{"id":18583,"date":"2026-10-17T12:58:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-17T12:58:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/echelle-des-valeurs-religieuses-rvs\/"},"modified":"2026-10-17T12:58:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-17T12:58:22","slug":"echelle-des-valeurs-religieuses-rvs","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=echelle-des-valeurs-religieuses-rvs","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chelle des valeurs religieuses"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>\u00c9chelle des valeurs religieuses<\/strong> (<em>Religious Values Scale<\/em>, <strong>RVS<\/strong>), conceptualis\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine par le professeur <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Everett_Worthington\">Everett L. Worthington Jr.<\/a> en 1988 \u00e0 la <em>Virginia Commonwealth University<\/em>, constitue un instrument psychom\u00e9trique d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation con\u00e7u sp\u00e9cifiquement pour explorer l&rsquo;architecture cognitive, normative et relationnelle guidant le comportement des personnes hautement engag\u00e9es dans leur foi, en particulier dans le cadre de la relation th\u00e9rapeutique et du conseil psychologique (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clinical_psychology\">psychoth\u00e9rapie<\/a>). L&rsquo;instrument \u00e9value l&rsquo;attribution de l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 aux textes sacr\u00e9s, la d\u00e9f\u00e9rence accord\u00e9e aux figures d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 religieuse, l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion groupale et communautaire, ainsi que la \u00ab zone de tol\u00e9rance \u00bb socioreligieuse, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire le degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;ouverture ou d&rsquo;exclusivisme manifest\u00e9 envers les individus ou les th\u00e9rapeutes professant des convictions divergentes.<\/p>\n<p>Le questionnaire int\u00e9gral comprend <strong>62 items<\/strong> administr\u00e9s selon une \u00e9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de type Likert en 5 points, allant de 1 (\u00ab Pas du tout vrai pour moi \u00bb) \u00e0 5 (\u00ab Totalement vrai pour moi \u00bb). D\u00e9velopp\u00e9e \u00e0 travers des it\u00e9rations empiriques successives men\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s de cohortes universitaires standardis\u00e9es, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle se structure autour de sous-dimensions cl\u00e9s : l&rsquo;engagement religieux personnel global, l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 doctrinale et pragmatique des \u00c9critures, l&rsquo;identification au groupe religieux local et \u00e9largi, l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 des leaders cl\u00e9ricaux et familiaux, et les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences quantitatives et qualitatives pour des conseillers partageant les m\u00eames croyances.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, la RVS affiche une consistance interne robuste, avec des coefficients <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cronbach%27s_alpha\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> oscillant entre 0,73 et 0,99 pour ses dimensions majeures (atteignant 0,99 pour l&rsquo;engagement religieux et 0,84 pour l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 scripturaire), bien que des sous-dimensions plus restreintes ou exploratoires (telles que la pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour un conseiller aux attitudes similaires) aient pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 des indices plus modestes (0,47 \u00e0 0,64). La validit\u00e9 de construit est \u00e9tay\u00e9e par des analyses factorielles exploratoires et des corr\u00e9lations fortes et significatives avec des mesures canoniques de la religiosit\u00e9, incluant les \u00e9chelles de King et Hunt (1972) ainsi que les dimensions de Glock et Stark (1965). Cet instrument demeure une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence fondamentale pour la psychologie clinique interculturelle et la psychologie de la religion.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c9chelle des valeurs religieuses, Religious Values Scale, RVS, Everett Worthington, psychom\u00e9trie, psychoth\u00e9rapie et religion, autorit\u00e9 scripturaire, engagement religieux, alliance th\u00e9rapeutique, psychologie de la religion<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle des valeurs religieuses a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e sous la direction scientifique d&rsquo;<strong>Everett L. Worthington Jr.<\/strong>, professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychologie \u00e0 la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vcu.edu\/\">Virginia Commonwealth University<\/a> (Richmond, Virginie, \u00c9tats-Unis), autorit\u00e9 mondiale dans le domaine de la psychologie de la r\u00e9conciliation, du pardon et de l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration de la spiritualit\u00e9 en psychoth\u00e9rapie. Les recherches empiriques de validation et de standardisation de l&rsquo;outil ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conduites en \u00e9troite collaboration avec des chercheurs associ\u00e9s et doctorants du laboratoire de psychologie du counseling de la m\u00eame institution, notamment :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Everett L. Worthington Jr., Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 D\u00e9partement de psychologie, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, \u00c9tats-Unis. Courriel institutionnel : <a href=\"mailto:eworth@vcu.edu\">eworth@vcu.edu<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Michael E. McCullough, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Co-d\u00e9veloppeur des \u00e9tudes d&rsquo;extension et de r\u00e9plication, actuellement professeur de psychologie \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Californie \u00e0 San Diego (UCSD).