{"id":17832,"date":"2026-10-15T23:47:03","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T23:47:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/inventaire-obstacles-reussite-professionnelle-besi\/"},"modified":"2026-10-15T23:47:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T23:47:15","slug":"inventaire-obstacles-reussite-professionnelle-besi","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=inventaire-obstacles-reussite-professionnelle-besi","title":{"rendered":"Inventaire des obstacles \u00e0 la r\u00e9ussite professionnelle (BESI)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Inventaire des obstacles \u00e0 la r\u00e9ussite professionnelle<\/strong> (en anglais, <em>Barrier to Employment Success Inventory<\/em> ou <strong>BESI<\/strong>), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans sa deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9dition en 2002, est un instrument d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique et d&rsquo;orientation vocationnelle con\u00e7u pour identifier les entraves per\u00e7ues par les individus en situation de recherche d&#8217;emploi ou en difficult\u00e9 de maintien en poste. Initialement inspir\u00e9 des travaux pr\u00e9curseurs de Miller et Oetting (1977) sur les barri\u00e8res rencontr\u00e9es par les populations d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es, cet outil s&rsquo;adresse principalement aux adultes et adolescents pr\u00e9sentant au minimum un niveau de lecture \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 la classe de quatri\u00e8me (huiti\u00e8me ann\u00e9e du syst\u00e8me nord-am\u00e9ricain), et cible tout particuli\u00e8rement les personnes peu qualifi\u00e9es ou confront\u00e9es au ch\u00f4mage structurel.<\/p>\n<p>Le BESI se compose de <strong>50 items<\/strong> r\u00e9partis \u00e9quitablement sur cinq \u00e9chelles dimensionnelles de dix items chacune : (1) <em>Personnel et financier<\/em> (Personal and Financial), (2) <em>\u00c9motionnel et physique<\/em> (Emotional and Physical), (3) <em>Prise de d\u00e9cision et planification de carri\u00e8re<\/em> (Career Decision-Making and Planning), (4) <em>Connaissance de la recherche d&#8217;emploi<\/em> (Job-Seeking Knowledge), et (5) <em>Formation et \u00e9ducation<\/em> (Training and Education). Les r\u00e9pondants \u00e9valuent chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9 sur une \u00e9chelle de type <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89chelle_de_Likert\">Likert<\/a> \u00e0 4 points, allant de \u00ab aucune pr\u00e9occupation \u00bb (<em>of no concern<\/em>) \u00e0 \u00ab pr\u00e9occupation majeure \u00bb (<em>of great concern<\/em>). L&rsquo;outil a \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement con\u00e7u pour l&rsquo;auto-passation, l&rsquo;auto-cotation et l&rsquo;auto-interpr\u00e9tation en 10 \u00e0 15 minutes, s&rsquo;appuyant sur un syst\u00e8me de codage couleur facilitant le calcul des scores par dimension.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, le BESI pr\u00e9sente une coh\u00e9rence interne satisfaisante au sein de son \u00e9chantillon d&rsquo;\u00e9talonnage restreint (compos\u00e9 de 85 \u00e0 150 adultes inscrits dans des programmes d&rsquo;insertion financ\u00e9s par l&rsquo;\u00c9tat am\u00e9ricain), avec des indices de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9s. N\u00e9anmoins, la litt\u00e9rature critique (notamment issue du <em>Mental Measurements Yearbook<\/em>) souligne de substantielles lacunes m\u00e9thodologiques : absence de donn\u00e9es normatives diversifi\u00e9es, absence d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes de validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive empirique et donn\u00e9es factorielles non publi\u00e9es. Ainsi, si le BESI constitue un support d&rsquo;entretien diagnostique particuli\u00e8rement dynamique et accessible pour les conseillers d&rsquo;orientation, son utilisation autonome par les usagers requiert une grande prudence.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Obstacles \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi, BESI, insertion professionnelle, psychom\u00e9trie vocationnelle, ch\u00f4mage, auto-efficacit\u00e9, prise de d\u00e9cision de carri\u00e8re, transition professionnelle, \u00e9valuation des comp\u00e9tences, orientation des adultes.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;inventaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et publi\u00e9 sous la direction de praticiens et chercheurs en orientation professionnelle rattach\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9diteur <strong>JIST Publishing<\/strong> (JIST Works), une maison d&rsquo;\u00e9dition sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les outils d&rsquo;aide \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi, la r\u00e9insertion professionnelle et le d\u00e9veloppement de carri\u00e8re aux \u00c9tats-Unis. La gen\u00e8se th\u00e9orique de la structure de l&rsquo;inventaire repose formellement sur les travaux acad\u00e9miques de <strong>C. Dean Miller<\/strong> et <strong>Gene R. Oetting<\/strong> (Colorado State University), auteurs de la typologie fondatrice des barri\u00e8res professionnelles chez les populations marginalis\u00e9es (Miller &#038; Oetting, 1977).