{"id":18527,"date":"2026-10-17T09:41:54","date_gmt":"2026-10-17T09:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/echelle-de-mysticisme-formulaire-de-recherche-d\/"},"modified":"2026-10-17T09:41:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-17T09:41:54","slug":"echelle-de-mysticisme-formulaire-de-recherche-d","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=echelle-de-mysticisme-formulaire-de-recherche-d","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chelle de Mysticisme : Formulaire de Recherche D"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019<strong>\u00c9chelle de Mysticisme : Formulaire de Recherche D<\/strong> (commun\u00e9ment d\u00e9sign\u00e9e sous l&rsquo;appellation d\u2019<em>\u00c9chelle M<\/em> ou <em>Hood&rsquo;s Mysticism Scale<\/em>) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique d\u2019auto-\u00e9valuation standardis\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 par Ralph W. Hood Jr. en 1975. Con\u00e7u pour quantifier la nature et l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 des exp\u00e9riences mystiques v\u00e9cues par les individus, cet outil op\u00e9rationnalise huit des neuf crit\u00e8res ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques postul\u00e9s par le philosophe <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walter_Terence_Stace\">Walter Terence Stace<\/a> (1960). L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle comprend 32 items \u00e9quilibr\u00e9s, dont 16 sont formul\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re positive et 16 sont invers\u00e9s afin de contrer le biais d&rsquo;acquiescement. Le dispositif repose sur un format de r\u00e9ponse de type Likert en 5 points s&rsquo;\u00e9tendant de -2 (\u00ab certainement faux \u00bb) \u00e0 +2 (\u00ab certainement vrai \u00bb), avec une option neutre ou ind\u00e9cise (\u00ab ? \u00bb \u00e9quivalant \u00e0 0), g\u00e9n\u00e9rant un score total born\u00e9 entre 32 et 160 points apr\u00e8s transformation lin\u00e9aire.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan structurel, bien que con\u00e7ue \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine pour refl\u00e9ter huit dimensions ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques conceptuelles (qualit\u00e9 \u00e9go\u00efque, qualit\u00e9 unificatrice, qualit\u00e9 subjective interne, qualit\u00e9 spatio-temporelle, qualit\u00e9 no\u00e9tique, ineffabilit\u00e9, affect positif et qualit\u00e9 religieuse), la litt\u00e9rature psychom\u00e9trique contemporaine retient principalement deux solutions factorielles : une structure bifactorielle distinguant l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience unitive intense de l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation religieuse (Hood, 1975), et une structure trifactorielle robuste valid\u00e9e sur de larges \u00e9chantillons (Hood et al., 1993) dissociant le mysticisme extravertif, le mysticisme introvertif et l&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation religieuse. L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d\u00e9montre une excellente coh\u00e9rence interne, des corr\u00e9lations item-total corrig\u00e9es ad\u00e9quates allant de 0,29 \u00e0 0,55, et une remarquable stabilit\u00e9 transculturelle. Sa validit\u00e9 convergente est \u00e9tay\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations positives avec l&rsquo;ouverture \u00e0 l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience, l&rsquo;absorption psychologique, l&rsquo;hypnotisabilit\u00e9 et diverses mesures de transcendance spirituelle, tandis que sa validit\u00e9 discriminante est \u00e9tablie par l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;association avec la d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale et les indices de psychopathologie clinique comme le n\u00e9vrosisme ou le psychoticisme.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c9chelle de mysticisme, Ralph W. Hood Jr., exp\u00e9rience mystique, psychologie de la religion, transcendance, \u00e9tats modifi\u00e9s de conscience, Walter Terence Stace, mysticisme introvertif, mysticisme extravertif, psychom\u00e9trie.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et valid\u00e9 empiriquement par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ralph W. Hood Jr., Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychologie \u00e0 l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.utc.edu\/\">Universit\u00e9 du Tennessee \u00e0 Chattanooga<\/a> (UTC), \u00c9tats-Unis. Sp\u00e9cialiste mondialement reconnu de la psychologie de la religion, des exp\u00e9riences religieuses et mystiques anormales, ainsi que du fondamentalisme religieux. Ancien pr\u00e9sident de la Division 36 de l&rsquo;<em>American Psychological Association<\/em> (Society for the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality) et ancien r\u00e9dacteur en chef du <em>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion<\/em>. (Courriel institutionnel : ralph-hood@utc.edu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Des contributions psychom\u00e9triques subs\u00e9quentes majeures concernant l&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire et structurale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 apport\u00e9es par <strong>Ronald J. Morris<\/strong> et <strong>Paul J. Watson<\/strong> (Universit\u00e9 du Tennessee \u00e0 Chattanooga), ainsi que par <strong>Donald Caird<\/strong> au Royaume-Uni.