<\/li>\n<li><strong>J. T. Berry, K. Hsu, K. K. Gowda, E. Bleach, et K. H. Bursley<\/strong> \u2014 Chercheurs et statisticiens associ\u00e9s ayant contribu\u00e9 aux \u00e9tudes de validation factorielle pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es au <em>First International Congress on Christian Counseling<\/em> (1988) et \u00e0 la <em>Virginia Psychological Association<\/em> (1989).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle des valeurs religieuses (RVS) est d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnaliser et de quantifier le syst\u00e8me de valeurs sp\u00e9cifique aux individus hautement croyants, en fournissant aux chercheurs et aux praticiens de la sant\u00e9 mentale un instrument empirique capable d&rsquo;anticiper la mani\u00e8re dont les croyances religieuses structurent la perception interpersonnelle, la conformit\u00e9 normative et la r\u00e9ceptivit\u00e9 aux interventions psychoth\u00e9rapeutiques. Durant les d\u00e9cennies 1970 et 1980, la litt\u00e9rature clinique a fr\u00e9quemment mis en lumi\u00e8re une m\u00e9fiance r\u00e9ciproque entre les communaut\u00e9s religieuses conservatrices et les professionnels de la psychoth\u00e9rapie profane. Worthington (1988) a con\u00e7u son mod\u00e8le afin de combler ce foss\u00e9 \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique, en affirmant que les clients tr\u00e8s engag\u00e9s dans leur foi ne peuvent \u00eatre compris ad\u00e9quatement \u00e0 travers de simples indices sociod\u00e9mographiques d&rsquo;affiliation religieuse ou de fr\u00e9quence d&rsquo;assistance au culte.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les contextes appliqu\u00e9s, la RVS r\u00e9pond \u00e0 une pluralit\u00e9 d&rsquo;objectifs diagnostiques et conceptuels :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Compr\u00e9hension de la dynamique du conseil psychologique :<\/strong> L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle permet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer dans quelle mesure un client conditionne son adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l&rsquo;alliance th\u00e9rapeutique \u00e0 la conformit\u00e9 religieuse de son psychoth\u00e9rapeute. Elle diagnostique la propension du patient \u00e0 exiger un conseiller partageant rigoureusement sa vision du monde, pr\u00e9venant ainsi les ruptures d&rsquo;alliance pr\u00e9matur\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mesure de la d\u00e9f\u00e9rence normative et hi\u00e9rarchique :<\/strong> En explorant le degr\u00e9 de soumission accord\u00e9 aux textes sacr\u00e9s, aux ministres du culte (pasteurs, pr\u00eatres, rabbins) et aux structures d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 civiles et parentales, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle permet au clinicien d&rsquo;anticiper les dilemmes \u00e9thiques et les conflits de loyaut\u00e9 v\u00e9cus par le patient entre les pr\u00e9ceptes moraux dogmatiques et les directives d&rsquo;autonomie psychologique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuation de la \u00ab zone de tol\u00e9rance \u00bb socioreligieuse :<\/strong> Inspir\u00e9e des th\u00e9ories du jugement social, la notion de zone de tol\u00e9rance mesur\u00e9e par la RVS documente la flexibilit\u00e9 ou la rigidit\u00e9 cognitive du croyant face \u00e0 l&rsquo;alt\u00e9rit\u00e9 th\u00e9ologique et morale, un facteur crucial dans le traitement des troubles relationnels, conjugaux et familiaux.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recherche fondamentale en psychologie sociale et de la personnalit\u00e9 :<\/strong> L&rsquo;outil offre une segmentation fine des composantes intrins\u00e8ques et collectives de la foi, permettant d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier les m\u00e9canismes de soutien intragroupe (<em>in-group<\/em>) et la stigmatisation des personnes ext\u00e9rieures au groupe d&rsquo;appartenance (<em>out-group<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le sous-jacent \u00e0 la RVS postule que l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience religieuse des individus intens\u00e9ment engag\u00e9s ne constitue pas un trait monolithique, mais s&rsquo;organise autour d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me hi\u00e9rarchis\u00e9 de valeurs r\u00e9gissant l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9, l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 et les fronti\u00e8res relationnelles. Worthington (1988) et ses collaborateurs ont structur\u00e9 ce construit autour de dimensions interd\u00e9pendantes :<\/p>\n<h3>1. L&rsquo;engagement religieux global (<em>Religious Commitment<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value l&rsquo;ampleur avec laquelle la foi religieuse constitue le principe organisateur central de l&rsquo;existence du sujet. L&rsquo;engagement transcende la pratique rituelle ext\u00e9rieure pour impr\u00e9gner la motivation interne, l&#8217;emploi du temps, l&rsquo;investissement financier, le pros\u00e9lytisme actif et la disposition au sacrifice personnel (par exemple, accepter la pers\u00e9cution pour ses croyances ou mat\u00e9rialiser son identit\u00e9 de foi dans son espace de vie priv\u00e9).