{"id":17950,"date":"2026-10-16T04:27:55","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T04:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/connecticut-school-effectiveness-interview-and-questionnaire\/"},"modified":"2026-10-16T04:27:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T04:27:55","slug":"connecticut-school-effectiveness-interview-and-questionnaire","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=connecticut-school-effectiveness-interview-and-questionnaire","title":{"rendered":"Entretien et questionnaire sur l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 scolaire du Connecticut"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Connecticut School Effectiveness Interview and Questionnaire<\/strong> (connu sous le sigle <em>CSEQ<\/em> ou Questionnaire d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 scolaire du Connecticut) constitue un instrument psychom\u00e9trique et diagnostique de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Robert M. Villanova et ses collaborateurs au sein du D\u00e9partement de l&rsquo;\u00c9ducation de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat du Connecticut en 1984. Con\u00e7u \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e de la psychologie des organisations scolaires et du mouvement de recherche sur les \u00ab \u00e9coles efficaces \u00bb (<em>effective schools movement<\/em>), cet outil \u00e9value de mani\u00e8re exhaustive les dimensions organisationnelles, p\u00e9dagogiques et climatiques qui d\u00e9terminent le succ\u00e8s acad\u00e9mique des \u00e9tablissements scolaires, en particulier dans les contextes accueillant des \u00e9l\u00e8ves issus de milieux socio-\u00e9conomiquement d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Le questionnaire comprend <strong>97 items<\/strong> r\u00e9partis selon <strong>sept caract\u00e9ristiques fondamentales<\/strong> : un environnement s\u00fbr et ordonn\u00e9 (<em>Safe and Orderly Environment<\/em>, items 1 \u00e0 9), une mission scolaire claire (<em>Clear School Mission<\/em>, items 10 \u00e0 25), un leadership p\u00e9dagogique (<em>Instructional Leadership<\/em>, items 26 \u00e0 49), des attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es (<em>High Expectations<\/em>, items 50 \u00e0 63), l&rsquo;opportunit\u00e9 d&rsquo;apprendre et le temps consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la t\u00e2che (<em>Opportunity to Learn and Time-On-Task<\/em>, items 64 \u00e0 73), un suivi fr\u00e9quent des progr\u00e8s des \u00e9l\u00e8ves (<em>Frequent Monitoring of Student Progress<\/em>, items 74 \u00e0 82) et les relations \u00e9cole-famille (<em>Home-School Relations<\/em>, items 83 \u00e0 97). Les r\u00e9pondants expriment leur niveau d&rsquo;accord sur une <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89chelle_de_Likert\">\u00e9chelle de Likert<\/a> en 5 points allant de 1 (\u00ab Fortement en d\u00e9saccord \u00bb) \u00e0 5 (\u00ab Fortement d&rsquo;accord \u00bb).<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, le CSEQ affiche une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 globale tr\u00e8s robuste pour les dimensions majeures. L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la coh\u00e9rence interne aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un \u00e9chantillon de 423 enseignants a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des coefficients <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> s&rsquo;\u00e9levant \u00e0 0,93 pour le leadership p\u00e9dagogique, 0,90 pour la clart\u00e9 de la mission scolaire, 0,89 pour les relations \u00e9cole-famille et 0,87 pour l&rsquo;environnement s\u00fbr et ordonn\u00e9, tandis que les sous-\u00e9chelles relatives au suivi des progr\u00e8s (0,77), \u00e0 l&rsquo;opportunit\u00e9 d&rsquo;apprendre (0,66) et aux attentes (0,55) pr\u00e9sentent des niveaux plus mod\u00e9r\u00e9s. La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest \u00e0 10 jours aupr\u00e8s de 60 enseignants du primaire confirme une stabilit\u00e9 temporelle satisfaisante (coefficients variant de 0,67 \u00e0 0,90). La validit\u00e9 de contenu a \u00e9t\u00e9 rigoureusement \u00e9tablie par un panel d&rsquo;experts avec un seuil de concordance minimal de 80 %, compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par une analyse multi-traits multi-m\u00e9thodes (MTMM) aupr\u00e8s de 247 \u00e9ducateurs attestant de validit\u00e9s convergente et discriminante substantielles.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Efficacit\u00e9 scolaire, psychom\u00e9trie organisationnelle, climat scolaire, leadership p\u00e9dagogique, \u00e9valuation institutionnelle, attentes enseignantes, temps d&rsquo;apprentissage, relations \u00e9cole-famille, analyse multi-traits multi-m\u00e9thodes, am\u00e9lioration de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 et formalis\u00e9 sous la direction de <strong>Robert M. Villanova<\/strong>, accompagn\u00e9 d&rsquo;une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs, d&rsquo;administrateurs et de sp\u00e9cialistes de la mesure \u00e9ducative rattach\u00e9s au <em>Connecticut State Department of Education<\/em> (Bureau of School and Program Development, Hartford, Connecticut, \u00c9tats-Unis), en concertation \u00e9troite avec des th\u00e9oriciens du mouvement de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 scolaire.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Robert M. Villanova, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Chercheur principal, administrateur \u00e9ducatif et consultant en gouvernance scolaire, ult\u00e9rieurement directeur ex\u00e9cutif du <em>Neag School of Education&rsquo;s Center for Executive Leadership<\/em> \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Connecticut (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/uconn.edu\/\">University of Connecticut<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Connecticut State Department of Education<\/strong> : Organisme institutionnel porteur du projet d&rsquo;audit et d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des politiques \u00e9ducatives r\u00e9gionales, Hartford, CT, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Connecticut School Effectiveness Interview and Questionnaire<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u dans un double dessein : scientifique et pragmatique. Sur le plan de la recherche, il offre une op\u00e9rationnalisation rigoureuse des caract\u00e9ristiques structurelles et comportementales d\u00e9finissant les organisations \u00e9ducatives performantes. Sur le plan appliqu\u00e9, l&rsquo;instrument fournit aux \u00e9quipes p\u00e9dagogiques, aux directeurs d&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement et aux d\u00e9cideurs publics une grille d&rsquo;audit interne standardis\u00e9e permettant d&rsquo;identifier avec pr\u00e9cision les leviers d&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;enseignement au sein des \u00e9coles primaires et secondaires.