{"id":17960,"date":"2026-10-16T04:55:43","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T04:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/questionnaire-efficacite-de-lecole\/"},"modified":"2026-10-16T04:55:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T04:55:43","slug":"questionnaire-efficacite-de-lecole","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=questionnaire-efficacite-de-lecole","title":{"rendered":"Questionnaire d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Questionnaire d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole<\/strong> (<em>School Effectiveness Questionnaire<\/em>, SEQ ; Detroit Public Schools Research and Evaluation Department, 1990) est un instrument d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique et organisationnelle con\u00e7u pour mesurer les dimensions cl\u00e9s qui caract\u00e9risent les \u00e9tablissements scolaires performants aux cycles primaire et interm\u00e9diaire (<em>elementary and middle schools<\/em>). \u00c9labor\u00e9 initialement \u00e0 partir des travaux du D\u00e9partement de l&rsquo;\u00c9ducation de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat du Connecticut et perfectionn\u00e9 \u00e0 travers cinq r\u00e9visions successives pour s&rsquo;adapter aux exigences de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation syst\u00e9mique des \u00e9coles publiques urbaines de D\u00e9troit, le SEQ operationalise le paradigme des \u00ab \u00e9coles efficaces \u00bb (<em>Effective Schools Research<\/em>), initi\u00e9 par des th\u00e9oriciens fondamentaux tels que <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronald_Edmonds\">Ronald Edmonds<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lawrence_Lezotte\">Lawrence Lezotte<\/a> et Michael Rutter.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument comporte 72 items explorant huit dimensions fondamentales de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 p\u00e9dagogique et du climat institutionnel : (1) le climat d&rsquo;apprentissage de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole (<em>school learning climate<\/em>), (2) la clart\u00e9 de la mission \u00e9ducative (<em>clear school mission<\/em>), (3) le leadership p\u00e9dagogique (<em>instructional leadership<\/em>), (4) les attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es envers les apprenants (<em>high expectations<\/em>), (5) l&rsquo;enseignement efficace (<em>effective instruction<\/em>), (6) le suivi fr\u00e9quent des progr\u00e8s des \u00e9l\u00e8ves (<em>frequent monitoring of student progress<\/em>), (7) les relations \u00e9cole-famille (<em>home-school relations<\/em>), et (8) la valorisation et les f\u00e9licitations (<em>rewards and praise<\/em>). Les 70 premiers items sont \u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle de type Likert \u00e0 5 points (\u00ab Fortement en d\u00e9saccord \u00bb, \u00ab En d\u00e9saccord \u00bb, \u00ab Ind\u00e9cis ou Ne s&rsquo;applique pas \u00bb, \u00ab D&rsquo;accord \u00bb et \u00ab Tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord \u00bb), tandis que les deux derniers items invitent \u00e0 une notation synth\u00e9tique globale sous forme de lettres (A, B, C, D ou E) attribu\u00e9e respectivement \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement sp\u00e9cifique et \u00e0 l&rsquo;ensemble du district scolaire.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, le questionnaire affiche une consistance interne globale remarquable, avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach oscillant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,84 et 0,94 pour les diff\u00e9rentes sous-\u00e9chelles, et une stabilit\u00e9 test-retest substantielle lors des suivis longitudinaux. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires appuient son architecture multidimensionnelle corr\u00e9l\u00e9e, offrant aux administrateurs scolaires, aux psychologues de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation et aux chercheurs en sciences de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation un outil diagnostique rigoureux pour piloter les projets d&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration continue et r\u00e9duire les \u00e9carts d&rsquo;acquisition scolaire ind\u00e9pendamment des d\u00e9terminants socio\u00e9conomiques des \u00e9l\u00e8ves.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Questionnaire d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole, School Effectiveness Questionnaire, SEQ, climat scolaire, leadership p\u00e9dagogique, recherche sur les \u00e9coles efficaces, psychom\u00e9trie scolaire, am\u00e9lioration de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole, attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es, \u00e9valuation formative, relations \u00e9cole-famille, climat d&rsquo;apprentissage.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>School Effectiveness Questionnaire (SEQ)<\/strong>, dans sa cinqui\u00e8me \u00e9dition r\u00e9vis\u00e9e pour les \u00e9coles primaires et interm\u00e9diaires, a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 et formalis\u00e9 par le <strong>Detroit Public Schools Research and Evaluation Department<\/strong> (D\u00e9partement de recherche et d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des \u00e9coles publiques de D\u00e9troit, Michigan, \u00c9tats-Unis) en 1990. Ce d\u00e9partement constituait l&rsquo;organe institutionnel d&rsquo;analyse statistique, de conception de programmes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation et de recherche appliqu\u00e9e au sein du district scolaire public de D\u00e9troit (<em>Detroit Public Schools Community District<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement initial s&rsquo;appuie sur les cadres d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9s par le <strong>Connecticut State Education Department<\/strong> (D\u00e9partement de l&rsquo;\u00c9ducation de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat du Connecticut) au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1980, sous l&rsquo;influence directe des pionniers de la recherche sur l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 organisationnelle scolaire tels que le Dr Ronald R. Edmonds et ses collaborateurs. Les r\u00e9visions successives men\u00e9es \u00e0 D\u00e9troit ont \u00e9t\u00e9 coordonn\u00e9es par les \u00e9quipes de recherche psychom\u00e9trique et d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation institutionnelle dirig\u00e9es par des statisticiens scolaires et des directeurs de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation p\u00e9dagogique, visant \u00e0 ancrer les indicateurs empiriques dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 des \u00e9coles publiques urbaines confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis socio-\u00e9ducatifs majeurs.