{"id":15235,"date":"2026-10-08T17:23:05","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T17:23:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/questionnaire-tridimensionnel-de-la-personnalite-tpq\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T17:23:05","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T17:23:05","slug":"questionnaire-tridimensionnel-de-la-personnalite-tpq","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=questionnaire-tridimensionnel-de-la-personnalite-tpq","title":{"rendered":"Questionnaire tridimensionnel de la personnalit\u00e9 (TPQ)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Questionnaire tridimensionnel de la personnalit\u00e9<\/strong> (<em>Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire<\/em>, <strong>TPQ<\/strong>) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1980 par le psychiatre et g\u00e9n\u00e9ticien am\u00e9ricain <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C._Robert_Cloninger\">C. Robert Cloninger<\/a>. Con\u00e7u pour op\u00e9rationnaliser un mod\u00e8le biosocial et neurobiologique pionnier de la personnalit\u00e9, le TPQ postule l&rsquo;existence de trois dimensions fondamentales et g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement ind\u00e9pendantes du temp\u00e9rament : la <em>Recherche de nouveaut\u00e9<\/em> (<em>Novelty Seeking<\/em>, NS), l&rsquo;<em>\u00c9vitement du danger<\/em> (<em>Harm Avoidance<\/em>, HA) et la <em>D\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense<\/em> (<em>Reward Dependence<\/em>, RD). Chacune de ces dimensions est th\u00e9oriquement li\u00e9e \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me de neurotransmission c\u00e9r\u00e9brale sp\u00e9cifique, respectivement la dopamine, la s\u00e9rotonine et la noradr\u00e9naline.<\/p>\n<p>Dans sa forme int\u00e9grale standardis\u00e9e, le questionnaire comprend 100 items dichotomiques auxquels le r\u00e9pondant r\u00e9pond par \u00ab Vrai \u00bb (<em>True<\/em>) ou \u00ab Faux \u00bb (<em>False<\/em>). L&rsquo;inventaire permet non seulement de calculer un score global pour chacun des trois grands domaines, mais \u00e9galement d&rsquo;analyser des facettes de premier ordre (sous-\u00e9chelles) \u00e9valuant des comportements plus cibl\u00e9s tels que l&rsquo;excitabilit\u00e9 exploratoire, l&rsquo;impulsivit\u00e9, l&rsquo;anticipation anxieuse, la timidit\u00e9 sociale, la sentimentalit\u00e9 ou l&rsquo;attachement. Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques du TPQ ont fait l&rsquo;objet de nombreuses validations empiriques internationales : la consistance interne varie g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d&rsquo;acceptable \u00e0 excellente (coefficients alpha de Cronbach compris entre 0,70 et 0,88 pour les dimensions principales), et la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle test-retest s&rsquo;av\u00e8re solide sur des intervalles de plusieurs mois. Le TPQ a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le charni\u00e8re dans l&rsquo;histoire de la psychom\u00e9trie psychiatrique en jetant les bases du <em>Temperament and Character Inventory<\/em> (TCI) et demeure un jalon fondamental pour l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation neurog\u00e9n\u00e9tique des traits de temp\u00e9rament et la psychopathologie clinique.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Questionnaire tridimensionnel de la personnalit\u00e9, TPQ, C. Robert Cloninger, temp\u00e9rament, recherche de nouveaut\u00e9, \u00e9vitement du danger, d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense, psychom\u00e9trie, neurobiologie de la personnalit\u00e9, dopamine, s\u00e9rotonine, \u00e9valuation psychologique.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>Le concepteur principal du Questionnaire tridimensionnel de la personnalit\u00e9 est le professeur <strong>Claude Robert Cloninger<\/strong>, M.D., psychiatre et g\u00e9n\u00e9ticien de renomm\u00e9e internationale, professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite \u00e0 la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/medicine.wustl.edu\/\">Washington University School of Medicine \u00e0 Saint-Louis<\/a> (Missouri, \u00c9tats-Unis). Ses travaux fondateurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9s en \u00e9troite collaboration avec des coll\u00e8gues et statisticiens de premier plan, notamment le Dr <strong>Thomas R. Przybeck<\/strong> et le Dr <strong>Dragan M. Svrakic<\/strong>, tous deux chercheurs au sein du <em>Center for Psychobiology of Personality<\/em> du D\u00e9partement de psychiatrie de la Washington University.