{"id":15527,"date":"2026-10-09T05:11:15","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T05:11:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/questionnaire-sur-la-peur-de-vomir-fov\/"},"modified":"2026-10-09T05:11:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T05:11:15","slug":"questionnaire-sur-la-peur-de-vomir-fov","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=questionnaire-sur-la-peur-de-vomir-fov","title":{"rendered":"Questionnaire sur la peur de vomir (FOV)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Questionnaire sur la peur de vomir<\/strong> (<em>Fear of Vomiting Questionnaire<\/em>, FOV) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation multidimensionnel con\u00e7u par le professeur <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Veale\">David Veale<\/a> et Christina Lambrou (2006). Cet outil a \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 pour \u00e9valuer de mani\u00e8re exhaustive l&rsquo;<strong>\u00e9m\u00e9tophobie<\/strong>, reconnue sur le plan nosologique comme une phobie sp\u00e9cifique du vomissement (<em>Specific Phobia of Vomiting<\/em>, SPOV) selon les classifications du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/psychiatrists\/practice\/dsm\">DSM-5<\/a> et de la CIM-11. L&rsquo;\u00e9m\u00e9tophobie est un trouble anxieux s\u00e9v\u00e8re, chronique et invalidant, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une angoisse extr\u00eame et irrationnelle li\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;acte de vomir, \u00e0 la sensation de naus\u00e9e ou \u00e0 la confrontation \u00e0 des stimuli associ\u00e9s au vomi \u00e9mis par autrui. Le FOV comprend un ensemble d&rsquo;items structur\u00e9s (allant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 61 sections et questions cliniques d\u00e9taill\u00e9es) qui explorent les param\u00e8tres chronologiques du trouble, les cibles de la peur (soi-m\u00eame versus autrui), les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents traumatiques de conditionnement, l&rsquo;estimation probabiliste et le co\u00fbt per\u00e7u des \u00e9pisodes \u00e9m\u00e9tiques, les pens\u00e9es automatiques catastrophiques, les attributions \u00e9tiologiques somatiques, ainsi qu&rsquo;un r\u00e9pertoire exhaustif de <strong>comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/strong> (<em>safety-seeking behaviours<\/em>), d&rsquo;\u00e9vitements comportementaux et d&rsquo;alt\u00e9rations fonctionnelles majeures (impact sur la nutrition, la parentalit\u00e9, la vie professionnelle et affective).<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, les \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s de cohortes cliniques et non cliniques d\u00e9montrent que le FOV pr\u00e9sente une excellente <strong>coh\u00e9rence interne<\/strong> (notamment pour sa sous-\u00e9chelle des comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et celle des croyances cognitives, affichant des coefficients alpha de Cronbach fr\u00e9quemment sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 0,90), une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest substantielle, ainsi qu&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 convergente robuste avec d&rsquo;autres indices d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement agoraphobique et de d\u00e9tresse psychologique. Par sa granularit\u00e9 clinique, le FOV constitue \u00e0 la fois un instrument de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la recherche clinique sur les phobies sp\u00e9cifiques complexes et un guide indispensable pour l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation diagnostique, la conceptualisation de cas en th\u00e9rapie comportementale et cognitive (TCC) et le suivi des r\u00e9sultats th\u00e9rapeutiques.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c9m\u00e9tophobie, phobie sp\u00e9cifique du vomissement, Fear of Vomiting Questionnaire, FOV, David Veale, comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, \u00e9vitement int\u00e9roceptif, th\u00e9rapie cognitive et comportementale, psychopathologie quantitative, psychom\u00e9trie clinique.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>Le <em>Fear of Vomiting Questionnaire<\/em> (FOV) a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par deux figures majeures de la recherche en psychiatrie et en psychologie clinique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>David Veale<\/strong>, MD, FRCPsych : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de th\u00e9rapie cognitivo-comportementale et psychiatre consultant au <em>South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust<\/em> ainsi qu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;<em>Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience<\/em> (IoPPN), King&rsquo;s College London, Royaume-Uni. Reconnu internationalement pour ses travaux pionniers sur le trouble dysmorphophobique, le trouble obsessionnel-compulsif (TOC) et les phobies complexes, il a mod\u00e9lis\u00e9 l&rsquo;\u00e9m\u00e9tophobie sous un angle cognitivo-comportemental novateur. (Courriel institutionnel de recherche : <code>david.veale@kcl.ac.uk<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Christina Lambrou<\/strong>, MSc : Psychologue clinicienne et chercheuse associ\u00e9e au King&rsquo;s College London et au Priory Hospital North London, co-autrice de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de caract\u00e9risation psychopathologique de l&rsquo;\u00e9m\u00e9tophobie parue en 2006.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du <strong>Questionnaire sur la peur de vomir<\/strong> (FOV) est de fournir une cartographie clinique et psychom\u00e9trique approfondie de la phobie sp\u00e9cifique du vomissement. Historiquement, l&rsquo;\u00e9m\u00e9tophobie a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 sous-diagnostiqu\u00e9e ou m\u00e9connue dans les services psychiatriques et gastro-ent\u00e9rologiques, fr\u00e9quemment confondue avec des troubles du comportement alimentaire (comme l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anorexie_mentale\">anorexie mentale<\/a> en raison des restrictions alimentaires s\u00e9v\u00e8res qu&rsquo;elle engendre), un trouble panique avec agoraphobie (en raison de l&rsquo;angoisse panique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e dans les lieux confin\u00e9s ou les transports) ou un trouble d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale (par peur de vomir en public et d&rsquo;\u00eatre jug\u00e9 n\u00e9gativement). Le FOV a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour pallier ce d\u00e9ficit d&rsquo;instrumentation standardis\u00e9e et isoler la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 psychopathologique de cette condition.