{"id":15438,"date":"2026-10-09T01:34:01","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T01:34:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/inventaire-conformite-normes-masculines-cmni\/"},"modified":"2026-10-09T01:34:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T01:34:01","slug":"inventaire-conformite-normes-masculines-cmni","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=inventaire-conformite-normes-masculines-cmni","title":{"rendered":"Inventaire de conformit\u00e9 aux normes masculines (CMNI)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Inventaire de conformit\u00e9 aux normes masculines<\/strong> (<em>Conformity to Male Norms Inventory<\/em>, ou <strong>CMNI<\/strong> ; <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1524-9220.4.1.3\">Mahalik et al., 2003<\/a>) constitue l&rsquo;un des instruments psychom\u00e9triques les plus rigoureux et influents d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation quantitative de l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion cognitive, comportementale et affective des individus aux normes traditionnelles de la masculinit\u00e9 h\u00e9g\u00e9monique occidentale. D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 initialement dans une version int\u00e9grale comprenant 94 items, le CMNI op\u00e9rationnalise la masculinit\u00e9 non pas comme un trait de personnalit\u00e9 immuable ou une essence biologique, mais comme une constellation multidimensionnelle de mandats socioculturels auxquels les hommes choisissent ou se sentent contraints de se conformer \u00e0 des degr\u00e9s variables. L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle \u00e9value onze dimensions factorielles distinctes : la primaut\u00e9 de la victoire (<em>Winning<\/em>), le contr\u00f4le \u00e9motionnel (<em>Emotional Control<\/em>), la prise de risque (<em>Risk-Taking<\/em>), la propension \u00e0 la violence (<em>Violence<\/em>), la domination interpersonnelle (<em>Dominance<\/em>), le comportement de s\u00e9ducteur volage ou playboy (<em>Playboy<\/em>), l&rsquo;autosuffisance (<em>Self-Reliance<\/em>), la primaut\u00e9 absolue du travail (<em>Primacy of Work<\/em>), le pouvoir sur les femmes (<em>Power Over Women<\/em>), le d\u00e9dain pour les homosexuels (<em>Disdain for Homosexuals<\/em>) et la qu\u00eate de statut social (<em>Pursuit of Status<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Les participants r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle de Likert en quatre points oscillant de \u00ab Fortement en d\u00e9saccord \u00bb (<em>Strongly Disagree<\/em>) \u00e0 \u00ab Fortement d&rsquo;accord \u00bb (<em>Strongly Agree<\/em>), permettant d&rsquo;\u00e9viter le biais de tendance centrale induit par un point neutre. Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques initiales document\u00e9es par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1524-9220.4.1.3\">Mahalik et al. (2003)<\/a> attestent d&rsquo;une coh\u00e9rence interne globale exceptionnelle (&alpha; = 0,94) et de coefficients satisfaisants \u00e0 excellents pour les onze sous-\u00e9chelles, s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnant de 0,72 (Qu\u00eate de statut) \u00e0 0,91 (Contr\u00f4le \u00e9motionnel). La structure factorielle a \u00e9t\u00e9 consolid\u00e9e par des mod\u00e9lisations en \u00e9quations structurelles et des analyses factorielles confirmatoires ult\u00e9rieures (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015481\">Parent &amp; Moradi, 2009<\/a>). Largement mobilis\u00e9 en <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_clinique\">psychologie clinique<\/a>, en <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_sociale\">psychologie sociale<\/a> et en sant\u00e9 publique, le CMNI met en lumi\u00e8re les corr\u00e9lations \u00e9troites unissant la sur-conformit\u00e9 \u00e0 certaines normes masculines aux r\u00e9ticences face aux demandes d&rsquo;aide psychologique, aux comportements \u00e0 risque pour la sant\u00e9 physique, \u00e0 la d\u00e9tresse psychologique et aux attitudes sexistes.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Conformit\u00e9 aux normes masculines, CMNI, masculinit\u00e9 h\u00e9g\u00e9monique, r\u00f4les de genre, contr\u00f4le \u00e9motionnel, autosuffisance, sexisme ambivalent, psychologie des hommes, sant\u00e9 mentale masculine, \u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique, comportements \u00e0 risque, socialisation de genre.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs<\/h2>\n<p>Le <em>Conformity to Male Norms Inventory<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et valid\u00e9 par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs dirig\u00e9e par le Professeur <strong>James R. Mahalik<\/strong> au sein du D\u00e9partement de psychologie du conseil, du d\u00e9veloppement et de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation de la Lynch School of Education au <em>Boston College<\/em> (Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, \u00c9tats-Unis).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>James R. Mahalik, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur de psychologie au Boston College. Sp\u00e9cialiste reconnu internationalement des questions de genre, de sant\u00e9 masculine et de processus th\u00e9rapeutiques adapt\u00e9s aux hommes. Courriel acad\u00e9mique : mahalik@bc.edu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Benjamin D. Locke, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Chercheur et clinicien, affili\u00e9 lors du d\u00e9veloppement initial au Boston College, ult\u00e9rieurement directeur des services de sant\u00e9 mentale universitaire (Penn State University).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Larry H. Ludlow, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur et m\u00e9thodologue en mesure psychom\u00e9trique et mod\u00e9lisation de Rasch, Boston College.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Matthew A. Diemer, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Contributeur aux travaux empiriques de mod\u00e9lisation factorielle, Boston College (d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Michigan).