<\/p>\n<p>Le laboratoire du Dr Cloninger s&rsquo;est illustr\u00e9 pendant plusieurs d\u00e9cennies par des recherches novatrices alliant la psychiatrie quantitative, la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du comportement, l&rsquo;imagerie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale et la mod\u00e9lisation dimensionnelle des troubles de l&rsquo;humeur, des addictions et des troubles de la personnalit\u00e9. Correspondance historique : Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Le Questionnaire tridimensionnel de la personnalit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement \u00e9labor\u00e9 pour combler un foss\u00e9 \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique majeur entre la psychologie descriptive des traits et les neurosciences biologiques \u00e9mergentes de la fin du XXe si\u00e8cle. Les taxonomies traditionnelles de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque, telles que le mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;Eysenck (PEN) ou les premi\u00e8res versions du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Five_personality_traits\">Big Five<\/a>, reposaient essentiellement sur des analyses factorielles lexicales sans ancrage fonctionnel direct dans les circuits neuronaux du syst\u00e8me nerveux central. L&rsquo;objectif de Cloninger \u00e9tait de formaliser un outil de mesure direct des r\u00e9ponses comportementales automatis\u00e9es d&rsquo;apprentissage et de conditionnement chez l&rsquo;\u00eatre humain.<\/p>\n<h3>Applications en recherche fondamentale et psychiatrique<\/h3>\n<p>En recherche fondamentale, le TPQ vise \u00e0 isoler des ph\u00e9notypes comportementaux interm\u00e9diaires (endoph\u00e9notypes) susceptibles de corr\u00e9ler avec des marqueurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques (comme les polymorphismes des r\u00e9cepteurs dopaminergiques DRD4 ou du transporteur de la s\u00e9rotonine 5-HTTLPR). En psychiatrie clinique et \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour identifier des profils de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 pr\u00e9morbide face \u00e0 divers troubles psychopathologiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Addictologie et abus de substances :<\/strong> mise en \u00e9vidence de scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s en Recherche de nouveaut\u00e9 associ\u00e9s aux comportements d&rsquo;impulsivit\u00e9, de d\u00e9pendance alcoolique de type II (selon la classification de Cloninger) et d&rsquo;abus de drogues illicites.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Troubles de l&rsquo;humeur et troubles anxieux :<\/strong> identification de scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s en \u00c9vitement du danger comme pr\u00e9dicteur robuste d&rsquo;\u00e9pisodes d\u00e9pressifs majeurs, de phobies sociales et de troubles paniques r\u00e9currents.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Troubles du comportement alimentaire :<\/strong> caract\u00e9risation des profils d&rsquo;anorexie restrictive (HA tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9, NS bas, persistance \u00e9lev\u00e9e) comparativement aux profils boulimiques impulsifs (NS \u00e9lev\u00e9 combin\u00e9 \u00e0 un HA \u00e9lev\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nosologie de la personnalit\u00e9 :<\/strong> aide au diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel des troubles de la personnalit\u00e9 du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/psychiatrists\/practice\/dsm\">DSM<\/a>), en mod\u00e9lisant chaque trouble comme une constellation g\u00e9om\u00e9trique des trois axes fondamentaux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le temp\u00e9ramental sous-jacent au TPQ structure la personnalit\u00e9 selon trois dimensions de base orthogonales, universelles et suppos\u00e9es ind\u00e9pendantes, qui d\u00e9terminent la fa\u00e7on dont un individu interagit avec son environnement en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la nouveaut\u00e9, \u00e0 la punition et \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Recherche de nouveaut\u00e9 (<em>Novelty Seeking<\/em> &#8211; NS)<\/h3>\n<p>La Recherche de nouveaut\u00e9 refl\u00e8te une tendance inn\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;activation ou \u00e0 l&rsquo;initiation de comportements exploratoires face \u00e0 des stimuli nouveaux, \u00e0 des signaux d&rsquo;incitation \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense ou \u00e0 la suppression d&rsquo;une punition active. Les individus obtenant un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 sur cette dimension se caract\u00e9risent par une curiosit\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e, un besoin de sensations fortes, une intol\u00e9rance \u00e0 la monotonie, un temp\u00e9rament enthousiaste mais facilement distrait, ainsi qu&rsquo;une forte impulsivit\u00e9 d\u00e9cisionnelle. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, les faibles scores indiquent des personnes r\u00e9serv\u00e9es, m\u00e9thodiques, lentes \u00e0 s&rsquo;enflammer, tol\u00e9rantes \u00e0 la routine et pragmatiques. Le domaine se subdivise en quatre sous-\u00e9chelles conceptuelles :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>NS1 &#8211; Excitabilit\u00e9 exploratoire vs Rigidit\u00e9 m\u00e9thodique :<\/em> tendance \u00e0 explorer l&rsquo;inconnu par opposition \u00e0 un attachement strict aux habitudes \u00e9tablies.