{"id":18092,"date":"2026-10-16T10:36:10","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T10:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/questionnaire-des-dilemmes-de-choix\/"},"modified":"2026-10-16T10:36:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T10:36:10","slug":"questionnaire-des-dilemmes-de-choix","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=questionnaire-des-dilemmes-de-choix","title":{"rendered":"Questionnaire des dilemmes de choix"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Questionnaire des dilemmes de choix<\/strong> (connu sous le nom originel de <em>Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire<\/em> ou <strong>CDQ<\/strong>) a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Michael A. Wallach et Nathan Kogan en 1961 afin d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer de mani\u00e8re standardis\u00e9e la tol\u00e9rance individuelle au risque et les m\u00e9canismes d\u00e9cisionnels en situation d&rsquo;incertitude. Con\u00e7u initialement pour explorer la psychologie de la personnalit\u00e9 et les processus cognitifs, l&rsquo;instrument a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le historique d\u00e9terminant dans la d\u00e9couverte et la conceptualisation du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de \u00ab d\u00e9placement vers le risque \u00bb (<em>risky shift<\/em>) et de la polarisation de groupe au sein de la psychologie sociale exp\u00e9rimentale. Le CDQ se compose de <strong>12 sc\u00e9narios hypoth\u00e9tiques<\/strong> ancr\u00e9s dans la vie quotidienne, professionnelle, sportive ou m\u00e9dicale. Chaque dilemme confronte un protagoniste central \u00e0 un arbitrage binaire : une option s\u00fbre garantissant un gain modeste ou le statu quo, et une option attrayante mais risqu\u00e9e dont l&rsquo;\u00e9chec entra\u00eene des cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9gatives s\u00e9v\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<p>Pour chaque situation, le r\u00e9pondant a pour t\u00e2che de d\u00e9terminer la probabilit\u00e9 minimale de succ\u00e8s (1\/10, 3\/10, 5\/10, 7\/10, 9\/10, ou le refus cat\u00e9gorique d&rsquo;opter pour l&rsquo;alternative risqu\u00e9e) qu&rsquo;il exigerait avant de conseiller au protagoniste de s&rsquo;engager dans la voie incertaine. Cette m\u00e9trique op\u00e9rationnalise la \u00ab valeur dissuasive de l&rsquo;\u00e9chec \u00bb (<em>failure deterrence value<\/em>). Bien que le CDQ ait d\u00e9montr\u00e9 une coh\u00e9rence interne mod\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 satisfaisante (coefficients alpha oscillant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,55 et 0,75 selon les populations) et une excellente sensibilit\u00e9 exp\u00e9rimentale aux dynamiques d\u00e9lib\u00e9ratives collectives, sa structure factorielle a fait l&rsquo;objet de vifs d\u00e9bats th\u00e9oriques, oscillant entre un mod\u00e8le unidimensionnel global de propension au risque et une conceptualisation multidimensionnelle dict\u00e9e par le domaine sp\u00e9cifique du dilemme (financier, \u00e9thique, vital, interpersonnel).<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Prise de risque, Questionnaire des dilemmes de choix, CDQ, D\u00e9placement vers le risque, Polarisation de groupe, D\u00e9cision en incertitude, Probabilit\u00e9 subjective, Psychom\u00e9trie, Michael A. Wallach, Nathan Kogan, Valeur dissuasive de l&rsquo;\u00e9chec, \u00c9valuation d\u00e9cisionnelle.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>Le Questionnaire des dilemmes de choix a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et valid\u00e9 par les psychologues am\u00e9ricains <strong>Michael A. Wallach<\/strong> et <strong>Nathan Kogan<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Michael A. Wallach<\/strong> (Ph.D., Harvard University) : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychologie \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Duke (Durham, Caroline du Nord, \u00c9tats-Unis). Ses travaux ont profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9 les domaines de la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9, du d\u00e9veloppement cognitif, des styles de pens\u00e9e et des processus d\u00e9cisionnels en contexte social.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nathan Kogan<\/strong> (Ph.D., Harvard University) : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychologie \u00e0 la <em>New School for Social Research<\/em> (New York, \u00c9tats-Unis) et chercheur senior \u00e0 l&rsquo;<em>Educational Testing Service<\/em> (ETS, Princeton, New Jersey). Figure majeure de la psychologie cognitive et diff\u00e9rentielle, il s&rsquo;est distingu\u00e9 par ses recherches sur le vieillissement, les styles cognitifs et le comportement de choix sous risque.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 formellement introduit dans leur monographie s\u00e9minale de 1964 intitul\u00e9e <em>Risk taking: A study in cognition and personality<\/em>, apr\u00e8s avoir servi de fondement empirique aux \u00e9tudes de dynamique des petits groupes men\u00e9es d\u00e8s 1961-1962 conjointement avec Daryl J. Bem.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du Questionnaire des dilemmes de choix est de quantifier l&rsquo;arbitrage psychologique op\u00e9r\u00e9 par un individu lorsqu&rsquo;il doit \u00e9valuer le compromis entre l&rsquo;attractivit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un r\u00e9sultat potentiel et le co\u00fbt anticip\u00e9 d&rsquo;un \u00e9chec probable. Plut\u00f4t que de reposer sur des loteries mon\u00e9taires abstraites issues des mod\u00e8les n\u00e9oclassiques de l&rsquo;utilit\u00e9 esp\u00e9r\u00e9e de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_von_Neumann\">John von Neumann<\/a> et Oskar Morgenstern, Wallach et Kogan ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 capturer la prise de d\u00e9cision dans des contextes narratifs dot\u00e9s d&rsquo;une forte validit\u00e9 \u00e9cologique apparente.