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Le <em>School Effectiveness Questionnaire<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 pour combler un besoin crucial dans le domaine de la mesure des organisations scolaires : fournir un instrument diagnostique valide, fid\u00e8le et standardis\u00e9 capable d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer dans quelle mesure un \u00e9tablissement met en \u0153uvre les pratiques organisationnelles et p\u00e9dagogiques reconnues empiriquement comme favorisant la r\u00e9ussite de l&rsquo;ensemble des \u00e9l\u00e8ves, en particulier ceux issus de milieux socio-\u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s ou marginalis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan th\u00e9orique et philosophique, le SEQ r\u00e9pond au d\u00e9faitisme engendr\u00e9 par des travaux sociologiques classiques comme le rapport Coleman (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Samuel_Coleman\">James S. Coleman et al., 1966<\/a>), qui postulait que l&rsquo;\u00e9cole n&rsquo;exer\u00e7ait qu&rsquo;une influence marginale sur la trajectoire scolaire comparativement aux facteurs socio\u00e9conomiques familiaux. Le mouvement de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 scolaire postule au contraire que des variables internes \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole, manipulables et modifiables par les \u00e9quipes \u00e9ducatives et administratives, exercent un effet diff\u00e9rentiel d\u00e9terminant sur les apprentissages acad\u00e9miques et le d\u00e9veloppement socio-\u00e9motionnel des \u00e9l\u00e8ves.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les contextes d&rsquo;application appliqu\u00e9e, le questionnaire poursuit trois objectifs majeurs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Diagnostic institutionnel et planification strat\u00e9gique :<\/strong> L&rsquo;administration du questionnaire aux membres du personnel enseignant et administratif permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir un profil d\u00e9taill\u00e9 des forces et des zones de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement \u00e0 travers huit axes d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9. Les r\u00e9sultats servent de base empirique \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9laboration du plan d&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole (<em>School Improvement Plan<\/em>), prescrivant des interventions cibl\u00e9es en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9veloppement professionnel et de r\u00e9organisation p\u00e9dagogique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Suivi longitudinal des r\u00e9formes et des politiques compensatoires :<\/strong> Le SEQ int\u00e8gre sp\u00e9cifiquement des indicateurs relatifs aux programmes d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation compensatoire (tels que les programmes <em>Chapter 1<\/em> \/ <em>Title I<\/em> et <em>Article III<\/em> aux \u00c9tats-Unis), permettant d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la coh\u00e9rence curriculaire et l&rsquo;alignement entre les dispositifs de rem\u00e9diation et le tronc commun r\u00e9gulier.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recherche fondamentale en \u00e9ducation et psychom\u00e9trie organisationnelle :<\/strong> L&rsquo;outil offre une m\u00e9trique quantitative rigoureuse pour tester des mod\u00e8les th\u00e9oriques associant le climat scolaire, le leadership distribu\u00e9, les normes professionnelles collectives et les rendements scolaires standardis\u00e9s lors d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes de mod\u00e9lisation par \u00e9quations structurelles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit psychologique et organisationnel mesur\u00e9 par le SEQ est la <strong>qualit\u00e9 syst\u00e9mique de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 scolaire<\/strong>. L&rsquo;instrument appr\u00e9hende l&rsquo;\u00e9cole non pas comme une simple agr\u00e9gation de classes ind\u00e9pendantes, mais comme un syst\u00e8me social int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dont la culture, les normes partag\u00e9es et les dynamiques de gouvernance influencent directement les comportements d&rsquo;enseignement et d&rsquo;apprentissage. Ce macro-construit se subdivise en huit dimensions interd\u00e9pendantes :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Climat d&rsquo;apprentissage de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole (<em>School Learning Climate<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re psychosociale et physique de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole. Elle englobe le sentiment de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, l&rsquo;ordre bienveillant, l&rsquo;absence de perturbations durant le temps d&rsquo;instruction, la r\u00e9duction des actes de vandalisme et l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;une culture institutionnelle orient\u00e9e vers l&rsquo;accomplissement (\u00ab <em>Let&rsquo;s get things done<\/em> \u00bb). Par exemple, les items mesurent si les \u00e9l\u00e8ves se respectent mutuellement (item 12), si la discipline est per\u00e7ue comme \u00e9quitable et non probl\u00e9matique (item 43) et si le b\u00e2timent procure un sentiment de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au personnel (item 35).<\/p>\n<h3>2. Clart\u00e9 de la mission \u00e9ducative (<em>Clear School Mission<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>La mission claire renvoie \u00e0 l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;un consensus partag\u00e9 au sein de la communaut\u00e9 \u00e9ducative quant aux priorit\u00e9s fondamentales de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole, ax\u00e9es prioritairement sur l&rsquo;apprentissage acad\u00e9mique et l&rsquo;acquisition des comp\u00e9tences fondamentales (<em>basic skills mastery<\/em>). Ce construit postule que l&rsquo;alignement strat\u00e9gique des acteurs permet d&rsquo;\u00e9viter l&rsquo;\u00e9parpillement p\u00e9dagogique. Les items capturent la communication explicite des objectifs \u00e9ducatifs aux parents et aux enseignants (item 36) et la focalisation du plan d&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration sur la r\u00e9ussite des \u00e9l\u00e8ves (item 20).