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Michael Gottfried, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Chercheur associ\u00e9, Boston College.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ryan P. Scott, M.A.<\/strong> : Chercheur associ\u00e9, Boston College.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gary Freitas, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Psychologue clinicien et chercheur associ\u00e9, Boston College.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du <strong>Conformity to Male Norms Inventory (CMNI)<\/strong> est d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnaliser et de quantifier l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 avec laquelle un individu internalise, adopte et manifeste les normes comportementales, affectives et cognitives prescrites aux hommes dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s occidentales contemporaines. Contrairement aux outils historiques ax\u00e9s sur les traits de personnalit\u00e9 instrumentaux versus expressifs (comme le <em>Bem Sex-Role Inventory<\/em> ou le <em>Personal Attributes Questionnaire<\/em>), le CMNI ne con\u00e7oit pas la masculinit\u00e9 comme une disposition psychologique interne statique, mais comme un ensemble complexe de conduites socialement norm\u00e9es issues de la socialisation diff\u00e9rentielle et des pressions de conformit\u00e9 du groupe de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le domaine de la recherche empirique, le CMNI permet de dissocier les effets diff\u00e9rentiels des multiples facettes de la masculinit\u00e9 sur une multitude de variables d\u00e9pendantes. Les donn\u00e9es accumul\u00e9es depuis deux d\u00e9cennies indiquent que toutes les normes masculines ne produisent pas les m\u00eames cons\u00e9quences psychologiques ou interpersonnelles : alors que certaines dimensions comme la primaut\u00e9 du travail ou la recherche de la victoire peuvent \u00eatre corr\u00e9l\u00e9es \u00e0 une motivation d&rsquo;accomplissement \u00e9lev\u00e9e, d&rsquo;autres dimensions telles que l&rsquo;extr\u00eame contr\u00f4le \u00e9motionnel, le d\u00e9dain pour les homosexuels, le pouvoir sur les femmes et l&rsquo;autosuffisance farouche sont des pr\u00e9dicteurs majeurs de d\u00e9tresse psychologique, d&rsquo;isolement social, d&rsquo;abus de substances et de violences interpersonnelles.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan clinique, l&rsquo;inventaire sert d&rsquo;adjuvant diagnostique et psycho\u00e9ducatif pr\u00e9cieux (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.20129\">Mahalik et al., 2005<\/a>). Il offre aux th\u00e9rapeutes une cartographie d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du profil de socialisation masculine du patient. Les hommes consultant pour d\u00e9pression ou anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sentent fr\u00e9quemment ce que la litt\u00e9rature nomme un \u00ab conflit de r\u00f4le de genre \u00bb ou une \u00ab souche li\u00e9e au r\u00f4le de genre \u00bb (<em>gender role strain<\/em>). Le CMNI permet d&rsquo;identifier pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les points de blocage : par exemple, un score tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 en autosuffisance (<em>Self-Reliance<\/em>) explique l&rsquo;ambivalence massive ou le retard prolong\u00e9 avant d&rsquo;initier une psychoth\u00e9rapie ; un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 en contr\u00f4le \u00e9motionnel (<em>Emotional Control<\/em>) \u00e9claire les difficult\u00e9s de verbalisation des affects (alexithymie secondaire) et l&rsquo;expression somatique de la d\u00e9tresse ; enfin, des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s sur le pouvoir sur les femmes ou la violence permettent d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer les risques relationnels et conjugaux. L&rsquo;outil fournit ainsi un cadre neutre et empiriquement fond\u00e9 pour explorer comment les injonctions culturelles (\u00ab un homme ne pleure pas \u00bb, \u00ab un homme doit se d\u00e9brouiller seul \u00bb) entravent le fonctionnement adaptatif et le bien-\u00eatre subjectif.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique<\/h2>\n<p>Le CMNI op\u00e9rationnalise la masculinit\u00e9 sous la forme de onze construits factoriels orthogonaux ou mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment corr\u00e9l\u00e9s, chacun repr\u00e9sentant un script normatif dominant identifi\u00e9 dans la culture occidentale :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Primaut\u00e9 de la victoire (<em>Winning &#8211; WIN<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure l&rsquo;imp\u00e9ratif cat\u00e9gorique de vaincre, d&rsquo;exceller et de triompher dans les situations comp\u00e9titives, professionnelles, sportives ou personnelles. La r\u00e9ussite est per\u00e7ue comme la seule mesure valable de la valeur individuelle. L&rsquo;\u00e9chec n&rsquo;est pas tol\u00e9r\u00e9 et perdre est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 une humiliation profonde. L&rsquo;item repr\u00e9sentatif \u00ab <em>Winning isn&rsquo;t everything, it&rsquo;s the only thing<\/em> \u00bb capture la rigidit\u00e9 de cette exigence.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Contr\u00f4le \u00e9motionnel (<em>Emotional Control &#8211; EMOC<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette norme enjoint les hommes \u00e0 r\u00e9primer, masquer ou \u00e9touffer l&rsquo;expression de leurs \u00e9motions de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 (tristesse, peur, anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, tendresse). L&rsquo;individu se conforme \u00e0 l&rsquo;id\u00e9al de sto\u00efcisme et de neutralit\u00e9 impassible, assimilant le d\u00e9voilement \u00e9motionnel \u00e0 une faiblesse r\u00e9dhibitoire (ex. : \u00ab <em>It is best to keep your emotions hidden<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>I prefer to stay unemotional<\/em> \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h3>3. Prise de risque (<em>Risk-Taking &#8211; RISK<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Le mandat de prise de risque valorise l&rsquo;exposition