{"id":15426,"date":"2026-10-09T01:06:59","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T01:06:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/inventaire-des-attitudes-envers-le-genre-gai\/"},"modified":"2026-10-09T01:06:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T01:06:59","slug":"inventaire-des-attitudes-envers-le-genre-gai","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=inventaire-des-attitudes-envers-le-genre-gai","title":{"rendered":"Inventaire des attitudes envers le genre (GAI)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Inventaire des attitudes envers le genre<\/strong> (<em>Gender Attitude Inventory<\/em>, GAI), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Richard D. Ashmore, Frances K. Del Boca et S. M. Bilder en 1995, constitue un instrument psychom\u00e9trique multidimensionnel con\u00e7u pour \u00e9valuer de mani\u00e8re exhaustive l&rsquo;\u00e9ventail des croyances, des valeurs et des orientations id\u00e9ologiques relatives aux r\u00f4les de genre, aux relations entre les sexes et \u00e0 l&rsquo;organisation sociopolitique des rapports de pouvoir. Contrairement aux \u00e9chelles unidimensionnelles traditionnelles qui r\u00e9duisaient les attitudes de genre \u00e0 un continuum simpliste allant du traditionalisme au f\u00e9minisme lib\u00e9ral, le GAI op\u00e9rationnalise la complexit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;id\u00e9ologie de genre \u00e0 travers 109 items regroup\u00e9s en 14 sous-\u00e9chelles de premier ordre et 3 domaines de second ordre : les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes de genre (<em>Stereotypes<\/em>), les relations sexuelles et affectives (<em>Sexual Relationships<\/em>) et l&rsquo;organisation soci\u00e9tale (<em>Societal Organization<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Les quatorze sous-\u00e9chelles capturent des construits hautement diff\u00e9renci\u00e9s, incluant l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 f\u00e9minine, l&rsquo;acceptation des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes traditionnels, la condamnation de l&rsquo;homosexualit\u00e9, la d\u00e9sapprobation de l&rsquo;initiative sexuelle f\u00e9minine, la d\u00e9sapprobation de la sexualit\u00e9 occasionnelle chez la femme, l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 la chevalerie, l&rsquo;acceptation de la violence h\u00e9t\u00e9rosexuelle masculine, l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion aux r\u00f4les familiaux traditionnels, la croyance en la division diff\u00e9rentielle du travail, le rejet du leadership politique f\u00e9minin, l&rsquo;opposition aux droits des femmes, l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l&rsquo;action individuelle, l&rsquo;opposition aux services de garde subventionn\u00e9s et l&rsquo;opposition \u00e0 l&rsquo;avortement. Les participants r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle de Likert en 7 points allant de 1 (<em>fortement d&rsquo;accord \/ strongly agree<\/em>) \u00e0 7 (<em>fortement en d\u00e9saccord \/ strongly disagree<\/em>). Les analyses psychom\u00e9triques d\u00e9montrent une consistance interne robuste, avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach variant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de 0,65 \u00e0 0,96 selon les sous-\u00e9chelles et le genre des participants, ainsi qu&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 de construit remarquable confirm\u00e9e par des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Attitudes de genre, st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes de genre, sexisme, psychom\u00e9trie, r\u00f4les de genre, relations entre les sexes, leadership f\u00e9minin, attitudes sociopolitiques, validation d&rsquo;\u00e9chelle, id\u00e9ologie de genre.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;Inventaire des attitudes envers le genre a \u00e9t\u00e9 conceptualis\u00e9 et valid\u00e9 par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs de premier plan en psychologie sociale :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Richard D. Ashmore, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite au D\u00e9partement de psychologie de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Rutgers (<em>Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey<\/em>, New Brunswick, NJ, \u00c9tats-Unis). Sp\u00e9cialiste reconnu de l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 sociale, de la cognition sociale et de la psychologie des relations intergroupes et de genre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Frances K. Del Boca, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Chercheuse et professeure affili\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Rutgers et au <em>National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism<\/em>. Ses travaux portent sur les repr\u00e9sentations cognitives du genre, les st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes implicites et explicites, et les m\u00e9thodologies quantitatives appliqu\u00e9es \u00e0 la psychologie sociale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>S. M. Bilder, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Chercheuse associ\u00e9e au D\u00e9partement de psychologie de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Rutgers, ayant contribu\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on d\u00e9terminante aux analyses psychom\u00e9triques et \u00e0 la standardisation de l&rsquo;inventaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du <em>Gender Attitude Inventory<\/em> (GAI) est de combler les lacunes th\u00e9oriques et m\u00e9thodologiques des instruments d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s durant les ann\u00e9es 1970, notamment l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attitudes_Toward_Women_Scale\">Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS)<\/a> de Spence et Helmreich. Bien que pionni\u00e8res, ces premi\u00e8res \u00e9chelles postulaient une dimensionnalit\u00e9 bipolaire unique opposant un p\u00f4le conservateur\/traditionnel \u00e0 un p\u00f4le lib\u00e9ral\/\u00e9galitaire. Or, les recherches en <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_psychology\">psychologie sociale<\/a> ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les individus peuvent simultan\u00e9ment soutenir l&rsquo;\u00e9galit\u00e9 professionnelle des femmes tout en conservant des attentes strictement traditionnelles en mati\u00e8re de dynamique conjugale, de sexualit\u00e9 ou d&rsquo;obligations familiales.