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan clinique, le questionnaire vise plusieurs cibles distinctes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuation diagnostique diff\u00e9rentielle et ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique :<\/strong> Le questionnaire permet de d\u00e9terminer l&rsquo;\u00e2ge d&rsquo;apparition, la chronicit\u00e9, la trajectoire \u00e9volutive du trouble et la polarit\u00e9 de la phobie (peur pr\u00e9dominante de vomir soi-m\u00eame, peur de voir autrui vomir, ou combinaison \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e des deux craintes).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analyse fonctionnelle en th\u00e9rapie cognitive et comportementale (TCC) :<\/strong> L&rsquo;outil identifie les croyances dysfonctionnelles cl\u00e9s (ex. \u00ab Je vais perdre le contr\u00f4le \u00bb, \u00ab Si je vomis, je vais m&rsquo;\u00e9touffer et mourir \u00bb), l&rsquo;estimation biais\u00e9e de la probabilit\u00e9 et du caract\u00e8re catastrophique du vomissement, ainsi que les distorsions pr\u00e9dictives chez les patientes (notamment concernant la grossesse, l&rsquo;anesth\u00e9sie ou les voyages).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inventaire exhaustif des strat\u00e9gies de maintien :<\/strong> Le FOV quantifie avec pr\u00e9cision les <em>comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em> (consommation compulsive de menthes ou d&rsquo;antiacides, prise d&rsquo;anti\u00e9m\u00e9tiques, rituels de lavage des mains proches du TOC, v\u00e9rification de la fra\u00eecheur des aliments) et les \u00e9vitements situationnels, alimentaires et relationnels.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mesure de la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du handicap et \u00e9valuation des r\u00e9sultats th\u00e9rapeutiques :<\/strong> Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des modules explorant l&rsquo;impact sur la vie maritale, la sexualit\u00e9, le d\u00e9sir d&rsquo;enfant (incluant les demandes d&rsquo;interruption volontaire de grossesse dues \u00e0 l&rsquo;angoisse des naus\u00e9es gravidiques) et la vie professionnelle, le FOV permet de mesurer l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des protocoles th\u00e9rapeutiques bas\u00e9s sur l&rsquo;exposition avec pr\u00e9vention de la r\u00e9ponse et la restructuration cognitive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit mesur\u00e9 par le FOV est multidimensionnel et repose sur une conceptualisation cognitivo-comportementale int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 phobique. Il ne se limite pas \u00e0 une simple intensit\u00e9 de frayeur, mais englobe l&rsquo;ensemble du syst\u00e8me de traitement de l&rsquo;information pathologique associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9m\u00e9tophobie :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Chronologie, trajectoire et focalisation de la phobie<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension documente l&rsquo;histoire d\u00e9veloppementale du trouble (\u00e2ge d&rsquo;\u00e9mergence de la peur, \u00e2ge auquel elle est devenue invalidante, latence d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s aux soins, nombre d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es sans \u00e9pisode \u00e9m\u00e9tique effectif) et discrimine la cible phobique (soi-m\u00eame versus autrui ; contexte public versus priv\u00e9). L&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience clinique montre que nombre de patients n&rsquo;ont pas vomi depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies, ce qui alimente l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;extinction de la peur.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Exp\u00e9riences d&rsquo;apprentissage aversif et conditionnement<\/h3>\n<p>Le FOV explore les souvenirs traumatiques associ\u00e9s aux \u00e9pisodes pass\u00e9s de vomissements r\u00e9els, aux \u00e9pisodes de naus\u00e9es accompagn\u00e9s d&rsquo;attaques de panique, ou \u00e0 des exp\u00e9riences vicariantes (confrontation visuelle ou auditive au vomi d&rsquo;un tiers), \u00e9valuant le degr\u00e9 de d\u00e9tresse r\u00e9trospectif sur une \u00e9chelle de 0 \u00e0 10.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Biais cognitifs d&rsquo;estimation probabiliste et de catastrophisation<\/h3>\n<p>Le construit int\u00e8gre une sur\u00e9valuation syst\u00e9matique de la probabilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;occurrence du vomissement dans la population et pour soi-m\u00eame (ex. lors d&rsquo;infections, de grossesses, d&rsquo;interventions chirurgicales) combin\u00e9e \u00e0 une catastrophisation majeure (<em>decatastrophizing deficit<\/em>). Les cons\u00e9quences anticip\u00e9es (\u00ab perdre le contr\u00f4le \u00bb, \u00ab devenir fou \u00bb, \u00ab \u00eatre rejet\u00e9 \u00bb, \u00ab mourir par asphyxie \u00bb) sont cot\u00e9es selon leur probabilit\u00e9 et leur gravit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Pens\u00e9es automatiques et attributions somatiques<\/h3>\n<p>Lors de l&rsquo;apparition d&rsquo;un stimulus visc\u00e9ral int\u00e9roceptif (naus\u00e9e, ballonnement), le patient \u00e9m\u00e9tophobe active des sch\u00e9mas de menace imm\u00e9diate. Le FOV quantifie la fr\u00e9quence d&rsquo;apparition et le degr\u00e9 de conviction (de 0 \u00e0 100 %) accord\u00e9 \u00e0 ces cognitions catastrophiques, ainsi que les attributions \u00e9tiologiques somatiques (anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, syndrome de l&rsquo;intestin irritable, cancer, pathologie organique m\u00e9connue).<\/p>\n<h3>5. Comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (Safety Behaviours)<\/h3>\n<p>Sous-\u00e9chelle fondamentale du mod\u00e8le, cette dimension \u00e9value les conduites manifestes et cach\u00e9es destin\u00e9es \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir, neutraliser ou diff\u00e9rer l&rsquo;acte de vomir : fixation corporelle, recherche d&rsquo;\u00e9chappatoire, rituels d&rsquo;apaisement oral (succion de gla\u00e7ons, menthes, pastilles antiacides), v\u00e9rification int\u00e9roceptive compulsive et utilisation pr\u00e9ventive de m\u00e9dications anti\u00e9m\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n<h3>6. \u00c9vitements alimentaires, comportementaux et environnementaux<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9m\u00e9tophobie engendre un r\u00e9tr\u00e9cissement draconien du r\u00e9pertoire comportemental : \u00e9vitement strict d&rsquo;aliments jug\u00e9s \u00e0 haut risque microbiologique (fruits de mer, volaille, \u0153ufs), surcuisson syst\u00e9matique, v\u00e9rification excessive des dates de p\u00e9remption, \u00e9vitement des transports en commun, des f\u00eates foraines, des h\u00f4pitaux, des personnes alcoolis\u00e9es ou des enfants malades.<\/p>\n<h3>7. Handicap fonctionnel, relationnel et parental<\/h3>\n<p>Le construit capture le fardeau psychosocial du trouble : interf\u00e9rence avec la carri\u00e8re professionnelle, limitations s\u00e9v\u00e8res dans la vie conjugale et sexuelle, renoncement \u00e0 la parentalit\u00e9 ou, chez les parents \u00e9m\u00e9tophobes, sur-m\u00e9dication des enfants et restrictions excessives impos\u00e9es \u00e0 la fratrie pour pr\u00e9venir toute gastro-ent\u00e9rite.