d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 des dangers physiques, financiers ou sociaux pour affirmer son courage et sa t\u00e9m\u00e9rit\u00e9. Cette norme sous-tend fr\u00e9quemment la conduite automobile dangereuse, la pratique de sports extr\u00eames sans protection et la consommation de substances psychotropes (ex. : \u00ab <em>Taking dangerous risks helps me to prove myself<\/em> \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h3>4. Violence (<em>Violence &#8211; VIOL<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension refl\u00e8te la croyance selon laquelle l&rsquo;agression physique et la violence verbale ou corporelle constituent des r\u00e9ponses l\u00e9gitimes, honorables ou obligatoires face aux conflits, provocations ou menaces contre l&rsquo;honneur personnel (ex. : \u00ab <em>I am willing to get into a physical fight if necessary<\/em> \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h3>5. Domination (<em>Dominance &#8211; DOM<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>La norme de domination mesure le besoin d&rsquo;exercer un ascendant, un contr\u00f4le et une autorit\u00e9 directs sur autrui dans les interactions sociales interpersonnelles. L&rsquo;homme dominant exige d&rsquo;imposer sa volont\u00e9 et de commander aux autres (ex. : \u00ab <em>I should be in charge<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>In general, I must get my way<\/em> \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h3>6. S\u00e9ducteur \/ Playboy (<em>Playboy &#8211; PLAY<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit traduit la qu\u00eate de partenaires sexuelles multiples sans investissement affectif, valorisant les rapports occasionnels au d\u00e9triment de l&rsquo;engagement relationnel monogame. La dissociation entre sexualit\u00e9 et intimit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle y est centrale (ex. : \u00ab <em>If I could, I would frequently change sexual partners<\/em> \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h3>7. Autosuffisance (<em>Self-Reliance &#8211; SELF<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;injonction d&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance radicale dicte que l&rsquo;homme doit r\u00e9soudre seul l&rsquo;ensemble de ses difficult\u00e9s sans jamais solliciter de soutien instrumental ou \u00e9motionnel d&rsquo;autrui. Demander de l&rsquo;aide est conceptualis\u00e9 comme un constat d&rsquo;\u00e9chec ou de d\u00e9pendance indigne (ex. : \u00ab <em>I hate asking for help<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Asking for help is a sign of failure<\/em> \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h3>8. Primaut\u00e9 absolue du travail (<em>Primacy of Work &#8211; WORK<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette norme fait de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 professionnelle, du d\u00e9vouement au travail et du r\u00f4le de pourvoyeur financier l&rsquo;axe central exclusif de l&rsquo;existence et de l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 personnelle, rel\u00e9guant au second plan la vie de famille, les loisirs et la sant\u00e9 (ex. : \u00ab <em>My work is the most important part of my life<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Work comes first<\/em> \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h3>9. Pouvoir sur les femmes (<em>Power Over Women &#8211; POW<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit capture les attitudes patriarcales et sexistes traditionnelles pr\u00e9conisant la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 des hommes sur les femmes, le contr\u00f4le des comportements f\u00e9minins et la subordination sociale ou domestique des femmes (ex. : \u00ab <em>In general, I control the women in my life<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Women should be subservient to men<\/em> \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h3>10. D\u00e9dain pour les homosexuels (<em>Disdain for Homosexuals &#8211; HOMO<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value l&rsquo;intol\u00e9rance envers les personnes homosexuelles, la stigmatisation de l&rsquo;homosexualit\u00e9 masculine et l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 aigu\u00eb ressentie \u00e0 l&rsquo;id\u00e9e d&rsquo;\u00eatre per\u00e7u comme homosexuel, aliment\u00e9e par la volont\u00e9 constante de manifester publiquement son h\u00e9t\u00e9rosexualit\u00e9 (ex. : \u00ab <em>I make sure that people think I am heterosexual<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>It would be awful if people thought I was gay<\/em> \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h3>11. Qu\u00eate de statut social (<em>Pursuit of Status &#8211; POS<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>La recherche de statut renvoie \u00e0 l&rsquo;aspiration imp\u00e9rieuse d&rsquo;acqu\u00e9rir une haute position hi\u00e9rarchique, de l&rsquo;importance sociale, du prestige et des symboles ext\u00e9rieurs de r\u00e9ussite reconnus par les pairs (ex. : \u00ab <em>It feels good to be important<\/em> \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\n<p>Le CMNI s&rsquo;inscrit au confluent de deux courants th\u00e9oriques majeurs de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_du_genre\">psychologie du genre<\/a> et de la sociologie critique : le <strong>paradigme de la souche li\u00e9e au r\u00f4le de genre<\/strong> (<em>Gender Role Strain Paradigm<\/em> ; <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.50.3.164\">Pleck, 1995<\/a>) et la th\u00e9orie de la <strong>masculinit\u00e9 h\u00e9g\u00e9monique<\/strong> (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R._W._Connell\">Connell, 1995<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Dans la perspective de Joseph Pleck, le mod\u00e8le biologique ou essentialiste classique du genre (qui postule qu&rsquo;une identit\u00e9 masculine saine d\u00e9coule naturellement de la possession de traits typiquement masculins) est fondamentalement erron\u00e9. Pleck avance que les r\u00f4les de genre sont des constructions sociales contradictoires, instables et coercitives. Les individus subissent trois types de tensions : la souche de divergence (lorsqu&rsquo;un individu \u00e9choue \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux normes), la souche de traumatisme (d\u00e9coulant des blessures psychiques subies au cours du processus d&rsquo;endoctrinement au r\u00f4le) et la souche de dysfonctionnement (lorsque la conformit\u00e9 r\u00e9ussie au r\u00f4le produit des cons\u00e9quences intrins\u00e8quement n\u00e9fastes pour l&rsquo;individu et son entourage, comme l&rsquo;agressivit\u00e9 ou la r\u00e9pression affective). Mahalik et ses coll\u00e8gues ont op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9 ces pressions normatives en mod\u00e9lisant comment les hommes naviguent entre conformit\u00e9, non-conformit\u00e9 et hyper-conformit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Parall\u00e8lement, la th\u00e9orie sociologique de Raewyn Connell fournit le fondement structurel du CMNI. Connell d\u00e9finit la masculinit\u00e9 h\u00e9g\u00e9monique comme la configuration de pratiques de genre qui garantit la position dominante des hommes et la subordination des femmes, tout en marginalisant les masculinit\u00e9s non conformes (notamment homosexuelles). Le CMNI capte pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ces m\u00e9canismes d&rsquo;h\u00e9g\u00e9monie \u00e0 travers ses \u00e9chelles de <em>Power Over Women<\/em>, de <em>Dominance<\/em> et de <em>Disdain for Homosexuals<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Enfin, sur le plan cognitif et comportemental, le CMNI s&rsquo;appuie sur la <em>Social Norms Theory<\/em> et les travaux d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Bandura\">Albert Bandura<\/a> sur l&rsquo;apprentissage social. Les normes masculines agissent comme des sch\u00e9mas directeurs cognitifs (<em>gender scripts<\/em>) qui filtrent le traitement de l&rsquo;information, guident les attentes interpersonnelles et d\u00e9terminent les strat\u00e9gies de r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle. L&rsquo;inventaire permet ainsi d&rsquo;explorer empiriquement l&rsquo;impact de ces scripts sur la sant\u00e9 globale des hommes.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique du CMNI a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie au moyen d&rsquo;un programme d&rsquo;investigation rigoureux incluant la validit\u00e9 de contenu, la validit\u00e9 de construit, la validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante, ainsi que la validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1524-9220.4.1.3\">Mahalik et al. (2003)<\/a>, la validit\u00e9 convergente a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations positives statistiquement significatives entre les sous-\u00e9chelles du CMNI et d&rsquo;autres \u00e9chelles \u00e9tablies mesurant l&rsquo;id\u00e9ologie de r\u00f4le masculin, telles que la <em>Male Role Norms Scale<\/em> (MRNS) et la <em>Gender Role Conflict Scale<\/em> (GRCS ; O&rsquo;Neil et al., 1986). Notamment, la sous-\u00e9chelle <em>Emotional Control<\/em> corr\u00e8le tr\u00e8s fortement avec la sous-\u00e9chelle <em>Restrictive Emotionality<\/em> de la GRCS (<em>r<\/em> &gt; 0,70). La sous-\u00e9chelle <em>Power Over Women<\/em> d\u00e9montre des corr\u00e9lations \u00e9lev\u00e9es avec les mesures de sexisme hostile de l&rsquo;<em>Ambivalent Sexism Inventory<\/em> (ASI ; Glick &amp; Fiske, 1996).<\/p>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 discriminante a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e par l&rsquo;absence de corr\u00e9lation substantielle entre le score global du CMNI et des traits de personnalit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9raux non li\u00e9s au genre (comme le n\u00e9vrosisme global ou l&rsquo;ouverture \u00e0 l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience) ou des mesures de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale, attestant que le CMNI capture bien un construit distinct d&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion id\u00e9ologique et comportementale plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;une simple tendance \u00e0 l&rsquo;auto-valorisation (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0023837\">Parent et al., 2011<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive et clinique<\/h3>\n<p>Une vaste m\u00e9ta-analyse men\u00e9e par Wong et ses coll\u00e8gues (2017) portant sur 78 \u00e9chantillons et plus de 19 000 participants a consolid\u00e9 la validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive du CMNI. L&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion globale aux normes masculines est associ\u00e9e de fa\u00e7on robuste \u00e0 une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de la sant\u00e9 mentale (anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, d\u00e9pression, d\u00e9tresse globale) et \u00e0 des attitudes n\u00e9gatives vis-\u00e0-vis de la recherche d&rsquo;aide professionnelle (<em>psychological help-seeking<\/em>). De fa\u00e7on frappante, trois normes sp\u00e9cifiques pr\u00e9disent syst\u00e9matiquement les trajectoires de sant\u00e9 mentale les plus d\u00e9favorables : l&rsquo;autosuffisance (<em>Self-Reliance<\/em>), le contr\u00f4le \u00e9motionnel (<em>Emotional Control<\/em>) et le comportement de s\u00e9ducteur (<em>Playboy<\/em>). \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, des dimensions comme la primaut\u00e9 du travail ne pr\u00e9sentent que de faibles associations avec la d\u00e9tresse clinique lorsqu&rsquo;elles sont isol\u00e9es, illustrant la pertinence d&rsquo;une mesure multidimensionnelle diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du CMNI a \u00e9t\u00e9 abondamment document\u00e9e \u00e0 travers l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de sa coh\u00e9rence interne et de sa stabilit\u00e9 temporelle.