{"id":17996,"date":"2026-10-16T06:21:26","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T06:21:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/indice-descriptif-du-travail-jdi\/"},"modified":"2026-10-16T06:21:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T06:21:40","slug":"indice-descriptif-du-travail-jdi","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=indice-descriptif-du-travail-jdi","title":{"rendered":"Indice descriptif du travail"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Indice descriptif du travail<\/strong> (connu \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle internationale sous le nom de <em>Job Descriptive Index<\/em> ou <strong>JDI<\/strong>) est l&rsquo;un des instruments psychom\u00e9triques les plus rigoureux, r\u00e9put\u00e9s et largement diffus\u00e9s pour l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satisfaction_au_travail\">satisfaction au travail<\/a> au sein de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_du_travail_et_des_organisations\">psychologie du travail et des organisations<\/a>. Con\u00e7u initialement par Patricia Cain Smith, Lorne M. Kendall et Charles L. Hulin en 1969 \u00e0 l&rsquo;issue d&rsquo;un vaste programme de recherche longitudinale men\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Cornell et \u00e0 la Bowling Green State University, le JDI repose sur une approche descriptive et multidimensionnelle de la satisfaction professionnelle, se diff\u00e9renciant nettement des approches purement affectives globales.<\/p>\n<p>Dans sa version classique de 1969, le questionnaire comporte 72 items r\u00e9partis sur cinq facettes fondamentales de la vie professionnelle : le travail en lui-m\u00eame (<em>Work on Present Job<\/em>, 18 items), la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration actuelle (<em>Present Pay<\/em>, 9 items), les opportunit\u00e9s de promotion (<em>Opportunities for Promotion<\/em>, 9 items), la supervision (<em>Supervision<\/em>, 18 items) et les coll\u00e8gues (<em>Coworkers<\/em>, 18 items). Lors de sa r\u00e9vision de 1985 et de ses mises \u00e0 jour subs\u00e9quentes (1990, 1997, 2009), plusieurs items ont \u00e9t\u00e9 modernis\u00e9s et de nouvelles \u00e9chelles compl\u00e9mentaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduites, notamment l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de satisfaction globale (<em>Job in General Scale<\/em> ou JIG, 18 items) et l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de stress global (<em>Stress in General Scale<\/em> ou SIG, 18 items).<\/p>\n<p>Le format de r\u00e9ponse se distingue par sa simplicit\u00e9 cognitive : chaque item consiste en un adjectif ou une courte expression d\u00e9crivant l&rsquo;environnement de travail, face auquel le participant r\u00e9pond par \u00ab O \u00bb (\u00ab Oui \u00bb, l&rsquo;\u00e9nonc\u00e9 d\u00e9crit bien la situation), \u00ab N \u00bb (\u00ab Non \u00bb, l&rsquo;\u00e9nonc\u00e9 ne la d\u00e9crit pas) ou \u00ab ? \u00bb (s&rsquo;il ne peut pas trancher). La cotation standard attribue 3 points pour une r\u00e9ponse affirmative conforme \u00e0 une \u00e9valuation positive (ou n\u00e9gative pour un item invers\u00e9), 0 point pour une r\u00e9ponse non conforme, et 1 point pour le point d&rsquo;interrogation, p\u00e9nalisant ainsi l&rsquo;ambivalence.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, le JDI d\u00e9montre une consistance interne et une stabilit\u00e9 temporelle remarquables, avec des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation par bissection (<em>split-half<\/em> corrig\u00e9) s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnant originellement de 0,80 \u00e0 0,88 selon les sous-\u00e9chelles, et des coefficients <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> d\u00e9passant syst\u00e9matiquement 0,85 dans les r\u00e9visions contemporaines. Sa validit\u00e9 de construit a \u00e9t\u00e9 rigoureusement valid\u00e9e via des matrices multi-traits multi-m\u00e9thodes (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matrice_multitrait-multim%C3%A9thode\">MTMM<\/a>), confirmant son excellente ind\u00e9pendance factorielle et sa pertinence pr\u00e9dictive pour le roulement de personnel, l&rsquo;absent\u00e9isme et la performance organisationnelle.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Indice descriptif du travail, Job Descriptive Index, JDI, satisfaction au travail, psychom\u00e9trie organisationnelle, \u00e9valuation multidimensionnelle, climat organisationnel, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 split-half, validit\u00e9 de construit, matrice multi-traits multi-m\u00e9thodes, Job in General, psychologie industrielle, engagement au travail, comportement organisationnel, conditions de travail.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;Indice descriptif du travail est l&rsquo;\u0153uvre d&rsquo;une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs pionniers en psychologie industrielle et organisationnelle rattach\u00e9s initialement \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Cornell et \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00c9tat de Bowling Green (<em>Bowling Green State University<\/em>, BGSU) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Patricia Cain Smith<\/strong> (Ph.D., Cornell University) : Professeure \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychologie \u00e0 la Bowling Green State University, Ohio, \u00c9tats-Unis. Figure de proue de la psychom\u00e9trie appliqu\u00e9e au monde du travail, elle a dirig\u00e9 les travaux originaux de conceptualisation et d&rsquo;exp\u00e9rimentation du JDI.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lorne M. Kendall<\/strong> (Ph.D., Cornell University) : Chercheur et m\u00e9thodologiste, co-d\u00e9veloppeur des premi\u00e8res matrices d&rsquo;analyse et d&rsquo;\u00e9talonnage psychom\u00e9trique \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Simon Fraser et \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Cornell.