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;<em>\u00c9chelle de Mysticisme : Formulaire de Recherche D<\/em> est de fournir une mesure empirique rigoureuse, objective et standardis\u00e9e des v\u00e9cus ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques hautement intenses caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s par un sentiment d&rsquo;unit\u00e9 supr\u00eame avec le monde ext\u00e9rieur ou avec un \u00ab n\u00e9ant \u00bb absolu (vide conscient), que ces \u00e9tats fassent ou non l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une interpr\u00e9tation confessionnelle ou th\u00e9ologique sp\u00e9cifique. Avant l&rsquo;introduction de cet instrument par Hood en 1975, l&rsquo;investigation empirique de la mystique \u00e9tait entrav\u00e9e par des approches purement qualitatives, biographiques ou confessionnelles, manquant cruellement de r\u00e9plicabilit\u00e9 scientifique.<\/p>\n<h3>Applications en recherche fondamentale et cognitive<\/h3>\n<p>Dans le domaine de la recherche acad\u00e9mique, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle est mobilis\u00e9e pour cartographier les corr\u00e9lats neurobiologiques, cognitifs et dispositionnels des \u00e9tats de conscience unitaire. Elle est fr\u00e9quemment employ\u00e9e dans les protocoles de psychopharmacologie examinant les effets des substances psych\u00e9d\u00e9liques (psilocybine, DMT, k\u00e9tamine) sur la dissolution de l&rsquo;ego et les exp\u00e9riences de transcendance. L&rsquo;outil permet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer de mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9rentielle les composantes perceptives brutes de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience par rapport au cadre cognitif et interpr\u00e9tatif utilis\u00e9 <em>a posteriori<\/em> par le sujet pour donner du sens \u00e0 son v\u00e9cu.<\/p>\n<h3>Applications cliniques et en psychologie de la sant\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Sur le versant clinique et psychopathologique, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle remplit une fonction diagnostique diff\u00e9rentielle capitale : distinguer les exp\u00e9riences mystiques authentiques, souvent int\u00e9gratives et psychologiquement constructives, des manifestations d\u00e9lirantes d&rsquo;\u00e9tats psychotiques \u00e0 th\u00e9matique religieuse. Les recherches empiriques ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les personnes rapportant des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle M ne pr\u00e9sentent pas de profils psychopathologiques d\u00e9viants, ce qui autorise les praticiens \u00e0 normaliser ces \u00e9pisodes intenses sans poser ind\u00fbment un diagnostic psychiatrique p\u00e9joratif.<\/p>\n<h3>Justification th\u00e9orique et neutralit\u00e9 confessionnelle<\/h3>\n<p>La justification th\u00e9orique de l&rsquo;outil repose sur la pr\u00e9misse universaliste selon laquelle le c\u0153ur ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience mystique est ind\u00e9pendant des dogmes culturels particuliers. En d\u00e9pouillant les \u00e9nonc\u00e9s de toute r\u00e9f\u00e9rence th\u00e9ologique restrictive (les termes \u00ab Dieu \u00bb ou \u00ab Christ \u00bb \u00e9tant \u00e9vit\u00e9s au profit de concepts ontologiques comme \u00ab divin \u00bb, \u00ab r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ultime \u00bb ou \u00ab sacr\u00e9 \u00bb), l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle permet une comparabilit\u00e9 directe des donn\u00e9es recueillies au sein de populations chr\u00e9tiennes, bouddhistes, soufies, agnostiques ou ath\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9 par l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle M repose sur les huit cat\u00e9gories ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques d\u00e9finies par W. T. Stace (1960). Chaque dimension est sond\u00e9e par un groupe de quatre items \u00e9quilibr\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Qualit\u00e9 \u00e9go\u00efque (Ego Quality)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension capture le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de dissolution ou de perte de l&rsquo;individualit\u00e9 personnelle au profit d&rsquo;une entit\u00e9 ou d&rsquo;un principe sup\u00e9rieur. L&rsquo;individu ressent que les fronti\u00e8res psychologiques de son \u00ab moi \u00bb s&rsquo;effacent jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;absorption compl\u00e8te dans une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 plus vaste ou la conscience d&rsquo;un vide absolu. <em>Exemples d&rsquo;items :<\/em> items 3, 4, 6 (invers\u00e9), 24 (invers\u00e9).<\/p>\n<h3>2. Qualit\u00e9 unificatrice (Unifying Quality)<\/h3>\n<p>Il s&rsquo;agit de la perception fondamentale selon laquelle toutes les entit\u00e9s de l&rsquo;univers forment un tout indissociable. L&rsquo;observateur et l&rsquo;observ\u00e9 se fondent dans une unit\u00e9 sous-jacente o\u00f9 la multiplicit\u00e9 des formes mat\u00e9rielles est transcend\u00e9e par une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 homog\u00e8ne. <em>Exemples d&rsquo;items :<\/em> items 12, 19, 28 (invers\u00e9), 30 (invers\u00e9).