de Miami (Coral Gables, Floride, \u00c9tats-Unis). Concepteur principal de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle, reconnu pour ses travaux pionniers sur l&rsquo;optimisme dispositionnel et l&rsquo;autor\u00e9gulation du comportement.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Michael F. Scheier, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Professeur de psychologie, D\u00e9partement de psychologie, Universit\u00e9 Carnegie Mellon (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvanie, \u00c9tats-Unis). Co-auteur majeur et th\u00e9oricien de la th\u00e9orie du contr\u00f4le cybern\u00e9tique appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jagdish K. Weintraub, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Collaboratrice de recherche, D\u00e9partement de psychologie, Universit\u00e9 de Miami (Coral Gables, Floride, \u00c9tats-Unis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;Inventaire COPE a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 pour rem\u00e9dier aux insuffisances conceptuelles et m\u00e9thodologiques des premi\u00e8res \u00e9chelles de mesure du coping, notamment le questionnaire <em>Ways of Coping Checklist<\/em> (WCCL) de Lazarus et Folkman. Carver et ses coll\u00e8gues ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 b\u00e2tir un outil fond\u00e9 sur des bases th\u00e9oriques explicites, capable de diff\u00e9rencier des m\u00e9canismes fonctionnels que les instruments ant\u00e9rieurs agr\u00e9geaient de mani\u00e8re indiscrimin\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du COPE est d&rsquo;analyser la complexit\u00e9 des modalit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse face aux exigences internes ou environnementales per\u00e7ues comme exc\u00e9dant les ressources de l&rsquo;individu. Sur le plan th\u00e9orique, l&rsquo;outil distingue les efforts cognitifs et comportementaux orient\u00e9s vers l&rsquo;action directe, la gestion et la r\u00e9gulation de la d\u00e9tresse \u00e9motionnelle, ainsi que les conduites de fuite ou d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement. L&rsquo;inventaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour \u00eatre administr\u00e9 selon deux modes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation distincts :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Le mode dispositionnel (ou trait) :<\/strong> Les instructions invitent le r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 caract\u00e9riser ses r\u00e9ponses habituelles et stables face au stress g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (\u00ab ce que vous faites habituellement \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le mode situationnel (ou \u00e9tat) :<\/strong> Les consignes sont adapt\u00e9es pour mesurer les strat\u00e9gies d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es face \u00e0 un \u00e9v\u00e9nement stressant sp\u00e9cifique circonscrit dans le temps (\u00ab ce que vous avez fait lors de cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement pr\u00e9cis \u00bb).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans la recherche acad\u00e9mique et en psychologie de la sant\u00e9, le COPE est largement employ\u00e9 pour examiner les liens entre la personnalit\u00e9 (ex. optimisme, n\u00e9vrosisme), les m\u00e9canismes d&rsquo;adaptation et les crit\u00e8res d&rsquo;ajustement somatique ou psychiatrique (qualit\u00e9 de vie, d\u00e9pression, adh\u00e9sion th\u00e9rapeutique, biomarqueurs immunitaires). En milieu clinique et hospitalier, il fournit un profil diagnostique individualis\u00e9, permettant aux psychologues cliniciens et psychoth\u00e9rapeutes cognitivo-comportementaux d&rsquo;identifier les ressources adaptatives du patient et de cibler les strat\u00e9gies dysfonctionnelles (comme l&rsquo;abus de substances ou le d\u00e9ni) afin de co-construire des interventions cibl\u00e9es de gestion du stress.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit de coping op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9 dans le COPE Inventory repose sur une structure modulaire comprenant 15 dimensions distinctes, subdivis\u00e9es conceptuellement en trois grands registres fonctionnels :<\/p>\n<h3>Strat\u00e9gies centr\u00e9es sur le probl\u00e8me<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Adaptation active (Active Coping) :<\/strong> Mobilisation d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e d&rsquo;efforts directs pour supprimer, contourner ou att\u00e9nuer l&rsquo;impact du stresseur par des actions concr\u00e8tes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Planification (Planning) :<\/strong> \u00c9laboration mentale d&rsquo;\u00e9tapes strat\u00e9giques, anticipation des difficult\u00e9s et r\u00e9flexion sur les d\u00e9marches les plus adapt\u00e9es pour surmonter l&rsquo;\u00e9preuve.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Suppression des activit\u00e9s concurrentes (Suppression of Competing Activities) :<\/strong> Suspension intentionnelle d&rsquo;autres projets ou distractions afin de canaliser l&rsquo;ensemble des ressources cognitives et temporelles sur la r\u00e9solution du stresseur primaire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mod\u00e9ration \/ Retenue (Restraint Coping) :<\/strong> D\u00e9cision d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e de diff\u00e9rer l&rsquo;action jusqu&rsquo;au moment propice, \u00e9vitant les r\u00e9actions impulsives ou pr\u00e9matur\u00e9es qui pourraient aggraver la situation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recherche de soutien social instrumental (Seeking Instrumental Social Support) :<\/strong> D\u00e9marche active consistant \u00e0 solliciter des conseils, des informations pratiques ou une aide mat\u00e9rielle aupr\u00e8s de pairs ou d&rsquo;experts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Strat\u00e9gies centr\u00e9es sur l&rsquo;\u00e9motion<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Recherche de soutien social \u00e9motionnel (Seeking Emotional Social Support) :<\/strong> Qu\u00eate de r\u00e9confort, d&#8217;empathie, de compassion et de compr\u00e9hension affective aupr\u00e8s de proches ou de confidents.