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier deux dimensions compl\u00e9mentaires :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>La disposition individuelle au risque :<\/strong> \u00c9tablir un profil de prudence ou d&rsquo;audace chez un individu en mesurant le niveau de certitude exig\u00e9 avant d&rsquo;entreprendre une action \u00e0 issue incertaine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;impact des interactions collectives sur le jugement :<\/strong> Comparer les d\u00e9cisions prises individuellement en pr\u00e9-test aux consensus \u00e9labor\u00e9s apr\u00e8s discussion de groupe (post-test), afin de mod\u00e9liser les glissements normatifs et l&rsquo;influence sociale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans le domaine de la recherche, le CDQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 mobilis\u00e9 pour \u00e9tudier la psychologie des organisations (d\u00e9cisions d&rsquo;investissement, strat\u00e9gies manag\u00e9riales), la psychologie clinique (comportements impulsifs, anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de performance face \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chec), la criminologie et les sciences politiques (comportements diplomatiques en p\u00e9riode de crise). Il r\u00e9pond au besoin th\u00e9orique d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnaliser le concept de <em>failure deterrence<\/em> (la force inhibitrice de l&rsquo;\u00e9chec potentiel) dans des situations de vie courante o\u00f9 les enjeux ne sont pas purement p\u00e9cuniaires, mais touchent \u00e0 la sant\u00e9, la carri\u00e8re, l&rsquo;honneur ou les relations affectives.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit psychologique cibl\u00e9 par le CDQ est la <strong>propension au risque d\u00e9cisionnel<\/strong>, modul\u00e9e par la <strong>valeur dissuasive de l&rsquo;\u00e9chec<\/strong>. Dans le paradigme de Kogan et Wallach (1964), le risque n&rsquo;est pas appr\u00e9hend\u00e9 comme une simple variance statistique de r\u00e9sultats objectifs, mais comme une exp\u00e9rience psychologique caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par un conflit motivationnel entre deux forces oppos\u00e9es :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;attraction du gain (valence de succ\u00e8s) :<\/strong> L&rsquo;alternative risqu\u00e9e (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"X\">$X$<\/span>) offre un gain substantiel en termes de statut, de richesse, de r\u00e9alisation de soi ou de survie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La peur de la perte (valence de l&rsquo;\u00e9chec) :<\/strong> L&rsquo;\u00e9chec li\u00e9 au choix de <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"X\">$X$<\/span> entra\u00eene des r\u00e9percussions d\u00e9sastreuses (mort, faillite, d\u00e9classement professionnel, rupture conjugale), tandis que l&rsquo;alternative s\u00fbre (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"Y\">$Y$<\/span>) assure un niveau de gain garanti ou maintient la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 existante.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Le CDQ explore plusieurs sph\u00e8res de la vie humaine, r\u00e9parties \u00e0 travers ses 12 items :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Le domaine professionnel et entrepreneurial :<\/strong> Le dilemme de M. A (quitter un emploi stable mais modeste chez un grand fabricant d&rsquo;\u00e9lectronique pour rejoindre une start-up risqu\u00e9e avec parts sociales) et celui de M. E (construire une usine m\u00e9tallurgique aux \u00c9tats-Unis avec un rendement mod\u00e9r\u00e9 ou dans un pays \u00e9tranger instable sous menace d&rsquo;expropriation avec un rendement \u00e9lev\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le domaine m\u00e9dical et vital :<\/strong> Le dilemme de M. B (subir une op\u00e9ration chirurgicale cardiaque exp\u00e9rimentale potentiellement fatale pour gu\u00e9rir une cardiopathie grave ou vivre sous de lourdes restrictions m\u00e9dicales).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le domaine financier et patrimonial :<\/strong> Le dilemme de M. C (investir un capital d&rsquo;assurance-vie de 4 000 $ dans des actions refuges rapportant 6 % ou sp\u00e9culer sur une entreprise innovante risquant la d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciation).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le domaine sportif et comp\u00e9titif :<\/strong> Les dilemmes de M. D (capitaine d&rsquo;une \u00e9quipe universitaire de football am\u00e9ricain tentant un jeu risqu\u00e9 pour la victoire \u00e0 la derni\u00e8re seconde plut\u00f4t que d&rsquo;assurer un match nul) et de M. G (joueur d&rsquo;\u00e9checs tentant une man\u0153uvre tactique trompeuse mais hasardeuse contre un favori).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le domaine acad\u00e9mique et vocationnel :<\/strong> Le dilemme de M. F (choisir entre une universit\u00e9 prestigieuse o\u00f9 les \u00e9checs au doctorat sont massifs et une universit\u00e9 ordinaire o\u00f9 l&rsquo;obtention du dipl\u00f4me est garantie) et de M. H (poursuivre une formation incertaine de pianiste concertiste ou entrer en \u00e9cole de m\u00e9decine avec un statut garanti).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le domaine de la survie physique extr\u00eame :<\/strong> Le dilemme de M. J (prisonnier de guerre am\u00e9ricain planifiant une \u00e9vasion risqu\u00e9e dans un camion de ravitaillement, avec la peine de mort en cas de capture).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le domaine politique et civique :<\/strong> Le dilemme de M. K (candidature \u00e9lectorale co\u00fbteuse et risqu\u00e9e pour le Congr\u00e8s dans une circonscription d\u00e9favorable).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le domaine de la recherche scientifique :<\/strong> Le dilemme de M. L (physicien s&rsquo;engageant sur un probl\u00e8me th\u00e9orique ardu de 5 ans pouvant r\u00e9volutionner la physique ou \u00e9chouer totalement, plut\u00f4t que de publier des articles mineurs mais s\u00fbrs).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le domaine conjugal et relationnel :<\/strong> Le dilemme de M. M (d\u00e9cision d&rsquo;\u00e9pouser ou non une partenaire malgr\u00e9 des divergences majeures constat\u00e9es lors d&rsquo;un conseil conjugal).