<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;<strong>Inventaire des obstacles \u00e0 la r\u00e9ussite professionnelle (BESI)<\/strong> est d&rsquo;identifier, de cat\u00e9goriser et de hi\u00e9rarchiser les obstacles subjectifs et objectifs qui freinent l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un emploi stable ou compromettent le maintien dans l&#8217;emploi. Le ch\u00f4mage de longue dur\u00e9e et l&rsquo;inactivit\u00e9 forc\u00e9e ne r\u00e9sultent pas uniquement d&rsquo;une inad\u00e9quation entre l&rsquo;offre et la demande macro\u00e9conomique ; ils s&rsquo;articulent autour d&rsquo;une constellation de contraintes logistiques, psychologiques, formatives et motivationnelles qui interagissent de mani\u00e8re complexe. Le BESI a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 pour rendre ces freins explicites et mesurables afin de transformer une situation de d\u00e9couragement n\u00e9buleuse en cibles d&rsquo;action concr\u00e8tes et op\u00e9rationnelles.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la pratique clinique de l&rsquo;orientation et de la psychologie du travail, le BESI sert d&rsquo;outil d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation initiale (<em>intake assessment<\/em>) et de m\u00e9diateur dialogique. L&rsquo;inventaire permet au conseiller d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir rapidement un profil individualis\u00e9 des vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire, contournant ainsi les biais d&rsquo;omission fr\u00e9quents lors des premiers entretiens o\u00f9 les usagers peuvent \u00e9prouver de la honte \u00e0 verbaliser des difficult\u00e9s financi\u00e8res s\u00e9v\u00e8res, des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 mentale ou des lacunes cognitives de base. L&rsquo;outil ouvre un espace d&rsquo;\u00e9laboration collaborative : en visualisant ses scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s sur certaines dimensions, le chercheur d&#8217;emploi peut prioriser les d\u00e9marches d&rsquo;accompagnement social, d&rsquo;alphab\u00e9tisation, de bilan de comp\u00e9tences ou de th\u00e9rapie de soutien.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le versant de la recherche appliqu\u00e9e et de l&rsquo;ing\u00e9nierie des politiques publiques d&rsquo;insertion, le BESI est employ\u00e9 pour \u00e9valuer l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des dispositifs de retour \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi (tels que les programmes d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement aux comp\u00e9tences professionnelles ou les chantiers d&rsquo;insertion). En administrant l&rsquo;instrument en pr\u00e9-test et post-test, les chercheurs et gestionnaires de programmes peuvent d\u00e9terminer si les interventions r\u00e9duisent significativement le niveau d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 li\u00e9 aux d\u00e9marches de recrutement ou si elles am\u00e9liorent la prise de d\u00e9cision vocationnelle.<\/p>\n<p>La justification th\u00e9orique sous-jacente s&rsquo;enracine dans la perspective de l&rsquo;\u00e9mancipation (<em>empowerment<\/em>) et de l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auto-efficacit%C3%A9\">auto-efficacit\u00e9<\/a> : le simple fait d&rsquo;objectiver ses barri\u00e8res permet \u00e0 l&rsquo;usager de r\u00e9duire le sentiment d&rsquo;impuissance acquise (<em>learned helplessness<\/em>) face au march\u00e9 du travail, en distinguant les facteurs modulables (ex. techniques de r\u00e9daction de CV, organisation du transport) des contraintes structurelles n\u00e9cessitant un appui institutionnel cibl\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le BESI op\u00e9rationnalise le concept d&rsquo;\u00ab obstacle \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi \u00bb non pas comme une fatalit\u00e9 monolithique, mais comme un construit multidimensionnel articul\u00e9 autour de <strong>cinq dimensions<\/strong> interd\u00e9pendantes. Chaque dimension sonde une facette distincte de l&rsquo;\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de vie de l&rsquo;individu :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Personnel et financier (Personal and Financial)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9value les contraintes mat\u00e9rielles, domestiques et logistiques imm\u00e9diates qui emp\u00eachent l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration dans une routine professionnelle formelle. Les facteurs explor\u00e9s incluent l&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 du logement, les dettes \u00e9crasantes, le manque de ressources financi\u00e8res pour subvenir aux besoins \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires en attendant un premier salaire, l&rsquo;absence de moyen de transport fiable (permis de conduire, acc\u00e8s aux r\u00e9seaux en commun), ainsi que les responsabilit\u00e9s familiales lourdes comme la garde d&rsquo;enfants d\u00e9pendants ou la prise en charge de proches malades. Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 sur cette dimension refl\u00e8te une situation de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 mat\u00e9rielle aigu\u00eb qui doit imp\u00e9rativement \u00eatre r\u00e9solue sur le plan social avant que l&rsquo;insertion en entreprise ne puisse \u00eatre p\u00e9renne.