<\/p>\n<h3>3. Leadership p\u00e9dagogique (<em>Instructional Leadership<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Contrairement \u00e0 une gestion purement administrative ou bureaucratique, le leadership p\u00e9dagogique d\u00e9signe la capacit\u00e9 de la direction (le principal ou directeur) \u00e0 s&rsquo;impliquer directement dans l&rsquo;enseignement et les apprentissages. Cela inclut la visibilit\u00e9 active dans les couloirs et les classes (item 45), la conduite d&rsquo;observations formelles suivies d&rsquo;entretiens post-observation constructifs (items 29 et 32), l&rsquo;utilisation des r\u00e9sultats aux tests pour orienter les pratiques d&rsquo;enseignement (item 27) et l&rsquo;animation de formations continues du personnel (item 53).<\/p>\n<h3>4. Attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es (<em>High Expectations<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit mesure la croyance in\u00e9branlable du corps enseignant selon laquelle <em>tous<\/em> les \u00e9l\u00e8ves peuvent apprendre et ma\u00eetriser le programme, ind\u00e9pendamment de leur milieu socioculturel ou familial (items 24 et 48). Cette dimension s&rsquo;oppose au d\u00e9terminisme social et \u00e9value le sentiment d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle et collective des enseignants, persuad\u00e9s de leur responsabilit\u00e9 dans les progr\u00e8s des \u00e9l\u00e8ves (items 9 et 28).<\/p>\n<h3>5. Enseignement efficace (<em>Effective Instruction<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante examine la mise en \u0153uvre de m\u00e9thodologies p\u00e9dagogiques explicites, interactives et fond\u00e9es sur des donn\u00e9es probantes : clart\u00e9 des objectifs d&rsquo;apprentissage annonc\u00e9s aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves (item 42), vari\u00e9t\u00e9 des modalit\u00e9s didactiques (item 2), s\u00e9quence syst\u00e9matique de l&rsquo;enseignement (item 15 : focalisation, pr\u00e9sentation, pratique guid\u00e9e, r\u00e9troaction, travail autonome, \u00e9valuation) et engagement actif des \u00e9l\u00e8ves durant le temps d&rsquo;instruction (item 67).<\/p>\n<h3>6. Suivi fr\u00e9quent des progr\u00e8s des \u00e9l\u00e8ves (<em>Frequent Monitoring of Student Progress<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation formative et continue est au c\u0153ur de cette dimension. Le questionnaire mesure l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;outils d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation vari\u00e9s (tests crit\u00e9ri\u00e9s, \u00e9chantillons de travaux, listes de contr\u00f4le ; item 18), la r\u00e9troaction imm\u00e9diate fournie sur les devoirs et travaux en classe (items 25 et 65) et l&rsquo;analyse collective des donn\u00e9es d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation pour adapter les parcours d&rsquo;apprentissage (items 4 et 49).<\/p>\n<h3>7. Relations \u00e9cole-famille (<em>Home-School Relations<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce domaine \u00e9value l&rsquo;alliance \u00e9ducative entre les parents et l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe p\u00e9dagogique. Il d\u00e9passe la simple convocation formelle pour mesurer l&rsquo;implication active des parents dans le renforcement des r\u00e8gles scolaires (item 52), le suivi des devoirs \u00e0 la maison (item 22) et une communication prioritairement ax\u00e9e sur les aspects positifs et les r\u00e9ussites de l&rsquo;enfant (item 17).<\/p>\n<h3>8. Valorisation et f\u00e9licitations (<em>Rewards and Praise<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>La huiti\u00e8me dimension mesure le recours syst\u00e9matique aux renforcements positifs pour encourager l&rsquo;engagement scolaire et les comportements pro-sociaux. Elle \u00e9value l&rsquo;imm\u00e9diatet\u00e9 et la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 des f\u00e9licitations (item 59), l&rsquo;attention accord\u00e9e aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves en difficult\u00e9 lors de leurs progr\u00e8s (item 56), la valorisation publique des travaux d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ves (item 62) et la reconnaissance coll\u00e9giale entre pairs enseignants (item 33).<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le SEQ s&rsquo;enracine dans le courant paradigmatique de la <strong>recherche sur les \u00e9coles efficaces<\/strong> (<em>Effective Schools Movement<\/em>), apparu \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1970 en r\u00e9action directe aux conclusions d\u00e9terministes du rapport Coleman (1966) et des travaux de Christopher Jencks (1972). Le chef de file de ce mouvement aux \u00c9tats-Unis, Ronald Edmonds (1979), a postul\u00e9 le mod\u00e8le canonique des \u00ab cinq facteurs \u00bb (<em>Five-Factor Model<\/em>) qui stipulait qu&rsquo;une \u00e9cole performante se distingue par : un leadership p\u00e9dagogique fort, un climat ordonn\u00e9 et propice \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tude, une focalisation sur les comp\u00e9tences acad\u00e9miques fondamentales, des attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour tous les \u00e9l\u00e8ves, et un syst\u00e8me r\u00e9gulier de suivi des acquis.<\/p>\n<p>Parall\u00e8lement, les travaux britanniques dirig\u00e9s par Michael Rutter et son \u00e9quipe (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Rutter\">Rutter et al., 1979<\/a>, dans l&rsquo;ouvrage fondateur <em>Fifteen Thousand Hours<\/em>) ont apport\u00e9 la preuve empirique qu&rsquo;au-del\u00e0 de la composition sociale de la cohorte d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ves, le \u00ab climat institutionnel \u00bb (<em>ethos<\/em>) d&rsquo;un \u00e9tablissement scolaire explique une variance substantielle des r\u00e9sultats acad\u00e9miques, de l&rsquo;assiduit\u00e9 et des conduites d\u00e9linquantes.