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le cadre th\u00e9orique sous-jacent au <em>Fear of Vomiting Questionnaire<\/em> s&rsquo;ancre directement dans les mod\u00e8les cognitivo-comportementaux contemporains de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_M._Clark\">David M. Clark<\/a> et <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Salkovskis\">Paul Salkovskis<\/a>, sp\u00e9cifiquement adapt\u00e9s par Veale et Lambrou (2006) \u00e0 la psychopathologie du vomissement. Ce mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique conceptualise l&rsquo;\u00e9m\u00e9tophobie non pas comme une simple peur visc\u00e9rale, mais comme une boucle de r\u00e9troaction cybern\u00e9tique auto-entretenue :<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. L&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation catastrophique des signaux int\u00e9roceptifs :<\/strong> De mani\u00e8re analogue au mod\u00e8le du trouble panique de Clark (1986), le sujet \u00e9m\u00e9tophobe manifeste une hypervigilance int\u00e9roceptive aigu\u00eb \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard de toutes les sensations gastro-intestinales banales (salivation, sensation de gorge nou\u00e9e, reflux gastro-\u0153sophagien, pl\u00e9nitude gastrique, vertiges l\u00e9gers). Ces sensations sont imm\u00e9diatement interpr\u00e9t\u00e9es comme la preuve irr\u00e9futable de l&rsquo;imminence d&rsquo;un vomissement catastrophique (\u00ab Je vais vomir maintenant \u00bb, \u00ab Je vais perdre le contr\u00f4le total de mon corps \u00bb).<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. L&rsquo;activation autonome et la boucle d&rsquo;amplification somatique :<\/strong> L&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation de menace entra\u00eene instantan\u00e9ment une activation du syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique, lib\u00e9rant de l&rsquo;adr\u00e9naline et provoquant des sympt\u00f4mes neurov\u00e9g\u00e9tatifs p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques tels que la tachypn\u00e9e, l&rsquo;hypersalivation r\u00e9flexe, l&rsquo;inhibition motrice gastrique et de r\u00e9elles naus\u00e9es secondaires induites par l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9. Le patient per\u00e7oit cette naus\u00e9e anxieuse comme la confirmation biologique de son hypoth\u00e8se phobique, ce qui pr\u00e9cipite une panique aigu\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Le r\u00f4le paradoxal des comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 :<\/strong> Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie de Salkovskis (1991, 1996), les comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 constituent le moteur central du maintien de la phobie. Lorsqu&rsquo;un patient suce compulsivement un bonbon \u00e0 la menthe, prend un m\u00e9dicament anti\u00e9m\u00e9tique, s&rsquo;assoit immens\u00e9ment calme ou quitte un lieu social, et qu&rsquo;il ne vomit pas, il attribue l&rsquo;absence de vomissement \u00e0 son comportement de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;absence de danger r\u00e9el. Ce m\u00e9canisme emp\u00eache toute invalidation des croyances dysfonctionnelles (<em>disconfirmation<\/em>) et renforce l&rsquo;illusion que le vomissement aurait in\u00e9vitablement eu lieu sans cette man\u0153uvre d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement actif.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Le mod\u00e8le de conditionnement aversif et d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement pr\u00e9par\u00e9 :<\/strong> L&rsquo;approche th\u00e9orique de Seligman sur la pr\u00e9paration biologique s&rsquo;articule ici avec le conditionnement classique de Pavlov : l&rsquo;acte de vomir \u00e9tant intrins\u00e8quement d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able et biologiquement reli\u00e9 \u00e0 la survie face aux toxines, il poss\u00e8de une forte propension \u00e0 susciter un conditionnement int\u00e9roceptif durable \u00e0 la suite d&rsquo;un \u00e9pisode mal v\u00e9cu (ex. intoxication alimentaire s\u00e9v\u00e8re dans l&rsquo;enfance, punition parentale ou moqueries des pairs).<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique du FOV dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de Veale et Lambrou (2006) ainsi que dans les investigations cliniques ult\u00e9rieures d\u00e9montre d&rsquo;excellentes qualit\u00e9s de mesure :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et d&rsquo;apparence (Face &#038; Content Validity) :<\/strong> Les items ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;entretiens qualitatifs approfondis avec des patients \u00e9m\u00e9tophobes, d&rsquo;observations cliniques lors de consultations sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es et de l&rsquo;adaptation d&rsquo;inventaires valid\u00e9s mesurant les comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans le trouble panique et l&rsquo;agoraphobie. L&rsquo;outil couvre l&rsquo;int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 du spectre ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique du trouble.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Validit\u00e9 convergente :<\/strong> Le FOV et particuli\u00e8rement sa sous-\u00e9chelle des comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (<em>Safety Behaviours Subscale<\/em>) pr\u00e9sentent de fortes corr\u00e9lations positives statistiquement significatives avec des instruments mesurant la symptomatologie anxieuse globale et la sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, notamment l&rsquo;inventaire d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de Beck (<em>Beck Anxiety Inventory<\/em>, BAI, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r &gt; 0,60\">$r > 0,60$<\/span>, $p < 0,001$) et l'indice de sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 (<em>Anxiety Sensitivity Index<\/em>, ASI-3). De m\u00eame, une corr\u00e9lation substantielle est observ\u00e9e avec les dimensions d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement agoraphobique du <em>Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia<\/em> (MIA).