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Charles L. Hulin<\/strong> (Ph.D., Cornell University) : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychologie et de relations de travail \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Illinois \u00e0 Urbana-Champaign. Expert international de l&rsquo;engagement, de la retraite et des mod\u00e9lisations de d\u00e9mission organisationnelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La maintenance scientifique, l&rsquo;actualisation continue des normes et la diffusion des manuels techniques demeurent institutionnellement h\u00e9berg\u00e9es et coordonn\u00e9es par le <em>JDI Research Office<\/em> au sein du D\u00e9partement de psychologie de la Bowling Green State University (Bowling Green, OH 43403, \u00c9tats-Unis ; contact institutionnel : jdi_ra@bgsu.edu).<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<h3>Finalit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument et justification th\u00e9orique<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;Indice descriptif du travail est de mesurer avec exactitude la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satisfaction_au_travail\">satisfaction au travail<\/a> en la d\u00e9composant en ses dimensions descriptives constituantes. Historiquement, les concepteurs de l&rsquo;outil ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 surmonter une faille m\u00e9thodologique majeure des ann\u00e9es 1950 et 1960 : l&rsquo;amalgame entre les jugements purement affectifs (\u00ab Aimez-vous votre emploi ? \u00bb) et les \u00e9valuations cognitives objectives de l&rsquo;environnement de travail. Smith, Kendall et Hulin (1969) ont soutenu qu&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation scientifique devait inciter le travailleur \u00e0 <em>d\u00e9crire<\/em> les facettes concr\u00e8tes de son environnement plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;\u00e0 exprimer un \u00e9tat d&rsquo;humeur passager.<\/p>\n<p>En invitant les r\u00e9pondants \u00e0 qualifier des caract\u00e9ristiques pr\u00e9cises de leur t\u00e2che, de leur hi\u00e9rarchie ou de leur milieu par des qualificatifs factuels (par exemple : \u00ab stimulant \u00bb, \u00ab lent \u00bb, \u00ab injuste \u00bb, \u00ab bien pay\u00e9 \u00bb), le JDI produit un profil diagnostic rigoureux, moins vuln\u00e9rable aux biais de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale ou aux fluctuations \u00e9motionnelles imm\u00e9diates. L&rsquo;instrument permet d&rsquo;identifier non seulement le niveau g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;appr\u00e9ciation d&rsquo;un employ\u00e9, mais surtout les leviers sp\u00e9cifiques d&rsquo;insatisfaction ou d&rsquo;\u00e9panouissement au sein des diverses sph\u00e8res de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience de travail.<\/p>\n<h3>Applications en recherche acad\u00e9mique<\/h3>\n<p>Dans la sph\u00e8re de la recherche fondamentale et appliqu\u00e9e en psychologie organisationnelle, le JDI remplit plusieurs fonctions critiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mod\u00e9lisation structurelle du comportement organisationnel :<\/strong> Il sert de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale pour quantifier les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents et les cons\u00e9quences du bien-\u00eatre au travail, intervenant dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude des corr\u00e9lats de l&rsquo;intention de d\u00e9part (<em>turnover intentions<\/em>), du pr\u00e9sent\u00e9isme, de l&rsquo;\u00e9puisement professionnel (<em>burnout<\/em>) et des comportements de citoyennet\u00e9 organisationnelle (OCB).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Comparaisons intergroupes et longitudinales :<\/strong> Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des d\u00e9cennies de standardisation, le JDI permet aux chercheurs d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer les variations de satisfaction en fonction des cohortes g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelles (Baby Boomers, G\u00e9n\u00e9ration X, G\u00e9n\u00e9ration Y), des genres, des statuts professionnels ou des restructurations d&rsquo;entreprises.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Validation crois\u00e9e d&rsquo;autres construits psychologiques :<\/strong> Le JDI constitue le crit\u00e8re \u00e9talon (<em>gold standard<\/em>) utilis\u00e9 pour tester la validit\u00e9 concurrente de nouvelles \u00e9chelles mesurant le climat psychosocial ou la motivation au travail.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Applications organisationnelles et cliniques<\/h3>\n<p>Sur le plan pratique et appliqu\u00e9, le JDI est massivement utilis\u00e9 par les psychologues du travail, les ergonomes et les directeurs des ressources humaines :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Diagnostic organisationnel et audits psychosociaux :<\/strong> En administrant le JDI \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;une entreprise ou d&rsquo;un d\u00e9partement, les praticiens obtiennent une cartographie pr\u00e9cise des points de friction (par exemple, un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 en autonomie mais tr\u00e8s d\u00e9ficitaire en supervision ou en \u00e9quit\u00e9 salariale).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuation de programmes d&rsquo;intervention :<\/strong> L&rsquo;outil est particuli\u00e8rement adapt\u00e9 aux protocoles pr\u00e9-test\/post-test visant \u00e0 mesurer l&rsquo;impact de r\u00e9organisations manag\u00e9riales, de refontes de grilles salariales ou de programmes d&rsquo;enrichissement des t\u00e2ches.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conseil en gestion de carri\u00e8re et orientation professionnelle :<\/strong> Dans le cadre de bilans de comp\u00e9tences ou d&rsquo;accompagnements cliniques individuels, l&rsquo;analyse du profil JDI permet d&rsquo;objectiver les sources de mal-\u00eatre au travail et de guider les transitions de carri\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit th\u00e9orique au c\u0153ur du JDI postule que la satisfaction au travail n&rsquo;est pas un \u00e9tat psychologique monolithique, mais un ensemble de composantes cognitives et \u00e9valuatives distinctes, reli\u00e9es \u00e0 des aspects circonscrits de la situation professionnelle. Le mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;origine comprend cinq sous-\u00e9chelles fondamentales, compl\u00e9t\u00e9es ult\u00e9rieurement par une \u00e9chelle globale.