<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u00c9motionnel et physique (Emotional and Physical)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle \u00e9motionnelle et physique appr\u00e9hende les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s somatiques et intrapersonnelles. Elle mesure l&rsquo;impact des sentiments d&rsquo;ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, du manque d&rsquo;estime de soi, de la d\u00e9tresse psychologique li\u00e9e au ch\u00f4mage prolong\u00e9, ainsi que les sympt\u00f4mes d\u00e9pressifs et la col\u00e8re accumul\u00e9e face aux refus successifs. Sur le plan physique, elle \u00e9value les limitations fonctionnelles, les douleurs chroniques, les probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 non trait\u00e9s ou les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents d&rsquo;addiction. Les personnes obtenant des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s dans cette cat\u00e9gorie manifestent une grande difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 maintenir une attitude positive et une \u00e9nergie vitale suffisante pour supporter les exigences de l&#8217;embauche et la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un poste.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Prise de d\u00e9cision et planification de carri\u00e8re (Career Decision-Making and Planning)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit renvoie aux capacit\u00e9s cognitives et strat\u00e9giques d&rsquo;orientation. Il explore l&rsquo;ind\u00e9cision vocationnelle, l&rsquo;absence de vision professionnelle \u00e0 moyen et long terme, la m\u00e9connaissance des tendances du march\u00e9 de l&#8217;emploi et l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 fixer des objectifs r\u00e9alistes. Les items de cette sous-\u00e9chelle ciblent les individus qui ne savent pas quel type d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 leur convient, qui ignorent comment aligner leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats personnels avec les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques ou qui changent continuellement de projet par manque de clarification identitaire.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Connaissance de la recherche d&#8217;emploi (Job-Seeking Knowledge)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure les comp\u00e9tences instrumentales indispensables pour naviguer efficacement sur le march\u00e9 du travail contemporain. Elle couvre l&rsquo;ignorance des canaux de recrutement formels et informels (march\u00e9 cach\u00e9), les lacunes dans la r\u00e9daction de curriculums vit\u00e6 ou de lettres de motivation, l&rsquo;absence de r\u00e9seau relationnel mobilisable, et l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 ou le manque d&rsquo;habilet\u00e9s communicatives lors des entretiens d&#8217;embauche. Un d\u00e9ficit sur cette \u00e9chelle indique que l&rsquo;individu, bien que potentiellement qualifi\u00e9, \u00e9choue \u00e0 valoriser son profil aupr\u00e8s des recruteurs.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Formation et \u00e9ducation (Training and Education)<\/h3>\n<p>La cinqui\u00e8me \u00e9chelle \u00e9value le capital scolaire et technique objectif de la personne. Elle quantifie le frein li\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;absence de dipl\u00f4me de fin d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes secondaires (ou \u00e9quivalent), le manque de certifications techniques sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es requises par les employeurs, ainsi que des comp\u00e9tences de base insuffisantes en litt\u00e9ratie, num\u00e9ratie ou technologies informatiques. Les r\u00e9pondants ayant un score pr\u00e9dominant sur ce facteur se heurtent directement aux barri\u00e8res de filtrage acad\u00e9mique mises en place par les services des ressources humaines.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;ancrage th\u00e9orique du BESI repose principalement sur le croisement de la th\u00e9orie socio-cognitive de la carri\u00e8re (<em>Social Cognitive Career Theory<\/em>, SCCT) d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Bandura\">Albert Bandura<\/a>, Robert W. Lent, Steven D. Brown et Gail Hackett (1994), et du mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des barri\u00e8res \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi de Miller et Oetting (1977).<\/p>\n<p>Dans la th\u00e9orie socio-cognitive, les choix et l&rsquo;adaptation de carri\u00e8re ne d\u00e9pendent pas uniquement des aptitudes objectives d&rsquo;un individu, mais sont largement m\u00e9diatis\u00e9s par ses <strong>croyances d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9<\/strong> (le sentiment d&rsquo;\u00eatre capable d&rsquo;accomplir les comportements requis) et ses <strong>attentes de r\u00e9sultats<\/strong>. Lent et ses collaborateurs ont accord\u00e9 une place centrale aux \u00ab barri\u00e8res per\u00e7ues \u00bb : les individus peuvent poss\u00e9der les comp\u00e9tences techniques n\u00e9cessaires pour un m\u00e9tier, mais s&rsquo;ils anticipent des obstacles insurmontables (discrimination, co\u00fbts prohibitifs, rejet social, \u00e9chec garanti), ils renoncent \u00e0 s&rsquo;engager dans l&rsquo;action. Le BESI s&rsquo;inscrit directement dans cette logique en \u00e9valuant non seulement la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;une contrainte, mais le degr\u00e9 de \u00ab pr\u00e9occupation \u00bb subjective (<em>level of concern<\/em>) qu&rsquo;elle suscite chez le candidat.