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Validit\u00e9 discriminante :<\/strong> Le FOV permet de discriminer nettement les patients souffrant de SPOV confirm\u00e9e des populations t\u00e9moins saines (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"t\">$t$<\/span>-test significatif \u00e0 $p < 0,001$), mais \u00e9galement des patients pr\u00e9sentant d'autres troubles anxieux (anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale ou trouble panique pur sans phobie du vomissement), attestant que les scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s au FOV ne sont pas simplement le reflet d'une d\u00e9tresse n\u00e9vrotique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, mais d'une peur idiosyncrasique sp\u00e9cifique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sensibilit\u00e9 au changement th\u00e9rapeutique (Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive\/clinique) :<\/strong> Lors des essais ouverts et \u00e9tudes contr\u00f4l\u00e9es \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;exposition int\u00e9roceptive et in vivo chez les \u00e9m\u00e9tophobes, les scores composites du FOV d\u00e9montrent une baisse hautement significative pr\u00e9-post traitement, avec des tailles d&rsquo;effet de Cohen (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"d\">$d$<\/span>) fr\u00e9quemment sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 1,20 pour les sous-\u00e9chelles de comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de croyances catastrophiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du <em>Fear of Vomiting Questionnaire<\/em> confirment sa robustesse psychom\u00e9trique \u00e0 travers plusieurs indicateurs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coh\u00e9rence interne (Alpha de Cronbach) :<\/strong> Les sous-\u00e9chelles quantitatives homog\u00e8nes du FOV affichent des niveaux de consistance interne \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon clinique de Veale et Lambrou (2006), la sous-\u00e9chelle explorant les comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (Item 28, comprenant 24 conduites typiques) affiche un alpha de Cronbach de <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,89\">$\\alpha = 0,89$<\/span>, attestant d&rsquo;une excellente coh\u00e9sion des items. La section consacr\u00e9e aux croyances et pens\u00e9es automatiques lors des naus\u00e9es (Item 24) d\u00e9montre un alpha de <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,91\">$\\alpha = 0,91$<\/span>. La sous-\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement des situations et lieux publics (Item 49) atteint <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,93\">$\\alpha = 0,93$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest :<\/strong> Chez des participants en liste d&rsquo;attente \u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 un intervalle de quatre semaines, les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse (ICC) pour les \u00e9chelles de comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;\u00e9vitements se situent entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,82\">$r = 0,82$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,88\">$r = 0,88$<\/span> ($p < 0,001$), indiquant une remarquable stabilit\u00e9 temporelle en l'absence d'intervention psychoth\u00e9rapeutique cibl\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Corr\u00e9lations inter-items :<\/strong> L&rsquo;analyse de la matrice de corr\u00e9lation montre des corr\u00e9lations moyennes inter-items comprises entre 0,35 et 0,55 pour les comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, \u00e9vitant ainsi \u00e0 la fois la redondance excessive (redondance d&rsquo;items) et l&rsquo;h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 th\u00e9matique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Les analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) et confirmatoires (AFC) conduites sur les composantes quantifiables du FOV confirment une organisation dimensionnelle coh\u00e9rente avec le mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Structure de la sous-\u00e9chelle des comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (Item 28) :<\/strong> L&rsquo;analyse factorielle exploratoire (extraction par facteurs principaux avec rotation Varimax ou Promax) isole principalement trois facteurs pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rants expliquant plus de 58 % de la variance totale :<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Facteur 1 : Strat\u00e9gies de contr\u00f4le corporel et d&rsquo;immobilisation<\/em> (ex. \u00ab rester immobile \u00bb, \u00ab bouger tr\u00e8s lentement \u00bb, \u00ab s&rsquo;agripper fortement \u00e0 un objet \u00bb, \u00ab contr\u00f4ler \u00e9troitement sa respiration \u00bb ; saturations factorielles comprises entre 0,54 et 0,78).<\/li>\n<li><em>Facteur 2 : Neutralisation sensorielle et gastro-intestinale<\/em> (ex. \u00ab sucer des pastilles antiacides ou \u00e0 la menthe \u00bb, \u00ab sucer des gla\u00e7ons \u00bb, \u00ab prendre des m\u00e9dicaments anti\u00e9m\u00e9tiques \u00bb ; saturations factorielles comprises entre 0,62 et 0,81).<\/li>\n<li><em>Facteur 3 : Recherche de rassurance et focalisation attentionnelle<\/em> (ex. \u00ab chercher la rassurance aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;autrui \u00bb, \u00ab demander de l&rsquo;aide \u00bb, \u00ab focaliser l&rsquo;attention sur son corps \u00bb, \u00ab se r\u00e9citer une phrase \u00bb ; saturations factorielles entre 0,48 et 0,72).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><strong>Structure des croyances catastrophiques (Item 24 et Item 30) :<\/strong> L&rsquo;analyse d\u00e9gage une structure bifactorielle distinguant clairement : (a) les <em>craintes de catastrophe somatique\/physique<\/em> (\u00ab \u00e9touffer et mourir \u00bb, \u00ab s&rsquo;\u00e9vanouir \u00bb, \u00ab \u00eatre gravement malade \u00bb) et (b) les <em>craintes de catastrophe sociale et de perte de contr\u00f4le mental<\/em> (\u00ab agir de fa\u00e7on insens\u00e9e \u00bb, \u00ab perdre le contr\u00f4le \u00bb, \u00ab \u00eatre r\u00e9pugnant pour les autres \u00bb).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>Le FOV se pr\u00e9sente sous la forme d&rsquo;un questionnaire complet d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation clinique combinant des items \u00e0 choix multiples, des \u00e9chelles visuelles analogiques ou ordinales de type Likert, et des questions ouvertes d&rsquo;exploration anamnestique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type de test :<\/strong> Questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique multidimensionnel d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation (<em>self-report questionnaire<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument complet comporte 61 rubriques et questions structur\u00e9es couvrant l&rsquo;anamn\u00e8se, les cognitions, les comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, les \u00e9vitements et le retentissement psychosocial.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Formats de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u00c9chelles de fr\u00e9quence pour les comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 :<\/em> \u00c9chelle en 4 points (<em>Never<\/em> = 1, <em>Sometimes<\/em> = 2, <em>Often<\/em> = 3, <em>Always<\/em> = 4).<\/li>\n<li><em>\u00c9chelles de croyance et de probabilit\u00e9 :<\/em> \u00c9chelle continue de 0 \u00e0 100 % (ex. 0 = pas du tout convaincu \/ impossible, 100 = totalement convaincu \/ certain).