<\/p>\n<p>Le GAI a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour capturer la nature multidimensionnelle, fragment\u00e9e et parfois contradictoire des syst\u00e8mes de croyances contemporains sur le genre. Il r\u00e9pond \u00e0 un double imp\u00e9ratif acad\u00e9mique et appliqu\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dans la recherche fondamentale :<\/strong> Permettre une mod\u00e9lisation fine des attitudes sexistes, en distinguant l&rsquo;hostilit\u00e9 manifeste, les mythes li\u00e9s au viol, la chevalerie bienveillante et les orientations id\u00e9ologiques relatives \u00e0 la politique publique (comme le financement public des garderies ou l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l&rsquo;interruption volontaire de grossesse).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dans la recherche appliqu\u00e9e et organisationnelle :<\/strong> \u00c9valuer les obstacles attitudinaux \u00e0 l&rsquo;accession des femmes aux postes de direction politique et d&rsquo;entreprise, diagnostiquer les climats sexistes au sein des organisations et examiner l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des programmes de sensibilisation \u00e0 la diversit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l&rsquo;inclusion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dans le contexte clinique et m\u00e9dico-l\u00e9gal :<\/strong> Servir d&rsquo;outil d&rsquo;investigation pour explorer les sch\u00e9mas cognitifs sous-tendant la violence conjugale, l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion aux mythes entourant les agressions sexuelles et la tol\u00e9rance envers les comportements coercitifs dans les relations de couple.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le GAI appr\u00e9hende l&rsquo;attitude envers le genre comme un construit multidimensionnel structur\u00e9 autour de 14 facettes op\u00e9rationnelles, refl\u00e9tant \u00e0 la fois les attitudes interpersonnelles, les repr\u00e9sentations normatives et les croyances institutionnelles :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 f\u00e9minine (<em>Endorsement of female superiority<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure la tendance \u00e0 percevoir les femmes comme \u00e9tant moralement, affectivement ou humainement sup\u00e9rieures aux hommes (ex. l&rsquo;id\u00e9e que les femmes sont une force cr\u00e9atrice et les hommes une force destructrice). Elle capture une forme d&rsquo;id\u00e9ologie diff\u00e9rentialiste attribuant une puret\u00e9 morale intrins\u00e8que au groupe f\u00e9minin.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Acceptation des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes traditionnels (<em>Acceptance of traditional stereotypes<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Elle \u00e9value le degr\u00e9 auquel un individu adh\u00e8re aux repr\u00e9sentations descriptives et prescriptives conventionnelles associant la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9, l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance et l&rsquo;arrogance aux hommes, et la douceur, la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;abn\u00e9gation aux femmes.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Condamnation de l&rsquo;homosexualit\u00e9 (<em>Condemnation of homosexuality<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle quantifie l&rsquo;homophobie et l&rsquo;h\u00e9t\u00e9ronormativit\u00e9, mesurant le rejet moral, l\u00e9gal et social des relations homosexuelles masculines et lesbiennes comme d\u00e9viations des normes h\u00e9t\u00e9rosexuelles traditionnelles.<\/p>\n<h3>4. D\u00e9sapprobation de l&rsquo;initiative sexuelle f\u00e9minine (<em>Disapproval of female sexual initiative<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Elle examine l&rsquo;attachement aux scripts sexuels traditionnels stipulant que l&rsquo;homme doit initier le contact amoureux et la sexualit\u00e9, tandis que la femme doit adopter une posture de passivit\u00e9 et de r\u00e9ceptivit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>5. D\u00e9sapprobation de la sexualit\u00e9 occasionnelle chez la femme (<em>Disapproval of female casual sex<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante \u00e9value le double standard sexuel p\u00e9nalisant les femmes qui s&rsquo;engagent dans des relations sexuelles sans engagement affectif ou en dehors d&rsquo;une relation amoureuse formelle.<\/p>\n<h3>6. Adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 la chevalerie (<em>Endorsement of chivalry<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Mesurant l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion aux normes de politesse et de protection masculine (portes ouvertes, protection physique, \u00e9vacuation prioritaire), cette sous-\u00e9chelle pr\u00e9figure le concept de sexisme bienveillant d\u00e9fini par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ambivalent_sexism\">Glick et Fiske (1996)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>7. Acceptation de la violence h\u00e9t\u00e9rosexuelle masculine (<em>Acceptance of male heterosexual violence<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Elle mesure la tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard des violences conjugales et l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion aux mythes du viol (bl\u00e2mer la victime, pr\u00e9sumer une provocation par la tenue ou le comportement, banaliser la coercition masculine).<\/p>\n<h3>8. Adh\u00e9sion aux r\u00f4les familiaux traditionnels (<em>Endorsement of family roles<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension examine la conviction que la sph\u00e8re domestique et l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation des enfants incombent prioritairement \u00e0 la femme, tandis que l&rsquo;homme doit assumer le r\u00f4le de pourvoyeur financier et de d\u00e9cideur principal.