<\/p>\n<p>Par ailleurs, l&rsquo;influence des travaux de C. Dean Miller et Gene R. Oetting (1977) apporte un cadre pragmatique fond\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;\u00e9cologie sociale des populations dites marginalis\u00e9es ou d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es. Miller et Oetting avaient identifi\u00e9 37 barri\u00e8res r\u00e9parties en quatre grands regroupements syst\u00e9miques, mettant en lumi\u00e8re le fait que chez les adultes sans qualification, les freins psychosociaux (d\u00e9pression, image de soi d\u00e9grad\u00e9e) sont indissociables des freins structurels (dette, absence de v\u00e9hicule). Le BESI modernise cette approche en int\u00e9grant des dimensions de planification vocationnelle inspir\u00e9es des mod\u00e8les de d\u00e9veloppement de carri\u00e8re tout au long de la vie de Donald Super, soulignant que l&rsquo;insertion n&rsquo;est pas un \u00e9v\u00e9nement ponctuel mais un processus continu d&rsquo;adaptation.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;examen des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de validit\u00e9 du BESI r\u00e9v\u00e8le un contraste marqu\u00e9 entre une solide validit\u00e9 de contenu\/apparente et une documentation lacunaire concernant la validit\u00e9 crit\u00e9ri\u00e9e et la validit\u00e9 de construit empirique.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et validit\u00e9 d&rsquo;apparence<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de contenu a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie par une d\u00e9marche m\u00e9thodologique en plusieurs \u00e9tapes. \u00c0 partir des 37 facteurs originaux de Miller et Oetting et d&rsquo;une revue syst\u00e9matique de la litt\u00e9rature sur les programmes d&#8217;employabilit\u00e9, un r\u00e9servoir initial de 100 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9. Ces items ont \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis \u00e0 un panel d&rsquo;experts compos\u00e9 de conseillers d&rsquo;orientation et de praticiens de l&rsquo;insertion professionnelle travaillant aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;adultes au ch\u00f4mage. Ces professionnels ont \u00e9valu\u00e9 la clart\u00e9, la pertinence clinique et l&rsquo;assignation factorielle de chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9, ce qui a permis d&rsquo;\u00e9liminer les items ambigus ou non distinctifs pour r\u00e9duire le pool \u00e0 75 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s. Par la suite, ce groupe a \u00e9t\u00e9 condens\u00e9 \u00e0 la version finale de 50 items. L&rsquo;outil b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie ainsi d&rsquo;une excellente validit\u00e9 d&rsquo;apparence (<em>face validity<\/em>) : les usagers per\u00e7oivent imm\u00e9diatement les items comme refl\u00e9tant fid\u00e8lement leurs difficult\u00e9s quotidiennes.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit, convergente et discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de construit souffre d&rsquo;un manque d&rsquo;analyses statistiques approfondies publi\u00e9es dans le manuel technique. Bien que la r\u00e9partition en cinq \u00e9chelles s&rsquo;appuie sur une coh\u00e9rence conceptuelle rigoureuse, les matrices de corr\u00e9lations inter-\u00e9chelles ne sont que partiellement document\u00e9es. Les donn\u00e9es disponibles issues d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons de programmes de formation publics (ex. le programme <em>Starting Points<\/em>) sugg\u00e8rent des corr\u00e9lations mod\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00e9lev\u00e9es entre l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle <em>\u00c9motionnel et physique<\/em> et l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle <em>Personnel et financier<\/em>, traduisant le chevauchement clinique fr\u00e9quent entre d\u00e9tresse psychologique et pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique. N\u00e9anmoins, des \u00e9tudes rigoureuses de validit\u00e9 divergente vis-\u00e0-vis d&rsquo;\u00e9chelles d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale ou de d\u00e9pression clinique font d\u00e9faut.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>Le point le plus critique relev\u00e9 par les recensions psychom\u00e9triques ind\u00e9pendantes (notamment dans le <em>Sixteenth Mental Measurements Yearbook<\/em>) concerne l&rsquo;absence quasi-totale de preuves de <strong>validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive<\/strong>. Aucune \u00e9tude longitudinale n&rsquo;a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re contr\u00f4l\u00e9e qu&rsquo;un score globalement bas au BESI, ou qu&rsquo;une diminution des scores suite \u00e0 un accompagnement, pr\u00e9disait significativement le taux de retour \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi ou la dur\u00e9e de r\u00e9tention en poste \u00e0 6 ou 12 mois. L&rsquo;inventaire mesure donc l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue des obstacles \u00e0 un instant T, mais ne peut servir d&rsquo;indice pronostique formel.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;inventaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e au moyen d&rsquo;indices de coh\u00e9rence interne et d&rsquo;estimations de stabilit\u00e9 temporelle au sein d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons restreints de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires de programmes f\u00e9d\u00e9raux d&rsquo;aide \u00e0 l&#8217;emploi.