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les d\u00e9cennies 1970 et 1980, le d\u00e9bat \u00e9ducatif \u00e9tait profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9 par les conclusions pessimistes du c\u00e9l\u00e8bre rapport Coleman (1966) et des travaux de Christopher Jencks (1972), selon lesquels les facteurs socio-\u00e9conomiques et le milieu familial d&rsquo;origine expliquaient la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des disparit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ussite acad\u00e9mique, r\u00e9duisant l&rsquo;impact propre de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole \u00e0 une variable n\u00e9gligeable. En r\u00e9action \u00e0 ce d\u00e9terminisme sociologique, les chercheurs du courant de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 scolaire ont postul\u00e9 que certaines institutions r\u00e9ussissaient brillamment l\u00e0 o\u00f9 d&rsquo;autres \u00e9chouaient, en neutralisant les effets d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res de la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 par des pratiques organisationnelles et p\u00e9dagogiques vertueuses. Le CSEQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement pour mesurer ces m\u00e9canismes diff\u00e9rentiels.<\/p>\n<p>En pratique clinique, organisationnelle et de conseil p\u00e9dagogique, le CSEQ est utilis\u00e9 pour dresser un profil diagnostique complet de l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement (<em>Summary Profile<\/em> et <em>Integrated Item Profile<\/em>). Cet \u00e9tat des lieux met en lumi\u00e8re les \u00e9carts de perception entre le corps professoral et l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe de direction, cible les dysfonctionnements du leadership ou de l&rsquo;alignement curriculaire, et fournit une base empirique pour concevoir des plans de d\u00e9veloppement professionnel cibl\u00e9s (<em>School Improvement Plans<\/em>). Il ne s&rsquo;agit pas d&rsquo;un test psychologique individuel \u00e9valuant un trait de personnalit\u00e9 ou une psychopathologie, mais d&rsquo;un instrument de mesure du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Comportement_organisationnel\">climat organisationnel<\/a> et des pratiques collectives.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le CSEQ op\u00e9rationnalise le construit d&rsquo;\u00ab efficacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole \u00bb non pas comme un attribut statique ou un simple score de rendement aux examens, mais comme un ensemble dynamique et multidimensionnel de processus p\u00e9dagogiques, d&rsquo;attitudes professionnelles et de dynamiques relationnelles. Le mod\u00e8le se d\u00e9ploie \u00e0 travers sept sous-\u00e9chelles interd\u00e9pendantes :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Environnement s\u00fbr et ordonn\u00e9 (Safe and Orderly Environment &#8211; Items 1 \u00e0 9)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value le climat de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 physique et psychologique r\u00e9gnant dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement, la nettet\u00e9 et la propret\u00e9 des locaux, ainsi que la coh\u00e9rence globale de la discipline. Loin de d\u00e9signer un ordre autoritaire r\u00e9pressif, ce construit renvoie \u00e0 une atmosph\u00e8re pr\u00e9visible, calme, positive et exempte de menaces, o\u00f9 les \u00e9l\u00e8ves respectent les r\u00e8gles \u00e9tablies et o\u00f9 l&rsquo;ambiance g\u00e9n\u00e9rale en classe s&rsquo;av\u00e8re hautement propice \u00e0 l&rsquo;apprentissage intellectuel.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Clart\u00e9 de la mission scolaire (Clear School Mission &#8211; Items 10 \u00e0 25)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit mesure l&rsquo;existence et l&rsquo;appropriation partag\u00e9e d&rsquo;un projet p\u00e9dagogique formel ax\u00e9 prioritairement sur l&rsquo;enseignement et l&rsquo;acquisition des comp\u00e9tences fondamentales (lecture, arts du langage, math\u00e9matiques). Il sonde l&rsquo;articulation s\u00e9quentielle des objectifs d&rsquo;apprentissage d&rsquo;un niveau scolaire \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre, la disponibilit\u00e9 des ressources didactiques, et l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion des enseignants \u00e0 un corpus curriculaire structur\u00e9 que chaque \u00e9l\u00e8ve est cens\u00e9 ma\u00eetriser.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Leadership p\u00e9dagogique (Instructional Leadership &#8211; Items 26 \u00e0 49)<\/h3>\n<p>Constituant la sous-\u00e9chelle la plus \u00e9toff\u00e9e (24 items), cette dimension capture le r\u00f4le actif du chef d&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement (<em>principal<\/em>) en tant que leader didactique et non simple gestionnaire administratif. Le construit englobe la pr\u00e9sence visible du directeur dans les couloirs, sa disponibilit\u00e9 pour discuter des m\u00e9thodes d&rsquo;enseignement, la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 des observations formelles en classe suivies d&rsquo;entretiens de rem\u00e9diation, la supervision des plans de cours, ainsi que l&rsquo;utilisation m\u00e9thodique des donn\u00e9es d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation standardis\u00e9e pour guider les choix curriculaires.