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Le travail en tant que tel (Work on Present Job &#8211; 18 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience intrins\u00e8que de l&#8217;employ\u00e9 face aux t\u00e2ches qu&rsquo;il ex\u00e9cute quotidiennement. Elle explore le niveau de stimulation intellectuelle, la vari\u00e9t\u00e9, l&rsquo;autonomie, l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat et le sens per\u00e7u des activit\u00e9s professionnelles. Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 refl\u00e8te un sentiment d&rsquo;accomplissement, d&rsquo;engagement cognitif et d&rsquo;utilit\u00e9, tandis qu&rsquo;un score bas indique l&rsquo;ennui, la monotonie, la routine abrutissante ou une fatigue excessive li\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution de t\u00e2ches per\u00e7ues comme vides de sens. Les qualificatifs types incluent des termes comme \u00ab Passionnant \u00bb, \u00ab Routinier \u00bb ou \u00ab Satisfaisant \u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3>2. La r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration actuelle (Present Pay &#8211; 9 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle mesure l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation cognitive que l&#8217;employ\u00e9 fait de son niveau de r\u00e9tribution financi\u00e8re et de sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique. Le construit n&rsquo;\u00e9value pas seulement la valeur absolue du salaire, mais son ad\u00e9quation per\u00e7ue par rapport aux d\u00e9penses courantes, son \u00e9quit\u00e9 relative par rapport aux efforts consentis et sa comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 vis-\u00e0-vis du march\u00e9 externe. Les descripteurs typiques \u00e9valuent si le revenu est \u00ab Suffisant pour les d\u00e9penses courantes \u00bb, \u00ab Moins que ce que je m\u00e9rite \u00bb ou \u00ab Pr\u00e9caire \u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Les opportunit\u00e9s de promotion (Opportunities for Promotion &#8211; 9 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension quantifie la perception qu&rsquo;a le travailleur de ses perspectives d&rsquo;avancement au sein de l&rsquo;organisation. Elle englobe la clart\u00e9 des politiques d&rsquo;\u00e9volution de carri\u00e8re, l&rsquo;\u00e9quit\u00e9 des promotions, la mobilit\u00e9 ascendante r\u00e9guli\u00e8re et l&rsquo;esp\u00e9rance de progression professionnelle future. Un employ\u00e9 se trouvant dans une \u00ab impasse \u00bb professionnelle (<em>dead-end job<\/em>) ou confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des promotions opaques enregistrera des scores tr\u00e8s faibles sur cette \u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n<h3>4. La supervision (Supervision &#8211; 18 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle porte sur la nature et la qualit\u00e9 de la relation manag\u00e9riale directe. Elle \u00e9value la comp\u00e9tence technique et organisationnelle du sup\u00e9rieur hi\u00e9rarchique, son \u00e9quit\u00e9 dans la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation et l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation, sa disposition \u00e0 f\u00e9liciter les bons r\u00e9sultats ainsi que sa capacit\u00e9 de soutien interpersonnel. Elle diff\u00e9rencie la supervision bienveillante et constructive de l&rsquo;encadrement autoritaire, incomp\u00e9tent, distant ou impoli.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Les coll\u00e8gues de travail (Coworkers \/ People on Present Job &#8211; 18 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante explore le climat social horizontal de l&rsquo;environnement de travail. Elle appr\u00e9cie la comp\u00e9tence, la fiabilit\u00e9, l&rsquo;amabilit\u00e9, la stimulation intellectuelle et la solidarit\u00e9 manifest\u00e9es par les pairs. Un environnement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par des coll\u00e8gues coop\u00e9ratifs, intelligents et responsables maximise ce score, tandis qu&rsquo;une ambiance de rivalit\u00e9, d&rsquo;apathie ou d&rsquo;agressivit\u00e9 conduit \u00e0 des scores faibles.<\/p>\n<h3>Dimension compl\u00e9mentaire : La satisfaction globale (Job in General &#8211; JIG &#8211; 18 items)<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Ironson, Smith, Brannick, Gibson et Paul (1989), l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle JIG a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduite pour compl\u00e9ter le JDI. Les auteurs ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 empiriquement que la somme arithm\u00e9tique des cinq facettes ne captait pas parfaitement le jugement holistique que l&rsquo;individu porte sur son emploi \u00e0 long terme. L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle JIG mesure ainsi cette synth\u00e8se globale, transcendant les incidents sp\u00e9cifiques du quotidien \u00e0 travers des descripteurs tels que \u00ab Id\u00e9al \u00bb, \u00ab D\u00e9testable \u00bb ou \u00ab Meilleur que la plupart \u00bb.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<h3>Fondements \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiques et mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation cognitive<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;Indice descriptif du travail s&rsquo;ancre historiquement dans les th\u00e9ories cognitives de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation professionnelle \u00e9labor\u00e9es \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960. Patricia Cain Smith et ses collaborateurs ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 le JDI en r\u00e9action explicite aux mod\u00e8les universalistes et trop \u00e9motifs qui pr\u00e9valaient alors. Le cadre th\u00e9orique du JDI repose sur le postulat fondamental suivant : <em>la satisfaction au travail est le r\u00e9sultat d&rsquo;un processus de comparaison cognitive entre la situation professionnelle r\u00e9elle de l&#8217;employ\u00e9 et un cadre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence int\u00e9rioris\u00e9<\/em> (Smith, Kendall, &amp; Hulin, 1969).