<\/p>\n<h3>9. Croyance en la division diff\u00e9rentielle du travail (<em>Belief in differential work roles<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Elle \u00e9value la croyance selon laquelle certains m\u00e9tiers devraient \u00eatre ferm\u00e9s ou r\u00e9serv\u00e9s pr\u00e9f\u00e9rentiellement aux hommes en raison de pr\u00e9requis physiques ou d&rsquo;aptitudes intrins\u00e8ques pr\u00e9sum\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h3>10. Rejet du leadership politique f\u00e9minin (<em>Rejection of female political leadership<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle cible la r\u00e9ticence \u00e0 voir des femmes acc\u00e9der aux plus hautes fonctions politiques (pr\u00e9sidence, gouvernement) en invoquant des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes d&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle.<\/p>\n<h3>11. Opposition aux droits des femmes (<em>Opposition to women&rsquo;s rights<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Elle mesure l&rsquo;hostilit\u00e9 envers le mouvement de lib\u00e9ration des femmes, le scepticisme envers l&rsquo;<em>Equal Rights Amendment<\/em> et la n\u00e9gation des discriminations syst\u00e9miques subies par les femmes.<\/p>\n<h3>12. Adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l&rsquo;action individuelle (<em>Endorsement of individual action<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension capture l&rsquo;id\u00e9ologie m\u00e9ritocratique lib\u00e9rale affirmant que les femmes doivent surmonter les obstacles par leurs seuls efforts personnels, rejetant ainsi les actions collectives ou les r\u00e9formes structurelles.<\/p>\n<h3>13. Opposition aux services de garde subventionn\u00e9s (<em>Opposition to funded day care<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Elle quantifie la r\u00e9sistance politique et financi\u00e8re envers la prise en charge publique des garderies pour les m\u00e8res qui travaillent.<\/p>\n<h3>14. Opposition \u00e0 l&rsquo;avortement (<em>Opposition to abortion<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante \u00e9value le conservatisme moral et juridique limitant l&rsquo;autonomie reproductive des femmes et assimilant l&rsquo;avortement \u00e0 un crime.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le cadre th\u00e9orique du GAI s&rsquo;inscrit au confluent de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_role_theory\">th\u00e9orie des r\u00f4les sociaux<\/a> d&rsquo;Alice Eagly (1987) et des mod\u00e8les de cognition sociale d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par Ashmore et Del Boca (1981, 1986). Selon ces perspectives, le genre n&rsquo;est pas simplement une variable biologique ou d\u00e9mographique, mais un syst\u00e8me symbolique et sociostructurel fondamental qui organise les interactions humaines, la r\u00e9partition des ressources et l&rsquo;auto-d\u00e9finition psychologique.<\/p>\n<p>Ashmore et Del Boca articulent leur instrument autour de la distinction cruciale entre les <em>croyances descriptives<\/em> (ce que les hommes et les femmes sont cens\u00e9s \u00eatre) et les <em>croyances prescriptives<\/em> (ce que les hommes et les femmes doivent \u00eatre ou faire). Les attitudes envers le genre sont con\u00e7ues comme des structures de sch\u00e9mas cognitifs interconnect\u00e9s mais distincts. Un individu peut parfaitement int\u00e9grer un changement normatif dans un domaine (par exemple, accepter qu&rsquo;une femme travaille en dehors du foyer) tout en maintenant des sch\u00e9mas profond\u00e9ment conservateurs dans d&rsquo;autres sph\u00e8res (par exemple, exiger la primaut\u00e9 d\u00e9cisionnelle de l&rsquo;\u00e9poux ou adh\u00e9rer aux mythes minimisant la gravit\u00e9 du viol).<\/p>\n<p>Ce mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique a \u00e9galement anticip\u00e9 la th\u00e9orie du <em>sexisme ambivalent<\/em> (Glick &amp; Fiske, 1996). En int\u00e9grant des sous-\u00e9chelles consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 la chevalerie et \u00e0 la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 morale des femmes, Ashmore et ses collaborateurs ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les attitudes envers les femmes ne se r\u00e9sument pas \u00e0 une antipathie ouverte (sexisme hostile), mais incluent des sentiments protecteurs condescendants qui renforcent indirectement la subordination des femmes en les cantonnant \u00e0 des r\u00f4les de d\u00e9pendance.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques du GAI ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9es \u00e0 travers plusieurs \u00e9chantillons d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants universitaires et d&rsquo;adultes au cours de programmes de validation rigoureux men\u00e9s par Ashmore, Del Boca et Bilder (1995) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Validit\u00e9 de construit :<\/strong> L&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance relative des 14 facteurs d\u00e9montre que l&rsquo;attitude envers le genre ne peut \u00eatre r\u00e9duite \u00e0 un score global unitaire sans une perte substantielle d&rsquo;information clinique et th\u00e9orique. Les corr\u00e9lations inter-\u00e9chelles mod\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 fortes soutiennent la pr\u00e9sence de sous-domaines distincts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Validit\u00e9 convergente :<\/strong> Les sous-\u00e9chelles du GAI pr\u00e9sentent de fortes corr\u00e9lations positives avec des instruments \u00e9tablis, tels que l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle des r\u00f4les sexuels traditionnels (<em>Traditional Sex Role Scale<\/em>) et les versions abr\u00e9g\u00e9es de l&rsquo;<em>Attitudes Toward Women Scale<\/em> (AWS). Par exemple, la sous-\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;opposition aux droits des femmes et celle de l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion aux r\u00f4les familiaux corr\u00e8lent fortement (<em>r<\/em> &gt; 0,60) avec les scores de conservatisme de l&rsquo;AWS.