<\/p>\n<h3>3. Qualit\u00e9 subjective interne (Inner Subjective Quality)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette facette \u00e9value la perception animiste ou panpsychiste selon laquelle les objets mat\u00e9riels, les formes de vie ou la mati\u00e8re inanim\u00e9e sont dot\u00e9s d&rsquo;une vie int\u00e9rieure, d&rsquo;une conscience ou d&rsquo;une pr\u00e9sence sensible propre. L&rsquo;individu per\u00e7oit que rien n&rsquo;est v\u00e9ritablement inerte ou mort. <em>Exemples d&rsquo;items :<\/em> items 8 (invers\u00e9), 10 (invers\u00e9), 29, 31.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Qualit\u00e9 spatio-temporelle (Temporal\/Spatial Quality)<\/h3>\n<p>Elle refl\u00e8te la distorsion radicale ou la disparition des rep\u00e8res conventionnels d&rsquo;espace et de temps. Le temps lin\u00e9aire s&rsquo;arr\u00eate, basculant dans une dimension d&rsquo;\u00e9ternit\u00e9 ou d&rsquo;intemporalit\u00e9 absolue, tandis que l&rsquo;espace physique perd ses caract\u00e9ristiques m\u00e9triques habituelles pour devenir omnipr\u00e9sent ou inexistant. <em>Exemples d&rsquo;items :<\/em> items 1, 11, 15 (invers\u00e9), 27 (invers\u00e9).<\/p>\n<h3>5. Qualit\u00e9 no\u00e9tique (Noetic Quality)<\/h3>\n<p>Inspir\u00e9e des travaux de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_James\">William James<\/a> et Stace, cette dimension d\u00e9signe l&rsquo;acquisition d&rsquo;un savoir imm\u00e9diat, intuitif et indubitable concernant la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ultime. L&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience est v\u00e9cue non pas comme une simple hallucination subjective ou une hallucination \u00e9motionnelle, mais comme une r\u00e9v\u00e9lation cognitive directe de v\u00e9rit\u00e9s m\u00e9taphysiques profondes inaccessibles \u00e0 l&rsquo;intellect discursif usuel. <em>Exemples d&rsquo;items :<\/em> items 13, 16 (invers\u00e9), 17, 26 (invers\u00e9).<\/p>\n<h3>6. Ineffabilit\u00e9 (Ineffability)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension renvoie \u00e0 l&rsquo;impossibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;exprimer, de communiquer ou de traduire le contenu de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience au moyen du langage humain articul\u00e9. La nature m\u00eame du v\u00e9cu d\u00e9fie les structures syntaxiques et les cat\u00e9gories verbales standard. <em>Exemples d&rsquo;items :<\/em> items 2 (invers\u00e9), 21 (invers\u00e9), 23, 32.<\/p>\n<h3>7. Affect positif (Positive Affect)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience s&rsquo;accompagne d&rsquo;\u00e9tats \u00e9motionnels euphoriques d&rsquo;une intensit\u00e9 exceptionnelle : paix ineffable, f\u00e9licit\u00e9 totale, b\u00e9atitude, extase et joie profonde exempte de toute anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 existentielle. <em>Exemples d&rsquo;items :<\/em> items 5, 7 (invers\u00e9), 18, 25 (invers\u00e9).<\/p>\n<h3>8. Qualit\u00e9 religieuse (Religious Quality)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension renvoie au sentiment de saintet\u00e9, de transcendance divine, de respect sacr\u00e9 et de fascination m\u00eal\u00e9e de r\u00e9v\u00e9rence (rappelant le concept de <em>numineux<\/em> th\u00e9oris\u00e9 par Rudolf Otto). <em>Exemples d&rsquo;items :<\/em> items 9 (invers\u00e9), 14 (invers\u00e9), 20, 22.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\n<p>Le cadre th\u00e9orique sous-jacent \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle M s&rsquo;ancre dans la ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie compar\u00e9e de la religion d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Walter Terence Stace dans son ouvrage s\u00e9minal <em>Mysticism and Philosophy<\/em> (1960). Stace a postul\u00e9 l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;un \u00ab noyau ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique commun \u00bb (<em>common core thesis<\/em>) \u00e0 toutes les traditions mystiques universelles, par-del\u00e0 les divergences doctrinales \u00e9videntes entre chr\u00e9tiens, hindous, tao\u00efstes ou soufis.<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e8se universaliste de W. T. Stace<\/h3>\n<p>Stace op\u00e8re une distinction conceptuelle fondamentale entre :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience mystique v\u00e9cue<\/strong> : le contenu perceptif et ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nal brut ressenti au moment de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat alt\u00e9r\u00e9 de conscience ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation cognitive <em>a posteriori<\/em><\/strong> : le cadre explicatif, th\u00e9ologique ou philosophique mobilis\u00e9 par le sujet pour donner du sens \u00e0 ce v\u00e9cu, ce cadre \u00e9tant dict\u00e9 par son conditionnement socioculturel ou dogmatique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De plus, Stace divise la mystique unitive en deux formes structurales