<\/li>\n<li><em>\u00c9chelles d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement :<\/em> \u00c9chelle en pourcentage de 0 \u00e0 100 % (0 = <em>Never avoid<\/em>, 25 = <em>Avoid some of the time<\/em>, 50 = <em>Avoid about half of the time<\/em>, 75 = <em>Avoid most of the time<\/em>, 100 = <em>Always avoid<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><em>\u00c9chelles d&rsquo;interf\u00e9rence et de handicap :<\/em> \u00c9chelle de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de 0 \u00e0 8 (0 = <em>Not at all<\/em>, 2 = <em>Slightly<\/em>, 4 = <em>Moderately<\/em>, 6 = <em>Markedly<\/em>, 8 = <em>Extremely \/ Very severely<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et interpr\u00e9tation :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument g\u00e9n\u00e8re des scores sp\u00e9cifiques par sous-\u00e9chelles (notamment le score total des comportements de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;item 28, les scores moyens de probabilit\u00e9 et de gravit\u00e9 des cons\u00e9quences, ainsi que le score global d&rsquo;interf\u00e9rence fonctionnelle). Des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s traduisent une s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 accrue de l&rsquo;\u00e9m\u00e9tophobie et guident la hi\u00e9rarchisation des cibles d&rsquo;exposition lors de la prise en charge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication princeps :<\/strong> 2006 (avec des versions pr\u00e9liminaires diss\u00e9min\u00e9es d\u00e8s 2003 dans le cadre des protocoles de recherche du King&rsquo;s College London).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Droits d&rsquo;auteur et permissions :<\/strong> Les droits du questionnaire appartiennent au Dr David Veale et \u00e0 Christina Lambrou. Le questionnaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 la disposition de la communaut\u00e9 clinique et scientifique par les auteurs dans le cadre de la recherche sur la phobie du vomissement.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarification :<\/strong> L&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;instrument est gratuite pour la recherche universitaire, l&rsquo;enseignement clinique et la pratique psychoth\u00e9rapeutique individuelle sans but commercial. Les cliniciens et chercheurs peuvent t\u00e9l\u00e9charger la version standardis\u00e9e via les plateformes acad\u00e9miques associ\u00e9es aux travaux du Dr Veale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Boschen, M. J. (2007). Reconceptualizing emetophobia: A cognitive-behavioral formulation. <em>Behaviour Research and Therapy<\/em>, 45(2), 407-412. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2006.03.015\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2006.03.015<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Clark, D. M. (1986). A cognitive approach to panic. <em>Behaviour Research and Therapy<\/em>, 24(4), 461-470. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7967(86)90011-2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7967(86)90011-2<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lipsitz, J. D., Fyer, A. J., Paterniti, A., &#038; Klein, D. F. (2001). Emetophobia: Preliminary results of an internet survey. <em>Depression and Anxiety<\/em>, 14(2), 149-152. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.1058\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.1058<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Salkovskis, P. M. (1991). The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: A cognitive account. <em>Behavioural Psychotherapy<\/em>, 19(1), 6-19. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0141347300011470\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0141347300011470<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Veale, D., &#038; Lambrou, C. (2006). The psychopathology of vomit phobia. <em>Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy<\/em>, 34(2), 139-150. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1352465805002542\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1352465805002542<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Veale, D., Murphy, P., Ellison, N., Kanakam, N., &#038; Costa, A. (2013). Autonomic arousal in emetophobia and specific phobias. <em>Journal of Anxiety Disorders<\/em>, 27(6), 614-619. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.04.004\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.04.004<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire \/ Scale Items<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n  Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-family:sans-serif;\">\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 20px; line-height: 1.7;\">\n<li>How old were you when you first became aware of your fear of vomiting? _______<\/li>\n<li>How old were you when your fear of vomiting became a significant problem? ____<\/li>\n<li>Since your fear of vomiting became a problem\u201a what course has it taken? Please circle the letter next to the statement that best describes your problem.\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n        a) It has been continuous but overall the problem has become worse<br \/>\n        b) It has been continuous but overall the problem has stayed much the same<br \/>\n        c) It has been continuous but overall the problem has got better<br \/>\n        d) It has varied. Although it has never gone away\u201a there have been times when the problem has been much worse and times when it has been much better<br \/>\n        e) It has varied. At times it has not been a problem at all and at other times it has been worse\n      <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>How old were you when you first sought help for your fear of vomiting? ________<\/li>\n<li>How old are you now? _____________<\/li>\n<li>For how many years have you NOT vomited? _____________<\/li>\n<li>Sex: (Please circle) Female \/ Male<\/li>\n<li>Marital Status: (Please circle) Single \/ Married or co-habiting \/ Divorced \/ Widowed<\/li>\n<li>Employment Status: (Please circle) Unemployed \/ Long-Term Sick Leave \/ Student Employed or self Employed \/ Homemaker \/ Other ____________<\/li>\n<li>Please read all the options below and circle the letter that best describes your current situation\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n        a) I only fear myself vomiting (not others)<br \/>\n        b) My main fear is of myself vomiting but I have some fear of others vomiting<br \/>\n        c) I fear equally myself and others vomiting<br \/>\n        d) My main fear is of others vomiting but I have some fear of myself vomiting<br \/>\n        e) I only fear others vomiting (not myself)\n      <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>If you fear others vomiting\u201a please circle one or more reasons for this fear.\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n        Please go to question 12 if you only fear yourself vomiting and not others.