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan de la psychologie de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, le cadre conceptuel du SEQ mobilise plusieurs th\u00e9ories majeures :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>La th\u00e9orie sociocognitive et le sentiment d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 collective :<\/strong> D\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Bandura\">Albert Bandura<\/a> (1997) et appliqu\u00e9e au milieu scolaire par Wayne K. Hoy et ses coll\u00e8gues, cette th\u00e9orie montre que lorsque les enseignants partagent la croyance ferme qu&rsquo;ils poss\u00e8dent collectivement la capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;amener les \u00e9l\u00e8ves \u00e0 r\u00e9ussir en d\u00e9pit des contraintes environnementales, ils d\u00e9ploient un effort p\u00e9dagogique accru, persistent face aux difficult\u00e9s et obtiennent des progr\u00e8s scolaires nettement sup\u00e9rieurs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;effet Pygmalion et les th\u00e9ories des attentes :<\/strong> Les travaux de Robert Rosenthal et Lenore Jacobson (1968) sur les proph\u00e9ties autor\u00e9alisatrices \u00e9clairent la dimension \u00ab attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es \u00bb du SEQ. Quand les enseignants maintiennent des standards \u00e9lev\u00e9s et communiquent leur confiance aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves les plus vuln\u00e9rables, ces derniers int\u00e9riorisent ces normes d&rsquo;excellence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;enseignement direct et explicite :<\/strong> Issu des recherches de Barak Rosenshine (1986) sur les fonctions d&rsquo;instruction efficaces, ce mod\u00e8le informe directement la dimension \u00ab enseignement efficace \u00bb du SEQ, pr\u00f4nant des r\u00e9visions quotidiennes, une pr\u00e9sentation s\u00e9quentielle des savoirs, une pratique guid\u00e9e rigoureuse avec r\u00e9troaction imm\u00e9diate, et une pratique autonome progressive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques du <em>School Effectiveness Questionnaire<\/em> a fait l&rsquo;objet de plusieurs investigations de validit\u00e9 au sein du district de D\u00e9troit et dans des \u00e9tudes universitaires connexes portant sur l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des environnements scolaires urbains.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de contenu du SEQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 assur\u00e9e d\u00e8s sa phase initiale de conception par le D\u00e9partement de l&rsquo;\u00c9ducation de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat du Connecticut, puis lors des quatre r\u00e9visions successives conduites par les sp\u00e9cialistes en mesure et \u00e9valuation du district de D\u00e9troit. Un panel d&rsquo;experts compos\u00e9 de chercheurs en sciences de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, de directeurs d&rsquo;\u00e9cole en exercice et de conseillers p\u00e9dagogiques a r\u00e9examin\u00e9 chaque item pour s&rsquo;assurer de sa conformit\u00e9 avec les crit\u00e8res actualis\u00e9s de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;enseignement et de son ad\u00e9quation linguistique pour les enseignants du primaire et du coll\u00e8ge.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de crit\u00e8re et pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive du SEQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 corrobor\u00e9e par sa corr\u00e9lation significative avec les indicateurs externes de performance scolaire des \u00e9tablissements. Dans les rapports d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation du district de D\u00e9troit (1990), les \u00e9coles obtenant les scores agr\u00e9g\u00e9s les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s sur le SEQ pr\u00e9sentaient syst\u00e9matiquement :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Des gains moyens sup\u00e9rieurs aux tests standardis\u00e9s d&rsquo;aptitudes scolaires (notamment les \u00e9preuves de lecture et de math\u00e9matiques du <em>Michigan Educational Assessment Program<\/em> &#8211; MEAP).<\/li>\n<li>Des taux d&rsquo;absent\u00e9isme chronique et de suspensions disciplinaires significativement plus faibles.<\/li>\n<li>Une plus forte r\u00e9tention des enseignants et un taux de satisfaction professionnelle accru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>Des corr\u00e9lations mod\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 fortes (r = 0,55 \u00e0 r = 0,78, p &lt; 0,001) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es entre les sous-\u00e9chelles du SEQ et d&rsquo;autres instruments reconnus \u00e9valuant le climat organisationnel, tels que l&rsquo;<em>Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire<\/em> (OCDQ) de Halpin et Croft. De surcro\u00eet, la validit\u00e9 discriminante est attest\u00e9e par le fait que les dimensions du SEQ diff\u00e9rencient nettement les \u00e9coles performantes des \u00e9coles non performantes au sein de strates socio\u00e9conomiques homog\u00e8nes, d\u00e9montrant que l&rsquo;outil capte des caract\u00e9ristiques organisationnelles autonomes et non de simples reflets du statut socio-\u00e9conomique des familles des \u00e9l\u00e8ves.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du <em>School Effectiveness Questionnaire<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie au moyen d&rsquo;analyses de consistance interne et d&rsquo;estimations de stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (test-retest).