<\/p>\n<h3>2. L&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 accord\u00e9e aux \u00c9critures saintes (<em>Authority Afforded to Sacred Writings<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle mesure le statut \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique accord\u00e9 aux textes religieux sacr\u00e9s (Bible, Coran, Torah, etc.). L&rsquo;analyse psychom\u00e9trique avanc\u00e9e par Worthington et al. (1989) a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que cette dimension comporte deux sous-facettes intrins\u00e8ques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>La valeur pragmatique au quotidien :<\/strong> L&rsquo;utilisation active des \u00c9critures comme boussole pour la r\u00e9solution de conflits quotidiens, la prise de d\u00e9cision morale et l&rsquo;orientation comportementale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La croyance doctrinale en l&rsquo;infaillibilit\u00e9 :<\/strong> L&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion cognitive au caract\u00e8re litt\u00e9ral, absolu et parfait de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 scripturaire, excluant la mise en \u00e9quivalence avec d&rsquo;autres sagesses philosophiques ou s\u00e9culi\u00e8res.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. L&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 accord\u00e9e aux leaders religieux et temporels (<em>Authority Afforded to Religious Leaders<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit quantifie le degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;ob\u00e9issance inconditionnelle que l&rsquo;individu estime devoir rendre aux autorit\u00e9s institu\u00e9es. Il englobe la soumission sans r\u00e9serve aux avis pastoraux ou rabbiniques, le respect hi\u00e9rarchique au sein du foyer familial (soumission des enfants aux parents, autorit\u00e9 conjugale patriarcale telle que d\u00e9finie dans certaines traditions traditionnelles), et l&rsquo;ob\u00e9issance aux autorit\u00e9s gouvernementales per\u00e7ue comme un devoir divin.<\/p>\n<h3>4. L&rsquo;identification au groupe religieux (<em>Degree of Identification with Religious Group<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension sonde la fusion identitaire entre le croyant et sa congr\u00e9gation locale d&rsquo;une part, et l&rsquo;institution religieuse mondiale ou nationale d&rsquo;autre part. Elle examine si le groupe sert de r\u00e9f\u00e9rent d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation, de source de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle (\u00ab je ne pourrais pas fonctionner sans mon groupe \u00bb) et de prescripteur contraignant de normes de conduite morale.<\/p>\n<h3>5. La zone de tol\u00e9rance et pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l&rsquo;endogroupe religieux (<em>Zone of Tolerance &amp; In-group Preference<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>La zone de tol\u00e9rance refl\u00e8te la capacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;individu \u00e0 coop\u00e9rer, solliciter des conseils ou entreprendre une relation d&rsquo;aide avec des personnes dont la vision herm\u00e9neutique ou confessionnelle diff\u00e8re de la sienne. Dans les analyses empiriques de Worthington, cette facette s&rsquo;est traduite par une pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence marqu\u00e9e pour des conseillers, mentors et amis partageant une vision th\u00e9ologique rigoureusement identique, d\u00e9limitant des fronti\u00e8res ferm\u00e9es face aux influences per\u00e7ues comme s\u00e9culi\u00e8res ou h\u00e9t\u00e9rodoxes.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle des valeurs religieuses s&rsquo;ancre \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychology_of_religion\">psychologie de la religion<\/a>, de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_judgment_theory\">th\u00e9orie du jugement social<\/a> (Sherif &amp; Hovland, 1961) et des paradigmes de la psychoth\u00e9rapie multiculturelle (Sue &amp; Sue). Worthington (1988) a \u00e9labor\u00e9 sa conceptualisation en r\u00e9action aux insuffisances des mod\u00e8les traditionnels qui r\u00e9duisaient l&rsquo;impact de la religion \u00e0 une variable nominale (catholique, protestant, juif) ou \u00e0 une \u00e9chelle unidimensionnelle d&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 rituelle.<\/p>\n<p>Le soubassement th\u00e9orique postule les axiomes psychologiques suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>La centralit\u00e9 des valeurs chez le client religieux :<\/strong> Pour les sujets hautement engag\u00e9s, la religion ne fonctionne pas comme un simple champ d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat secondaire, mais comme un m\u00e9ta-syst\u00e8me cognitif (ou sch\u00e9ma d&rsquo;attribution primaire). Ce syst\u00e8me filtre la causalit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue des \u00e9v\u00e9nements de vie, d\u00e9termine les crit\u00e8res de d\u00e9viance et de sant\u00e9 mentale, et circonscrit les objectifs acceptables du changement personnel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;assimilation et le contraste (Jugement social) :<\/strong> Worthington adapte le concept de <em>latitude d&rsquo;acceptation, de rejet et de non-engagement<\/em> formul\u00e9 par Muzafer Sherif. Un individu dot\u00e9 d&rsquo;un fort engagement religieux poss\u00e8de une latitude d&rsquo;acceptation extr\u00eamement \u00e9troite (\u00ab zone de tol\u00e9rance restreinte \u00bb) vis-\u00e0-vis des valeurs divergentes. D\u00e8s lors qu&rsquo;un th\u00e9rapeute s\u00e9culier propose une interpr\u00e9tation entrant dans la zone de rejet du client, un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de contraste se produit, entra\u00eenant le rejet brutal du th\u00e9rapeute et l&rsquo;attrition clinique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;attribution d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 triadique :<\/strong> Worthington th\u00e9orise que tout croyant hautement engag\u00e9 arbitre ses dilemmes en conf\u00e9rant son autorit\u00e9 \u00e0 trois instances cardinales : le <em>Texte<\/em> (r\u00e9v\u00e9lation \u00e9crite objective), l&rsquo;<em>Officier du culte<\/em> (m\u00e9diateur humain investi d&rsquo;un mandat spirituel) et la <em>Communaut\u00e9<\/em> (corps social maintenant la conformit\u00e9 comportementale). L&rsquo;harmonie psychologique du croyant d\u00e9pend de la coh\u00e9rence per\u00e7ue entre ces trois piliers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique de la RVS a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie \u00e0 travers un programme empirique rigoureux impliquant des m\u00e9thodologies corr\u00e9lationnelles, factorielles et de contrastes de groupes :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et corr\u00e9lats comportementaux<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de Worthington, Hsu, Gowda et Bleach (1988), la validit\u00e9 de construit a \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9e en examinant les corr\u00e9lations de Pearson entre les sous-\u00e9chelles de la RVS et des indicateurs comportementaux objectifs de d\u00e9votion : la fr\u00e9quence de fr\u00e9quentation des services religieux, l&rsquo;assistance aux r\u00e9unions secondaires en semaine, l&rsquo;engagement dans des minist\u00e8res actifs et le nombre de postes de leadership eccl\u00e9sial occup\u00e9s. Sur les 28 corr\u00e9lations bivari\u00e9es test\u00e9es, <strong>25 ont atteint le seuil de significativit\u00e9 statistique (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0{,}01\">$p &lt; 0{,}01$<\/span>)<\/strong>, d\u00e9montrant que les scores de la RVS refl\u00e8tent fid\u00e8lement des conduites manifestes et des responsabilit\u00e9s effectives dans les communaut\u00e9s de foi.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de deux batteries psychom\u00e9triques majeures de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Basic Religiosity Scales (King &amp; Hunt, 1972) :<\/strong> Les \u00e9chelles de la RVS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 corr\u00e9l\u00e9es avec les 11 sous-\u00e9chelles du syst\u00e8me de King et Hunt. Les r\u00e9sultats ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que sur 77 coefficients de corr\u00e9lation calcul\u00e9s, <strong>74 \u00e9taient statistiquement significatifs \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0{,}01\">$p &lt; 0{,}01$<\/span><\/strong>, la majorit\u00e9 des valeurs d&rsquo;association se situant dans un intervalle robuste compris entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0{,}40\">$r = 0{,}40$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0{,}80\">$r = 0{,}80$<\/span>, confirmant que la RVS capte le noyau central de la religiosit\u00e9 mature et multidimensionnelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dimensions de la religiosit\u00e9 de Glock et Stark (1965) :<\/strong> En comparant la RVS aux quatre sous-\u00e9chelles canoniques de Glock et Stark, les chercheurs ont constat\u00e9 que <strong>19 corr\u00e9lations sur 21 \u00e9taient significatives (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0{,}01\">$p &lt; 0{,}01$<\/span>)<\/strong> avec les dimensions des croyances religieuses, de la pratique rituelle et de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience spirituelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>Une preuve majeure de validit\u00e9 discriminante a \u00e9merg\u00e9 de la comparaison avec la sous-\u00e9chelle de <em>connaissance biblique factuelle<\/em> de Glock et Stark (1965). Aucune corr\u00e9lation statistiquement significative n&rsquo;a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en \u00e9vidence entre les sept scores de la RVS et la simple \u00e9rudition intellectuelle ou m\u00e9morielle relative aux textes sacr\u00e9s. Cette ind\u00e9pendance atteste que la RVS ne mesure pas un savoir encyclop\u00e9dique ou une comp\u00e9tence cognitive acad\u00e9mique, mais bien une adh\u00e9sion axiologique, affective et comportementale aux normes de la foi.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 interne de la RVS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9prouv\u00e9es au sein de trois \u00e9chantillons de standardisation distincts collig\u00e9s entre 1988 et 1995 :<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c9chantillon 1 (Worthington et al., 1988 ; <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 257\">$N = 257$<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Les estimations de coh\u00e9rence interne calcul\u00e9es par l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cronbach%27s_alpha\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> pour les sept facteurs d\u00e9riv\u00e9s empiriquement ont mis en \u00e9vidence des niveaux de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 diff\u00e9renci\u00e9s selon l&rsquo;amplitude des construits :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Engagement religieux global : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}99\">$\\alpha = 0{,}99$<\/span>, traduisant une homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 quasi absolue des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s de d\u00e9votion personnelle.<\/li>\n<li>Autorit\u00e9 scripturaire et communautaire : indices variant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}75\">$\\alpha = 0{,}75$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}88\">$0{,}88$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour un conseiller aux attitudes similaires (rempla\u00e7ant le facteur th\u00e9orique de tol\u00e9rance scripturaire) : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}47\">$\\alpha = 0{,}47$<\/span>, refl\u00e9tant l&rsquo;h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 d&rsquo;un ensemble restreint d&rsquo;items lors de l&rsquo;extraction initiale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00c9chantillon 2 (Worthington et al., 1989 ; <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 252\">$N = 252$<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Afin d&rsquo;aligner le test sur la population cible th\u00e9orique des croyants engag\u00e9s, cet \u00e9chantillon a isol\u00e9 le tiers sup\u00e9rieur des r\u00e9pondants sur la base de leur score d&rsquo;engagement religieux. Les coefficients de consistance interne des six \u00e9chelles correspondantes au mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique original ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 une nette consolidation :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Autorit\u00e9 conf\u00e9r\u00e9e aux \u00c9critures : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}84\">$\\alpha = 0{,}84$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Tol\u00e9rance envers autrui professant des visions scripturaires divergentes : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}64\">$\\alpha = 0{,}64$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Les corr\u00e9lations item-total ont \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9es individuellement, et les items pr\u00e9sentant une corr\u00e9lation item-score total d\u00e9ficiente ont \u00e9t\u00e9 expurg\u00e9s pour optimiser la fiabilit\u00e9 m\u00e9trique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00c9chantillon 3 (McCullough &amp; Worthington, 1995 ; <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 148\">$N = 148$<\/span>)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans cette \u00e9tude de r\u00e9plication \u00e9valuant les perceptions du traitement clinique, les coefficients alpha de Cronbach pour les sept sous-\u00e9chelles originales ont manifest\u00e9 une tr\u00e8s haute tenue psychom\u00e9trique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sous-\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;engagement religieux : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}92\">$\\alpha = 0{,}92$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Autorit\u00e9 accord\u00e9e aux groupes religieux : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}73\">$\\alpha = 0{,}73$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Tol\u00e9rance face aux divergences sur le leadership : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}73\">$\\alpha = 0{,}73$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;ensemble des autres dimensions s&rsquo;est maintenu dans l&rsquo;intervalle d&rsquo;acceptabilit\u00e9 rigoureux compris entre 0,74 et 0,89.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;exploration de l&rsquo;architecture factorielle de la RVS a mobilis\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois des d\u00e9marches exploratoires (AFE) et des d\u00e9marches confirmatoires (AFC), jalonn\u00e9es d&rsquo;\u00e9volutions th\u00e9oriques importantes :<\/p>\n<h3>Analyses en Composantes Principales (ACP) initiales (1988)<\/h3>\n<p>Lors de la phase princeps (Worthington et al., 1988, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 257\">$N = 257$<\/span>), une analyse factorielle par composantes principales assortie d&rsquo;une rotation orthogonale Varimax a \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite. Le crit\u00e8re d&rsquo;inclusion d&rsquo;un item sur un facteur exigeait un poids factoriel (saturation) minimal de <strong>0,45<\/strong>. Cette mod\u00e9lisation a d\u00e9gag\u00e9 une structure empirique \u00e0 sept facteurs soutenant globalement les axes directeurs th\u00e9oriques. N\u00e9anmoins, la sous-dimension hypoth\u00e9tique postulant une tol\u00e9rance sp\u00e9cifique envers les divergences d&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation scripturaire n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9merg\u00e9 sous forme de construit autonome ; les items s&rsquo;y rattachant saturaient pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiellement sur un facteur d\u00e9sign\u00e9 comme la \u00ab pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour un conseiller partageant des attitudes similaires \u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3>Analyse Factorielle Confirmatoire et r\u00e9vision structurelle (1989)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;investigation subs\u00e9quente de Worthington et al. (1989), une <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confirmatory_factor_analysis\">analyse factorielle confirmatoire<\/a> (AFC) a \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9e sur l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon des participants hautement religieux afin de tester l&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation formelle du mod\u00e8le \u00e0 sept facteurs d&rsquo;origine. Les indicateurs d&rsquo;ajustement ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 un indice de qualit\u00e9 d&rsquo;ajustement (<em>Goodness of Fit Index<\/em>, GFI) de <strong>0,61<\/strong>, une valeur largement inf\u00e9rieure au seuil conventionnel minimal d&rsquo;admissibilit\u00e9 fix\u00e9 \u00e0 0,90. Ce r\u00e9sultat a indiqu\u00e9 que le mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique a priori sous-estimait la complexit\u00e9 multidimensionnelle des donn\u00e9es empiriques.<\/p>\n<h3>Restructuration exploratoire \u00e0 huit facteurs (1989)<\/h3>\n<p>La r\u00e9-analyse des donn\u00e9es par analyse factorielle exploratoire a mis en lumi\u00e8re une organisation plus fine en <strong>huit facteurs empiriques distincts<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bifidit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 scripturaire :<\/strong> L&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00c9criture s&rsquo;est scind\u00e9e en deux facteurs autonomes : (1) l&rsquo;utilit\u00e9 pratique des textes sacr\u00e9s dans la vie quotidienne, et (2) la croyance doctrinale inconditionnelle en leur v\u00e9rit\u00e9 absolue.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bifidit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;identification au groupe :<\/strong> L&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;appartenance groupale s&rsquo;est dissoci\u00e9e en : (1) l&rsquo;attachement affectif personnel au groupe religieux, et (2) le recours au groupe comme instance normative dictant les conduites licites.