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Validit\u00e9 discriminante :<\/strong> Le GAI se distingue clairement des mesures de conservatisme politique g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ou d&rsquo;autoritarisme de droite (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Right-wing_authoritarianism\">RWA<\/a>). Bien que corr\u00e9l\u00e9 avec ces orientations, le GAI explique une variance incr\u00e9mentielle significative lors de la pr\u00e9diction des jugements port\u00e9s sur des candidates politiques ou des victimes d&rsquo;agression sexuelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Validit\u00e9 diff\u00e9rentielle selon le genre :<\/strong> Les hommes obtiennent syst\u00e9matiquement des scores significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s que les femmes sur l&rsquo;acceptation de la violence h\u00e9t\u00e9rosexuelle masculine, le rejet du leadership politique f\u00e9minin et la d\u00e9sapprobation de l&rsquo;initiative sexuelle des femmes, validant la sensibilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument aux asym\u00e9tries de genre dans l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion au statu quo patriarcal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du GAI a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e au moyen du coefficient de coh\u00e9rence interne <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cronbach%27s_alpha\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a>, calcul\u00e9 s\u00e9par\u00e9ment pour les hommes et les femmes lors de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de standardisation :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 f\u00e9minine :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,74 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,79 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acceptation des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes traditionnels :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,86 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,83 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Condamnation de l&rsquo;homosexualit\u00e9 :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,90 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,91 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9sapprobation de l&rsquo;initiative sexuelle f\u00e9minine :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,74 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,79 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9sapprobation de la sexualit\u00e9 occasionnelle chez la femme :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,79 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,81 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 la chevalerie :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,84 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,57 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acceptation de la violence h\u00e9t\u00e9rosexuelle masculine :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,96 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,79 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adh\u00e9sion aux r\u00f4les familiaux :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,89 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,76 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Croyance en la division diff\u00e9rentielle du travail :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,87 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,84 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rejet du leadership politique f\u00e9minin :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,94 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,66 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Opposition aux droits des femmes :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,78 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,84 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l&rsquo;action individuelle :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,74 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,65 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Opposition aux services de garde subventionn\u00e9s :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,80 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,79 (femmes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Opposition \u00e0 l&rsquo;avortement :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,83 (hommes) ; &alpha; = 0,79 (femmes)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Au niveau des macro-domaines composites, la fiabilit\u00e9 s&rsquo;av\u00e8re particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9lev\u00e9e : le domaine des <strong>St\u00e9r\u00e9otypes<\/strong> (16 items) affiche un alpha de 0,88 pour les hommes et 0,89 pour les femmes ; le domaine des <strong>Relations sexuelles<\/strong> (14 items) atteint 0,81 (hommes) et 0,86 (femmes) ; enfin, le domaine de l&rsquo;<strong>Organisation soci\u00e9tale<\/strong> (37 items) pr\u00e9sente un alpha exceptionnel de 0,95 chez les hommes et 0,90 chez les femmes. La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest sur un intervalle de quatre semaines s&rsquo;est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e stable (coefficients oscillant entre 0,75 et 0,88 selon les sous-\u00e9chelles).<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement structurel du GAI a repos\u00e9 sur une d\u00e9marche combinant analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) par factorisation en axes principaux avec rotation oblique (Promax), suivies d&rsquo;analyses factorielles confirmatoires (AFC) pour tester la robustesse des mod\u00e8les de mesure hi\u00e9rarchiques.<\/p>\n<p>Les analyses factorielles exploratoires initiales ont confirm\u00e9 que la variance totale des 109 items ne pouvait \u00eatre expliqu\u00e9e par un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral dominant (g-factor). Au contraire, une solution \u00e0 14 facteurs de premier ordre correspondait fid\u00e8lement aux dimensions th\u00e9oriques postul\u00e9es a priori, chaque item pr\u00e9sentant des saturations primaires substantielles (&gt; 0,40) sur son facteur de rattachement et de faibles saturations crois\u00e9es (&lt; 0,25) sur les autres facteurs.