<\/p>\n<p>Ce cadre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence interne individuel est fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les exp\u00e9riences professionnelles pass\u00e9es du travailleur ;<\/li>\n<li>Les opportunit\u00e9s per\u00e7ues dans d&rsquo;autres organisations ;<\/li>\n<li>Les normes culturelles et socio\u00e9conomiques de son groupe de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ;<\/li>\n<li>Le niveau de qualification et les comp\u00e9tences personnelles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ainsi, la satisfaction n&rsquo;est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une simple r\u00e9ponse \u00e9motionnelle brute, mais comme une attitude \u00e9valuative complexe, issue d&rsquo;une confrontation continue entre les caract\u00e9ristiques concr\u00e8tes du poste (stimuli environnementaux) et les attentes ou standards normatifs de l&rsquo;individu.<\/p>\n<h3>Positionnement face aux th\u00e9ories majeures de la motivation<\/h3>\n<p>Le JDI entretient des relations conceptuelles riches avec les grands mod\u00e8les de la psychologie organisationnelle :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>La th\u00e9orie bifactorielle de Herzberg (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9orie_des_deux_facteurs\">mod\u00e8le des facteurs de motivation et d&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne<\/a>) :<\/strong> Tandis que Herzberg postulait une dichotomie rigide entre facteurs intrins\u00e8ques (motivation) et extrins\u00e8ques (hygi\u00e8ne), les cr\u00e9ateurs du JDI ont adopt\u00e9 une approche empiriste plus nuanc\u00e9e. Ils ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les dimensions \u00ab extrins\u00e8ques \u00bb comme la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration ou la supervision interagissent \u00e9troitement avec les facteurs intrins\u00e8ques du travail pour former des configurations d&rsquo;attitudes sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La th\u00e9orie de la divergence de Locke (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edwin_A._Locke\">Edwin A. Locke&rsquo;s Range of Affect Theory<\/a>) :<\/strong> Locke postule que la satisfaction est d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par l&rsquo;\u00e9cart entre ce qu&rsquo;un individu d\u00e9sire dans son travail et ce qu&rsquo;il per\u00e7oit en retirer, pond\u00e9r\u00e9 par l&rsquo;importance accord\u00e9e \u00e0 chaque facette. Le JDI s&rsquo;aligne op\u00e9rationnellement sur cette perspective en permettant d&rsquo;isoler ind\u00e9pendamment les facettes pour \u00e9valuer les points de divergence sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La th\u00e9orie des caract\u00e9ristiques de l&#8217;emploi de Hackman et Oldham :<\/strong> Le mod\u00e8le du JDI pr\u00e9figure l&rsquo;importance accord\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;autonomie, \u00e0 la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 et \u00e0 la signification des t\u00e2ches mesur\u00e9es dans la sous-\u00e9chelle \u00ab Travail en tant que tel \u00bb, en montrant que ces facteurs soutiennent la dimension intrins\u00e8que de la satisfaction globale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Depuis sa publication initiale, le JDI est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l&rsquo;un des outils de mesure les mieux valid\u00e9s de la litt\u00e9rature psychologique mondiale. Ses qualit\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es sur des dizaines de milliers de participants \u00e0 travers des centaines d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes empiriques.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante (Approche MTMM)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9tude fondatrice de Smith, Kendall et Hulin (1969) a utilis\u00e9 la matrice multi-traits multi-m\u00e9thodes de Campbell et Fiske (1959) pour \u00e9valuer la validit\u00e9 de construit de l&rsquo;instrument. En croisant les cinq sous-\u00e9chelles du JDI avec d&rsquo;autres m\u00e9thodes de mesure de la satisfaction (entretiens structur\u00e9s approfondis, \u00e9chelles graphiques d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation et \u00e9chelles de visages de Kunin), les auteurs ont rapport\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Une validit\u00e9 convergente robuste :<\/strong> Des corr\u00e9lations mono-trait h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-m\u00e9thodes oscillant entre 0,55 et 0,78 (p &lt; 0,001), indiquant que les sous-\u00e9chelles du JDI mesurent fid\u00e8lement les m\u00eames construits que d&rsquo;autres approches m\u00e9thodologiques ind\u00e9pendantes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Une excellente validit\u00e9 discriminante :<\/strong> Les corr\u00e9lations h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-traits mono-m\u00e9thode et h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-traits h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-m\u00e9thodes \u00e9taient syst\u00e9matiquement et significativement inf\u00e9rieures aux corr\u00e9lations convergentes, d\u00e9montrant que les dimensions (par exemple, la satisfaction envers les coll\u00e8gues versus la satisfaction envers la paie) mesurent des construits psychologiques distincts et non une variance commune due \u00e0 la m\u00e9thode.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 concurrente et validit\u00e9 li\u00e9e aux crit\u00e8res<\/h3>\n<p>Le JDI pr\u00e9sente de fortes corr\u00e9lations avec d&rsquo;autres \u00e9chelles standardis\u00e9es renomm\u00e9es, notamment le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minnesota_Satisfaction_Questionnaire\">Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)<\/a>, avec des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation facette par facette allant de 0,65 \u00e0 0,82. De surcro\u00eet, la validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive du JDI est abondamment attest\u00e9e concernant les comportements critiques en entreprise :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Roulement et d\u00e9part volontaire :<\/strong> De nombreuses m\u00e9ta-analyses confirment une corr\u00e9lation n\u00e9gative robuste entre les scores du JDI (notamment le travail en tant que tel et la promotion) et les d\u00e9parts effectifs de l&rsquo;organisation (r variant de -0,25 \u00e0 -0,38).