<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne<\/h3>\n<p>D&rsquo;apr\u00e8s les donn\u00e9es rapport\u00e9es dans le manuel de l&rsquo;administrateur, les coefficients de coh\u00e9rence interne (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a>) pour les cinq sous-\u00e9chelles se situent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dans une fourchette jug\u00e9e acceptable \u00e0 tr\u00e8s satisfaisante pour un outil de d\u00e9pistage :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Personnel et financier :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}82 - 0{,}86\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}82 &#8211; 0{,}86$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9motionnel et physique :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}84 - 0{,}88\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}84 &#8211; 0{,}88$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Prise de d\u00e9cision et planification :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}80 - 0{,}85\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}80 &#8211; 0{,}85$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Connaissance de la recherche d&#8217;emploi :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}83 - 0{,}87\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}83 &#8211; 0{,}87$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Formation et \u00e9ducation :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}78 - 0{,}83\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}78 &#8211; 0{,}83$<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le coefficient alpha pour l&rsquo;ensemble des 50 items d\u00e9passe r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement 0,90, ce qui d\u00e9montre une forte homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 globale des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s mesurant le sentiment d&rsquo;entrave professionnelle.<\/p>\n<h3>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest et limites d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage<\/h3>\n<p>La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (test-retest sur un intervalle court de 1 \u00e0 2 semaines) montre des corr\u00e9lations variant entre <strong>r = 0,75<\/strong> et <strong>r = 0,85<\/strong> pour les diff\u00e9rentes dimensions. Cependant, la communaut\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique attire l&rsquo;attention sur la repr\u00e9sentativit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9e de l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon d&rsquo;\u00e9talonnage. Les donn\u00e9es de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 reposent presque exclusivement sur un groupe homog\u00e8ne de <strong>85 \u00e0 150 adultes<\/strong> inscrits dans des programmes d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement subventionn\u00e9s par l&rsquo;\u00c9tat (comme le dispositif <em>Starting Points<\/em>). En l&rsquo;absence de r\u00e9plications sur des cohortes diversifi\u00e9es (\u00e9tudiants en r\u00e9orientation, cadres en reconversion, personnes en situation de handicap), ces indices doivent \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s comme indicatifs et non universels.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>La construction du BESI rel\u00e8ve historiquement d&rsquo;une approche rationnelle et bas\u00e9e sur le contenu (<em>national-empirical and content-based approach<\/em>) plut\u00f4t que d&rsquo;une d\u00e9rivation purement inductive par analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE).<\/p>\n<h3>Structure dimensionnelle a priori<\/h3>\n<p>Les concepteurs ont structur\u00e9 le questionnaire a priori autour des cinq domaines th\u00e9matiques d\u00e9crits dans la litt\u00e9rature de r\u00e9insertion. Les 50 items retenus ont \u00e9t\u00e9 calibr\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que chaque dimension contienne exactement 10 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s. Bien que cette sym\u00e9trie soit pratique pour la cotation manuelle, elle n&rsquo;est que rarement le reflet parfait de structures factorielles naturelles issues d&rsquo;analyses non contraintes.<\/p>\n<h3>R\u00e9sultats factoriels et critiques m\u00e9thodologiques<\/h3>\n<p>Les investigations factorielles pr\u00e9liminaires conduites lors du d\u00e9veloppement sugg\u00e8rent que les items saturent majoritairement sur leurs facteurs respectifs avec des coefficients de saturation (<em>factor loadings<\/em>) g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 0,40. Cependant, le manuel de l&rsquo;utilisateur n&rsquo;expose pas de matrice factorielle compl\u00e8te issue d&rsquo;une <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analyse_factorielle\">analyse factorielle confirmatoire<\/a> (AFC) rigoureuse rapportant les indices d&rsquo;ajustement standardis\u00e9s usuels (tels que le RMSEA, le CFI ou le TLI). De plus, des saturations crois\u00e9es substantielles existent in\u00e9vitablement entre la dimension <em>\u00c9motionnel et physique<\/em> et les dimensions d\u00e9cisionnelles, ce qui indique la pr\u00e9sence sous-jacente d&rsquo;un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;ordre sup\u00e9rieur li\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 globale face \u00e0 l&rsquo;avenir ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9tresse socio-\u00e9conomique globale.