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es (High Expectations &#8211; Items 50 \u00e0 63)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce domaine psychologique mesure les croyances d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle et collective du corps enseignant (concept affili\u00e9 au <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sentiment_d%27efficacit%C3%A9_personnelle\">sentiment d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle<\/a> de Bandura et \u00e0 l&rsquo;effet Pygmalion). Il examine dans quelle mesure les enseignants rejettent le fatalisme sociologique, assument la responsabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;apprentissage de tous les \u00e9l\u00e8ves sans distinction d&rsquo;origine sociale ou ethnique, et privil\u00e9gient des strat\u00e9gies pr\u00e9ventives et des groupements de comp\u00e9tences h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8nes et flexibles plut\u00f4t que la rel\u00e9gation dans des fili\u00e8res de rel\u00e9gation.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Opportunit\u00e9 d&rsquo;apprendre et temps consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la t\u00e2che (Opportunity to Learn and Time-On-Task &#8211; Items 64 \u00e0 73)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit quantifie l&rsquo;optimisation du temps d&rsquo;instruction r\u00e9el. Il analyse la part horaire sanctuaris\u00e9e pour les apprentissages instrumentaux fondamentaux (par exemple, un minimum de deux heures quotidiennes pour le fran\u00e7ais\/la lecture et de 50 minutes pour les math\u00e9matiques), la r\u00e9duction des interruptions de cours dues aux motifs disciplinaires ou aux programmes de retrait (<em>pull-out programs<\/em>), et la limitation des temps morts au profit d&rsquo;un engagement intellectuel actif.<\/p>\n<h3>6. Suivi fr\u00e9quent des progr\u00e8s des \u00e9l\u00e8ves (Frequent Monitoring of Student Progress &#8211; Items 74 \u00e0 82)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante explore l&rsquo;utilisation syst\u00e9matique d&rsquo;instruments d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation diagnostique, formative et crit\u00e9ri\u00e9e pour mesurer la progression des apprentissages. Le construit implique la d\u00e9sagr\u00e9gation des r\u00e9sultats d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation par sous-groupes d\u00e9mographiques afin de pr\u00e9venir les disparit\u00e9s de traitement, la r\u00e9vision conjointe des donn\u00e9es par les enseignants et la direction, et la valorisation plurielle des r\u00e9ussites scolaires et parascolaires des \u00e9l\u00e8ves.<\/p>\n<h3>7. Relations \u00e9cole-famille (Home-School Relations &#8211; Items 83 \u00e0 97)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce domaine \u00e9value le degr\u00e9 de partenariat, de confiance mutuelle et de communication r\u00e9ciproque entre l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe \u00e9ducative et les parents d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ves. Il mesure la participation parentale aux instances d\u00e9cisionnelles et aux activit\u00e9s de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole, l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion familiale aux politiques disciplinaires et aux devoirs \u00e0 domicile, ainsi que la mise en \u0153uvre de canaux de transmission personnalis\u00e9s et constructifs au-del\u00e0 du simple bulletin trimestriel.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le socle th\u00e9orique du CSEQ s&rsquo;enracine directement dans le paradigme des \u00ab \u00e9coles efficaces \u00bb n\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1970 sous l&rsquo;impulsion pionni\u00e8re de chercheurs comme <strong>Ronald Edmonds<\/strong> (1979), ainsi que dans les m\u00e9ta-analyses critiques de <strong>Stewart C. Purkey<\/strong> et <strong>Marshall S. Smith<\/strong> (1983). Ce courant s&rsquo;est constitu\u00e9 en rupture explicite avec les th\u00e9ories de la reproduction sociale et le fatalisme d\u00e9terministe qui dominaient la sociologie de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation.<\/p>\n<p>Le postulat th\u00e9orique central formul\u00e9 par Edmonds (1979) affirme que toutes les caract\u00e9ristiques d&rsquo;une \u00e9cole de qualit\u00e9 sont sous le contr\u00f4le direct des \u00e9ducateurs et des politiques institutionnelles. Edmonds a formalis\u00e9 le mod\u00e8le des cinq facteurs (<em>Five-Factor Model of School Effectiveness<\/em>), ult\u00e9rieurement \u00e9tendu \u00e0 sept param\u00e8tres op\u00e9rationnels majeurs :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Un style de leadership fort et tourn\u00e9 vers l&rsquo;instruction ;<\/li>\n<li>Un climat d&rsquo;attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es o\u00f9 aucun enfant n&rsquo;est jug\u00e9 incapable d&rsquo;apprendre ;<\/li>\n<li>Une atmosph\u00e8re ordonn\u00e9e et paisible, sans exc\u00e8s de rigidit\u00e9 mais propice \u00e0 la concentration ;<\/li>\n<li>Une primaut\u00e9 absolue accord\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;acquisition des savoirs fondamentaux ;<\/li>\n<li>Un syst\u00e8me rigoureux et continu d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des comp\u00e9tences.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Sur le plan de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_du_travail_et_des_organisations\">psychologie des organisations<\/a>, le CSEQ s&rsquo;appuie \u00e9galement sur la th\u00e9orie des syst\u00e8mes ouverts et sur le concept de culture organisationnelle. Purkey et Smith (1983) ont soulign\u00e9 que l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 ne proc\u00e8de pas d&rsquo;une simple juxtaposition m\u00e9canique de variables ind\u00e9pendantes, mais d&rsquo;une dynamique holistique : une communaut\u00e9 professionnelle collaborative o\u00f9 les normes partag\u00e9es guident l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 quotidienne. L&rsquo;accent mis sur les attentes des ma\u00eetres s&rsquo;inspire directement du mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique de Proctor (1984), qui d\u00e9montre que les proph\u00e9ties autor\u00e9alisatrices des enseignants modulent la quantit\u00e9, la qualit\u00e9 et la teneur affective des r\u00e9troactions p\u00e9dagogiques prodigu\u00e9es aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves, influen\u00e7ant de ce fait leurs trajectoires cognitives.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>La validation psychom\u00e9trique du CSEQ a suivi une d\u00e9marche rigoureuse document\u00e9e dans le manuel de Villanova et al. (1984). Diverses facettes de la validit\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9es pour garantir l&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation m\u00e9trologique de l&rsquo;outil.