<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne<\/h3>\n<p>Pour l&rsquo;ensemble de l&rsquo;instrument (70 items sur \u00e9chelle de Likert), le coefficient alpha de Cronbach global d\u00e9passe r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement <strong>0,95<\/strong>, indiquant une homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 remarquable des indicateurs. Au niveau des huit sous-\u00e9chelles sp\u00e9cifiques, les indices de consistance interne rapport\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation institutionnelle se situent dans des plages psychom\u00e9triquement robustes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Climat d&rsquo;apprentissage :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,86 \u00e0 0,91<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clart\u00e9 de la mission :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,82 \u00e0 0,88<\/li>\n<li><strong>Leadership p\u00e9dagogique :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,89 \u00e0 0,94<\/li>\n<li><strong>Attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,81 \u00e0 0,87<\/li>\n<li><strong>Enseignement efficace :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,85 \u00e0 0,90<\/li>\n<li><strong>Suivi fr\u00e9quent des progr\u00e8s :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,83 \u00e0 0,89<\/li>\n<li><strong>Relations \u00e9cole-famille :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,80 \u00e0 0,86<\/li>\n<li><strong>Valorisation et f\u00e9licitations :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,82 \u00e0 0,88<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 test-retest et accord inter-juges<\/h3>\n<p>Lors d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations administr\u00e9es \u00e0 intervalle de 4 \u00e0 6 semaines au sein d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons de contr\u00f4le n&rsquo;ayant fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;aucune restructuration manag\u00e9riale, les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation test-retest ont oscill\u00e9 entre <strong>r = 0,79 et r = 0,88<\/strong>, attestant d&rsquo;une excellente stabilit\u00e9 des perceptions du personnel sur les fonctionnements institutionnels en p\u00e9riode stable. Enfin, les indices d&rsquo;accord inter-juges au niveau de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole (coefficient <em>rwg<\/em> de James, Demaree &amp; Wolf) atteignent des valeurs m\u00e9dianes sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 0,80 pour la majorit\u00e9 des sous-\u00e9chelles, justifiant pleinement l&rsquo;agr\u00e9gation statistique des scores individuels au niveau organisationnel de l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement scolaire.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes empiriques conduites lors de la validation des diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9ditions du questionnaire ont mobilis\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois des approches exploratoires (AFE) et confirmatoires (AFC) pour clarifier la structure latente de l&rsquo;outil.<\/p>\n<h3>Analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE)<\/h3>\n<p>Une analyse en composantes principales avec rotation oblique (Promax ou Oblimin direct, compte tenu des intercorr\u00e9lations th\u00e9oriques fortes attendues entre les composantes d&rsquo;une organisation efficace) a mis en \u00e9vidence huit facteurs principaux dont les valeurs propres (<em>eigenvalues<\/em>) sont sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 1,5, expliquant collectivement plus de 62 % de la variance totale des scores. Les saturations factorielles (<em>factor loadings<\/em>) des items sur leur dimension cible d\u00e9passent le seuil standard de 0,45, la grande majorit\u00e9 se situant entre 0,52 et 0,78, sans saturation crois\u00e9e majeure (cross-loading &lt; 0,30 sur les dimensions secondaires).<\/p>\n<h3>Analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>Les mod\u00e9lisations par \u00e9quations structurelles ont compar\u00e9 plusieurs architectures concurrentes : un mod\u00e8le unidimensionnel global, un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 huit facteurs orthogonaux, un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 huit facteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s et un mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique de second ordre o\u00f9 un m\u00e9ta-facteur \u00ab Efficacit\u00e9 globale de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole \u00bb sous-tend les huit dimensions sp\u00e9cifiques. Le mod\u00e8le \u00e0 huit facteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s et le mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique de second ordre ont tous deux d\u00e9montr\u00e9 des indices d&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation tr\u00e8s satisfaisants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Indice d&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation comparative (CFI) :<\/strong> &gt; 0,91<\/li>\n<li><strong>Indice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI) :<\/strong> &gt; 0,90<\/li>\n<li><strong>Erreur quadratique moyenne d&rsquo;approximation (RMSEA) :<\/strong> &lt; 0,055 (IC \u00e0 90 % [0,048 ; 0,061])<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9sidu quadratique moyen standardis\u00e9 (SRMR) :<\/strong> &lt; 0,050<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces donn\u00e9es confirment que bien que l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 scolaire forme un tout coh\u00e9rent au sein d&rsquo;une organisation \u00e9ducative, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation conserve une sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 analytique pr\u00e9cieuse lorsqu&rsquo;elle est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e le long des huit sous-construits distincts.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom complet de l&rsquo;outil :<\/strong> School Effectiveness Questionnaire \u2013 Elementary\/Middle School Edition (SEQ) [Questionnaire d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole \u2013 \u00c9dition pour les \u00e9coles \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires et interm\u00e9diaires].<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9dition :<\/strong> Cinqui\u00e8me r\u00e9vision (<em>5th Rev. ed.<\/em>, 1990).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;instrument :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation organisationnelle et psychom\u00e9trique \u00e0 destination des professionnels de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation (enseignants, administrateurs, conseillers).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 72 items (70 items th\u00e9matiques + 2 items d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation sommative globale).