<\/p>\n<p>Une analyse factorielle de second ordre sur les corr\u00e9lations inter-factorielles des 14 dimensions a mis en \u00e9vidence trois m\u00e9ta-facteurs stables :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Domaine des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes (<em>Stereotypes<\/em>) :<\/strong> Regroupant l&rsquo;acceptation des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes traditionnels et l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 f\u00e9minine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Domaine des relations sexuelles et affectives (<em>Sexual Relationships<\/em>) :<\/strong> Combinant la d\u00e9sapprobation de l&rsquo;initiative sexuelle f\u00e9minine, le rejet de la sexualit\u00e9 occasionnelle et la condamnation de l&rsquo;homosexualit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Domaine de l&rsquo;organisation soci\u00e9tale (<em>Societal Organization<\/em>) :<\/strong> Englobant la division du travail, les r\u00f4les familiaux, le leadership politique, les droits des femmes, l&rsquo;action individuelle, la politique des garderies, l&rsquo;avortement, la violence masculine et la chevalerie.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Les indices d&rsquo;ajustement confirmatoire obtenus lors des validations crois\u00e9es ont appuy\u00e9 la validit\u00e9 structurale de ce mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique (CFI &gt; 0,90, RMSEA &lt; 0,06), confirmant que le GAI peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 aussi bien au niveau analytique fin (14 sous-\u00e9chelles) qu&rsquo;au niveau synth\u00e9tique (3 domaines majeurs).<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom de l&rsquo;instrument :<\/strong> Inventaire des attitudes envers le genre (<em>Gender Attitude Inventory<\/em> &#8211; GAI).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type de passation :<\/strong> Auto-questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique standardis\u00e9 (papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 109 items.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de type Likert en 7 points : de 1 (<em>fortement d&rsquo;accord \/ strongly agree<\/em>) \u00e0 7 (<em>fortement en d\u00e9saccord \/ strongly disagree<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et inversion :<\/strong> Les items marqu\u00e9s d&rsquo;un ast\u00e9risque (*) dans le protocole original correspondent aux \u00e9nonc\u00e9s formul\u00e9s dans le sens de la dimension mesur\u00e9e. Pour obtenir des scores o\u00f9 une valeur \u00e9lev\u00e9e refl\u00e8te une plus forte adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 l&rsquo;attitude cibl\u00e9e par la sous-\u00e9chelle, les items non marqu\u00e9s (ou invers\u00e9s selon le sens th\u00e9orique de l&rsquo;\u00e9nonc\u00e9) doivent \u00eatre recod\u00e9s num\u00e9riquement (score recod\u00e9 = 8 &#8211; score brut).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcul des scores :<\/strong> Un score moyen ou un score sommatif peut \u00eatre calcul\u00e9 ind\u00e9pendamment pour chacune des 14 sous-\u00e9chelles, ou pour les 3 macro-domaines composites. Il n&rsquo;est pas recommand\u00e9 de calculer un score global total unique sans distinction des sous-dimensions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 1995 (avec des travaux pr\u00e9paratoires circulant sous forme de manuscrits depuis 1987).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle des auteurs (Richard D. Ashmore, Frances K. Del Boca, S. M. Bilder) et de la revue <em>Sex Roles<\/em> (Springer Science+Business Media).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation et tarifs :<\/strong> L&rsquo;inventaire est accessible sans frais pour la recherche acad\u00e9mique, scientifique et non commerciale. Les chercheurs souhaitant administrer l&rsquo;instrument dans leurs \u00e9tudes sont autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 reproduire les items en citant rigoureusement la publication originale de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Toute utilisation \u00e0 vis\u00e9e lucrative, commerciale ou en cabinet de conseil n\u00e9cessite l&rsquo;autorisation formelle pr\u00e9alable des d\u00e9tenteurs des droits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Voici les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences scientifiques fondamentales relatives \u00e0 la conception, \u00e0 la structure th\u00e9orique et \u00e0 la validation du Gender Attitude Inventory :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ashmore, R. D. (1990). Sex, gender, and the individual. In L. A. Pervin (Ed.), <em>Handbook of personality: Theory and research<\/em> (pp. 486\u2013526). Guilford Press.<\/li>\n<li>Ashmore, R. D., &amp; Del Boca, F. K. (1981). Conceptual approaches to stereotypes and stereotyping. In D. L. Hamilton (Ed.), <em>Cognitive processes in stereotyping and intergroup behavior<\/em> (pp. 1\u201335). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<\/li>\n<li>Ashmore, R. D., &amp; Del Boca, F. K. (1986). Toward a social psychology of female-male relations. In R. D. Ashmore &amp; F. K. Del Boca (Eds.), <em>The social psychology of female-male relations: A critical analysis of central concepts<\/em> (pp. 1\u201318). Academic Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-065280-8.50005-2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-065280-8.50005-2<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ashmore, R. D., &amp; Del Boca, F. K. (1987). <em>The development and validation of a structured inventory to assess the multiple components of gender-related verbal attitudes: A progress report<\/em> (Unpublished manuscript). Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.<\/li>\n<li>Ashmore, R. D., Del Boca, F. K., &amp; Bilder, S. M. (1995). Construction and validation of the Gender Attitude Inventory, a structured inventory to assess multiple dimensions of gender attitudes. <em>Sex Roles<\/em>, 32(11\u201312), 753\u2013785. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01560187\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01560187<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ashmore, R. D., Del Boca, F. K., &amp; Wohlers, A. J. (1986). Gender stereotypes. In R. D. Ashmore &amp; F. K. Del Boca (Eds.), <em>The social psychology of female-male relations: A critical analysis of central concepts<\/em> (pp. 69\u2013119). Academic Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-065280-8.50008-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-065280-8.50008-8<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Eagly, A. H. (1987). <em>Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation<\/em>. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<\/li>\n<li>Glick, P., &amp; Fiske, S. T. (1996). An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as mutually reinforcing ideologies. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 70(3), 491\u2013512. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.70.3.491\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.70.3.491<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Spence, J. T., &amp; Helmreich, R. (1972). The Attitudes toward Women Scale: An objective instrument to measure attitudes toward the rights and roles of women in contemporary society. <em>JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology<\/em>, 2, 66.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">On average\u201a women are better than men.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women are a creative force\u201a and men are a destructive force\u201a in the world today.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women are more helpful than men.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Compared to women\u201a men have many undesirable qualities.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women are morally superior to men.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Compared to women\u201a men tend to be cruel.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Men are more competitive than women.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Men are generally more adventurous than women are.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Men are generally more egotistical than women.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">On the average\u201a men are more arrogant than women.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women are more gentle than men.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Men are more independent than women.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Men are more sure of what they can do than women are.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Compared to men\u201a women tend to be gullible.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Compared to men\u201a women are more able to devote themselves completely to others.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Compared to men\u201a women tend to be weak.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Male homosexuality is merely a different kind of life style which should not be condemned.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Just as in other species\u201a male homosexuality is a natural expression of sexuality in human men.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Male homosexuality is a perversion.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">State laws regulating private\u201a consenting lesbian behavior should be loosened.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Female homosexuality is a sin.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Homosexual behavior between two men is just plain wrong.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Female homosexuality itself is no problem\u201a but what society makes of it can be a problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Lesbians just can&#039;t fit into our society.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I approve of a woman taking the first step to start a relationship with a man.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The man should always be the one to initiate sex with a woman.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I approve of a woman calling a man she is interested in.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The initiative in asking for a date should come either from the man or the woman.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In a relationship\u201a the woman as well as the man should be free to initiate sexual activity.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I approve of a woman taking the aggressive role during sexual intercourse.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women should be free to express themselves sexually.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The initiative in dating should come from the man.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women should take the passive role in courtship.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A woman should allow the man to take ch\u200earge of their sexual relationship.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women should have the same sexual freedom as men.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is acceptable for a woman to have sex with a casual acquaintance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would have no respect for a woman who engages in sexual relationships without any emotional involvement.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is all right for a woman to have sexual intercourse with someone she knows well and likes but does not love.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Men should continue to show courtesies to women such as holding open the door or helping them on with their coats.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Special attentions like standing up for a woman who comes into a room or giving her a seat of a crowded bus are outmoded and should be discontinued.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Chivalrous gestures toward women on the part of men should be encouraged.