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le cadre th\u00e9orique du CDQ s&rsquo;articule autour de la psychologie diff\u00e9rentielle de la personnalit\u00e9 et de la dynamique des groupes issue de la tradition de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kurt_Lewin\">Kurt Lewin<\/a>. Lorsque Wallach et Kogan con\u00e7oivent l&rsquo;instrument en 1961, l&rsquo;opinion dominante postulait que les d\u00e9cisions collectives aboutissaient invariablement \u00e0 des compromis mod\u00e9r\u00e9s, prudents et conservateurs comparativement aux jugements individuels. Or, les travaux fondateurs de James Stoner (1961) \u00e0 la Sloan School of Management du MIT, suivis des \u00e9tudes approfondies de Wallach, Kogan et Bem (1962, 1964), ont mis en \u00e9vidence le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne inverse : le <strong>d\u00e9placement vers le risque<\/strong> (<em>risky shift<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Trois grandes familles de th\u00e9ories socio-cognitives ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es pour expliquer les donn\u00e9es issues du CDQ :<\/p>\n<h3>1. La diffusion de responsabilit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Initialement formul\u00e9e par Wallach, Kogan et Bem (1964), cette hypoth\u00e8se sugg\u00e8re que le cadre de la discussion de groupe att\u00e9nue le sentiment de culpabilit\u00e9 ou d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 individuelle face \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9ventualit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un \u00e9chec. Le risque \u00e9tant partag\u00e9 socialement, les membres du groupe adoptent une attitude plus audacieuse.<\/p>\n<h3>2. La comparaison sociale et la valorisation culturelle<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Roger Brown (1965), cette perspective avance que dans la majorit\u00e9 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s occidentales, la prise de risque est per\u00e7ue comme une valeur culturelle positive synonyme de courage, d&rsquo;initiative et de comp\u00e9tence. Lors de la passation individuelle initiale, les sujets sous-estiment l&rsquo;audace d&rsquo;autrui. La confrontation collective r\u00e9v\u00e8le que d&rsquo;autres participants sont plus t\u00e9m\u00e9raires, incitant chaque membre \u00e0 r\u00e9ajuster sa position vers un niveau d&rsquo;audace sup\u00e9rieur pour pr\u00e9server une pr\u00e9sentation de soi favorable.<\/p>\n<h3>3. La th\u00e9orie des arguments persuasifs<\/h3>\n<p>Formalis\u00e9e plus tard par Eugene Burnstein et Amiram Vinokur (1973), cette approche cognitive d\u00e9montre que l&rsquo;orientation vers le risque ou la prudence d\u00e9pend de la proportion d&rsquo;arguments persuasifs disponibles dans la m\u00e9moire collective pour chaque sc\u00e9nario. L&rsquo;effet de groupe n&rsquo;est pas un biais purement affectif, mais le r\u00e9sultat d&rsquo;un traitement rationnel d&rsquo;informations nouvelles et dominantes partag\u00e9es durant la d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration. Ce m\u00e9canisme a permis \u00e0 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serge_Moscovici\">Serge Moscovici<\/a> et Willem Doise de g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne sous le concept unificateur de <em>polarisation de groupe<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique du CDQ a fait l&rsquo;objet de nombreuses v\u00e9rifications exp\u00e9rimentales tout au long des d\u00e9cennies 1960 \u00e0 1980.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de construit a \u00e9t\u00e9 appuy\u00e9e par la convergence entre les choix au CDQ et les mesures projectives de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et de la motivation d&rsquo;accomplissement (Need for Achievement de McClelland et Atkinson). Kogan et Wallach (1964) ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les individus pr\u00e9sentant une anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e (mesur\u00e9e par la <em>Manifest Anxiety Scale<\/em> de Taylor) et un besoin d&rsquo;approbation sociale fort exigent des probabilit\u00e9s de succ\u00e8s significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es (scores moyens tendant vers 7\/10 ou 9\/10), attestant d&rsquo;une grande valeur dissuasive de l&rsquo;\u00e9chec.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>Les corr\u00e9lations entre le score global au CDQ et des comportements d\u00e9cisionnels r\u00e9els en laboratoire (ex. : paris de d\u00e9s, t\u00e2ches d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation motrice sous r\u00e9compense mon\u00e9taire) ont oscill\u00e9 entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,25\">$r = 0,25$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,42\">$r = 0,42$<\/span> ($p < 0,01$). Bien que ces coefficients soient mod\u00e9r\u00e9s, ils correspondent aux standards de la pr\u00e9diction des comportements sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 partir de questionnaires d'attitudes g\u00e9n\u00e9rales. Le CDQ s'est \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 \u00eatre un pr\u00e9dicteur robuste de l'adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 des changements strat\u00e9giques en simulation d'entreprise et d'arbitrages financiers chez de jeunes cadres.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>Le CDQ d\u00e9montre une excellente ind\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis des \u00e9chelles d&rsquo;intelligence g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (QI mesur\u00e9 par les matrices progressives de Raven ou l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de Wechsler, $r < 0,15$, non significatif), ce qui confirme que la disposition au risque mesur\u00e9e par les probabilit\u00e9s subjectives constitue un trait cognitivo-motivationnel distinct des capacit\u00e9s d'abstraction intellectuelle pure.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du CDQ refl\u00e8tent la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 des instruments fond\u00e9s sur des mises en situation h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8nes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coh\u00e9rence interne :<\/strong> Les analyses initiales de Wallach et Kogan (1961) ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des corr\u00e9lations inter-items faibles \u00e0 mod\u00e9r\u00e9es, comprises entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,11\">$r = 0,11$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,38\">$r = 0,38$<\/span>. Le coefficient alpha de Cronbach calcul\u00e9 dans des m\u00e9ta-analyses et \u00e9tudes de r\u00e9plication ult\u00e9rieures (notamment Cartwright, 1971 ; Blascovich, 1973) s&rsquo;\u00e9tablit entre <strong><span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0,55\">$\u0007lpha = 0,55$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha = 0,72\">$\u0007lpha = 0,72$<\/span><\/strong>. Cette valeur indique que les dilemmes ne forment pas un bloc strictement redondant, mais \u00e9chantillonnent des facettes situationnelles vari\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest :<\/strong> Chez des sujets effectuant le test individuellement \u00e0 deux reprises (intervalle de 2 \u00e0 4 semaines sans interaction collective interm\u00e9diaire), les coefficients de stabilit\u00e9 temporelle sont satisfaisants, se situant entre <strong><span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,70\">$r = 0,70$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,82\">$r = 0,82$<\/span><\/strong>, ce qui d\u00e9montre la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle des crit\u00e8res de d\u00e9cision personnels.