<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne (&alpha; de Cronbach)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon de d\u00e9rivation initial (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1524-9220.4.1.3\">Mahalik et al., 2003<\/a> ; <em>N<\/em> = 751 hommes), le coefficient alpha de Cronbach pour le score total du CMNI (94 items) a atteint un niveau d&rsquo;excellence remarquable de <strong>&alpha; = 0,94<\/strong>. Les coefficients de coh\u00e9rence interne des 11 sous-\u00e9chelles se r\u00e9partissent comme suit :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Contr\u00f4le \u00e9motionnel (EMOC)<\/strong> : &alpha; = 0,91<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9dain pour les homosexuels (HOMO)<\/strong> : &alpha; = 0,90<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gagner \/ Primaut\u00e9 de la victoire (WIN)<\/strong> : &alpha; = 0,88<\/li>\n<li><strong>S\u00e9ducteur \/ Playboy (PLAY)<\/strong> : &alpha; = 0,88<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pouvoir sur les femmes (POW)<\/strong> : &alpha; = 0,87<\/li>\n<li><strong>Autosuffisance (SELF)<\/strong> : &alpha; = 0,85<\/li>\n<li><strong>Violence (VIOL)<\/strong> : &alpha; = 0,84<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prise de risque (RISK)<\/strong> : &alpha; = 0,82<\/li>\n<li><strong>Primaut\u00e9 du travail (WORK)<\/strong> : &alpha; = 0,76<\/li>\n<li><strong>Domination (DOM)<\/strong> : &alpha; = 0,73<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u00eate de statut (POS)<\/strong> : &alpha; = 0,72<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle sur un intervalle de 2 \u00e0 4 semaines a mis en \u00e9vidence des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation test-retest oscillant entre 0,76 et 0,91 pour les diff\u00e9rentes sous-\u00e9chelles, et de 0,93 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle globale. Ces donn\u00e9es confirment que bien que la conformit\u00e9 aux normes soit sensible aux contextes environnementaux, elle refl\u00e8te une configuration stable de croyances et d&rsquo;habitudes comportementales chez l&rsquo;adulte jeune et d&rsquo;\u00e2ge m\u00fbr.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture psychom\u00e9trique du CMNI s&rsquo;appuie sur une d\u00e9marche rigoureuse combinant analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE), mod\u00e9lisation par la th\u00e9orie de r\u00e9ponse aux items (mod\u00e8le de Rasch) et analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC).<\/p>\n<h3>D\u00e9veloppement initial et structure factorielle (Mahalik et al., 2003)<\/h3>\n<p>La cr\u00e9ation de l&rsquo;outil a d\u00e9but\u00e9 par la formulation d&rsquo;un ensemble exhaustif de plus de 300 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;une analyse syst\u00e9matique de la litt\u00e9rature sociologique et psychologique sur les normes de masculinit\u00e9. Une premi\u00e8re r\u00e9duction a permis de retenir 140 items soumis \u00e0 une AFE avec rotation oblique (Promax), refl\u00e9tant l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se de corr\u00e9lations naturelles entre diverses facettes normatives. Onze facteurs coh\u00e9rents ont \u00e9merg\u00e9 avec des valeurs propres (<em>eigenvalues<\/em>) sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 1,5, expliquant une part substantielle de la variance totale. Une mod\u00e9lisation de Rasch compl\u00e9mentaire men\u00e9e par Larry Ludlow a permis d&rsquo;optimiser l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de r\u00e9ponse et de s&rsquo;assurer de l&rsquo;invariance de mesure des items le long du continuum latent, conduisant \u00e0 la s\u00e9lection d\u00e9finitive des 94 items.<\/p>\n<h3>Analyses factorielles confirmatoires et formes abr\u00e9g\u00e9es (Parent &amp; Moradi, 2009, 2011)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans une r\u00e9\u00e9valuation m\u00e9thodologique majeure, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015481\">Parent et Moradi (2009)<\/a> ont test\u00e9 la structure du CMNI-94 via des analyses factorielles confirmatoires (AFC). Bien que confirmant la pertinence th\u00e9orique des 11 facteurs de premier ordre, l&rsquo;AFC a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que certains items du format original pr\u00e9sentaient des saturations crois\u00e9es ou des redondances r\u00e9siduelles. En r\u00e9ponse, Parent et Moradi ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 et valid\u00e9 le <strong>CMNI-46<\/strong> (46 items), puis le <strong>CMNI-22<\/strong>, conservant les dimensions cardinales avec des indices d&rsquo;ajustement excellents (CFI &gt; 0,95 ; RMSEA &le; 0,05 ; SRMR &le; 0,06). Ces travaux ont d\u00e9finitivement valid\u00e9 la solidit\u00e9 conceptuelle des 11 dimensions tout en offrant des options modulaires pour la recherche \u00e0 large \u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure<\/h2>\n<p>Le CMNI est un auto-questionnaire standardis\u00e9 administrable sur support papier-crayon ou par voie informatique en ligne. Ses caract\u00e9ristiques structurelles se r\u00e9sument ainsi :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Format du questionnaire :<\/strong> Auto-\u00e9valuation quantitative (94 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s r\u00e9dig\u00e9s \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne du singulier ou sous forme de prescriptions normatives).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert ordinale \u00e0 4 points sans point neutre, pr\u00e9venant l&rsquo;ind\u00e9cision d\u00e9fensive :\n<ul>\n<li><em>Strongly Disagree<\/em> (Fortement en d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li><em>Disagree<\/em> (En d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li><em>Agree<\/em> (D&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li><em>Strongly Agree<\/em> (Fortement d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 94 items dans la version princeps int\u00e9grale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Structure des sous-\u00e9chelles :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Winning<\/em> (Items orient\u00e9s vers le gain et le rejet de la d\u00e9faite)<\/li>\n<li><em>Emotional Control<\/em> (Items mesurant la retenue ou le partage affectif)<\/li>\n<li><em>Risk-Taking<\/em> (Items \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;attrait ou le refus du danger)<\/li>\n<li><em>Violence<\/em> (Items mesurant l&rsquo;acceptabilit\u00e9 de la confrontation physique)<\/li>\n<li><em>Dominance<\/em> (Items \u00e9valuant la volont\u00e9 de