distinctes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Le mysticisme extravertif<\/strong> : Le sujet per\u00e7oit une unit\u00e9 fondamentale \u00e0 travers le monde physique ext\u00e9rieur sensible. La multiplicit\u00e9 du cosmos est appr\u00e9hend\u00e9e comme proc\u00e9dant d&rsquo;une force vitale vivante unique (\u00ab Tout est un \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le mysticisme introvertif<\/strong> : L&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience est tourn\u00e9e vers l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur par effacement de tous les stimuli sensoriels et des contenus mentaux habituels. L&rsquo;esprit atteint une vacuit\u00e9 absolue, un \u00ab n\u00e9ant \u00bb conscient d\u00e9nu\u00e9 de forme spatio-temporelle (\u00ab l&rsquo;Un sans second \u00bb).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>L&rsquo;apport de William James<\/h3>\n<p>Hood s&rsquo;est \u00e9galement inspir\u00e9 des crit\u00e8res pr\u00e9curseurs \u00e9nonc\u00e9s par William James dans <em>The Varieties of Religious Experience<\/em> (1902), notamment les crit\u00e8res d&rsquo;ineffabilit\u00e9, de qualit\u00e9 no\u00e9tique, de transitoirit\u00e9 et de passivit\u00e9. L&rsquo;instrument de Hood r\u00e9ussit la synth\u00e8se empirique de ces traditions philosophiques en transformant des crit\u00e8res ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques abstraits en \u00e9nonc\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques op\u00e9rationnels soumis aux r\u00e8gles de la psychologie diff\u00e9rentielle.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de Mysticisme a fait l&rsquo;objet de nombreuses investigations empiriques qui confirment sa robustesse.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de Hood (1975), des corr\u00e9lations positives statistiquement significatives ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablies entre les scores globaux de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle M et plusieurs construits th\u00e9oriquement apparent\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;ouverture \u00e0 l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience (<em>Openness to Experience<\/em>) du mod\u00e8le des Big Five ;<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;absorption de Tellegen (TAS), refl\u00e9tant la disposition \u00e0 s&rsquo;immerger totalement dans un objet perceptif ou imaginaire ;<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;hypnotisabilit\u00e9 et la susceptibilit\u00e9 hypnotique (Spanos &amp; Moretti, 1988) ;<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;orientation religieuse intrins\u00e8que d&rsquo;Allport, montrant que les individus motiv\u00e9s par une qu\u00eate spirituelle authentique rapportent des scores mystiques plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s que ceux adoptant une religiosit\u00e9 purement sociale ou extrins\u00e8que.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 discriminante est particuli\u00e8rement bien document\u00e9e vis-\u00e0-vis de la d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale et de la sant\u00e9 mentale :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spanos et Moretti (1988) ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 une absence de corr\u00e9lation significative entre les scores de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle M et les \u00e9chelles de contr\u00f4le de la d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale (telles que l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de Marlowe-Crowne).<\/li>\n<li>Caird (1987) a investigu\u00e9 les liens entre l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle M et la personnalit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de l&rsquo;<em>Eysenck Personality Questionnaire<\/em> (EPQ), constatant une ind\u00e9pendance empirique compl\u00e8te entre les scores de mysticisme et les dimensions de n\u00e9vrosisme ou de psychoticisme.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;\u00e9tude de Stifler, Greer, Sneck et Dovenmuehle (1993) a compar\u00e9 trois cohortes : des patients psychiatriques hospitalis\u00e9s pr\u00e9sentant des d\u00e9lires religieux psychotiques, des contemplatifs religieux engag\u00e9s (moines et religieuses) et un groupe t\u00e9moin constitu\u00e9 d&#8217;employ\u00e9s hospitaliers. Bien que les psychotiques et les contemplatifs aient tous deux rapport\u00e9 des fr\u00e9quences comparables de v\u00e9cus mystiques bruts, le groupe des contemplatifs se distinguait radicalement des psychotiques par des scores d&rsquo;adaptation psychologique et d&rsquo;int\u00e9gration \u00e9motionnelle tout \u00e0 fait normaux, confirmant que l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience mystique ne saurait \u00eatre assimil\u00e9e \u00e0 une d\u00e9compensation psychopathologique.<\/li>\n<li>Hood, Hall, Watson et Biderman (1979) ainsi que Cowling (1985) ont mis en lumi\u00e8re des corr\u00e9lations positives entre le mysticisme et des variables psychologiques adaptatives telles que la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9, la tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 l&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 et la complexit\u00e9 int\u00e9grative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle M \u2013 Formulaire de Recherche D pr\u00e9sente des indicateurs satisfaisants, tant pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle globale que pour ses composantes structurales factorielles.