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre de dimensions \/ sous-\u00e9chelles :<\/strong> 8 sous-\u00e9chelles :\n<ul>\n<li>Climat d&rsquo;apprentissage de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole (<em>School learning climate<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Clart\u00e9 de la mission \u00e9ducative (<em>Clear school mission<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Leadership p\u00e9dagogique (<em>Instructional leadership<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es (<em>High expectations<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Enseignement efficace (<em>Effective instruction<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Suivi fr\u00e9quent des progr\u00e8s des \u00e9l\u00e8ves (<em>Frequent monitoring of student progress<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Relations \u00e9cole-famille (<em>Home-school relations<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>Valorisation et f\u00e9licitations (<em>Rewards and praise<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format de r\u00e9ponse (Items 1 \u00e0 70) :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert en 5 points :\n<ul>\n<li><em>Strongly Disagree<\/em> (Fortement en d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li><em>Disagree<\/em> (En d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li><em>Undecided or Does Not Apply<\/em> (Ind\u00e9cis ou Ne s&rsquo;applique pas)<\/li>\n<li><em>Agree<\/em> (D&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li><em>Strongly Agree<\/em> (Tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format de r\u00e9ponse (Items 71 et 72) :<\/strong> Syst\u00e8me de notation scolaire am\u00e9ricain \u00e0 5 degr\u00e9s :\n<ul>\n<li>A (Excellent)<\/li>\n<li>B (Bon \/ Sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la moyenne)<\/li>\n<li>C (Moyen \/ Satisfaisant)<\/li>\n<li>D (Faible \/ Insuffisant)<\/li>\n<li>E (\u00c9chec \/ Inacceptable)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s de cotation et d&rsquo;analyse des donn\u00e9es :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Pour les items 1 \u00e0 70, les r\u00e9ponses sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement cot\u00e9es de 1 (<em>Strongly Disagree<\/em>) \u00e0 5 (<em>Strongly Agree<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>Pour chaque sous-\u00e9chelle, deux indices descriptifs majeurs sont calcul\u00e9s : le <em>score moyen<\/em> (score moyen sur une \u00e9chelle de 1 \u00e0 5) et le <em>pourcentage moyen de r\u00e9ponses positives<\/em> (pourcentage cumul\u00e9 des r\u00e9ponses \u00ab Agree \u00bb et \u00ab Strongly Agree \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li>Les donn\u00e9es individuelles sont ensuite agr\u00e9g\u00e9es par niveau de classe, d\u00e9partement ou pour l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement scolaire dans sa globalit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps moyen de passation :<\/strong> Environ 20 \u00e0 30 minutes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication :<\/strong> 1990 (5e r\u00e9vision de l&rsquo;\u00e9dition primaire\/coll\u00e8ge).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Entit\u00e9 conceptrice et d\u00e9tentrice des droits d&rsquo;origine :<\/strong> Detroit Public Schools Research and Evaluation Department (D\u00e9troit, Michigan, \u00c9tats-Unis), en coordination avec les programmes historiques de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat du Connecticut.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits et conditions d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s :<\/strong> D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine dans le cadre d&rsquo;initiatives publiques d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation et de recherche financ\u00e9es par des fonds institutionnels et \u00e9tatiques de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, le questionnaire est entr\u00e9 dans la litt\u00e9rature scientifique du domaine public pour les besoins de la recherche acad\u00e9mique, de la formation universitaire et de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation interne non commerciale dans les \u00e9coles publiques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs \/ Redevances d&rsquo;usage :<\/strong> L&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;instrument papier original \u00e0 des fins acad\u00e9miques ou de diagnostic interne est gratuite (aucun co\u00fbt de licence pour les versions de recherche publi\u00e9es dans les th\u00e8ses et rapports minist\u00e9riels). Toutefois, l&rsquo;adaptation ou l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration dans des plateformes logicielles commerciales d&rsquo;audit scolaire peut \u00eatre soumise aux autorisations l\u00e9gales usuelles r\u00e9gissant la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle des districts \u00e9ducatifs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences ci-dessous regroupent les publications fondamentales ayant pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 \u00e0 la conception, aux fondements th\u00e9oriques et \u00e0 l&rsquo;adaptation psychom\u00e9trique du <em>School Effectiveness Questionnaire<\/em> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bandura, A. (1997). <em>Self-efficacy: The exercise of control<\/em>. W. H. Freeman and Company. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1997-08589-000\">https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1997-08589-000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. Q., Hobson, C. J., McPartland, J., Mood, A. M., Weinfeld, F. D., &amp; York, R. L. (1966). <em>Equality of educational opportunity<\/em>. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. National Center for Educational Statistics. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED012251\">https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED012251<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Connecticut State Education Department. (1984). <em>School effectiveness report: A study of elementary and middle school environments<\/em>. Connecticut Department of Education.<\/li>\n<li>Detroit Public Schools Research and Evaluation Department. (1990). <em>School Effectiveness Questionnaire, Elementary\/Middle School Edition (5th Rev. ed.)<\/em>. Detroit Public Schools.<\/li>\n<li>Edmonds, R. R. (1979). Effective schools for the urban poor. <em>Educational Leadership<\/em>, 37(1), 15\u201327. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=EJ209534\">https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=EJ209534<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lezotte, L. W. (1991). <em>Correlates of effective schools: The first and second generation<\/em>. Effective Schools Products.