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 split-half (moiti\u00e9s partag\u00e9es) :<\/strong> Corrig\u00e9e par la formule de Spearman-Brown, la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 par bipartition atteint g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des valeurs de <strong><span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r_{sb} = 0,64\">$r_{sb} = 0,64$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,75$<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Les recherches psychom\u00e9triques (notamment celles de Paul Slovic, 1962, 1972 et de Robert L. Helmreich, 1971) ont syst\u00e9matiquement remis en question l&rsquo;unidimensionnalit\u00e9 stricte initialement postul\u00e9e par Wallach et Kogan :<\/p>\n<h3>Structure factorielle exploratoire (AFE)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse factorielle en composantes principales avec rotation Varimax fait \u00e9merger typiquement <strong>deux \u00e0 trois facteurs principaux<\/strong> expliquant entre 40 % et 52 % de la variance totale :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 : Risques \u00e0 valence mat\u00e9rielle et statutaire (orientation risqu\u00e9e) :<\/strong> Regroupe principalement les items A (changement d&#8217;emploi), C (placement boursier), D (football), E (usine \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tranger) et L (physicien). Les saturations sur ce facteur oscillent entre 0,48 et 0,71. Pour ces items, la discussion de groupe g\u00e9n\u00e8re presque invariablement un d\u00e9placement vers le risque.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 : Risques physiques et vitaux (orientation prudente) :<\/strong> Regroupe les items B (op\u00e9ration chirurgicale cardiaque fatale) et M (mariage sous divergences majeures), parfois accompagn\u00e9s de l&rsquo;item J (\u00e9vasion de camp de prisonniers). Les saturations d\u00e9passent 0,55. Fait remarquable, sur ces items pr\u00e9cis, les recherches ont mis en \u00e9vidence un \u00ab d\u00e9placement vers la prudence \u00bb (<em>cautious shift<\/em>), invalidant l&rsquo;id\u00e9e que le groupe pousse toujours \u00e0 l&rsquo;audace aveugle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 : Risques de prestige acad\u00e9mique et vocationnel :<\/strong> Regroupe les items F (doctorat de chimie) et H (carri\u00e8re de pianiste de concert), avec des saturations moyennes comprises entre 0,45 et 0,62.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments factoriels ont conduit les psychologues contemporains \u00e0 privil\u00e9gier une interpr\u00e9tation du risque d\u00e9pendante du domaine (<em>domain-specific risk-taking<\/em>), pr\u00e9figurant la construction d&rsquo;\u00e9chelles modernes telles que la DOSPERT (Weber, Blais &amp; Betz, 2002).<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>Les caract\u00e9ristiques formelles de passation et de d\u00e9pouillement du Questionnaire des dilemmes de choix se r\u00e9sument ainsi :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;outil :<\/strong> Questionnaire auto-administr\u00e9 ou administr\u00e9 en passation collective standardis\u00e9e (crayon-papier ou informatis\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 12 sc\u00e9narios narratifs ind\u00e9pendants (d\u00e9sign\u00e9s de Monsieur A \u00e0 Monsieur M, la lettre I \u00e9tant omise).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format des r\u00e9ponses :<\/strong> Choix multiple ordonn\u00e9 \u00e0 6 niveaux repr\u00e9sentant des probabilit\u00e9s de succ\u00e8s : 1\/10, 3\/10, 5\/10, 7\/10, 9\/10, ou case sp\u00e9cifique de refus absolu (\u00ab <em>not take the risky choice no matter what the probabilities<\/em> \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Phase individuelle (pr\u00e9-test) :<\/em> Le sujet remplit les 12 dilemmes seul, en temps non limit\u00e9 (environ 20 \u00e0 30 minutes).<\/li>\n<li><em>Phase collective (facultative) :<\/em> Les participants sont regroup\u00e9s par 3 \u00e0 5 personnes et doivent d\u00e9battre de chaque item jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 parvenir \u00e0 un consensus unanime sur la cote minimale \u00e0 recommander.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et calcul du score :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Chaque palier de probabilit\u00e9 re\u00e7oit une valeur num\u00e9rique correspondant au num\u00e9rateur : 1 chance sur 10 = 1 point ; 3 sur 10 = 3 points ; 5 sur 10 = 5 points ; 7 sur 10 = 7 points ; 9 sur 10 = 9 points.<\/li>\n<li>Le refus complet d&rsquo;engager le protagoniste dans l&rsquo;option risqu\u00e9e, quelle que soit la probabilit\u00e9, est universellement cot\u00e9 <strong>10 points<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><em>Score total :<\/em> Somme des scores des 12 items. L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle th\u00e9orique s&rsquo;\u00e9tend de <strong>12 points<\/strong> (propension extr\u00eame au risque, acceptation d&rsquo;une chance sur 10 partout) \u00e0 <strong>120 points<\/strong> (prudence absolue, rejet total de toute \u00e9ventualit\u00e9 risqu\u00e9e). Un score bas traduit une forte acceptation du risque ; un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 traduit une forte aversion au risque (valeur dissuasive de l&rsquo;\u00e9chec \u00e9lev\u00e9e).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de conception originale :<\/strong> 1961 (premi\u00e8res exploitations publi\u00e9es en 1962 ; formalisation compl\u00e8te dans l&rsquo;ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence en 1964).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> Les items du CDQ font partie du domaine public acad\u00e9mique \u00e0 des fins d&rsquo;enseignement et de recherche scientifique non commerciale. Publi\u00e9 originellement dans des monographies universitaires et des revues de l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\">American Psychological Association<\/a>, l&rsquo;instrument ne n\u00e9cessite aucune redevance financi\u00e8re ni acquisition de licence payante aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un \u00e9diteur commercial.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Utilisation libre sous condition expresse de citation acad\u00e9mique rigoureuse des travaux originaux de Wallach, Kogan et Bem (1962, 1964).