commander et diriger autrui)<\/li>\n<li><em>Playboy<\/em> (Items ax\u00e9s sur la multiplicit\u00e9 des conqu\u00eates et le refus de l&rsquo;engagement)<\/li>\n<li><em>Self-Reliance<\/em> (Items mesurant le rejet de l&rsquo;aide et l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance totale)<\/li>\n<li><em>Primacy of Work<\/em> (Items jaugeant la priorit\u00e9 absolue accord\u00e9e au labeur)<\/li>\n<li><em>Power Over Women<\/em> (Items mesurant l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion au contr\u00f4le patriarcal)<\/li>\n<li><em>Disdain for Homosexuals<\/em> (Items mesurant l&rsquo;homophobie et la pr\u00e9servation de l&rsquo;h\u00e9t\u00e9ronormativit\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li><em>Pursuit of Status<\/em> (Items \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;importance conf\u00e9r\u00e9e au prestige et au statut social)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et inversion :<\/strong> L&rsquo;inventaire contient de nombreux items invers\u00e9s (ex. : 4, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42, 49, 50, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 63, 67, 68, 71, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 84, 90, 92) qui doivent \u00eatre recod\u00e9s avant le calcul des scores dimensionnels. Les scores sont calcul\u00e9s par sous-\u00e9chelle sous forme de moyennes ou de scores bruts cumul\u00e9s, un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u00e9notant une plus grande conformit\u00e9 \u00e0 la norme consid\u00e9r\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps de passation estim\u00e9 :<\/strong> 15 \u00e0 20 minutes pour la passation compl\u00e8te de la version 94 items.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 2003 (premi\u00e8re publication psychom\u00e9trique par l&rsquo;<em>American Psychological Association<\/em> dans la revue <em>Psychology of Men &amp; Masculinity<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9tenteurs des droits et statut l\u00e9gal :<\/strong> Copyright &copy; 2003 d\u00e9tenu par l&rsquo;American Psychological Association (APA) et les auteurs originaux (James R. Mahalik et al.).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs et accessibilit\u00e9 acad\u00e9mique :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument est mis \u00e0 disposition gratuitement \u00e0 des fins de recherche scientifique non commerciale et d&rsquo;enseignement universitaire. Les chercheurs souhaitant administrer le CMNI peuvent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement reproduire les items en citant fid\u00e8lement l&rsquo;article princeps de 2003.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Utilisation commerciale ou clinique institutionnelle :<\/strong> Toute int\u00e9gration de l&rsquo;instrument dans une application logicielle commerciale, un programme payant de diagnostic en entreprise ou une publication \u00e9ditoriale lucrative requiert l&rsquo;autorisation formelle pr\u00e9alable du service des droits de reproduction de l&rsquo;APA (<em>APA Permissions Department<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<p>Les sources acad\u00e9miques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence relatives au d\u00e9veloppement, \u00e0 la validation et aux d\u00e9clinaisons du CMNI sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es ci-dessous selon les normes APA (7e \u00e9dition) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Connell, R. W. (1995). <em>Masculinities<\/em>. University of California Press.<\/li>\n<li>Glick, P., &amp; Fiske, S. T. (1996). The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 70(3), 491\u2013512. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.70.3.491\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.70.3.491<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mahalik, J. R., Locke, B. D., Ludlow, L. H., Diemer, M. A., Gottfried, M., Scott, R. P., &amp; Freitas, G. (2003). Development of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory. <em>Psychology of Men &amp; Masculinity<\/em>, 4(1), 3\u201325. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1524-9220.4.1.3\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1524-9220.4.1.3<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mahalik, J. R., Locke, B. D., Talmadge, W. T., &amp; Scott, R. P. (2005). Using the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory to work with men in a clinical setting. <em>Journal of Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 61(6), 661\u2013674. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.20129\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.20129<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mahalik, J. R., Morray, E. B., Coonerty-Femiano, A., Ludlow, L. H., Slattery, S. M., &amp; Smiler, A. (2005). Development of the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory. <em>Sex Roles<\/em>, 52(7\u20138), 417\u2013435. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-005-3709-7\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-005-3709-7<\/a><\/li>\n<li>O&rsquo;Neil, J. M., Helms, B. J., Gable, R. K., David, V., &amp; Wrightsman, L. S. (1986). Gender-Role Conflict Scale: College men&rsquo;s fears of femininity. <em>Sex Roles<\/em>, 14(5\u20136), 335\u2013350. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00287583\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00287583<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Parent, M. C., &amp; Moradi, B. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory and the development of the CMNI-46. <em>Psychology of Men &amp; Masculinity<\/em>, 10(3), 175\u2013189. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015481\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015481<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Parent, M. C., &amp; Moradi, B. (2011). An abbreviated tool for assessing conformity to masculine norms: Psychometric properties of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-46. <em>Psychology of Men &amp; Masculinity<\/em>, 12(4), 339\u2013353. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0021904\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0021904<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Parent, M. C., Moradi, B., Rummell, C., &amp; Tokar, D. (2011). Evidence of construct distinctiveness for conformity to masculine norms. <em>Psychology of Men &amp; Masculinity<\/em>, 12(4), 354\u2013367. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0023837\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0023837<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pleck, J. H. (1995). The gender role strain paradigm: An update. In R. F. Levant &amp; W. S. Pollack (Eds.), <em>A new psychology of men<\/em> (pp. 11\u201332). Basic Books.<\/li>\n<li>Thompson, E. H., Jr., &amp; Bennett, K. M. (2015). Measurement of masculinity ideologies: A (critical) review. <em>Psychology of Men &amp; Masculinity<\/em>, 16(2), 115\u2013133. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0038609\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0038609<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wong, Y. J., Ho, M. R., Wang, S. Y., &amp; Miller, I. S. (2017). Meta-analyses of the relationship between conformity to masculine norms and mental health-related outcomes. <em>Journal of Counseling Psychology<\/em>, 64(1), 80\u201393. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cou0000176\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cou0000176<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is best to keep your emotions hidden<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In general\u201a I will do anything to win<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I could\u201a I would frequently change sexual partners<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If there is going to be violence\u201a I find a way to avoid it<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is important to me that people think I am heterosexual<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In general\u201a I must get my way<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Trying to be important is the greatest waste of time<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am often absorbed in my work<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I will only be satisfied when women are equal to men<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I hate asking for help<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Taking dangerous risks helps me to prove myself<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In general\u201a I do not expend a lot of energy trying to win at things<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">An emotional bond with a partner is the best part of sex<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I should take every opportunity to show my feelings<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe that violence is never justified<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being thought of as gay is not a bad thing<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In general\u201a I do not like risky situations<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I should be in ch\u200earge<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Feelings are important to show<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel miserable when work occupies all my attention<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel best about my relationships with women when we are equals<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Winning is not my first priority<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I make sure that people think I am heterosexual<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy taking risks<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am disgusted by any kind of violence<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would hate to be important<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I love to explore my feelings with others<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I could\u201a I would date a lot of different people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I ask for help when I need it<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My work is the most important part of my life<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Winning isn\u2019t everything\u201a it\u2019s the only thing<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I never take chances<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would only have sex if I was in a committed relationship<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like fighting<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I treat women as equals<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I bring up my feelings when talking to others<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be furious if someone thought I was gay<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I only get romantically involved with one person<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t mind losing<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I take risks<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I never do things to be an important person<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It would not bother me at all if someone thought I was gay<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I never share my feelings<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Sometimes violent action is necessary<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Asking for help is a sign of failure<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In general\u201a I control the women in my life<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would feel good if I had many sexual partners<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is important for me to win<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t like giving all my attention to work<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel uncomfortable when others see me as important<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It would be awful if people thought I was gay<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to talk about my