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Autorit\u00e9 du leadership religieux :<\/strong> Ce facteur s&rsquo;est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 stable et unitaire, confirmant la propension \u00e0 suivre les directives du clerg\u00e9 et des autorit\u00e9s \u00e9tablies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reconfiguration de la zone de tol\u00e9rance :<\/strong> L&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se d&rsquo;une disposition g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de tol\u00e9rance passive n&rsquo;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e. En lieu et place, les analyses ont extrait trois facteurs convergents traduisant une pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence active pour des pairs hautement religieux fournissant : (1) des conseils de vie (<em>advice<\/em>), (2) une aide psychologique ou pastorale (<em>counsel<\/em>), et (3) une affiliation sociale protectrice (<em>affiliation<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle des valeurs religieuses (RVS) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique standardis\u00e9 auto-administr\u00e9 sur support papier-crayon ou format informatis\u00e9. Les sp\u00e9cifications formelles de passation et de cotation s&rsquo;\u00e9tablissent comme suit :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type de test :<\/strong> Questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation axiologique et comportementale (inventaire de valeurs et d&rsquo;attitudes).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> <strong>62 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s<\/strong> r\u00e9dig\u00e9s sous forme d&rsquo;affirmations d\u00e9claratives \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne du singulier ou d&rsquo;injonctions normatives.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format et \u00e9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de type Likert ordinale en 5 points, rigoureusement libell\u00e9e comme suit :<br \/>\n    <strong>1 = Not at all true of me<\/strong> (Pas du tout vrai pour moi)<br \/>\n    <strong>2 = Somewhat true of me<\/strong> (Un peu vrai pour moi)<br \/>\n    <strong>3 = Moderately true of me<\/strong> (Mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment vrai pour moi)<br \/>\n    <strong>4 = Mostly true of me<\/strong> (Plut\u00f4t vrai pour moi)<br \/>\n    <strong>5 = Totally true of me<\/strong> (Totalement vrai pour moi)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Auto-passation individuelle ou collective en groupe. Aucune comp\u00e9tence technique pr\u00e9alable n&rsquo;est requise du r\u00e9pondant si ce n&rsquo;est un niveau de litt\u00e9ratie \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire. La passation int\u00e9grale requiert approximativement 15 \u00e0 20 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proc\u00e9dure de cotation (Scoring) :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Chaque item est cot\u00e9 num\u00e9riquement de 1 \u00e0 5. Certains items formul\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re invers\u00e9e (ex. item 7 : <em>\u00ab I feel there are many more important things in life than religion \u00bb<\/em>, ou item 31 relatif \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9quivalence entre les \u00c9critures et d&rsquo;autres sagesses) n\u00e9cessitent un recodage inverse avant le calcul des scores composites.<\/li>\n<li>Les scores des sous-\u00e9chelles sont calcul\u00e9s par la sommation ou la moyenne arithm\u00e9tique des items affili\u00e9s \u00e0 chaque dimension factorielle (Engagement religieux, Autorit\u00e9 des \u00c9critures, Autorit\u00e9 des leaders, Identification groupale, Pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences de counseling).<\/li>\n<li>Conform\u00e9ment aux protocoles de McCullough et Worthington (1995), les participants peuvent \u00eatre cat\u00e9goris\u00e9s en niveaux \u00ab \u00e9lev\u00e9s \u00bb ou \u00ab faibles \u00bb sur chacune des dimensions en appliquant une scission bas\u00e9e sur la moyenne de l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\pm 0{,}5\">$\\pm 0{,}5$<\/span> ou <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\pm 1\">$\\pm 1$<\/span> \u00e9cart-type).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle des valeurs religieuses a \u00e9t\u00e9 formul\u00e9e initialement en <strong>1988<\/strong> lors des travaux de mod\u00e9lisation th\u00e9orique pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s au <em>First International Congress on Christian Counseling<\/em> \u00e0 Atlanta, suivis de formalisations en 1989 et d&rsquo;extensions publi\u00e9es en 1993 et <strong>1995<\/strong> dans le <em>Journal of Counseling and Development<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s et droits d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Statut pour la recherche acad\u00e9mique :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument rel\u00e8ve du domaine de la recherche universitaire ouverte (<em>Open Academic Instrument<\/em>). Il peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 gratuitement par les chercheurs, cliniciens en formation et \u00e9tudiants dans le cadre exclusif de projets d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation clinique non commerciale ou d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes scientifiques, sous r\u00e9serve de citer scrupuleusement les publications originales de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs :<\/strong> Aucun co\u00fbt d&rsquo;acquisition ni redevance commerciale n&rsquo;est pr\u00e9lev\u00e9 pour la reproduction du protocole de test \u00e0 des fins acad\u00e9miques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mat\u00e9riel de cotation et directives compl\u00e9mentaires :<\/strong> Les consignes d&rsquo;administration exhaustives, les cl\u00e9s de correction des sous-\u00e9chelles et les manuels de d\u00e9pouillement sont disponibles sur demande institutionnelle aupr\u00e8s de son auteur principal :<br \/>\n    <strong>Dr. Everett L. Worthington Jr.<\/strong><br \/>\n    Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University<br \/>\n    808 West Franklin Street, Box 842018<br \/>\n    Richmond, VA 23284-2018, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Glock, C. Y., &amp; Stark, R. (1965). <em>Religion and society in tension<\/em>. Rand McNally.