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The special courtesies extended to women are demeaning because they keep women feeling helpless and in their place.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A man should protect a woman from physical harm\u201a even at his own expense.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Chivalry is generally demeaning to women.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In an emergency\u201a women and children should be evacuated first.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most of the women who get raped have invited it in some way.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women provoke rape by their appearance or behavior.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In most cases\u201a when a woman gets raped\u201a she was asking for it.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In most cases of wife beating\u201a the woman is just as much at fault as the man.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most ch\u200earges of &quot;wife beating&quot; are made up by the woman to get back at her husband.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If a woman is making out and she let&#039;s things get out of hand\u201a it&#039;s her own fault if the man forces sex on her.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In forcible rape\u201a the victim never causes the crime.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A man is sometimes justified in hitting his wife.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It&#039;s all right for the woman to have a career and the man to stay home with the children.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I approve of a wife entering the labor force and leaving her husband at home to care for the children.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would not respect a man if he decided to stay at home and take care of his children while his wife worked.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The wife should have primary responsibility for taking care of the home and children.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A woman should work only if she can do so without interfering with her domestic duties.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The husband should have primary responsibility for support of the family.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In marriage\u201a the husband should take the lead in decision making.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Working women should not be expected to sacrifice their careers for the sake of home duties to any greater extent than men.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women should be concerned with their duties of childrearing and house-tending\u201a rather than with desires for professional and business careers.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">As head of the household\u201a the husband should have more responsibility for the family&#039;s financial plans than his wife.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Care of children should be shared equally by both spouses.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are almost no jobs which should be closed to women because of the physical requirements.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Many jobs should be closed to women because of the physical requirements.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Men and women are better suited to different kinds of occupations due to physical strength.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">All occupations should be equally accessible to both men and women.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are many jobs in which men should be given preference over women in being hired or promoted.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are some professions and types of business that are more suitable for men than women.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In today&#039;s world the idea of &quot;women&#039;s work&quot; and &quot;men&#039;s work&quot; makes no sense.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is appropriate to divide work into &quot;men&#039;s work&quot; and &quot;women&#039;s work.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">73<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A woman&#039;s work and a man&#039;s work should be fundamentally different.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">74<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It would be appropriate for a woman to be President of the United States if she were qualified.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">75<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would vote for a politically qualified woman to be President of the United States.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">76<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women\u201a as well as men\u201a should be found in top political offices.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">77<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women should be included on all levels of political activity on an equal basis with men.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">78<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are many good reasons why a woman should not be President of the United States.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">79<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women are too emotional to fill high positions in government.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">80<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The political and moral leadership of a community should remain largely in the hands of men.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">81<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can really understand why there needs to be a women&#039;s liberation movement.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">82<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Equal Rights Amendment is unnecessary.