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;explication d\u00e9taill\u00e9e quant au passage statistique pr\u00e9cis de 75 items \u00e0 la s\u00e9lection finale de 50 items constitue l&rsquo;une des faiblesses techniques majeures relev\u00e9es dans les \u00e9valuations du BESI, laissant penser que des consid\u00e9rations \u00e9ditoriales et ergonomiques ont pr\u00e9valu sur des crit\u00e8res psychom\u00e9triques stricts d&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance factorielle.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>Le BESI est structur\u00e9 sous forme d&rsquo;un livret d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation auto-administr\u00e9, \u00e9galement d\u00e9clin\u00e9 dans certains environnements informatis\u00e9s. Ses caract\u00e9ristiques ergonomiques et m\u00e9triques sont les suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation standardis\u00e9 (inventaire de personnalit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;obstacles vocationnels).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon (livret consommable) ou passation num\u00e9rique en ligne ; passation individuelle ou en petits groupes guid\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 50 items r\u00e9partis \u00e9galement en 5 sous-\u00e9chelles de 10 items.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle ordinale de type Likert \u00e0 4 points :\n<ul>\n<li>1 = <em>Of no concern<\/em> (Aucune pr\u00e9occupation)<\/li>\n<li>2 = <em>Of little concern<\/em> (Faible pr\u00e9occupation)<\/li>\n<li>3 = <em>Of some concern<\/em> (Pr\u00e9occupation mod\u00e9r\u00e9e)<\/li>\n<li>4 = <em>Of great concern<\/em> (Pr\u00e9occupation majeure)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e de passation :<\/strong> Environ 10 \u00e0 15 minutes pour la r\u00e9ponse aux items, et 10 \u00e0 15 minutes suppl\u00e9mentaires pour la cotation et le trac\u00e9 du profil par le r\u00e9pondant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s de cotation :<\/strong> Syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;auto-cotation par <em>code couleur<\/em>. Les r\u00e9ponses num\u00e9riques associ\u00e9es aux items d&rsquo;une m\u00eame couleur (correspondant \u00e0 une dimension sp\u00e9cifique) sont additionn\u00e9es directement par le sujet sur une grille int\u00e9gr\u00e9e au livret.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interpr\u00e9tation des scores :<\/strong> Chaque sous-\u00e9chelle g\u00e9n\u00e8re un score brut compris entre 10 et 40 points. Plus le score est \u00e9lev\u00e9, plus le domaine repr\u00e9sente une barri\u00e8re critique per\u00e7ue pour l&rsquo;insertion. Un profil graphique permet \u00e0 l&rsquo;usager de rep\u00e9rer instantan\u00e9ment ses deux ou trois freins prioritaires et de se reporter aux fiches d&rsquo;action correspondantes incluses dans le livret.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication :<\/strong> 2002 (Seconde \u00e9dition) ; la premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition a \u00e9t\u00e9 diffus\u00e9e \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1990.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9diteur commercial original :<\/strong> JIST Publishing \/ JIST Works (d\u00e9sormais distribu\u00e9 au sein des catalogues de solutions d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation professionnelle comme Paradigm Education Solutions ou EMC Publishing).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Droits d&rsquo;auteur et statut l\u00e9gal :<\/strong> Le BESI est un instrument propri\u00e9taire prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par le droit international d&rsquo;auteur (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Droit_d%27auteur\">copyright<\/a>). Toute reproduction, num\u00e9risation ou diffusion publique non autoris\u00e9e du livret d&rsquo;items complet est formellement interdite.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarification indicative :<\/strong> Vendu par paquets de livrets d&rsquo;inventaire (habituellement par packs de 25 exemplaires) \u00e0 un tarif variant approximativement entre 40 $ et 65 $ US le lot, incluant les guides d&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation pour les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires. Le manuel de l&rsquo;administrateur est commercialis\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9ment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acc\u00e8s pour la recherche universitaire :<\/strong> Les chercheurs souhaitant exploiter le BESI dans le cadre de th\u00e8ses ou d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes empiriques doivent obtenir une autorisation \u00e9crite formelle de l&rsquo;\u00e9diteur ou acqu\u00e9rir le nombre de livrets correspondant \u00e0 la taille de leur \u00e9chantillon d&rsquo;\u00e9tude.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Pour approfondir la d\u00e9marche m\u00e9thodologique et le contexte th\u00e9orique du BESI, les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences acad\u00e9miques majeures sont les suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bandura, A. (1997). <em>Self-efficacy: The exercise of control<\/em>. W. H. Freeman and Company.