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de contenu a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie par une proc\u00e9dure s\u00e9quentielle combinant entretiens qualitatifs et jugements d&rsquo;experts. Les descripteurs comportementaux extr\u00eames ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9riv\u00e9s d&rsquo;entretiens approfondis men\u00e9s sur le terrain. Un panel d&rsquo;experts ind\u00e9pendants en sciences de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation et en psychom\u00e9trie a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 charg\u00e9 de cat\u00e9goriser les \u00e9nonc\u00e9s au sein des dimensions th\u00e9oriques. Un seuil minimal de <strong>80 % de concordance inter-juges<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 strictement impos\u00e9 pour chaque item avant son int\u00e9gration d\u00e9finitive. Une \u00e9tude pilote aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;enseignants a ensuite permis d&rsquo;\u00e9purer les formulations ambigu\u00ebs ou redondantes.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit : Approche multi-traits multi-m\u00e9thodes (MTMM)<\/h3>\n<p>Pour d\u00e9montrer la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Validit%C3%A9_convergente\">validit\u00e9 convergente<\/a> et la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Validit%C3%A9_discriminante\">validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/a> de l&rsquo;instrument en l&rsquo;absence initiale d&rsquo;analyses factorielles confirmatoires computationnelles, les concepteurs ont recouru \u00e0 la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre matrice multi-traits multi-m\u00e9thodes formalis\u00e9e par Campbell et Fiske (1959). Cette mod\u00e9lisation a \u00e9t\u00e9 administr\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un \u00e9chantillon de <strong>247 \u00e9ducateurs<\/strong>, en croisant les donn\u00e9es recueillies par le questionnaire auto-administr\u00e9 (CSEQ) et celles issues de protocoles d&rsquo;entretiens structur\u00e9s (<em>Connecticut School Effectiveness Interview<\/em>) appliqu\u00e9s aux m\u00eames dimensions th\u00e9oriques.<\/p>\n<p>Les corr\u00e9lations monotrait-h\u00e9t\u00e9rom\u00e9thode se sont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es statistiquement significatives et substantielles, attestant que deux modalit\u00e9s d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation distinctes mesurant le m\u00eame construit d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 convergeaient vers des constats identiques (validit\u00e9 convergente). R\u00e9ciproquement, les coefficients h\u00e9t\u00e9rotrait-monom\u00e9thode et h\u00e9t\u00e9rotrait-h\u00e9t\u00e9rom\u00e9thode sont demeur\u00e9s inf\u00e9rieurs aux coefficients de validit\u00e9 convergente, confirmant que chaque dimension organisationnelle conserve une sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 conceptuelle propre sans \u00eatre absorb\u00e9e dans un halo \u00e9valuatif indiff\u00e9renci\u00e9 (validit\u00e9 discriminante).<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du questionnaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 quantifi\u00e9e \u00e0 travers l&rsquo;estimation de la coh\u00e9rence interne et la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle par test-retest, document\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9taill\u00e9e dans les rapports techniques de validation.<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne (Alpha de Cronbach)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 interne a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un \u00e9chantillon normatif principal comprenant <strong>423 enseignants<\/strong>. Les coefficients alpha de Cronbach obtenus pour chaque sous-\u00e9chelle s&rsquo;\u00e9tablissent comme suit :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Leadership p\u00e9dagogique<\/strong> (<em>Instructional Leadership<\/em>, 24 items) : <strong>\u03b1 = 0,93<\/strong> (excellente consistance interne)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mission scolaire claire<\/strong> (<em>Clear School Mission<\/em>, 16 items) : <strong>\u03b1 = 0,90<\/strong> (excellente consistance interne)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Relations \u00e9cole-famille<\/strong> (<em>Home-School Relations<\/em>, 15 items) : <strong>\u03b1 = 0,89<\/strong> (tr\u00e8s bonne consistance interne)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Environnement s\u00fbr et ordonn\u00e9<\/strong> (<em>Safe and Orderly Environment<\/em>, 9 items) : <strong>\u03b1 = 0,87<\/strong> (bonne consistance interne)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Suivi fr\u00e9quent des progr\u00e8s<\/strong> (<em>Frequent Monitoring<\/em>, 9 items) : <strong>\u03b1 = 0,77<\/strong> (consistance interne acceptable)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Opportunit\u00e9 d&rsquo;apprendre et temps sur la t\u00e2che<\/strong> (<em>Opportunity to Learn<\/em>, 10 items) : <strong>\u03b1 = 0,66<\/strong> (consistance interne mod\u00e9r\u00e9e)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es<\/strong> (<em>High Expectations<\/em>, 14 items) : <strong>\u03b1 = 0,55<\/strong> (consistance interne faible \u00e0 mod\u00e9r\u00e9e)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La valeur plus modeste observ\u00e9e sur l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle des attentes (0,55) s&rsquo;explique par la nature h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne des items qui la composent, m\u00ealant \u00e0 la fois des croyances d&rsquo;\u00e9ducabilit\u00e9, des pratiques de groupement h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne et des taux pr\u00e9visionnels de diplomation, qui ne covarient pas de fa\u00e7on strictement lin\u00e9aire dans tous les contextes d&rsquo;enseignement.