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Blascovich, J. (1973). Sequence effects on choice dilemmas. <em>The Journal of Social Psychology<\/em>, 91(2), 291-294. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224545.1973.9922670\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224545.1973.9922670<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Brown, R. (1965). <em>Social psychology<\/em>. Free Press.<\/li>\n<li>Burnstein, E., &amp; Vinokur, A. (1973). Testing two classes of interpretations for group induced shifts in individual choice. <em>Journal of Experimental Social Psychology<\/em>, 9(2), 123-137. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-1031(73)90003-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-1031(73)90003-8<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cartwright, D. (1971). Risk taking by individuals and groups: An assessment of research employing choice dilemmas. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 20(3), 361-378. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0031912\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0031912<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Helmreich, R. L. (1971). The Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire: Structure and performance. <em>Psychonomic Science<\/em>, 24(5), 231-232.<\/li>\n<li>Kogan, N., &amp; Wallach, M. A. (1964). <em>Risk taking: A study in cognition and personality<\/em>. Holt, Rinehart &amp; Winston. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t00821-000\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t00821-000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Moscovici, S., &amp; Doise, W. (1992). <em>Dissensions et consensus : Une th\u00e9orie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des d\u00e9cisions collectives<\/em>. Presses Universitaires de France.<\/li>\n<li>Slovic, P. (1962). Convergent validation of risk taking measures. <em>Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology<\/em>, 65(1), 68-71. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0040778\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0040778<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Stoner, J. A. F. (1961). <em>A comparison of individual and group decisions involving risk<\/em> (Unpublished master&rsquo;s thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Industrial Management.<\/li>\n<li>Wallach, M. A., &amp; Kogan, N. (1959). Sex differences and judgment processes. <em>Journal of Personality<\/em>, 27(4), 555-564. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1959.tb01869.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1959.tb01869.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wallach, M. A., Kogan, N., &amp; Bem, D. J. (1962). Group influence on individual risk taking. <em>The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology<\/em>, 65(2), 75-86. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0044376\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0044376<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wallach, M. A., Kogan, N., &amp; Bem, D. J. (1964). Diffusion of responsibility and level of risk taking in groups. <em>The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology<\/em>, 68(3), 263-274. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0042456\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0042456<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mr. A, an electrical engineer, who is married and has one child, has been working for a large electronics corpora8on since gradua8ng from college \ufb01ve years ago. He is assured of a life8me job with a modest, though adequate, salary, and liberal pension bene\ufb01ts upon re8rement. On the other hand, it is very unlikely that his salary will increase much before he re8res. While aIending a conven8on, Mr. A is o\ufb00ered a job with a small, newly founded company which has a highly uncertain future. The new job would pay more to start and would o\ufb00er the possibility of share in the ownership if the company survived the compe88on of the larger \ufb01rms.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Imagine that you are advising Mr. A. Listed below are several probabili8es or odds of the new company\u2019s proving \ufb01nancially sound.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Please check the\u00a0lowest\u00a0probability that you would consider acceptable to make it worthwhile for Mr. A. to take the new job.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 1 in 10 that the company will prove \ufb01nancially sound.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 3 in 10 that the company will prove \ufb01nancially sound.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 5 in 10 that the company will prove \ufb01nancially sound.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 7 in 10 that the company will prove \ufb01nancially sound.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 9 in 10 that the company will prove \ufb01nancially sound.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Place a check here if you think Mr. A should\u00a0not\u00a0take the new job no maIer what the probabili8es.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mr. B, a 45-\u00ad\u2010year-\u00ad\u2010old accountant, has recently been informed by his physician that he has developed a severe heart ailment. The disease would be su\ufb03ciently serious to force Mr. B to change many of his strongest life habits\u2014reducing his work load, dras8cally changing his diet, giving up favorite leisure-\u00ad\u20108me pursuits. The physician suggests that a delicate medical opera8on could be atempted which, if successful, would completely relieve the heart condi8on. But its success could not be assured, and in fact, the opera8on might prove fatal.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Imagine that you are advising Mr. B. Listed below are several probabili8es or odds that the opera8on will prove successful.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Please check the\u00a0lowest\u00a0probability that you would consider acceptable for the opera=on to be performed.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Place a check here if you think Mr. B should\u00a0not\u00a0have the opera8on no maIer what the probabili8es.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 9 in 10 that the opera8on will be a success.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 7 in 10 that the opera8on will be a success.