<\/li>\n<li>Geisinger, K. F., Spies, R. A., Carlson, J. F., &#038; Plake, B. S. (Eds.). (2007). <em>The Sixteenth Mental Measurements Yearbook<\/em>. Buros Center for Testing. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/marketplace.unl.edu\/buros\/\">https:\/\/marketplace.unl.edu\/buros\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Carlson, J. F., Geisinger, K. F., &#038; Jonson, J. L. (Eds.). (2014). <em>The Nineteenth Mental Measurements Yearbook<\/em>. Buros Center for Testing. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/buros.org\/mental-measurements-yearbook\">https:\/\/buros.org\/mental-measurements-yearbook<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., &#038; Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. <em>Journal of Vocational Behavior<\/em>, 45(1), 79\u2013122. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jvbe.1994.1027\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jvbe.1994.1027<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Luzzo, D. A., &#038; McWhirter, E. H. (2001). Sex and ethnic differences in the perception of educational and career-related barriers and levels of coping efficacy. <em>Journal of Counseling &#038; Development<\/em>, 79(1), 61\u201367. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1556-6676.2001.tb01944.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1556-6676.2001.tb01944.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Miller, C. D., &#038; Oetting, G. R. (1977). Barriers to employment and the disadvantaged. <em>Personnel and Guidance Journal<\/em>, 56(2), 89\u201393. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.2164-4918.1977.tb04462.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.2164-4918.1977.tb04462.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. <em>Journal of Vocational Behavior<\/em>, 16(3), 282\u2013298. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0001-8791(80)90056-1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0001-8791(80)90056-1<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Swanson, J. L., Daniels, K. K., &#038; Heck, K. Z. (1996). The Career Barriers Inventory-Revised: Development and preliminary psychometric properties. <em>Journal of Career Assessment<\/em>, 4(2), 219\u2013244. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/106907279600400207\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/106907279600400207<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire \/ Scale Items<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> Read each statement carefully. For each item, indicate how much of a concern or barrier it is to your finding and keeping a job by circling the appropriate number: 1 = Of no concern, 2 = Of little concern, 3 = Of some concern, or 4 = Of great concern.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> 4-point rating scale: 1 = Of no concern, 2 = Of little concern, 3 = Of some concern, 4 = Of great concern\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Barrier to Employment Success Inventory (BESI) consists of 50 proprietary items divided across five subscales (10 items each):<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">I.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Personal and Financial Barriers (Items 1\u201310)<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Reliable transportation to get to and from work<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Child care or elder care arrangements<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Money for work clothes, tools, or supplies<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Heavy personal or household debt<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Adequate or stable housing<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Criminal record or past legal problems<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Financial resources to cover expenses until receiving the first paycheck<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family members or friends who unsupportive of working<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Reliable phone or address for employers to reach me<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family or personal obligations that interfere with work hours<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">II. Emotional and Physical Barriers (Items 11\u201320)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Chronic health problems or physical limitations<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feeling discouraged or depressed about finding employment<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Controlling anger or frustration on the job<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Lack of self-confidence or feeling inadequate<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Anxiety or nervousness when talking to employers or supervisors<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Problems with alcohol, drug, or substance use<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Low energy, stamina, or feeling fatigued<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Bad experiences with employers in previous jobs<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Difficulty taking orders or dealing with authority