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9interpr\u00e9tation positive et maturation (Positive Reinterpretation and Growth) :<\/strong> Restructuration cognitive visant \u00e0 identifier des aspects constructifs, des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices secondaires ou des opportunit\u00e9s d&rsquo;apprentissage personnel au sein de l&rsquo;adversit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acceptation (Acceptance) :<\/strong> Reconnaissance lucide de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de la situation et de son caract\u00e8re irr\u00e9versible, constituant un pr\u00e9alable n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l&rsquo;engagement d&rsquo;actions constructives.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9ni (Denial) :<\/strong> Refus cognitif de reconna\u00eetre l&rsquo;existence ou la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du probl\u00e8me, se traduisant par des pens\u00e9es visant \u00e0 annuler la r\u00e9alit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recours \u00e0 la religion (Religious Coping) :<\/strong> Mobilisation des croyances religieuses et spirituelles comme source de consolation, de pri\u00e8re ou de guidance existentielle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Strat\u00e9gies potentiellement moins fonctionnelles ou d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Focalisation sur les \u00e9motions et ext\u00e9riorisation (Focus on and Venting of Emotions) :<\/strong> Tendance \u00e0 ruminer sa d\u00e9tresse affective et \u00e0 exprimer de mani\u00e8re vive et explosive des affects n\u00e9gatifs, souvent sans r\u00e9solution du probl\u00e8me.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9sengagement comportemental (Behavioral Disengagement) :<\/strong> Abandon des efforts visant \u00e0 atteindre l&rsquo;objectif menac\u00e9, se traduisant par une impuissance acquise et une r\u00e9duction de l&rsquo;action.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9sengagement mental (Mental Disengagement) :<\/strong> Utilisation d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s distractives alternatives (r\u00eaverie, sommeil excessif, visionnage passif de divertissements) pour \u00e9viter de penser au stresseur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Utilisation d&rsquo;alcool ou de substances (Substance Use) :<\/strong> Consommation de substances psychoactives pour engourdir la douleur morale ou alt\u00e9rer la conscience de la situation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Humour (Humor) :<\/strong> D\u00e9dramatisation de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement et soulagement de la tension par la raillerie, l&rsquo;ironie ou la plaisanterie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;Inventaire COPE s&rsquo;ancre \u00e0 la confluence de deux courants th\u00e9oriques majeurs en psychologie contemporaine : le <strong>mod\u00e8le transactionnel du stress<\/strong> de Richard Lazarus et Susan Folkman (1984) et le <strong>mod\u00e8le cybern\u00e9tique de l&rsquo;autor\u00e9gulation comportementale<\/strong> d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Carver et Scheier (1981, 1998).<\/p>\n<p>Dans la perspective transactionnelle, le stress n&rsquo;est ni un simple stimulus environnemental ni une simple r\u00e9ponse physiologique, mais une transaction dynamique entre la personne et son environnement, m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e par des processus cognitifs d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation. L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation primaire d\u00e9termine si la situation constitue une menace, une perte ou un d\u00e9fi ; l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation secondaire jauge les ressources et options disponibles pour y faire face. Le coping repr\u00e9sente alors l&rsquo;ensemble des efforts cognitifs et comportementaux constamment changeants d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s pour g\u00e9rer ces exigences sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n<p>Carver, Scheier et Weintraub ont enrichi cette approche en y int\u00e9grant les concepts de la th\u00e9orie du contr\u00f4le et des boucles de r\u00e9troaction (<em>feedback loops<\/em>). Selon leur mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;autor\u00e9gulation, le comportement humain est orient\u00e9 vers des buts organis\u00e9s hi\u00e9rarchiquement. Lorsqu&rsquo;une perturbation survient, l&rsquo;individu compare son \u00e9tat actuel \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tat d\u00e9sir\u00e9. Si un d\u00e9calage est d\u00e9tect\u00e9, des sentiments d&rsquo;optimisme ou de pessimisme \u00e9mergent quant \u00e0 la probabilit\u00e9 de combler cet \u00e9cart :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lorsque l&rsquo;attente de succ\u00e8s est favorable, l&rsquo;individu intensifie ses efforts et mobilise un coping orient\u00e9 vers le probl\u00e8me ou une r\u00e9\u00e9valuation positive.