<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon initial de validation men\u00e9 par Hood (1975) sur 300 \u00e9tudiants de premier cycle universitaire, la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 globale a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations item-total corrig\u00e9es oscillant entre 0,29 (item 2) et 0,55 (item 28). Tous les items pr\u00e9sentaient une discrimination satisfaisante entre les quartiles sup\u00e9rieurs et inf\u00e9rieurs de l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon.<\/p>\n<p>Concernant la solution \u00e0 trois facteurs rapport\u00e9e par Hood, Morris et Watson (1993) aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;une cohorte \u00e9largie de 740 participants, les coefficients alpha de Cronbach sont les suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Mysticisme Extravertif :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}76\">$\\alpha = 0{,}76$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Interpr\u00e9tation Religieuse :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}76\">$\\alpha = 0{,}76$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Mysticisme Introvertif :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}69\">$\\alpha = 0{,}69$<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces coefficients t\u00e9moignent d&rsquo;une homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 interne acceptable \u00e0 bonne pour des sous-\u00e9chelles compos\u00e9es d&rsquo;un nombre restreint d&rsquo;items ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques.<\/p>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes longitudinales et les protocoles de v\u00e9rification temporelle ont rapport\u00e9 des coefficients de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest oscillant entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0{,}70\">$r = 0{,}70$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0{,}85\">$r = 0{,}85$<\/span> sur des intervalles de plusieurs semaines \u00e0 plusieurs mois, d\u00e9montrant que la propension \u00e0 rapporter des exp\u00e9riences mystiques refl\u00e8te un trait stable de la personnalit\u00e9 plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;une fluctuation purement circonstancielle de l&rsquo;humeur.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle<\/h2>\n<p>Bien que l&rsquo;instrument ait \u00e9t\u00e9 originellement b\u00e2ti pour refl\u00e9ter les huit dimensions de Stace (1960), la recherche empirique n&rsquo;a jamais pu corroborer une solution \u00e0 huit facteurs orthogonaux ou obliques en raison de la forte colin\u00e9arit\u00e9 des v\u00e9cus ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques. Les psychom\u00e9triciens ont par cons\u00e9quent propos\u00e9 des mod\u00e8les plus molaires et parcimonieux.<\/p>\n<h3>Le mod\u00e8le princeps \u00e0 2 composantes (Hood, 1975)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans ses premi\u00e8res analyses factorielles exploratoires, Hood (1975) a isol\u00e9 deux facteurs majeurs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Composante 1 : Exp\u00e9rience intense d&rsquo;unit\u00e9 (20 items) :<\/strong> regroupe les v\u00e9cus ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques directs de dissolution de l&rsquo;ego, d&rsquo;effacement du temps et de l&rsquo;espace, et d&rsquo;absorption unitaire (items 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Composante 2 : R\u00e9v\u00e9lation religieuse charg\u00e9e d&rsquo;affect (12 items) :<\/strong> capture l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation no\u00e9tique, la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 ultime et l&rsquo;attribution sacr\u00e9e ou divine (items 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, 25, 26).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Le mod\u00e8le \u00e0 3 facteurs de Caird (1988)<\/h3>\n<p>Sur un \u00e9chantillon de 115 sujets, Donald Caird a mis en \u00e9vidence une structure trifactorielle alternative : il a conserv\u00e9 le facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral unitaire tout en scindant la dimension interpr\u00e9tative en une sous-\u00e9chelle proprement religieuse et une sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9pist\u00e9mique ou no\u00e9tique ax\u00e9e sur la connaissance.<\/p>\n<h3>Le mod\u00e8le \u00e0 3 facteurs de Hood, Morris et Watson (1993)<\/h3>\n<p>Valid\u00e9 sur un \u00e9chantillon cons\u00e9quent (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 740\">$N = 740$<\/span>), ce mod\u00e8le repr\u00e9sente aujourd&rsquo;hui le consensus m\u00e9thodologique recommand\u00e9 par Hood, Spilka, Hunsberger et Gorsuch (1996) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 : Mysticisme Extravertif (11 items) :<\/strong> Perception d&rsquo;une unit\u00e9 substantielle avec le monde physique ext\u00e9rieur et animisme de la mati\u00e8re (items 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 : Interpr\u00e9tation Religieuse (12 items) :<\/strong> Attribution de saintet\u00e9, r\u00e9v\u00e9lation de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ultime, sentiment d&rsquo;admiration et affect positif intense (items 5, 7, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 25, 26).