figures<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Fear of losing government benefits or healthcare coverage by working<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">III. Career Decision-Making and Planning Barriers (Items 21\u201330)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Not knowing what type of job fits my interests and skills<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Unclear short-term and long-term career goals<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Lack of knowledge about available jobs in the local labor market<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Changing my mind frequently about what career to pursue<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Understanding what wages are needed to support myself or my family<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Knowing how to balance immediate job needs with long-term goals<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Not knowing career ladder steps and opportunities for advancement<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Fear of failing if I choose a career path<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Knowing what values are most important to me in a job<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Translating hobbies, interests, and life experiences into job options<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">IV. Job-Seeking Knowledge Barriers (Items 31\u201340)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Not having a good, up-to-date resume<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Difficulty filling out job application forms accurately<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Lack of effective job interview skills or interview practice<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Not having a network of contacts who can help find job leads<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Not knowing how to search for jobs online or use job search engines<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Discomfort calling or approaching employers directly<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Not having good personal or professional references<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Explaining gaps in employment or frequent job changes<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Knowing how to dress appropriately for an interview<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Organizing and managing my daily job search time effectively<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-sub-item-row\" style=\"margin-left:36px; margin-top:6px; margin-bottom:8px; padding:10px 14px; background:#f8fafc; border-radius:6px; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:10px;\">\n  <span style=\"font-weight:700; color:#475569; min-width:20px; font-size:13.5px;\">V.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#334155; font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.5;\">\n<div>Training and Education Barriers (Items 41\u201350)<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Not having a high school diploma or GED<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Lack of specialized vocational training or credentials<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Difficulty with basic mathematics, measuring, or computational skills<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Trouble reading or understanding written instructions and workplace materials<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Limited computer and technology skills required in today&#039;s workplace<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Inability to afford tuition for classes or training programs<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Lack of time to attend school or training classes<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Past negative experiences with school or learning<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Language or communication challenges in workplace English<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Outdated technical skills that need refreshing to meet modern standards<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analyse psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9taill\u00e9e de l&rsquo;Inventaire des obstacles \u00e0 la r\u00e9ussite professionnelle (BESI) : structure en 5 dimensions, cadre th\u00e9orique, validit\u00e9, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 et applications en insertion professionnelle.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[27784,13515,2],"tags":[27785,27787,27788,63,26166,27786,23598,16],"class_list":["post-17832","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-de-carriere","category-orientation-professionnelle","category-psychometrie","tag-besi","tag-chomage","tag-competences-de-carriere","tag-evaluation-psychologique","tag-insertion-professionnelle","tag-obstacles-a-lemploi","tag-orientation-vocationnelle","tag-psychometrie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/17832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17832"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/17832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17833,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/17832\/revisions\/17833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}