<\/li>\n<li>Lorsque les attentes d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 sont n\u00e9gatives, l&rsquo;individu \u00e9prouve une impulsion au d\u00e9sengagement, qui s&rsquo;exprime soit mentalement, soit comportementalement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ce fondement th\u00e9orique a permis d&rsquo;\u00e9viter le pi\u00e8ge consistant \u00e0 regrouper des strat\u00e9gies aux logiques oppos\u00e9es. Par exemple, le COPE distingue soigneusement la recherche de soutien instrumental (orient\u00e9e t\u00e2che) de la recherche de soutien \u00e9motionnel (orient\u00e9e affect), et isole l&rsquo;expression impulsive des \u00e9motions de l&rsquo;acceptation rationnelle.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique de l&rsquo;Inventaire COPE a \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re approfondie dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude originale de Carver et al. (1989) ainsi que dans une multitude de r\u00e9plications internationales.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et convergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e en corr\u00e9lant les sous-\u00e9chelles du COPE avec des traits de personnalit\u00e9 reconnus :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Optimisme dispositionnel (\u00e9valu\u00e9 par le LOT) :<\/strong> Corr\u00e9lations positives significatives avec l&rsquo;adaptation active (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r \\approx 0{,}25\">$r \\approx 0{,}25$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}38\">$0{,}38$<\/span>), la planification et la r\u00e9interpr\u00e9tation positive ; corr\u00e9lations n\u00e9gatives avec le d\u00e9ni et le d\u00e9sengagement comportemental (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r \\approx -0{,}30\">$r \\approx -0{,}30$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"-0{,}42\">$-0{,}42$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Estime de soi et sentiment d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 :<\/strong> Corr\u00e9lations mod\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 fortes avec les d\u00e9marches proactives et la r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8me.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9-trait et N\u00e9vrosisme :<\/strong> Associations positives \u00e9lev\u00e9es avec la focalisation\/ext\u00e9riorisation \u00e9motionnelle, le d\u00e9ni et le d\u00e9sengagement mental.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>Les corr\u00e9lations inter-\u00e9chelles confirment que les 15 dimensions mesurent des facettes conceptuellement distinctes. Bien que certaines \u00e9chelles corr\u00e8lent logiquement entre elles (ex. adaptation active et planification, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0{,}67\">$r = 0{,}67$<\/span>), la majorit\u00e9 des intercorr\u00e9lations demeurent faibles \u00e0 mod\u00e9r\u00e9es, confirmant l&rsquo;absence de redondance empirique globale.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>En psychologie clinique et m\u00e9dicale, les profils au COPE pr\u00e9disent de fa\u00e7on robuste l&rsquo;ajustement psychologique ult\u00e9rieur. Des \u00e9tudes longitudinales chez des patients atteints de pathologies chroniques (cancer, insuffisance cardiaque) d\u00e9montrent que des scores initiaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s en d\u00e9sengagement comportemental et en d\u00e9ni pr\u00e9disent une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la qualit\u00e9 de vie et une augmentation des sympt\u00f4mes d\u00e9pressifs, tandis que l&rsquo;acceptation et la r\u00e9\u00e9valuation positive constituent des facteurs protecteurs majeurs.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Inventaire COPE repose sur l&rsquo;analyse de la coh\u00e9rence interne et de la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (test-retest).<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne (Alpha de Cronbach)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon princeps de Carver et al. (1989) compos\u00e9 de 978 \u00e9tudiants universitaires, les coefficients alpha de Cronbach pour les 15 \u00e9chelles se sont \u00e9chelonn\u00e9s de 0,37 \u00e0 0,93 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coefficients tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9s (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha ge 0{,}85\">$\u0007lpha ge 0{,}85$<\/span>) :<\/strong> Recours \u00e0 la religion (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}92\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}92$<\/span>), Utilisation d&rsquo;alcool\/drogues (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}90\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}90$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coefficients \u00e9lev\u00e9s (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}70\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}70$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}84\">$0{,}84$<\/span>) :<\/strong> Recherche de soutien \u00e9motionnel (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}85\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}85$<\/span>), Recherche de soutien instrumental (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}80\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}80$<\/span>), Adaptation active (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}70\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}70$<\/span>), Planification (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}76\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}76$<\/span>), D\u00e9ni (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}71\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}71$<\/span>), R\u00e9interpr\u00e9tation positive (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}75\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}75$<\/span>), Focalisation