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 5 in 10 that the opera8on will be a success.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 3 in 10 that the opera8on will be a success.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 1 in 10 that the opera8on will be a success.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mr. C, a married man with two children, has a steady job that pays him about <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"6,000 per year. He can easily a\ufb00ord the necessi8es of life, but few of the luxuries. Mr. C&#039;s father, who died recently, carried a\">$6,000 per year. He can easily a\ufb00ord the necessi8es of life, but few of the luxuries. Mr. C&#039;s father, who died recently, carried a$<\/span>4,000 life insurance policy. Mr. C would like to invest this money in stocks. He is well aware of the secure &quot;blue-\u00ad\u2010chip&quot; stocks and bonds that would pay approximately 6% on his investment. On the other hand, Mr. C has heard that the stocks of a rela8vely unknown Company X might double their present value if a new product currently in produc8on is favorably received by the buying public. However, if the product currently is unfavorably received, the stocks would decline in value.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Imaging that you are advising Mr. C. Listed below are several probabili8es or odds that Company X stocks will double their value.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Please check the\u00a0lowest\u00a0probability that you would consider acceptable for Mr. C to invest in Company X stocks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 1 in 10 that the stocks will double their value.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 3 in 10 that the stocks will double their value.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances arc 5 in 10 that the stocks will double their value.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 7 in 10 that the stocks will double their value.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 9 in 10 that the stocks will double their value.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Place a check here if you think Mr. C should\u00a0not\u00a0invest in Company X stocks no maIer what the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mr. D is the captain of College X&#039;s football team. College X is playing its tradi8onal rival, College Y, in the \ufb01nal game of the season. The game is in its \ufb01nal seconds, and Mr. D&#039;s team, College X, is behind in the score. College X has 8me to run one more play. Mr. D, the captain, must decide whether it would be best to seIle for a 8e score with a play which would be almost certain to work, or, on the other hand, should he try a more complicated and risky play which could bring victory if it succeeded, but defeat if not.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Imagine that you are advising Mr. D. Listed below are several probabili8es or odds that the risky play will work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Please check the\u00a0lowest\u00a0probability that you would consider acceptable for the risky play to be a@empted.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Place a check here if you think Mr. D should\u00a0not\u00a0aIempt the risky play no maIer what the probabili8es.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 9 in 10 that the risky play will work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 7 in 10 that the risky play will work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 5 in 10 that the risky play will work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 3 in 10 that the risky play will work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 1 in 10 that the risky play will work.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mr. E is president of a light metals corpora8on in the United States. The corpora8on is quite prosperous, and has strongly considered the possibili8es of business expansion by building an addi8onal plant in a new loca8on. The choice is between building another plant in the U.S., where there would be a moderate return on the ini8al investment, or building a plant in a foreign country. Lower labor costs and easy access to raw materials in that country would mean a much higher return on the ini8al investment. On the other hand, there is a history of poli8cal instability and revolu8on in the foreign country under considera8on. In fact, the leader of a small minority party is commiIed to na8onalizing, that is, taking over, all foreign investments.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Imagine that you are advising Mr. E. Listed below are several probabili8es or odds of con8nued poli8cal stability in the foreign country under considera8on.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Please check the\u00a0lowest\u00a0probability that you would consider acceptable for Mr. E&#039;s corpora=on to build a plant in that country.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 1 in 10 that the foreign country will remain poli8cally stable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 3 in 10 that the foreign country will remain poli8cally stable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 5 in 10 that the foreign country will remain poli8cally stable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 7 in 10 that the foreign country will remain poli8cally stable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 9 in 10 that the foreign country will remain poli8cally stable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Place a check here if you think Mr. E\u2019s corpora8on should\u00a0not\u00a0build a plant in the foreign country, no maIer what the probabili8es.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mr. F is currently a college senior who is very eager to pursue graduate study in chemistry leading to the Doctor of Philosophy degree. He has been accepted by both University X and University Y. University X has a world-\u00ad\u2010wide reputa8on for excellence in chemistry. While a degree from University X would signify outstanding training in this \ufb01eld, the standards are so very rigorous that only a frac8on of the degree candidates actually receive the degree. University Y, on the other hand, has much less of a reputa8on in chemistry, but almost everyone admiIed is awarded the Doctor of Philosophy degree, though the degree has much less pres8ge than the corresponding degree from University X.