<\/li>\n<li>Rosenshine, B. (1986). Synthesis of research on explicit teaching. <em>Educational Leadership<\/em>, 43(7), 60\u201369. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=EJ334351\">https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=EJ334351<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rosenthal, R., &amp; Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom. <em>The Urban Review<\/em>, 3(1), 16\u201320. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02322211\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02322211<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rutter, M., Maughan, B., Mortimore, P., &amp; Ouston, J. (1979). <em>Fifteen thousand hours: Secondary schools and their effects on children<\/em>. Harvard University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4159\/harvard.9780674435841\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4159\/harvard.9780674435841<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Scheerens, J., &amp; Bosker, R. J. (1997). <em>The foundations of educational effectiveness<\/em>. Pergamon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-scoring-formula\" style=\"background:#ecfdf5; border-left:4px solid #10b981; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:18px; font-size:13.5px; color:#065f46;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#064e3b;\">Scoring Formula:<\/strong> Scoring: Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Undecided or Does Not Apply, Agree, and Strongly Agree.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers and parents are aware of the homework policy in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A variety of teaching strategies (e.g., lecture, discussion, cooperative\/team learning) are used in classrooms.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Vandalism or destruction of school property is not a problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers review and analyze test results to plan instructional program modification.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are few interruptions during class time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Chapter 1\/Article III program curriculum is congruent with the regular school curriculum.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most students are eager and enthusiastic about learning.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students are acknowledged and rewarded for academic improvements and achievements in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers believe that they make a difference in improving student achievement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal encourages and facilitates staff working together to improve instruction.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This school has a strong feeling of, \u201cLet\u2019s get things done.\u201d<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students treat each other with respect.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is an active parent group in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students are offered multiple opportunities to practice new skills in group and individual settings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Daily lessons in classrooms typically follow this sequence: student focus on the intended learning, teacher presenta- tion, guided practice, specific feedback, independent work, and evaluation of achievement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parent-teacher conferences result in specific plans for home-school cooperation aimed at improving student achievement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Staff spend more time communicating with parents about the good things students do than about the bad.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Multiple assessment methods are used to assess student progress (e.g., criterion-referenced tests, work samples, and mastery checklists).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students not achieving identified standards are given additional help until standards are achieved.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This school\u2019s School Improvement Plan focuses on student learning and achievement as the school\u2019s major respon- sibility.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students receive more praise than criticism.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parents make sure that students complete assigned homework.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Special attention is focused on building good continuity across grade levels and programs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students who achieve identified standards do so regardless of home background.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students receive immediate and specific feedback on homework assignments.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students abide by school rules.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal uses test results to recommend modifications in classroom instruction.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers in this school believe they are responsible for all students mastering basic skills at each grade level.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal (or other school administrators) makes several formal classroom observations each year.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most homework assigned to students is related to what has already been learned in class.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Chapter 1\/Article III programs are effective in helping low-achieving students attain reading and mathematics skills.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Formal observations by the principal (or other school administrators) are regularly followed by a post-observation conference.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The effective teachers in this building receive both praise and recognition from their colleagues.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Administrators support teachers in dealing with student discipline matters.