et ext\u00e9riorisation des \u00e9motions (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}77\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}77$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coefficients mod\u00e9r\u00e9s (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}60\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}60$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}69\">$0{,}69$<\/span>) :<\/strong> Acceptation (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}65\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}65$<\/span>), Humour (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}72\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}72$<\/span>), Mod\u00e9ration (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}62\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}62$<\/span>), D\u00e9sengagement comportemental (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}63\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}63$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coefficients plus faibles :<\/strong> Suppression des activit\u00e9s concurrentes (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}59\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}59$<\/span>), D\u00e9sengagement mental (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0{,}37\">$\u0007lpha = 0{,}37$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La faible coh\u00e9rence interne de la sous-\u00e9chelle de d\u00e9sengagement mental d\u00e9coule de sa nature h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne, les items explorant des modalit\u00e9s d&rsquo;\u00e9chappement vari\u00e9es (t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, sommeil, r\u00eaverie) qui ne co-surviennent pas n\u00e9cessairement chez le m\u00eame individu.<\/p>\n<h3>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest<\/h3>\n<p>La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un \u00e9chantillon r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9 \u00e0 un intervalle de six \u00e0 huit semaines pour la version dispositionnelle. Les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation test-retest se situent entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0{,}42\">$r = 0{,}42$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0{,}89\">$r = 0{,}89$<\/span> (m\u00e9diane <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007pprox 0{,}60\">$\u0007pprox 0{,}60$<\/span>), confirmant que les tendances dispositionnelles de coping poss\u00e8dent une stabilit\u00e9 temporelle substantielle tout en conservant une sensibilit\u00e9 aux \u00e9volutions contextuelles.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture factorielle du COPE Inventory a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;explorations minutieuses par analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) et confirmatoires (AFC).<\/p>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;analyse factorielle exploratoire princeps avec rotation oblique (oblimin), Carver et al. ont extrait une solution \u00e0 15 facteurs correspondant fid\u00e8lement aux 15 \u00e9chelles pr\u00e9vues a priori. Presque tous les items pr\u00e9sentaient une saturation primaire sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0,40 (la majorit\u00e9 d\u00e9passant 0,55) sur leur facteur th\u00e9orique respectif, sans saturation crois\u00e9e majeure.<\/p>\n<p>Des analyses factorielles de second ordre ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conduites pour examiner l&rsquo;organisation macroscopique des \u00e9chelles. Contrairement \u00e0 une simple bipartition probl\u00e8me\/\u00e9motion, les r\u00e9sultats r\u00e9v\u00e8lent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement une structure en 3 \u00e0 5 facteurs d&rsquo;ordre sup\u00e9rieur :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 : Coping actif \/ centr\u00e9 sur la t\u00e2che :<\/strong> Regroupe l&rsquo;adaptation active, la planification et la suppression des activit\u00e9s concurrentes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 : Recherche de soutien social :<\/strong> Associe le soutien instrumental et le soutien \u00e9motionnel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 : \u00c9vitement \/ D\u00e9sengagement :<\/strong> Sature fortement sur le d\u00e9ni, le d\u00e9sengagement comportemental et la consommation de substances.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 4 : Ajustement cognitivo-\u00e9motionnel :<\/strong> Englobe l&rsquo;acceptation, la r\u00e9interpr\u00e9tation positive et l&rsquo;humour.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 5 : Focalisation religieuse et \u00e9motionnelle :<\/strong> Rapproche le recours \u00e0 la religion et l&rsquo;ext\u00e9riorisation des \u00e9motions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo;auteur insiste rigoureusement sur le fait que la composition de ces macro-facteurs varie selon les populations \u00e9tudi\u00e9es (patients hospitalis\u00e9s, \u00e9tudiants, professionnels en situation de crise), recommandant aux chercheurs d&rsquo;effectuer leur propre analyse factorielle de second ordre plut\u00f4t que d&rsquo;imposer des regroupements th\u00e9oriques pr\u00e9con\u00e7us.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>Les caract\u00e9ristiques formelles de passation de l&rsquo;Inventaire COPE se structurent ainsi :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;instrument :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique (auto-rapport\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon ou passation informatis\u00e9e \/ en ligne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 60 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s r\u00e9partis \u00e9galement en 15 sous-\u00e9chelles de 4 items chacune.