feelings<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I never ask for help<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">More often than not\u201a losing does not bother me<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is foolish to take risks<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Work is not the most important thing in my life<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Men and women should respect each other as equals<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Long term relationships are better than casual sexual encounters<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ha\u200eving status is not very important to me<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I frequently put myself in risky situations<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women should be subservient to men<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am willing to get into a physical fight if necessary<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like ha\u200eving gay friends<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel good when work is my first priority<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I tend to keep my feelings to myself<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Emotional involvement should be avoided when ha\u200eving sex<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Winning is not important to me<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Violence is almost never justified<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am comfortable trying to get my way<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am happiest when I&#039;m risking danger<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Men should not have power over women<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It would be enjoyable to date more than one person at a time<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">73<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would feel uncomfortable if someone thought I was gay<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">74<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am not ashamed to ask for help<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">75<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The best feeling in the world comes from winning<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">76<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Work comes first<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">77<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I tend to share my feelings<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">78<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like emotional involvement in a romantic relationship<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">79<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">No matter what the situation I would never act violently<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">80<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If someone thought I was gay\u201a I would not argue with them about it<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">81<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Things tend to be better when men are in ch\u200earge<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">82<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I prefer to be safe and careful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">83<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A person shouldn&#039;t get tied down to dating just one person<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">84<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I tend to invest my energy in things other than work<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">85<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It bothers me when I have to ask for help<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">86<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I love it when men are in ch\u200earge of women<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">87<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It feels good to be important<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">88<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I hate it when people ask me to talk about my feelings<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">89<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I work hard to win<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">90<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would only be satisfied with sex if there was an emotional bond<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">91<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to avoid being perceived as gay<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">92<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I hate any kind of risk<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">93<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I prefer to stay unemotional<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">94<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I make sure people do as I say<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9couvrez le Conformity to Male Norms Inventory (CMNI) de Mahalik et al. (2003) : cadre th\u00e9orique, 11 dimensions de la masculinit\u00e9 h\u00e9g\u00e9monique, validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique et les 94 items authentiques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[3,154,2],"tags":[24383,20423,16131,10379,16,241,24384,24123],"class_list":["post-15438","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-psychologie-clinique","category-psychologie-sociale","category-psychometrie","tag-cmni","tag-controle-emotionnel","tag-james-mahalik","tag-masculinite","tag-psychometrie","tag-roles-de-genre","tag-sante-mentale-masculine","tag-sexisme"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/15438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15438"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/15438\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}