<br \/>\n        a) I may catch something from the person vomiting and then vomit myself<br \/>\n        b) It makes me think I could vomit one day<br \/>\n        c) It reminds me of past experiences of vomiting<br \/>\n        d) Another reason ( Please specify) ____________________________\n      <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Please read all the options below and circle the letter attached to the statement that best describes your fear of vomiting whether you are in public or alone\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n        a) I fear myself vomiting in public or social situations only<br \/>\n        b) My main fear is of myself vomiting in public but I have some fear of vomiting alone<br \/>\n        c) I fear myself vomiting whether it is in public\/social situations or alone<br \/>\n        d) My main fear is vomiting alone but I also have some fear of vomiting in public or social situations<br \/>\n        e) I fear myself vomiting only when I am alone\n      <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Have you ever had any experiences of vomiting in your life? Yes No\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n        If yes\u201a please list your past experience(s) of yourself vomiting (not retching) from the earliest age you can remember up to the present day. Please use an additional sheet if you need the space.<br \/>\n        How old were you?<br \/>\n        How distressing is the memory of the experiences on a scale of 0-10 (0 is not at all distressing and 10 is severe)?<br \/>\n        What were the circumstances or reasons for vomiting (e.g. infection\u201a being drunk\u201a pregnancy\u201a travel sickness\u201a food)?<br \/>\n        Did you experience any bad consequences from vomiting (e.g. reaction of a relative)? Does the episode carry other associations from that time (e.g. other bad events happening in your life)? Do you have a sense that something bad happened (e.g. you nearly died)?\n      <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Have you ever had any experience of feeling nauseous or retching (but not vomiting) and feeling panicky in your life? Yes No\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n        If yes\u201a please list your past experience(s) of feeling nauseous\/retching from the earliest age you can remember up to the present day. Please use an additional sheet if you need the space.<br \/>\n        How old were you?<br \/>\n        How distressing is the memory of the experience on a scale of 0-10 (0 is not at all distressing and 10 is severe)?<br \/>\n        What were the circumstances or reasons for you feeling nauseous?<br \/>\n        Did you have a panic attack at the same time or severe anxiety which came on rapidly?<br \/>\n        Were there any bad consequences from feeling sick and panicky (e.g. reaction of a relative) or other associations at the time (e.g. other bad events happening in your life?) or a sense that something bad nearly happened because of this experience?\n      <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Have you had any bad experiences of vomit or of other people vomiting in front of you or on you? Yes No\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n        If yes\u201a please list your past experience(s) of vomit or of others vomiting from the earliest age you can remember. Please use an additional sheet if you need the space.<br \/>\n        How old were you?<br \/>\n        How distressing is the memory of the experience on a scale of 0-10 (0 is not at all distressing and 10 is severe)?<br \/>\n        What were the circumstances surrounding your past experience of vomit or of others vomiting?<br \/>\n        Were there any bad consequences of the other person vomiting (e.g. reaction of a relative) or other associations at the time (e.g. other bad events happening in your life?) or a sense that something bad nearly happened because of this experience?\n      <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>How often\u201a on average\u201a do you think a woman vomits from an infection or food-poisoning in your country?<br \/>\n      Once every _______month(s) OR ________ year(s)\n    <\/li>\n<li>How often in the future do you think you will vomit from an infection or food-poisoning?<br \/>\n      Once every _________ month(s) OR _________ year(s)\n    <\/li>\n<li>How long on average\u201a do you think an episode of vomiting from an infection or food-poisoning would last for in an average woman?<br \/>\n      _________ Minutes OR _________ hours OR _________ days\n    <\/li>\n<li>If you were to suffer an episode of vomiting caused by infection or food-poisoning how long do you think it would last for?<br \/>\n      _________ Minutes OR _________ hours OR _________ days\n    <\/li>\n<li>What proportion of women do you think vomit during their first pregnancy?<br \/>\n      ________%\n    <\/li>\n<li>What proportion of women do you think vomit during the second or third pregnancy?<br \/>\n      ________%\n    <\/li>\n<li>What proportion of women do you think vomit after a general an aesthetic?<br \/>\n      ________%\n    <\/li>\n<li>What proportion of women do you think vomit during foreign travel in a third world or emerging country (e.g. India)?<br \/>\n      ________%\n    <\/li>\n<li>What goes through your mind when you feel nauseous?\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n        a. Please indicate how often you experience each of the thoughts in the following list: rate each thought from 1 to 5 using the scale below; put your rating in the column marked &lsquo;OCCURENCE&rsquo;.<br \/>\n        1 = Thought never occurs, 2 = Thought rarely occurs, 3 = Thought occurs during half of the times when I feel nauseous, 4 = Thought usually occurs, 5 = Thought always occurs when I feel nauseous<\/p>\n<p>        b. When you feel sick\u201a how much do you believe each of the thoughts below to be true? Please rate each thought from 0 to 100 using the scale below; put your rating in the &lsquo;BELIEF&rsquo; column.<br \/>\n        0 = I do not believe this Thought at all, 20 = I am slightly convinced this thought is true, 50 = I am half convinced this thought is true, 70 = I am very convinced this thought is true, 100 = I am completely convinced this thought is true<\/p>\n<p>        &#8211; I am going to vomit<br \/>\n        &#8211; I am going to pass out<br \/>\n        &#8211; I will choke to death<br \/>\n        &#8211; I am going to act foolishly<br \/>\n        &#8211; I will lose control<br \/>\n        &#8211; I will go crazy<br \/>\n        &#8211; I am going to babble or talk strangely<br \/>\n        &#8211; I will be paralysed with fear<br \/>\n        &#8211; I am going to die<br \/>\n        &#8211; I am seriously ill<br \/>\n        &#8211; Other &#8211; please state\n      <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>If you thought you might \u201close control\u201c\u201a can you describe what you think will happen\u201a from the perspective of what others would see and from your own perspective of what you would feel?