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 : Mysticisme Introvertif (8 items) :<\/strong> Exp\u00e9rience intemporelle et aniconique de vide, absorption du moi, conscience d&rsquo;un n\u00e9ant conscient et ineffabilit\u00e9 absolue (items 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 21, 23, 32).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9signation officielle :<\/strong> The Mysticism Scale \u2013 Research Form D (\u00c9chelle de Mysticisme : Formulaire de Recherche D).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Typologie de l&rsquo;instrument :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique (<em>self-report questionnaire<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon ou passation informatis\u00e9e en ligne ; administration orale possible (format dichotomique oui\/non).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 32 items r\u00e9dig\u00e9s en anglais dans la version source standardis\u00e9e (16 items directs, 16 items invers\u00e9s).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse (Format officiel standard) :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert modifi\u00e9e en 5 points symbolis\u00e9e par :<br \/>\n    <strong>+2 :<\/strong> \u00ab This description is definitely true of my own experience or experiences \u00bb (+2 : Cette description est certainement vraie de ma propre exp\u00e9rience ou de mes propres exp\u00e9riences)<br \/>\n    <strong>+1 :<\/strong> \u00ab This description is probably true of my own experience or experiences \u00bb (+1 : Cette description est probablement vraie de ma propre exp\u00e9rience ou de mes propres exp\u00e9riences)<br \/>\n    <strong>? :<\/strong> \u00ab I cannot decide \u00bb (? : Je ne peux pas d\u00e9cider)<br \/>\n    <strong>-1 :<\/strong> \u00ab This description is probably not true of my own experience or experiences \u00bb (-1 : Cette description est probablement fausse de ma propre exp\u00e9rience ou de mes propres exp\u00e9riences)<br \/>\n    <strong>-2 :<\/strong> \u00ab This description is definitely not true of my own experience or experiences \u00bb (-2 : Cette description est certainement fausse de ma propre exp\u00e9rience ou de mes propres exp\u00e9riences)\n  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Proc\u00e9dure de cotation et calcul du score total :<\/strong>\n<ol>\n<li>Inverser la valeur des 16 items formul\u00e9s n\u00e9gativement (items identifi\u00e9s par un ast\u00e9risque : 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30). L&rsquo;inversion s&rsquo;op\u00e8re en multipliant la valeur par -1 (ainsi, un score de -2 devient +2, -1 devient +1, et le point d&rsquo;interrogation reste 0).<\/li>\n<li>Ajouter la constante num\u00e9rique 3 (+3) \u00e0 la valeur de chaque item (les r\u00e9ponses transform\u00e9es passent ainsi d&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle allant de -2 \u00e0 +2 vers une \u00e9chelle positive allant de 1 \u00e0 5 ; la r\u00e9ponse \u00ab ? \u00bb valant 0 devient 3).<\/li>\n<li>Sommer les 32 items ainsi transform\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9tendue th\u00e9orique des scores :<\/strong> Le score total obtenu est born\u00e9 entre un minimum de 32 points et un maximum de 160 points, les scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s refl\u00e9tant une plus grande fr\u00e9quence ou intensit\u00e9 d&rsquo;exp\u00e9riences mystiques rapport\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 1975 par Ralph W. Hood Jr.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Droits d&rsquo;auteur et propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle :<\/strong> D\u00e9pos\u00e9s par Ralph W. Hood Jr. et l&rsquo;organisation \u00e9ditrice (<em>Society for the Scientific Study of Religion<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarification et acc\u00e8s :<\/strong> L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de Mysticisme (Formulaire D) rel\u00e8ve du domaine de la recherche universitaire non commerciale. Elle est mise gratuitement \u00e0 la disposition des chercheurs, cliniciens et universitaires \u00e0 des fins d&rsquo;investigation scientifique, sous r\u00e9serve de citer scrupuleusement l&rsquo;article princeps de Hood (1975).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Utilisation commerciale :<\/strong> Tout usage dans un cadre commercial, lucratif ou dans le d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;applications logicielles propri\u00e9taires requiert une autorisation \u00e9crite pr\u00e9alable de l&rsquo;auteur original.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Caird, D. (1987). Religiosity and personality: Are mystics introverted, neurotic, or psychotic? <em>British Journal of Social Psychology<\/em>, 26(4), 345\u2013346. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00799.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00799.