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Absent\u00e9isme et pr\u00e9sent\u00e9isme :<\/strong> Des corr\u00e9lations significatives n\u00e9gatives sont observ\u00e9es entre les scores de supervision et de travail et l&rsquo;absent\u00e9isme non justifi\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Performance au travail :<\/strong> Les corr\u00e9lations entre le JDI et la performance globale sont positives et mod\u00e9r\u00e9es (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement comprises entre 0,20 et 0,30), en plein accord avec les synth\u00e8ses contemporaines liant satisfaction et efficacit\u00e9 professionnelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La consistance interne et la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle de l&rsquo;Indice descriptif du travail atteignent des niveaux d&rsquo;excellence m\u00e9thodologique rarement \u00e9gal\u00e9s dans les \u00e9chelles auto-rapport\u00e9es de sciences sociales.<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne et split-half<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e8s l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon d&rsquo;\u00e9talonnage initial (comprenant 988 travailleurs issus de 7 organisations diversifi\u00e9es, puis \u00e9largi \u00e0 2 662 participants issus de 21 entreprises), les coefficients de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 par bissection corrig\u00e9s par la formule de Spearman-Brown ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 une homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 remarquable :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Travail en tant que tel (18 items) :<\/strong> r = 0,84<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9mun\u00e9ration actuelle (9 items) :<\/strong> r = 0,80<\/li>\n<li><strong>Opportunit\u00e9s de promotion (9 items) :<\/strong> r = 0,86<\/li>\n<li><strong>Supervision (18 items) :<\/strong> r = 0,87<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coll\u00e8gues de travail (18 items) :<\/strong> r = 0,88<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lors des r\u00e9visions majeures de 1985 et de 2009 men\u00e9es par l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe de Bowling Green State University, les coefficients <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> calcul\u00e9s sur des \u00e9chantillons repr\u00e9sentatifs nationaux ont confirm\u00e9 ces r\u00e9sultats, oscillant entre 0,86 et 0,92 pour l&rsquo;ensemble des sous-\u00e9chelles du JDI, et atteignant 0,91 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle Job in General (JIG).<\/p>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes de stabilit\u00e9 test-retest ont montr\u00e9 que le JDI capture des attitudes professionnelles durables tout en restant sensible aux changements organisationnels majeurs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sur un intervalle court (2 \u00e0 4 semaines), les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation test-retest d\u00e9passent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement r = 0,85.<\/li>\n<li>Sur des intervalles longs (plusieurs mois \u00e0 un an), les coefficients se maintiennent entre 0,55 et 0,70 en l&rsquo;absence de modifications substantielles de poste ou de politiques d&rsquo;entreprise, t\u00e9moignant d&rsquo;une stabilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;attitude substantielle coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 une r\u00e9activit\u00e9 contextuelle ad\u00e9quate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<h3>Analyses Factorielles Exploratoires (AFE)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture factorielle du JDI a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;examens statistiques approfondis d\u00e8s sa conception. Les analyses factorielles exploratoires conduites sur les donn\u00e9es d&rsquo;origine de Smith et al. (1969), utilisant des rotations orthogonales (Varimax) et obliques (Promax), ont invariablement extrait cinq facteurs dominants correspondant exactement aux cinq facettes op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9es. Les valeurs propres (<em>eigenvalues<\/em>) de ces cinq facteurs dominaient nettement le graphique d&rsquo;\u00e9boulis (<em>scree plot<\/em>), d\u00e9montrant une structure claire et distincte sans chevauchement conceptuel majeur.<\/p>\n<p>Les saturations factorielles (<em>factor loadings<\/em>) des items sur leur facteur respectif sont typiquement sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 0,50, avec des saturations crois\u00e9es (<em>cross-loadings<\/em>) rarement sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 0,20 sur les facteurs secondaires. Cette nettet\u00e9 de r\u00e9partition confirme que le JDI ne souffre pas d&rsquo;une contamination par un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral r\u00e9siduel unique non ma\u00eetris\u00e9 (comme un simple biais de disposition n\u00e9gative g\u00e9n\u00e9rale ou n\u00e9vrosisme).<\/p>\n<h3>Analyses Factorielles Confirmatoires (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>Avec l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence des mod\u00e9lisations par \u00e9quations structurelles dans les ann\u00e9es 1980 et 1990, des AFC ont \u00e9t\u00e9 entreprises pour tester formellement la structure du JDI. Les \u00e9tudes confirmatoires (notamment Balzer et al., 1997 ; Kinicki et al., 2002) ont compar\u00e9 plusieurs mod\u00e8les concurrents :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le unidimensionnel \u00e0 un seul facteur (postulant que toute satisfaction est globale) ;<\/li>\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 cinq facteurs orthogonaux ind\u00e9pendants ;<\/li>\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 cinq facteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s de premier ordre ;<\/li>\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique de second ordre avec un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de satisfaction sous-jacent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les r\u00e9sultats statistiques d\u00e9montrent sans \u00e9quivoque la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 \u00e9clatante du <strong>mod\u00e8le \u00e0 cinq facteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s<\/strong> (Comparative Fit Index [CFI] &gt; 0,94 ; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] &lt; 0,05 ; SRMR &lt; 0,04). Ces conclusions ont valid\u00e9 la pertinence de maintenir les scores facette par facette de mani\u00e8re ind\u00e9pendante, justifiant \u00e9galement le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle s\u00e9par\u00e9e JIG pour mesurer l&rsquo;attitude globale sans distordre l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance factorielle des cinq dimensions primaires.