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert ordinale \u00e0 4 points :\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1<\/strong> = Je ne fais g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas du tout cela (<em>I usually don&rsquo;t do this at all<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>2<\/strong> = Je fais g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement un peu cela (<em>I usually do this a little bit<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>3<\/strong> = Je fais g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement moyennement cela (<em>I usually do this a medium amount<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>4<\/strong> = Je fais g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement beaucoup cela (<em>I usually do this a lot<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e de passation :<\/strong> Environ 10 \u00e0 15 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcul des scores et cotation :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Chaque sous-\u00e9chelle fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une somme directe de ses 4 items constitutifs (fourchette de score par \u00e9chelle : 4 \u00e0 16).<\/li>\n<li>Aucun item n&rsquo;est invers\u00e9 (<em>no reverse-scored items<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e8gle d&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation stricte :<\/strong> Il n&rsquo;existe pas de score global ou total. Les 15 dimensions doivent \u00eatre analys\u00e9es ind\u00e9pendamment pour dresser le profil de coping de la personne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 1989.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits et accessibilit\u00e9 :<\/strong> L&rsquo;Inventaire COPE a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 la disposition de la communaut\u00e9 scientifique par le Dr Charles S. Carver pour des fins de recherche universitaire et de pratique clinique non commerciale sans frais d&rsquo;utilisation (libre de redevance).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> L&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;instrument requiert la citation appropri\u00e9e de l&rsquo;article princeps de 1989 dans toute publication ou rapport scientifique. La republication commerciale ou l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration dans des plateformes logicielles payantes n\u00e9cessite une autorisation expresse.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Versions d\u00e9riv\u00e9es :<\/strong> En 1997, Carver a publi\u00e9 le <em>Brief COPE<\/em>, une version abr\u00e9g\u00e9e en 28 items valid\u00e9e pour r\u00e9duire la charge cognitive chez les patients s\u00e9v\u00e8rement \u00e9prouv\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les travaux fondamentaux fondant la m\u00e9thodologie et l&rsquo;application du COPE Inventory comprennent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol\u2019s too long: Consider the Brief COPE. <em>International Journal of Behavioral Medicine<\/em>, 4(1), 92\u2013100. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0401_6\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0401_6<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Carver, C. S., &amp; Scheier, M. F. (1981). <em>Attention and self-regulation: A control-theory approach to human behavior<\/em>. Springer-Verlag. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4612-5887-2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4612-5887-2<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Carver, C. S., &amp; Scheier, M. F. (1998). <em>On the self-regulation of behavior<\/em>. Cambridge University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9781139174794\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9781139174794<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., &amp; Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 56(2), 267\u2013283. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.56.2.267\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.56.2.267<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lazarus, R. S., &amp; Folkman, S. (1984). <em>Stress, appraisal, and coping<\/em>. Springer Publishing Company.<\/li>\n<li>Muller, L., &amp; Spitz, E. (2003). \u00c9valuation multidimensionnelle du coping : validation de la version fran\u00e7aise de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle COPE. <em>L&rsquo;Enc\u00e9phale<\/em>, 29(6), 507\u2013518.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to grow as a person as a result of the experience.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I turn to work or other substitute activities to take my mind off things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get upset and let my emotions out.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to get advice from someone about what to do.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I concentrate my efforts on doing something about it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I say to myself &quot;this isn&#039;t real.&quot;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I put my trust in God.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I laugh about the situation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I admit to myself that I can&#039;t deal with it, and quit trying.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I restrain myself from doing anything too quickly.[quads id=5]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I discuss my feelings with someone.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I use alcohol or drugs to make myself feel better.