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">83<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Only if women organize and work together can anything really be done about sex discrimination.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">84<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is not enough for a woman to be successful herself\u201a women must work together to change laws and customs that are unfair to all women.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">85<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women need to unite and work together to achieve equal political and social rights in this country.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">86<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Passage of legislation to further women&#039;s rights is necessary.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">87<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I do not agree with the strategies of the women&#039;s liberation movement.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">88<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am sympathetic to the goals of women&#039;s liberation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">89<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I favor the Equal Rights Amendment which would prohibit legal discrimination on the basis of sex.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">90<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The women&#039;s liberation movement exaggerates the problems faced by women in American society.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">91<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women can best overcome sex discrimination by pursuing their individual career goals.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">92<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The best way to handle problems of sex discrimination is for each woman to make sure she gets the best training possible for what she wants to do.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">93<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most women have only themselves to blame for not doing better in life.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">94<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The best way for women to overcome sex discrimination is by working on their own to prove their abilities.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">95<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Women have been offered plenty of opportunities to get ahead. If they don&#039;t make the most of them\u201a it&#039;s their problem.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">96<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The truly qualified woman in a career has no trouble achieving recognition and success.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">97<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Government-sponsored child care centers would be a big waste of money.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">98<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mothers who work have no right to expect the government to pay for free child care centers.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">99<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There should be free child-care centers to help mothers who have to work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">100<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Financial support for day care should come from parents and not from the government.* [Financial support for day care centers should be available to all.]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">101<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Government-sponsored child care centers should be available to all.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">102<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The issue of comprehensive day care for all should become a high priority for politicians and lawmakers.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">103<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There should be easily available child-care so that women can take jobs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">104<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Abortion should be treated legally as a form of murder.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">105<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I favor a Constitutional amendment that would prohibit all abortions.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">106<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Public hospitals should offer abortion to any woman requesting it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">107<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Abortion on demand should be available to all women.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">108<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Every woman has the right to decide whether or not she should have an abortion.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">109<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A woman who is true to her maternal instincts would not have an abortion.*<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Gender Attitude Inventory (GAI), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Ashmore, Del Boca et Bilder en 1995, est un inventaire psychom\u00e9trique de 109 items mesurant 14 dimensions d&rsquo;attitudes envers le genre et les rapports de pouvoir sociopolitiques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[155,154,2],"tags":[24360,17119,24359,16,12231,24123,3889],"class_list":["post-15426","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-dattitudes","category-psychologie-sociale","category-psychometrie","tag-ashmore","tag-attitudes-de-genre","tag-gai","tag-psychometrie","tag-roles-sociaux","tag-sexisme","tag-stereotypes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/15426","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15426"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/15426\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}