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;administration et la cotation de l&rsquo;Indice descriptif du travail ob\u00e9issent \u00e0 un protocole standardis\u00e9 strict garantissant l&rsquo;\u00e9quit\u00e9 et la comparabilit\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type de test :<\/strong> Questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique auto-rapport\u00e9, format papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e moyenne de passation :<\/strong> Environ 5 \u00e0 10 minutes pour le JDI original (72 items) ; environ 10 \u00e0 15 minutes lorsqu&rsquo;il est administr\u00e9 conjointement avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle Job in General (JIG) et l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle Stress in General (SIG).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Travailleurs adultes de tous secteurs \u00e9conomiques (industrie, services, \u00e9ducation, sant\u00e9, administration), quel que soit le niveau de qualification.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>JDI d&rsquo;origine (1969) : 72 items (Travail : 18 ; R\u00e9mun\u00e9ration : 9 ; Promotion : 9 ; Supervision : 18 ; Coll\u00e8gues : 18).<\/li>\n<li>Job in General (JIG) : 18 items distincts.<\/li>\n<li>Versions abr\u00e9g\u00e9es (<em>Abridged JDI \/ AJDI<\/em>) : versions courtes de 25 \u00e0 30 items d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es pour les contextes d&rsquo;enqu\u00eates organisationnelles rapides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00ab <strong>O<\/strong> \u00bb (Oui \/ Yes) : L&rsquo;adjectif ou l&rsquo;expression d\u00e9crit correctement l&rsquo;aspect consid\u00e9r\u00e9 du travail.<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab <strong>N<\/strong> \u00bb (Non \/ No) : L&rsquo;adjectif ou l&rsquo;expression ne d\u00e9crit pas cet aspect.<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab <strong>?<\/strong> \u00bb (Point d&rsquo;interrogation) : Le r\u00e9pondant ne sait pas ou ne peut pas d\u00e9cider.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e8gles de cotation et calcul des scores :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Chaque sous-\u00e9chelle est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e sur une page ou section distincte pour \u00e9viter les contaminations de r\u00e9ponses.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pour les items formul\u00e9s positivement :<\/strong> Une r\u00e9ponse \u00ab Oui \u00bb re\u00e7oit <strong>3 points<\/strong> ; une r\u00e9ponse \u00ab ? \u00bb re\u00e7oit <strong>1 point<\/strong> ; une r\u00e9ponse \u00ab Non \u00bb re\u00e7oit <strong>0 point<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pour les items formul\u00e9s n\u00e9gativement (items invers\u00e9s) :<\/strong> Une r\u00e9ponse \u00ab Non \u00bb re\u00e7oit <strong>3 points<\/strong> ; une r\u00e9ponse \u00ab ? \u00bb re\u00e7oit <strong>1 point<\/strong> ; une r\u00e9ponse \u00ab Oui \u00bb re\u00e7oit <strong>0 point<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pond\u00e9ration des \u00e9chelles courtes :<\/strong> Afin de pouvoir comparer directement les scores des \u00e9chelles \u00e0 9 items (R\u00e9mun\u00e9ration et Promotion) avec ceux des \u00e9chelles \u00e0 18 items (Travail, Supervision, Coll\u00e8gues), les scores bruts totaux des \u00e9chelles \u00e0 9 items sont multipli\u00e9s par 2, amenant ainsi chaque dimension sur une \u00e9chelle standardis\u00e9e commune variant de 0 \u00e0 54 points.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interpr\u00e9tation des scores :<\/strong> Les manuels normatifs de la Bowling Green State University fournissent des seuils bas\u00e9s sur des percentiles nationaux : les scores sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 42 traduisent une satisfaction nettement \u00e9lev\u00e9e, les scores compris entre 22 et 41 refl\u00e8tent une zone m\u00e9diane d&rsquo;ambivalence, et les scores inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 22 signalent une insatisfaction marqu\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<h3>Historique et versions<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;Indice descriptif du travail a \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement publi\u00e9 en <strong>1969<\/strong> dans l&rsquo;ouvrage s\u00e9minal de Patricia Cain Smith, Lorne M. Kendall et Charles L. Hulin, intitul\u00e9 <em>The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement<\/em> (Chicago : Rand McNally). Il a fait l&rsquo;objet de plusieurs vagues majeures de r\u00e9vision normative et lexicale en <strong>1985<\/strong>, <strong>1990<\/strong>, <strong>1997<\/strong> et <strong>2009<\/strong>, sous l&rsquo;\u00e9gide de la Bowling Green State University.<\/p>\n<h3>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle et droits de reproduction<\/h3>\n<p>Le JDI, le JIG et le SIG sont des \u0153uvres prot\u00e9g\u00e9es par le droit d&rsquo;auteur (<em>copyright<\/em>), dont l&rsquo;ensemble des droits exclusifs appartient \u00e0 la <strong>Bowling Green State University<\/strong>. Les questionnaires complets, cl\u00e9s de cotation officielles, manuels d&rsquo;utilisateurs et tableaux de normes repr\u00e9sentatives ne sont pas dans le domaine public.<\/p>\n<h3>Modalit\u00e9s d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s et licences<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Utilisation acad\u00e9mique et recherche non financ\u00e9e :<\/strong> Les \u00e9tudiants, doctorants et chercheurs universitaires peuvent obtenir l&rsquo;autorisation d&rsquo;utiliser le JDI \u00e0 des tarifs hautement pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiels ou moyennant des frais administratifs symboliques, sous r\u00e9serve de soumettre une demande officielle de licence de recherche aupr\u00e8s du bureau du JDI.