<\/p>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest a \u00e9t\u00e9 investigu\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un sous-groupe de <strong>60 enseignants de l&rsquo;enseignement \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire<\/strong> sur un intervalle temporel de <strong>10 jours<\/strong>. Les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation temporelle confirment une reproductibilit\u00e9 satisfaisante des scores :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Clart\u00e9 de la mission scolaire : <strong>r = 0,90<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Environnement s\u00fbr et ordonn\u00e9 : <strong>r = 0,85<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Leadership p\u00e9dagogique : <strong>r = 0,83<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Relations \u00e9cole-famille : <strong>r = 0,82<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Opportunit\u00e9 d&rsquo;apprendre et temps sur la t\u00e2che : <strong>r = 0,74<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es : <strong>r = 0,69<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Suivi des progr\u00e8s des \u00e9l\u00e8ves : <strong>r = 0,67<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Lors de la parution du manuel original de Villanova et al. en 1984, les r\u00e9sultats complets de mod\u00e9lisations en <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analyse_factorielle\">analyse factorielle exploratoire<\/a> (AFE) ou confirmatoire (AFC) n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas disponibles, les concepteurs s&rsquo;\u00e9tant prioritairement appuy\u00e9s sur la m\u00e9thode MTMM de Campbell et Fiske et sur l&rsquo;analyse de tri d&rsquo;items th\u00e9matiques par des panels d&rsquo;experts. Cette situation refl\u00e9tait les contraintes computationnelles courantes de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque pour des batteries comprenant pr\u00e8s d&rsquo;une centaine d&rsquo;items.<\/p>\n<p>Les investigations analytiques post\u00e9rieures conduites sur les d\u00e9riv\u00e9s de l&rsquo;instrumentation de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 scolaire ont examin\u00e9 la structure de covariance des items du CSEQ. Ces travaux mettent en \u00e9vidence un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de second ordre, souvent qualifi\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00ab <em>ethos<\/em> scolaire \u00bb ou d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 globale, venant chapeauter les dimensions primaires. Les saturations factorielles les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es se concentrent syst\u00e9matiquement sur les items du leadership p\u00e9dagogique (notamment les comportements de supervision directe et d&rsquo;utilisation diagnostique des tests, items 37 \u00e0 40, saturant fr\u00e9quemment au-del\u00e0 de 0,70) et sur la clart\u00e9 curriculaire (items 13 \u00e0 24, saturant entre 0,65 et 0,80). En revanche, les items relatifs aux modalit\u00e9s de groupement par niveau (items 60 \u00e0 63) pr\u00e9sentent fr\u00e9quemment des saturations crois\u00e9es ou plus faibles, t\u00e9moignant de divergences \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiques et p\u00e9dagogiques au sein des \u00e9quipes enseignantes quant aux vertus compar\u00e9es de l&rsquo;h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 et de l&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des classes.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom complet de l&rsquo;outil :<\/strong> Connecticut School Effectiveness Interview and Questionnaire (CSEQ).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Questionnaire papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9, auto-administr\u00e9 individuellement par les enseignants et les personnels \u00e9ducatifs ; adaptable sous forme d&rsquo;entretien semi-directif standardis\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 97 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s d\u00e9claratifs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e moyenne de passation :<\/strong> Environ 35 \u00e0 50 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert \u00e0 5 degr\u00e9s :\n<ul>\n<li>1 = Fortement en d\u00e9saccord (<em>Strongly Disagree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>2 = En d\u00e9saccord (<em>Disagree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>3 = Ind\u00e9cis(e) (<em>Undecided<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>4 = D&rsquo;accord (<em>Agree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>5 = Fortement d&rsquo;accord (<em>Strongly Agree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et calcul des scores :<\/strong> Chaque item est cot\u00e9 de 1 \u00e0 5. Le calcul des scores s&rsquo;effectue en \u00e9tablissant la moyenne arithm\u00e9tique ou la somme des items pour chacune des sept sous-\u00e9chelles :\n<ul>\n<li><em>Environnement s\u00fbr et ordonn\u00e9 :<\/em> items 1 \u00e0 9 (score sur 45 ou moyenne sur 5)<\/li>\n<li><em>Mission scolaire claire :<\/em> items 10 \u00e0 25 (score sur 80 ou moyenne sur 5)<\/li>\n<li><em>Leadership p\u00e9dagogique :<\/em> items 26 \u00e0 49 (score sur 120 ou moyenne sur 5)<\/li>\n<li><em>Attentes \u00e9lev\u00e9es :<\/em> items 50 \u00e0 63 (score sur 70 ou moyenne sur 5)<\/li>\n<li><em>Opportunit\u00e9 d&rsquo;apprendre \/ Temps sur la t\u00e2che :<\/em> items 64 \u00e0 73 (score sur 50 ou moyenne sur 5)<\/li>\n<li><em>Suivi fr\u00e9quent des progr\u00e8s :<\/em> items 74 \u00e0 82 (score sur 45 ou moyenne sur 5)<\/li>\n<li><em>Relations \u00e9cole-famille :<\/em> items 83 \u00e0 97 (score sur 75 ou moyenne sur 5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Restitution des r\u00e9sultats :<\/strong> Production d&rsquo;un profil synth\u00e9tique d&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement (<em>Summary Profile<\/em>) et d&rsquo;un profil par item int\u00e9gr\u00e9 (<em>Integrated Item Profile<\/em>), permettant de comparer les scores moyens de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole aux normes \u00e9tatiques et de situer les dimensions prioritaires de rem\u00e9diation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication princeps :<\/strong> 1984.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Propri\u00e9taire des droits et statut l\u00e9gal :<\/strong> D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 sous les auspices du <em>Connecticut State Department of Education<\/em> (D\u00e9partement de l&rsquo;\u00c9ducation de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat du Connecticut). En tant que rapport et instrument produit par une entit\u00e9 publique gouvernementale am\u00e9ricaine dans le cadre de financements \u00e9tatiques, le document rel\u00e8ve historiquement du domaine public \u00e9ducatif (<em>public domain<\/em> pour l&rsquo;usage gouvernemental et de recherche).