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Imagine that you are advising Mr. F. Listed below are several probabili8es or odds that Mr. F would be awarded a degree at University X, the one with the greater pres8ge.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Please check the\u00a0lowest\u00a0probability that you would consider acceptable to make it worthwhile for Mr. F to enroll in University X rather than University Y.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Place a check here if you think Mr. F should\u00a0not\u00a0enroll in University X, no maIer what the probabili8es.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 9 in 10 that Mr. F would receive a degree from University X.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 7 in 10 that Mr. F would receive a degree from University X.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 5 in 10 that Mr. F would receive a degree from University X.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 3 in 10 that Mr. F would receive a degree from University X.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 1 in 10 that Mr. F would receive a degree from University X.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mr. G, a competent chess player, is par8cipa8ng in a na8onal chess tournament. In an early match he draws the top-\u00ad\u2010favored player in the tournament as his opponent. Mr. G has been given a rela8vely low ranking in view of his performance in previous tournaments. During the course of his play with the top-\u00ad\u2010favored man, Mr. G notes the possibility of a decep8ve though risk maneuver which might bring him a quick victory. At the same 8me, if the aIempted maneuver should fail, Mr. G. would be lel in an exposed posi8on and defeat would almost certainly follow.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Imagine that you are advising Mr. G. Listed below are several probabili8es or odds that Mr. G\u2019s decep8ve play would succeed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Please check the\u00a0lowest\u00a0probability that you would consider acceptable for the risky play in ques=on to be<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 1 in 10 that the play would succeed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 3 in 10 that the play would succeed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 5 in 10 that the play would succeed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 7 in 10 that the play would succeed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 9 in 10 that the play would succeed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Place a check here if you think Mr. G. should\u00a0not\u00a0aIempt the risky play, no maIer what the probabili8es.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mr. H, a college senior, has studied the piano since childhood. He has won amateur prizes and given small recitals, sugges8ng that Mr. H has considerable musical talent. As gradua8on approaches, Mr. H has the choice of going to medical school to become a physician, a profession which would bring certain pres8ge and \ufb01nancial rewards; or entering a conservatory of music for advanced training with a well-\u00ad\u2010known pianist. Mr. H realizes that even upon comple8on of his piano studies, which would take many more years and a lot of money, success a concert pianist would not be assured.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Imagine that you are advising Mr. H. Listed below are several probabili8es or odds that Mr. H would succeed as a concert pianist.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Please check the\u00a0lowest\u00a0probability that you would consider acceptable for Mr. H to con=nue with his musical<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Place a check here if you think Mr. H should\u00a0not\u00a0pursue his musical training no maIer what the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 9 in 10 that Mr. H would succeed as a concert pianist.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 7 in 10 that Mr. H would succeed as a concert pianist.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 5 in 10 that Mr. H would succeed as a concert pianist.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 3 in 10 that Mr. H would succeed as a concert pianist.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 1 in 10 that Mr. H would succeed as a concert pianist.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">73<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mr. J is an American captured by the enemy in World War II and placed in a prison-\u00ad\u2010of-\u00ad\u2010war camp. Condi8ons in the camp are quite bad, with long hours of hard physical labor and a barely su\ufb03cient diet. Aler spending several months in this camp, Mr. J notes the possibility of escape by concealing himself in a supply truck that shuIles in and out of the camp. Of course, there is no guarantee that the escape would prove successful. Recapture by the enemy could well mean execu8on.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">74<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Imagine that you are advising Mr. J. Listed below are several probabili8es or odds of a successful escape from the prisoner-\u00ad\u2010of-\u00ad\u2010war camp.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">75<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Please check the\u00a0lowest\u00a0probability that you would consider acceptable for an escape to be a@empted.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">76<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 1 in 10 that the escape would succeed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">77<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 3 in 10 that the escape would succeed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">78<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 5 in 10 that the escape would succeed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">79<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 7 in 10 that the escape would succeed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">80<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 9 in 10 that the escape would succeed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">81<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Place a check here if you think Mr. J should\u00a0not\u00a0try to escape no maIer what the probabili8es.