<\/li>\n<li>King, M. B., &amp; Hunt, R. A. (1972). Measuring the religious variable: Replication. <em>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion<\/em>, 11(3), 240\u2013251. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1384537\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1384537<\/a><\/li>\n<li>McCullough, M. E., &amp; Worthington, E. L., Jr. (1995). College students&rsquo; perceptions of a psychotherapist&rsquo;s treatment of a religious issue: Partial replication and extension. <em>Journal of Counseling and Development<\/em>, 73(6), 626\u2013634. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01807.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1556-6676.1995.tb01807.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Morrow, D., Worthington, E. L., Jr., &amp; McCullough, M. E. (1993). Observers&rsquo; perceptions of a counselor&rsquo;s treatment of a religious issue. <em>Journal of Counseling and Development<\/em>, 71(4), 452\u2013456. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02664.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02664.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sherif, M., &amp; Hovland, C. I. (1961). <em>Social judgment: Assimilation and contrast effects in communication and attitude change<\/em>. Yale University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Worthington, E. L., Jr. (1988). Understanding the values of religious clients: A model and its application to counseling. <em>Journal of Counseling Psychology<\/em>, 35(2), 166\u2013174. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-0167.35.2.166\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-0167.35.2.166<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Worthington, E. L., Jr., Berry, J. T., Hsu, K., Gowda, K. K., Bleach, E., &amp; Bursley, K. H. (1989, October). <em>Measuring religious values: Factor analytic study of the Religious Values Survey<\/em>. Communication pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e \u00e0 la r\u00e9union de la Virginia Psychological Association, Richmond, VA.<\/li>\n<li>Worthington, E. L., Jr., Hsu, K., Gowda, K. K., &amp; Bleach, E. (1988, November). <em>Preliminary tests of Worthington&rsquo;s (1988) theory of important values in religious counseling<\/em>. Communication pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e au First International Congress on Christian Counseling, Atlanta, GA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> After each of the following 62 statements circle one of the numbers (1 through 5) that best describes how true the statement is of you.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">l. I am concerned that my behavior and speech reflect the teachings of my religion.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I do not accept what I hear in regard to religious beliefs without first questioning the va- lidity of it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is important to me to conform to my religious standards of behavior.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy spending time with others of my religious affiliation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Religious beliefs influence all my dealings in life.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is important to me to spend periods of time in private religious thought and medita\u00adtion.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel there are many more important things in life than religion.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy working in the activities of my religious organization.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I keep well informed about my local religious group and I have some influence on its decisions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I make financial contributions to my religious organization.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often read books and magazines about my faith.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I spend time trying to grow in understanding of my faith.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have personally tried to convert someone to my faith.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I talk about my religion with friends, neighbors, or fellow workers.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Religion is especially important to me because it answers many questions about the meaning of life.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My religious beliefs lie behind my whole approach to life.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would break fellowship with my local religious group if there were things being said of me that are damaging and untrue.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am willing to be persecuted for my religious beliefs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My living environment (room, apartment, house, office) reflects my religious beliefs (i.e., posters, plaques, bumper stickers).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would publicly defend my religious beliefs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe the scriptures of my faith are completely true.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think it is important to obey my faith&#039;s scripture.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith&#039;s scriptures have practical value in the modem world.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I read my faith&#039;s scriptures almost every day.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I memorize my faith&#039;s scriptures.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I depend on my faith&#039;s scriptures to help me make decisions in conflict situations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have experienced the usefulness of my faith&#039;s scriptures in my daily life.