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation et permissions :<\/strong> L&rsquo;outil est librement accessible \u00e0 des fins de recherche acad\u00e9mique, d&rsquo;enseignement universitaire et d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation interne non commerciale dans les \u00e9tablissements scolaires. Les chercheurs souhaitant reproduire l&rsquo;instrument dans des publications sous copyright ou d\u00e9velopper des versions commerciales d\u00e9riv\u00e9es sont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 citer la publication originale du D\u00e9partement de l&rsquo;\u00c9ducation du Connecticut.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Aucun droit de licence (0 $) n&rsquo;est exig\u00e9 pour l&rsquo;utilisation textuelle originale dans le cadre de projets de recherche institutionnels ou universitaires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les publications de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence fondant l&rsquo;\u00e9laboration th\u00e9orique, le d\u00e9veloppement m\u00e9thodologique et la validation du CSEQ sont les suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Campbell, D. T., &amp; Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. <em>Psychological Bulletin<\/em>, 56(2), 81\u2013105. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0046016\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0046016<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Coleman, J. S., Campbell, E. Q., Hobson, C. J., McPartland, J., Mood, A. M., Weinfeld, F. D., &amp; York, R. L. (1966). <em>Equality of Educational Opportunity<\/em>. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. National Center for Education Statistics.<\/li>\n<li>Edmonds, R. (1979). A discussion of the literature and issues related to effective schooling. <em>Center for Urban Studies, Harvard Graduate School of Education<\/em>. Cambridge, MA.<\/li>\n<li>Edmonds, R. (1979). Effective schools for the urban poor. <em>Educational Leadership<\/em>, 37(1), 15\u201324.<\/li>\n<li>Jencks, C., Smith, M., Acland, H., Bane, M. J., Cohen, D., Gintis, H., Heyns, B., &amp; Michelson, S. (1972). <em>Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America<\/em>. Basic Books.<\/li>\n<li>Proctor, C. P. (1984). Teacher expectations: A model for school improvement. <em>Elementary School Journal<\/em>, 84(4), 469\u2013481. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/461373\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/461373<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Purkey, S. C., &amp; Smith, M. S. (1983). Effective schools: A review. <em>Elementary School Journal<\/em>, 83(4), 427\u2013452. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/461325\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/461325<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Villanova, R. M., Gauthier, W. J., Proctor, C. P., &amp; Shoemaker, J. (1984). <em>Handbook for the Use of the Connecticut School Effectiveness Interview and Questionnaire<\/em>. Hartford, CT: Connecticut State Department of Education.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-scoring-formula\" style=\"background:#ecfdf5; border-left:4px solid #10b981; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:18px; font-size:13.5px; color:#065f46;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#064e3b;\">Scoring Formula:<\/strong> Scoring: Strongly Disagree = 1; Disagree = 2; Undecided = 3; Agree = 4; and Strongly Agree = 5.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This school is a safe and secure place to work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The school building is neat, bright, clean, and comfortable.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A positive feeling permeates the school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most students in this school are eager and enthusiastic about learning.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Student behavior is generally positive in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers, administrators, and parents work cooperatively to support the discipline policy in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The discipline policy is consistently enforced by all staff in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students in this school abide by school rules.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Class atmosphere in this school is generally very conducive to learning for all students.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This school has a written statement of purpose that is the driving force behind most important decisions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In this school, the primary emphasis is on teaching and learning.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">All materials and supplies necessary for instruction are available.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In reading, written, sequential objectives exist in all grades.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Reading objectives are coordinated and monitored in all grades.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In reading, there is an identified set of objectives that all students must master in all grades.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In reading, curriculum objectives are the focus of instruction in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In language arts, written, sequential objectives exist in all grades.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Language arts objectives are coordinated and monitored in all grades.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In language arts, there is an identified set of objectives that all students must master in all grades.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In language arts, curriculum objectives are the focus of instruction in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In mathematics, written, sequential objectives exist in all grades.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mathematics objectives are coordinated and monitored in all grades.