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get used to the idea that it happened.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I talk to someone to find out more about the situation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I keep myself from getting distracted by other thoughts or activities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I daydream about things other than this.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get upset, and am really aware of it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I seek God&#039;s help.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I make a plan of action.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I make jokes about it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I accept that this has happened and that it can&#039;t be changed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I hold off doing anything about it until the situation permits.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to get emotional support from friends or relatives.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I just give up trying to reach my goal.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I take additional action to try to get rid of the problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to lose myself for a while by drinking alcohol or taking drugs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I refuse to believe that it has happened.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I let my feelings out.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to see it in a different light, to make it seem more positive.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I talk to someone who could do something concrete about the problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I sleep more than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to come up with a strategy about what to do.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I focus on dealing with this problem, and if necessary let other things slide a little.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get sympathy and understanding from someone.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I drink alcohol or take drugs, in order to think about it less.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I kid around about it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I give up the attempt to get what I want.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I look for something good in what is happening.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think about how I might best handle the problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I pretend that it hasn&#039;t really happened.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I make sure not to make matters worse by acting too soon.[quads id=5]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try hard to prevent other things from interfering with my efforts at dealing with this.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I go to movies or watch TV, to think about it less.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I accept the reality of the fact that it happened.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I ask people who have had similar experiences what they did.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel a lot of emotional distress and I find myself expressing those feelings a lot.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I take direct action to get around the problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to find comfort in my religion.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I force myself to wait for the right time to do something.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I make fun of the situation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I reduce the amount of effort I&#039;m putting into solving the problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I talk to someone about how I feel.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I use alcohol or drugs to help me get through it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I learn to live with it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I put aside other activities in order to concentrate on this.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think hard about what steps to take.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I act as though it hasn&#039;t even happened.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I do what has to be done, one step at a time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I learn something from the experience.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I pray more than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;Inventaire COPE (Carver et al., 1989) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation multidimensionnelle des strat\u00e9gies de coping comprenant 15 \u00e9chelles et 60 items. Analyse th\u00e9orique, validit\u00e9 et cotation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[5,3,2],"tags":[1224,30189,357,30188,16,19746,7946],"class_list":["post-18900","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluation-psychologique","category-psychologie-clinique","category-psychometrie","tag-carver","tag-cope-inventory","tag-coping","tag-inventaire-cope","tag-psychometrie","tag-strategies-dadaptation","tag-stress-psychologique"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/18900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18900"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/18900\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}