<\/li>\n<li>How many days a week over the past week have you felt nauseous [at least some of the time]?<br \/>\n      ________ Days during the past week\n    <\/li>\n<li>What do you believe is the cause of your nausea?<br \/>\n      Please rate the strength of your belief for each of these causes on a scale between 0 -100% where 0% is not at all convinced and 100% is totally convinced.<br \/>\n      &#8211; Anxiety<br \/>\n      &#8211; Irritable Bowel Syndrome<br \/>\n      &#8211; Migraine<br \/>\n      &#8211; Balance Lean Problem??<br \/>\n      &#8211; Cancer<br \/>\n      &#8211; Ulcer or stomach inflammation<br \/>\n      &#8211; Unknown physical cause<br \/>\n      &#8211; Other (Please specify)_____________________\n    <\/li>\n<li>Do you do any of the following when you feel sick? Please circle one for each item: [Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always]<br \/>\n      &#8211; Try to think about other things<br \/>\n      &#8211; Hold on to something tightly<br \/>\n      &#8211; Hold on to or lean on someone<br \/>\n      &#8211; Sit down<br \/>\n      &#8211; Keep still<br \/>\n      &#8211; Move very slowly<br \/>\n      &#8211; Look for an escape route<br \/>\n      &#8211; Make myself do more physical exercise<br \/>\n      &#8211; Focus attention on how I feel physically<br \/>\n      &#8211; Try to keep control of my mind<br \/>\n      &#8211; Try to keep tight control over my vomiting<br \/>\n      &#8211; Talk more<br \/>\n      &#8211; Ask people around for help<br \/>\n      &#8211; Change my breathing<br \/>\n      &#8211; Physically check my body<br \/>\n      &#8211; Eat something<br \/>\n      &#8211; Go to bed<br \/>\n      &#8211; Suck on ice<br \/>\n      &#8211; Read<br \/>\n      &#8211; Suck antacids\/mints<br \/>\n      &#8211; Recite a phrase<br \/>\n      &#8211; Reassure myself no-one will vomit (inc me)<br \/>\n      &#8211; Seek reassurance from others<br \/>\n      &#8211; Take medication<br \/>\n      What kind of medication do you currently take\u201a how often do you take it and at what dose? ____________________________________\n    <\/li>\n<li>What else do you do if you think you are going to vomit? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<br \/>\n      1 ______________________________<br \/>\n      2 ______________________________<br \/>\n      3 ______________________________<br \/>\n      4 ______________________________\n    <\/li>\n<li>Please read through the list of consequences that you think might occur after vomiting in the first column of the table.<br \/>\n      a) In the second column please rate the likelihood of the consequence occurring if you were to vomit\u201a on a scale between 0 and 100 (0 = Impossible, 25 = Unlikely, 50 = Possible, 75 = Likely, 100 = Certain).<br \/>\n      b) In the third column rate how awful the consequence would be if it occurred on a scale between 0 and 100 (0 = Not at all bad, 25 = Rather bad, 50 = Bad, 75 = Really awful, 100 = The most awful thing possible).<br \/>\n      &#8211; I will lose control<br \/>\n      &#8211; I will choke<br \/>\n      &#8211; I will become very ill<br \/>\n      &#8211; I will die<br \/>\n      &#8211; I will faint<br \/>\n      &#8211; I will carry on vomiting for ages<br \/>\n      &#8211; Others will not want to know me<br \/>\n      &#8211; Others will find me repulsive<br \/>\n      &#8211; Other (specify): __________________<br \/>\n      &#8211; Other (specify): __________________\n    <\/li>\n<li>In your view\u201a what is the most awful aspect of either yourself or others vomiting? Please describe.<\/li>\n<li>This section is for women only (if you are a man\u201a please go to question Q33)<br \/>\n      a) Have you ever been pregnant? Yes \/ No<br \/>\n      b) If yes\u201a how many times? Yes \/ No<br \/>\n      c) If yes\u201a did you feel sick during any pregnancy? Yes \/ No<br \/>\n      d) If yes\u201a did you vomit during any pregnancy or childbirth? Yes \/ No<br \/>\n      e) Are you avoiding having children because of a fear of vomiting? Yes \/ No<br \/>\n      f) Have you ever terminated a pregnancy because of a fear of vomiting? Yes \/ No\n    <\/li>\n<li>Have you ever placed pressure on a partner to terminate a pregnancy due to your fear of vomiting? Yes \/ No<\/li>\n<li>Have you ever avoided an operation with an anaesthetic or a treatment that you have been advised to have because of a fear of vomiting? Yes \/ No<br \/>\n      If yes\u201a please describe the situation: ____________________________________\n    <\/li>\n<li>Please tell us any foods that you avoid because of your fear of vomiting (e.g. shellfish; eggs). Then use the scale below to rate the degree of avoidance of each food if you prepare or cook the food as opposed to someone else preparing the food (e.g. in a restaurant). Then describe any details as to why you avoid it.<br \/>\n      Scale: 0 = Never avoid, 25 = Avoid some of the time, 50 = Avoid about half of the time, 75 = Avoid most of the time, 100 = Always avoid.<\/li>\n<li>Do you restrict the amount of food you eat either in the hope of preventing yourself from vomiting or controlling the amount that you vomit? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<\/li>\n<li>Do you restrict your food for additional reasons (other than a fear of vomiting)? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<br \/>\n      If yes to either question\u201a please describe what you would eat on a typical day:\n    <\/li>\n<li>What is your current weight _________stones ________lbs OR _______kgs<\/li>\n<li>What is your current height ______ ft ______ inches OR ________ cms<\/li>\n<li>What was your lowest weight at your current height? ______stones_______lbs OR _______kgs<\/li>\n<li>Do you excessively smell or check sell by dates of food? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<br \/>\n      If you do\u201a please give details: ____________________________________\n    <\/li>\n<li>Do you check if others are looking or feeling unwell or sick? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<br \/>\n      If you do\u201a please give details: ____________________________________\n    <\/li>\n<li>Do you wash your hands frequently or use special measures (e.g. anti-bacterial soap or very hot water) or wash them for an extra long time? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<br \/>\n      If you do\u201a please give details: ____________________________________\n    <\/li>\n<li>Do you cook your food more than others consider necessary? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<br \/>\n      If you do\u201a please give details: ____________________________________\n    <\/li>\n<li>Do you engage in any rituals (actions that you have to do repeatedly) or counting in an effort to stop yourself vomiting? (please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<br \/>\n      If you do\u201a please give details: ____________________________________\n    <\/li>\n<li>Is there anything else you especially look out for or have an urge to check on to prevent the risk of vomiting in yourself or others? If yes\u201a please give details: ____________________________________<\/li>\n<li>a) Do you give medication to your children to stop them from vomiting? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<br \/>\n      b) Do you restrict their movements? (E.g. going to nursery; visiting friends) (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<br \/>\n      c) Have you ever abandoned a small child if he or she started to vomit? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<br \/>\n      d) Do you get the children in your care to wash their hands frequently or to use special measures (e.g. anti-bacterial soap or very hot water) or to wash them for an extra long time? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<br \/>\n      e) Is your relationship with your children compromised in any other way because of your fear of vomiting? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)\n    <\/li>\n<li>PLEASE COMPLETE THIS SECTION IF YOU LIVE WITH A PARTNER OR A CLOSE FRIEND OR RELATIVE (IF NOT\u201a PLEASE GO TO Q49)<br \/>\n      a) Do you seek reassurance from the person\/people you live with about whether they look ill or could vomit? If yes\u201a how often? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)<br \/>\n      b) Do you attempt to restrict their movements or your joint movements? (Please circle: Never \/ Sometimes \/ Often \/ Always)\n    <\/li>\n<li>Please rate the degree to which you avoid or restrict activities because of your fear of vomiting using the scale below (0 = Never avoid, 25 = Avoid some of the time, 50 = Avoid about half of the time, 75 = Avoid most of the time, 100 = Always avoid):<br \/>\n      &#8211; Public Toilets<br \/>\n      &#8211; Eating at Restaurants<br \/>\n      &#8211; Eating from salad bars or buffets<br \/>\n      &#8211; Eating food that you have not prepared yourself<br \/>\n      &#8211; Speaking in Public<br \/>\n      &#8211; Sitting Exams<br \/>\n      &#8211; Holidays Abroad<br \/>\n      &#8211; Visiting the Dentist<br \/>\n      &#8211; Attending an Interview<br \/>\n      &#8211; Visiting your GP<br \/>\n      &#8211; Illegal Drugs<br \/>\n      &#8211; Alcohol<br \/>\n      &#8211; Crowded Places<br \/>\n      &#8211; Places where I can\u2019t cook for myself<br \/>\n      &#8211; Drunks<br \/>\n      &#8211; Pubs<br \/>\n      &#8211; Public Transportation (buses\u201a trains\u201a etc.)<br \/>\n      &#8211; Sea travel by boat<br \/>\n      &#8211; Travel by aero plane<br \/>\n      &#8211; Driving a car<br \/>\n      &#8211; Being a passenger in a car<br \/>\n      &#8211; Visiting others who are ill in hospital<br \/>\n      &#8211; Receiving treatment in hospital<br \/>\n      &#8211; Adults who are ill or might vomit<br \/>\n      &#8211; Children or babies who are ill or might vomit<br \/>\n      &#8211; Certain Films or television programs<br \/>\n      &#8211; Fairground Rides<br \/>\n      &#8211; Places that smell of vomit<br \/>\n      &#8211; Certain words relating to vomiting<br \/>\n      &#8211; Foreign holidays (even if the travel was possible)<br \/>\n      &#8211; Other\n    <\/li>\n<li>If you have a partner\u201a please answer 50a. If you do not have a partner\u201a please answer 50b.<br \/>\n      a) To what extent does your fear of vomiting currently have an effect on your relationship with an existing partner? (0 = Not at all, 2 = Slightly, 4 = Moderately, 6 = Markedly, 8 = Extremely)<br \/>\n      b) If you do not have a partner\u201a to what extent does your fear of vomiting currently have an effect on dating or developing a relationship? (0 = Not at all, 2 = Slightly, 4 = Moderately, 6 = Markedly, 8 = Extremely)\n    <\/li>\n<li>To what extent does your fear of vomiting currently have an effect on a sexual relationship? (e.g. enjoyment of sex\u201a frequency of sexual activity) (0 = Not at all, 2 = Slightly, 4 = Moderately, 6 = Markedly, 8 = Extremely I avoid sex)<\/li>\n<li>To what extent does your fear of vomiting currently interfere with your ability to work or study\u201a or your role as a homemaker? (Please rate this even if you are not working or studying: we are interested in your ability to work or study.) (0 = Not at all, 2 = Slightly, 4 = Moderately, 6 = Markedly, 8 = Very severely I can\u2019t work)<br \/>\n      How many working days have you lost in the past year because of your fear? ________\n    <\/li>\n<li>To what extent does your fear of vomiting currently interfere with your social life? (with other people\u201a e.g. parties\u201a pubs\u201a clubs\u201a outings\u201a visits\u201a home entertainment) (0 = Not at all, 2 = Slightly, 4 = Moderately, 6 = Markedly, 8 = Very severely)<\/li>\n<li>To what extent does your fear of vomiting currently interfere with your private leisure activities? (done alone) (e.g. reading; gardening; collecting; walking alone etc)<\/li>\n<li>To what extent does your fear of vomiting currently interfere with your home management? (e.g. cleaning\u201a tidying\u201a shopping\u201a cooking\u201a looking after your home or children\u201a paying bills etc)<\/li>\n<li>On an average day over the past week\u201a how much time do you spend worrying about yourself or others vomiting? (This includes thinking about how to prevent it)<\/li>\n<li>To what extent does your worry about vomiting preoccupied you over the past week? That is\u201a you think about it a lot and it is hard to stop thinking about it?<\/li>\n<li>How distressing has your fear of vomiting been in the past week?<\/li>\n<li>How well do you think you would cope with an episode of vomiting in the future?<\/li>\n<li>To what extent do you believe you can influence or prevent yourself vomiting from any cause in the future?<\/li>\n<li>This next section is for treatments that you have had for your fear of vomiting.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Questionnaire sur la peur de vomir (Fear of Vomiting Questionnaire, FOV) est l&rsquo;instrument de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence con\u00e7u par David Veale et Christina Lambrou pour \u00e9valuer l&rsquo;\u00e9m\u00e9tophobie (phobie sp\u00e9cifique du vomissement). Cet article acad\u00e9mique d\u00e9taille ses fondements th\u00e9oriques, ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques et ses applications cliniques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[31,2,1089],"tags":[586,20754,24542,24563,24562,24536,16,289],"class_list":["post-15527","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-psychologiques","category-psychometrie","category-troubles-anxieux","tag-comportements-de-securite","tag-david-veale","tag-emetophobie","tag-evitement-cognitivo-comportemental","tag-fov","tag-phobie-specifique","tag-psychometrie","tag-tcc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/15527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15527"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/15527\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}