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Caird, D. (1988). The structure of Hood&rsquo;s mysticism scale: A factor-analytic study. <em>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion<\/em>, 27(1), 122\u2013127. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1387407\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1387407<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cowling, W. R. (1985). Relationship of mystical experience, differentiation, and creativity. <em>Perceptual and Motor Skills<\/em>, 61(2), 451\u2013456. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.1985.61.2.451\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.1985.61.2.451<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hood, R. W., Jr. (1975). The construction and preliminary validation of a measure of reported mystical experience. <em>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion<\/em>, 14(1), 29\u201341. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1384454\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1384454<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hood, R. W., Jr. (1977). Eliciting mystical states of consciousness with semistructured nature experiences. <em>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion<\/em>, 16(2), 155\u2013163. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1385746\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1385746<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hood, R. W., Jr., Hall, J. R., Watson, P. J., &amp; Biderman, M. (1979). Personality correlates of the report of mystical experience. <em>Psychological Reports<\/em>, 44(3), 804\u2013806. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pr0.1979.44.3.804\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pr0.1979.44.3.804<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hood, R. W., Jr., Morris, R. J., &amp; Watson, P. J. (1990). Quasi-experimental elicitation of the differential report of religious experiences among intrinsic and indiscriminately pro-religious types. <em>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion<\/em>, 29(2), 164\u2013172. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1387429\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1387429<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hood, R. W., Jr., Morris, R. J., &amp; Watson, P. J. (1993). Further factor analysis of Hood&rsquo;s Mysticism Scale. <em>Psychological Reports<\/em>, 73(3 Pt 2), 1176\u20131178. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pr0.1993.73.3f.1176\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pr0.1993.73.3f.1176<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hood, R. W., Jr., Spilka, B., Hunsberger, B., &amp; Gorsuch, R. (1996). <em>The psychology of religion: An empirical approach<\/em> (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.<\/li>\n<li>James, W. (1902). <em>The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature<\/em>. Longmans, Green, &amp; Co. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/10004-000\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/10004-000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Propst, L. R. (1979). Effects of personality and loss of anonymity on aggression: A reevaluation of deindividuation. <em>Journal of Personality<\/em>, 47(3), 531\u2013545. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1979.tb00212.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1979.tb00212.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Smurthwaite, T. J., &amp; McDonald, R. D. (1987). Examining ecological concern among persons reporting mystical experiences. <em>Psychological Reports<\/em>, 60(2), 591\u2013596. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pr0.1987.60.2.591\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pr0.1987.60.2.591<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Spanos, N. P., &amp; Moretti, P. (1988). Correlates of mystical and diabolical experiences in a sample of female university students. <em>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion<\/em>, 27(1), 105\u2013116. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1387405\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1387405<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Stace, W. T. (1960). <em>Mysticism and philosophy<\/em>. J. B. Lippincott.<\/li>\n<li>Stifler, K. R., Greer, J., Sneck, W., &amp; Dovenmuehle, R. (1993). An empirical investigation of the discriminability of reported mystical experiences among religious contemplatives, psychotic inpatients, and normal adults. <em>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion<\/em>, 32(4), 366\u2013372. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1386663\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1386663<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Swartz, P., &amp; Seginer, L. (1981). Response to body rotation and tendency to mystical experience. <em>Perceptual and Motor Skills<\/em>, 53(2), 683\u2013688. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.1981.53.2.683\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.1981.53.2.683<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> The attached booklet contains brief descriptions of a number of experiences. Some descriptions refer to phenomena that you may not have experienced. In each case note the description carefully and then place a mark in the left margin according to how much the description applies to your own experience. Write +1, +2, or -1, -2, or? depending on how you feel in each case.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience which was both timeless and spaceless.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">* I have never had an experience which was incapable of being expressed in words.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience in which something greater than myself seemed to absorb me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience in which everything seemed to disappear from my mind until I was conscious only of a void.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have experienced profound joy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">* I have never had an experience in which I felt myself to be absorbed as one with all things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">*I have never experienced a perfectly peaceful state.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">*I have never had an experience in which I felt as if all things were alive.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">*I have never had an experience which seemed holy to me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">*I have never had an experience in which all things seemed to be aware.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience in which I had no sense of time or space.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience in which I realized the oneness of myself with all things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience in which a new view of reality was revealed to me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">* I have never experienced anything to be divine.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">* I have never had an experience in which time and space were nonexistent.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">*I have never experienced anything that I could call ultimate reality.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience in which ultimate reality was revealed to me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience in which I felt that all was perfection at that time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience in which I felt everything in the world to be part of the same whole.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience which I knew to be sacred.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">* I have never had an experience which I was unable to express adequately through language.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience which left me with a feeling of awe.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience that is impossible to communicate.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">*I have never had an experience in which my own self seemed to merge into something greater.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">*I have never had an experience which left me with a feeling of wonder.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">*I have never had an experience in which deeper aspects of reality were revealed to me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">*I have never had an experience in which time, place, and distance were meaningless.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">*I have never had an experience in which I became aware of the unity of all things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience in which all things seemed to be conscious.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">*I have never had an experience in which all things seemed to be unified into a single whole.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience in which I felt nothing is ever really dead.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had an experience that cannot be expressed in words.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de Mysticisme : Formulaire de Recherche D (Hood, 1975) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique de 32 items \u00e9valuant les exp\u00e9riences d&rsquo;unit\u00e9 profonde, d&rsquo;ineffabilit\u00e9 et de transcendance bas\u00e9es sur la th\u00e9orie ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique de W. T. Stace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[31,9067,2],"tags":[29344,22651,29345,29348,29347,1542,15953,16,29296,29346],"class_list":["post-18527","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-psychologiques","category-psychologie-de-la-religion","category-psychometrie","tag-echelle-de-mysticisme","tag-etats-modifies-de-conscience","tag-experience-mystique","tag-mysticisme-extravertif","tag-mysticisme-introvertif","tag-phenomenologie","tag-psychologie-de-la-religion","tag-psychometrie","tag-ralph-w-hood-jr","tag-w-t-stace"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/18527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18527"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/18527\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}