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is important to understand the historical significance of my faith&#039;s scriptures.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I understand my faith&#039;s scriptures.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to study my faith&#039;s scriptures.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe that my faith&#039;s scriptures are important but other books of wisdom are equally important.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy being with people whose attitudes toward my faith&#039;s scriptures are similar to my own.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I prefer to take advice from people whose attitude toward my faith&#039;s scriptures is similar to my own.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I went to counseling, I would like a counselor whose attitude toward my faith&#039;s scrip- tures is similar to mine.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What other members of my religious group expect of me is important.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I avoid doing things that members of my local religious group would disapprove of.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel accepted by the members of my local religious group.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I share the goals of the members of my local religious group.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The standards of my local religious group guide me in making decisions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I have a conflict with what my local religious group tells me is right, I go along with the religious group.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I couldn&#039;t get along without involvement in my local religious group.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being recognized by non-members as a member of my local religious group gives me a good feeling.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can get along with the goals of my local religious group but not with the overall goals of the whole organizatior. (e.g., national or world-wide religious group).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I prefer the local chapter of my religious group to the larger overall organization.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The goals of my local religious organization are the same as the goals of the entire orga\u00adnization.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is more important to me to belong to a particular part of my religious group than to think of myself as merely Christian or Jewish or Muslim (or other faith).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy being with people in my local religious group more than people who are not in that group.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy being with people who belong to my overall religious organization.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I prefer not to take advice from people outside my local religious group.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I prefer not to take advice from people outside my overall religious organization.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I went to counseling, I would like a counselor whose faith is similar to mine.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is a religious duty for me to obey governmental authorities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">One should follow the guidance of one&#039;s pastor, priest, or rabbi without question or com- plaint.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is a religious obligation for children to obey their parents.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Husbands should exercise wise, loving authority over their wives.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is a religious obligation even for adults to obey their parents.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When counselors make suggestions, they should be obeyed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When the board of elders (or the leaders of a local religious group) take a stand, the con\u00adgregation should follow their leading.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">One should obey the leader(s) of one&#039;s organized religion (e.g., Pope, President of de\u00ad nomination, or other leader).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy being with people who share my attitudes toward human authorities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I prefer not to take advice from people whose attitudes toward human authorities differs from my own.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I went in to counseling, I would like a counselor whose attitude toward human au\u00adthorities is similar to mine.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analyse psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9taill\u00e9e de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle des valeurs religieuses (Religious Values Scale &#8211; RVS) \u00e9labor\u00e9e par Everett L. Worthington Jr., mesurant l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 scripturaire, le leadership et l&rsquo;engagement religieux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[165,3,2],"tags":[29481,16212,15953,16,2223,29479,29480],"class_list":["post-18583","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-devaluation","category-psychologie-clinique","category-psychometrie","tag-autorite-scripturaire","tag-everett-worthington","tag-psychologie-de-la-religion","tag-psychometrie","tag-psychotherapie","tag-religious-values-scale","tag-valeurs-religieuses"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/18583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18583"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/18583\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}