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">82<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mr. K is a successful businessman who has par8cipated in a number of civic ac8vi8es of considerable value to the community. Mr. K has been approached by the leaders of his poli8cal party as a possible congressional candidate in the next elec8on. Mr. K\u2019s party is a minority party in the district, though the party has won occasional elec8ons in the past. Mr. K would like to hold poli8cal o\ufb03ce, but to do so would involve a serious \ufb01nancial sacri\ufb01ce, since the party has insu\ufb03cient campaign funds. He would also have to endure the aIacks of his poli8cal opponents in a hot campaign.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">83<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Imagine that you are advising Mr. K. Listed below are several probabili8es or odds of Mr. K\u2019s winning the elec8on in his district.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">84<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Please check the\u00a0lowest\u00a0probability that you would consider acceptable to make it worthwhile for Mr. K to run for poli=cal o\ufb03ce.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">85<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Place a check here if you think Mr. K should\u00a0not\u00a0run for poli8cal o\ufb03ce no maIer what the probabili8es.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">86<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 9 in 10 that Mr. K would win the elec8on.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">87<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 7 in 10 that Mr. K would win the elec8on.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">88<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 5 in 10 that Mr. K would win the elec8on.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">89<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 3 in 10 that Mr. K would win the elec8on.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">90<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 1 in 10 that Mr. K would win the elec8on.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">91<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mr. L, a married 30-\u00ad\u2010year-\u00ad\u2010old research physicist, has been given a \ufb01ve-\u00ad\u2010year appointment by a major university laboratory. As he contemplates the next \ufb01ve years, he realizes that he might work on a di\ufb03cult, long-\u00ad\u2010term problem which, if a solu8on could be found, would resolve basic scien8\ufb01c issues in the \ufb01eld and bring high scien8\ufb01c honors. If no solu8on were found, however, Mr. L would have liIle to show for his \ufb01ve years in the laboratory, and this would make it hard for him to get a good job alerwards. On the other hand, he could, as most of his professional associates are doing, work on a series of short-\u00ad\u2010term problems where solu8ons would be easier to \ufb01nd, but where the problems are of lesser scien8\ufb01c importance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">92<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Imagine that you are advising Mr. L. Listed below are several probabili8es or odds that a solu8on would be found to the di\ufb03cult, long-\u00ad\u2010term problem that Mr. L has in mind.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">93<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Please check the\u00a0lowest\u00a0probability that you would consider acceptable to make it worthwhile for Mr. L to work on the more di\ufb03cult, long-\u00ad\u2010term problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">94<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 1 in 10 that Mr. L would solve the long-\u00ad\u2010term problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">95<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 3 in 10 that Mr. L would solve the long-\u00ad\u2010term problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">96<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 5 in 10 that Mr. L would solve the long-\u00ad\u2010term problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">97<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 7 in 10 that Mr. L would solve the long-\u00ad\u2010term problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">98<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The chances are 9 in 10 that Mr. L would solve the long-\u00ad\u2010term problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">99<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Place a check here if you think Mr. L should\u00a0not\u00a0choose the long-\u00ad\u2010term, di\ufb03cult problem no maIer what the probabili8es.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">100<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mr. M is contempla8ng marriage to Miss T, a girl whom he has known for a liIle more than a year. Recently, however, a number of arguments have occurred between them, sugges8ng some sharp di\ufb00erences of opinion in the way each views certain maIers. Indeed, they decide to seek professional advice from a marriage counselor as to whether it would be wise for them to marry. On the basis of these mee8ngs with a marriage counselor, they realize that a happy marriage, while possible, would not be assured.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Questionnaire des dilemmes de choix (Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire &#8211; CDQ), con\u00e7u par Wallach et Kogan en 1961, \u00e9value la tol\u00e9rance au risque et la valeur dissuasive de l&rsquo;\u00e9chec \u00e0 travers 12 sc\u00e9narios d\u00e9cisionnels. Cet instrument classique a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de d\u00e9placement vers le risque et de polarisation collective.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[31,154,296],"tags":[28427,28428,28430,28429,3745,128,16],"class_list":["post-18092","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-psychologiques","category-psychologie-sociale","category-psychometrie-cognitive","tag-cdq","tag-choice-dilemmas-questionnaire","tag-decision-en-incertitude","tag-deplacement-vers-le-risque","tag-polarisation-de-groupe","tag-prise-de-risque","tag-psychometrie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/18092","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=18092"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/18092\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=18092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=18092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=18092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}