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In mathematics, there is an identified set of objectives that all students must master in all grades.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In mathematics, curriculum objectives are the focus of instruction in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Almost all the students in this school try hard to get good grades.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is clear, strong, centralized instructional leadership from the principal in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most problems facing this school can be solved by the principal and faculty without a great deal of outside help.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal is very active in securing resources, arranging opportunities, and promoting staff development activi- ties for the faculty.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal is highly visible throughout the school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal is accessible to discuss matters dealing with instruction.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal is an important instructional resource person in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers in this school turn to the principal with instructional concerns or problems.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal makes informal contacts with students and teachers around the school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Discussions with the principal often result in some aspect of improved instructional practice.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal leads frequent formal discussions concerning instruction and student achievement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal regularly brings instructional issues to the faculty for discussion.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal reviews and interprets test results with the faculty.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal emphasizes the meaning and the use of test results.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal frequently communicates to teachers their responsibility in relation to student achievement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal uses test results to recommend modifications or changes in the instructional program.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">At the principal\u2019s initiative, teachers work together to coordinate the instructional program within and between grades.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal requires and regularly reviews lesson plans.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal regularly gives feedback to teachers concerning lesson plans.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Supervision is directed at instruction.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The principal makes formal classroom observations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Individual teachers and the principal meet regularly to discuss what the principal will observe during a classroom observation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Formal observations by the principal are regularly followed by a postobservation conference.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During follow-up to formal observations, a plan for improvement frequently results.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During follow-up to formal observations, the principal\u2019s main emphasis is on instructional issues.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Ninety-five to 100 percent of the students in this school can be expected to complete high school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">All teachers in this school hold consistently high expectations for all students.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers believe that a student\u2019s home background is not the primary factor that determines individual student achievement in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In this school low-achieving students are as well behaved as other students.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers in this school believe they are responsible for all students mastering basic skills at each grade level.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers believe that all students in this school can master basic skills as a direct result of the instructional program.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">This school has successful preventive strategies for helping students at risk of school failure.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In this school, remedial programs are a last resort.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The number of low-income children promoted is proportionately equivalent to all other children promoted.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In this school, there are clear guidelines for grouping students for instruction.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In reading, instruction is often presented to a heterogeneous ability group of students.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In mathematics, instruction is often presented to a heterogeneous ability group of students.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In language arts, instruction is often presented to a heterogeneous ability group of students.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Within the classroom, students are assigned to groups for extra help on a temporary basis only.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The school\u2019s daily schedule supports the goals of the instructional program.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Two hours or more are allocated for reading\/language arts each day throughout this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Fifty minutes or more are allocated for mathematics each day throughout this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Pull-out programs (e.g., chapter 1, special ed., instrumental music, etc.) do not disrupt or interfere with basic skills instruction.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Special instructional programs for individual students are integrated with classroom instruction and the school curriculum.