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Utilisation commerciale et organisationnelle :<\/strong> Les cabinets de conseil, entreprises et praticiens RH doivent acquitter des redevances calcul\u00e9es au nombre de r\u00e9pondants pour acqu\u00e9rir les cahiers de test officiels ou les licences de passation \u00e9lectronique via le <em>JDI Research Office<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coordonn\u00e9es institutionnelles :<\/strong> Pour toute commande de mat\u00e9riel, demande de licence ou consultation du manuel technique officiel :<br \/>\n    <em>JDI Research Office, Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, \u00c9tats-Unis<\/em>.<br \/>\n    Site officiel : <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bgsu.edu\/arts-and-sciences\/psychology\/graduate-program\/industrial-organizational\/jdi.html\">Bowling Green State University &#8211; Job Descriptive Index Office<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Balzer, W. K., Kihm, J. A., Smith, P. C., Irwin, J. L., Bachiochi, P. D., Robie, C., Sinar, E. F., &amp; Parra, L. F. (1997). <em>Users&rsquo; manual for the Job Descriptive Index (JDI; 1997 revision) and the Job in General (JIG) scales<\/em>. Bowling Green State University.<\/p>\n<p>Campbell, D. T., &amp; Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. <em>Psychological Bulletin<\/em>, 56(2), 81\u2013105. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0046016\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0046016<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Curry, C. J. (2007). <em>Predicting the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic job factors on overall job satisfaction for Generation X and Baby Boomers in a regional healthcare organization<\/em> (Publication No. 3290471) [Doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.<\/p>\n<p>Hackman, J. R., &amp; Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. <em>Organizational Behavior and Human Performance<\/em>, 16(2), 250\u2013279. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0030-5073(76)90016-7\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0030-5073(76)90016-7<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ironson, G. H., Smith, P. C., Brannick, M. T., Gibson, W. M., &amp; Paul, K. B. (1989). Construction of a Job in General scale: A comparison of global, composite, and specific measures. <em>Journal of Applied Psychology<\/em>, 74(2), 193\u2013200. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-9010.74.2.193\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-9010.74.2.193<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Jeanmarie, T. M. (2008). <em>The relationship between principals\u2019 perceptions of performance appraisal and level of job satisfaction<\/em> (Publication No. 3315598) [Doctoral dissertation, Wayne State University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.<\/p>\n<p>Kimbrel, M. J. (2005). <em>Teacher induction programs and beginning teacher job satisfaction<\/em> (Publication No. 3176793) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.<\/p>\n<p>Kinicki, A. J., McKee-Ryan, F. M., Schriesheim, C. A., &amp; Carson, K. P. (2002). Assessing the construct validity of the Job Descriptive Index: A review and meta-analysis. <em>Journal of Applied Psychology<\/em>, 87(1), 14\u201332. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-9010.87.1.14\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-9010.87.1.14<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), <em>Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology<\/em> (pp. 1297\u20131349). Rand McNally.<\/p>\n<p>Shead, L. M. (2010). <em>An investigation of the relationship between teachers\u2019 ratings of their principals\u2019 leadership style and teachers\u2019 job satisfaction in public education<\/em> (Publication No. 3433602) [Doctoral dissertation, Our Lady of the Lake University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.<\/p>\n<p>Smith, P. C., Kendall, L. M., &amp; Hulin, C. L. (1969). <em>The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement: A strategy for the study of attitudes<\/em>. Rand McNally.<\/p>\n<p>Stanton, J. M., Sinar, E. F., Balzer, W. K., Julian, A. L., Thoresen, P., Aziz, S., Fisher, G. G., &amp; Smith, P. C. (2001). Development of a compact measure of job satisfaction: The abridged Job Descriptive Index. <em>Educational and Psychological Measurement<\/em>, 61(6), 1104\u20131122. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00131640121971658\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00131640121971658<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Terry, D. H. (2011). <em>Job satisfaction and migration difference between teachers with educational degrees and those with alternative certification<\/em> (Publication No. 3474921) [Doctoral dissertation, Capella University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.<\/p>\n<p>Vang, M. (2008). <em>Effects of student achievement on the job satisfaction of public elementary school principals<\/em> (Publication No. 3312521) [Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Fresno and University of California, Davis]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.<\/p>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire \/ Scale Items<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> Think of the specified aspect of your job. In the blank beside each word or phrase, write: &#039;Y&#039; for Yes (if it describes that aspect of your work), &#039;N&#039; for No (if it does not describe it), or &#039;?&#039; if you cannot decide.