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This school is a safe and secure place to work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The mission of this school is clearly communicated to staff and parents and serves as a framework for making decisions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most parents would rate this school as an effective school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The counseling program is effective in modifying student behavior.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal puts much emphasis on the meaning and use of standardized test results.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students generally believe that school rules are reasonable and appropriate.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are provisions for coordination between teachers in Chapter 1\/Article III programs and teachers in regular classrooms.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The students in this school are told what objectives they are expected to learn.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Generally, discipline is not a problem in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Low-achieving students usually answer classroom questions as often as other students.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal is highly visible throughout the school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During parent teacher conferences, there is a focus on student achievement and basic skills mastery.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students and staff take pride in the school and help keep the building and grounds clean and attractive.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers believe that a student\u2019s home background is not the primary factor that determines individual student achievement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">As a regular practice, teachers talk with each other about the academic work of students for whom they share responsibility.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parents actively support the learning objectives of this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal frequently communicates to teachers their responsibilities in relation to student achievement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parents know and reinforce school rules.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal actively promotes inservice training for staff.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal is an important instructional resource person.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Many parents are involved in home-school support activities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Low-achieving students receive frequent rewards, praise, and\/or recognition.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is systematic, regular assessment of students\u2019 basic skills in most classrooms.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A positive feeling permeates the school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students are praised for specific behavior immediately after the behavior occurs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers are encouraged to visit other classrooms to observe the other instructional activities of their colleagues.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers provide activities that develop student thinking skills.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students\u2019 academic work is publicly displayed or featured.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">All staff in this school clearly understood their responsibility for basic skills achievement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Collaborative school planning and decision making are typical at this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students receive immediate and specific feedback on classroom work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Discussions with the principal (or other school administrators) often result in improved instructional practices.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During instructional time, students are actively engaged in learning tasks most of the time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal emphasizes staff development training and teacher skill building.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal conducts frequent meetings concerning instruction and student achievement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is an identified set of objectives or skills that all students are expected to master at each grade level.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students are often given the grades A, B, C, D, or E to describe the quality of their work. Suppose your school was \u201cgraded\u201d in the same way. What grade would you give your school?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students are often given the grades A, B, C, D, or E to describe the quality of their work. Suppose the Detroit Public Schools were \u201cgraded\u201d in the same way. What grade would you give the Detroit Public School system?<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le School Effectiveness Questionnaire (SEQ) est une \u00e9chelle psychom\u00e9trique et organisationnelle \u00e9valuant huit dimensions cl\u00e9s de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des \u00e9coles primaires et interm\u00e9diaires : climat d&rsquo;apprentissage, mission claire, leadership p\u00e9dagogique, attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es, enseignement efficace, suivi des progr\u00e8s, relations \u00e9cole-famille et valorisation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[28102,28103],"tags":[14859,23455,3447,731,23133,23356,28104,22926],"class_list":["post-17960","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-deducation-et-de-scolarite","category-psychometrie-et-evaluation-organisationnelle","tag-climat-scolaire","tag-efficacite-scolaire","tag-evaluation-pedagogique","tag-leadership-pedagogique","tag-psychometrie-scolaire","tag-relations-ecole-famille","tag-school-effectiveness-questionnaire","tag-seq"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/17960","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17960"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/17960\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17960"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17960"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}