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers implement the homework policy in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Factors outside the classroom rarely interfere with instruction in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are few interruptions due to discipline problems during class time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During classroom instruction students do not work independently on seatwork for the majority of the allocated time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">73<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students are absent from school only for good reasons.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">74<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Multiple indicators are used regularly to assess student progress (e.g., grades, tests, discipline referrals, extracurricular).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">75<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The testing program is an accurate and valid measure of the curriculum in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">76<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Criterion-referenced tests are used to assess instruction throughout the school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">77<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Achievement test scores are analyzed separately for subgroups of students (e.g., gender, race, ethnicity, social class) to assure that all students are achieving.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">78<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Teachers and the principal thoroughly review and analyze test results to plan instructional program modifications.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">79<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Many students receive honor and recognition for academic performance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">80<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students have many opportunities to demonstrate leadership skill.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">81<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Students have many opportunities to demonstrate talents in art, music, drama, dance, and athletics.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">82<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In this school, all teachers apply consistent criteria to assigning course grades.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">83<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is an active parent\/school group in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">84<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Many parents are involved in school activities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">85<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Many parents initiate contacts with the school each month.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">86<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most parents understand and promote the school\u2019s instructional program.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">87<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parents support the school in matters of student discipline.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">88<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parents support the homework policy in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">89<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is cooperation with regard to homework between parents and teachers in this school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">90<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Almost all students complete assigned homework before coming to school.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">91<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Ninety to 100 percent of your students\u2019 parents attend scheduled parent-teacher conferences.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">92<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During parent-teacher conferences there is a focus on factors directly related to student achievement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">93<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parent-teacher conferences result in specific plans for home-school cooperation aimed at improving student class- room achievement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">94<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Beyond parent conferences and report cards, teachers in this school use other ways of communicating student prog- ress to parents (e.g., home visits, phone calls, newsletters, regular notes).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">95<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parents of students in your class have regular opportunities to observe the instructional program.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">96<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parents of students in your class have a significant, rather than a superficial, role in the educational program.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">97<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most parents would rate this school as excellent.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Connecticut School Effectiveness Interview and Questionnaire (CSEQ) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation diagnostique mesurant sept dimensions de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 scolaire \u00e0 travers 97 items.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[2845,1727,2],"tags":[28079,14859,28077,23455,17535,731,28078],"class_list":["post-17950","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-education","category-psychologie-du-travail-et-des-organisations","category-psychometrie","tag-attentes-scolaires","tag-climat-scolaire","tag-cseq","tag-efficacite-scolaire","tag-evaluation-organisationnelle","tag-leadership-pedagogique","tag-recherche-en-education"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/17950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17950"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/17950\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}