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> Tripartite format: Y (Yes, if it describes the job facet), N (No, if it does not describe it), ? (Cannot decide)\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Work on Present Job:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Fascinating<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Routine<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Satisfying<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Boring<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Good<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Creative<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Respected<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Hot<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Pleasant<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Useful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Tiresome<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Healthful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Challenging<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">On your feet<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Frustrating<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Simple<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Endless<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Gives sense of accomplishment<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Present Pay:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Income adequate for normal expenses<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Satisfactory profit sharing<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Barely live on income<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Bad<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Income provides luxuries<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Insecure<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Less than I deserve<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Highly paid<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Underpaid<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Opportunities for Promotion:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Good opportunity for advancement<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Opportunity somewhat limited<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Promotion on ability<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Dead-end job<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Good chance for promotion<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Unfair promotion policy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Infrequent promotions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Regular promotions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Fairly good chance for promotion<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Supervision:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Asks my advice<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Hard to please<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Impolite<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Praises good work<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Tactful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Influential<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Up-to-date<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Doesn&#039;t supervise enough<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Quick-tempered<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Tells me where I stand<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Annoying<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Stubborn<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Knows job well<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Bad<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Intelligent<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Leaves me on my own<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Around when needed<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Lazy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People on Present Job (Coworkers):<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Stimulating<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Boring<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Slow<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Helpful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Stupid<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Responsible<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Fast<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Intelligent<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Easy to make enemies<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Talk too much<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Smart<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Lazy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Unpleasant<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">No privacy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Active<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Narrow interests<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Loyal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Hard to meet<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;Indice descriptif du travail (Job Descriptive Index &#8211; JDI), cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Smith, Kendall et Hulin (1969), est l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle psychom\u00e9trique de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour mesurer la satisfaction au travail \u00e0 travers cinq facettes objectives : travail, paie, promotions, supervision et coll\u00e8gues.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[260,28175,1727],"tags":[445,23620,28176,24615,28177,16,447,1697,798],"class_list":["post-17996","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-psychometriques","category-evaluation-en-ressources-humaines","category-psychologie-du-travail-et-des-organisations","tag-climat-organisationnel","tag-conditions-de-travail","tag-jdi","tag-job-descriptive-index","tag-job-in-general","tag-psychometrie","tag-ressources-humaines","tag-satisfaction-au-travail","tag-validite-factorielle"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/17996","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17996"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/17996\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17997,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/17996\/revisions\/17997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}