<\/li>\n<li><em>NS2 &#8211; Impulsivit\u00e9 vs R\u00e9flexion :<\/em> propension \u00e0 agir sur un coup de t\u00eate sans peser les cons\u00e9quences futures, contre une d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration prudente et d\u00e9taill\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><em>NS3 &#8211; Extravagance vs \u00c9pargne :<\/em> inclination \u00e0 d\u00e9penser son argent et ses ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques sans compter, oppos\u00e9e \u00e0 la frugalit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la retenue financi\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<li><em>NS4 &#8211; D\u00e9sordre\/Libert\u00e9 vs R\u00e9glementation :<\/em> rejet des contraintes normatives strictes au profit d&rsquo;une conduite guid\u00e9e par les affects spontan\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \u00c9vitement du danger (<em>Harm Avoidance<\/em> &#8211; HA)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00c9vitement du danger quantifie la propension \u00e0 l&rsquo;inhibition comportementale face \u00e0 des stimuli aversifs, des signaux de punition potentielle ou l&rsquo;absence de r\u00e9compense habituelle. Les sujets pr\u00e9sentant un score HA \u00e9lev\u00e9 manifestent une tendance marqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 anticipatoire, \u00e0 la crainte des situations inconnues, \u00e0 la fatigabilit\u00e9 physique et psychologique, et \u00e0 une r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration lente face aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements stressants. Les sujets \u00e0 faible score HA sont d\u00e9crits comme audacieux, confiants, insouciants, \u00e9nergiques et r\u00e9silients. Cette dimension se compose \u00e9galement de quatre sous-\u00e9chelles :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>HA1 &#8211; Inqui\u00e9tude anticipatoire et pessimisme vs Optimisme insouciant :<\/em> attente anxieuse que les choses tournent mal m\u00eame dans des circonstances favorables.<\/li>\n<li><em>HA2 &#8211; Peur de l&rsquo;incertitude :<\/em> inconfort \u00e9motionnel et appr\u00e9hension marqu\u00e9s dans les situations ambigu\u00ebs ou non famili\u00e8res.<\/li>\n<li><em>HA3 &#8211; Timidit\u00e9 avec les \u00e9trangers vs Audace sociale :<\/em> r\u00e9serve, g\u00eane et \u00e9vitement lors des interactions avec des personnes inconnues.<\/li>\n<li><em>HA4 &#8211; Fatigabilit\u00e9 et asth\u00e9nie vs Vigueur :<\/em> niveau d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie de base r\u00e9duit et lenteur de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration cons\u00e9cutive aux contrari\u00e9t\u00e9s ou aux maladies b\u00e9nignes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. D\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense (<em>Reward Dependence<\/em> &#8211; RD)<\/h3>\n<p>La D\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense traduit une disposition neurobiologique \u00e0 maintenir les comportements ant\u00e9rieurement r\u00e9compens\u00e9s, en particulier par l&rsquo;approbation sociale, les marques d&rsquo;affection et la reconnaissance d&rsquo;autrui. Les individus affichant un RD \u00e9lev\u00e9 sont chaleureux, sensibles, empathiques, d\u00e9vou\u00e9s et profond\u00e9ment affect\u00e9s par la rupture des liens interpersonnels. Les individus ayant un faible score RD sont ind\u00e9pendants, froids, distants, peu soucieux du jugement d&rsquo;autrui et capables de fonctionner en autarcie relationnelle. Dans le TPQ initial, cette \u00e9chelle couvre trois composantes distinctes (auxquelles la notion de persistance \u00e9tait initialement rattach\u00e9e sous l&rsquo;angle du maintien de l&rsquo;effort) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>RD1 &#8211; Sentimentalit\u00e9 :<\/em> r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle profonde aux appels affectifs, \u00e0 l&rsquo;art et \u00e0 la compassion.<\/li>\n<li><em>RD2 &#8211; Persistance :<\/em> d\u00e9termination \u00e0 poursuivre une t\u00e2che difficile malgr\u00e9 l&rsquo;absence de renforcement imm\u00e9diat ou la fatigue (cette facette deviendra plus tard une dimension autonome dans le TCI).<\/li>\n<li><em>RD3 &#8211; Attachement social :<\/em> d\u00e9sir d&rsquo;intimit\u00e9, d&rsquo;ouverture relationnelle et de communication chaleureuse avec ses pairs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le cadre conceptuel du TPQ s&rsquo;enracine dans la <strong>th\u00e9orie neurobiologique et biopsychosociale de la personnalit\u00e9<\/strong> formul\u00e9e par Cloninger en 1986 et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e dans son article s\u00e9minal de 1987 publi\u00e9 dans les <em>Archives of General Psychiatry<\/em>. Cette th\u00e9orie s&rsquo;appuie sur une synth\u00e8se magistrale des mod\u00e8les d&rsquo;apprentissage comportemental pavlovien et skinn\u00e9rien, de la neurophysiologie compar\u00e9e et de la pharmacologie clinique.<\/p>\n<h3>Hypoth\u00e8ses monoaminergiques<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;originalit\u00e9 radicale du mod\u00e8le repose sur l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se d&rsquo;une correspondance biunivoque entre chacun des trois grands syst\u00e8mes neuromodulateurs c\u00e9r\u00e9braux et un profil adaptatif sp\u00e9cifique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Le syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;activation comportementale (<em>Behavioral Activation System<\/em>) et la dopamine :<\/strong> la Recherche de nouveaut\u00e9 est conceptualis\u00e9e comme une r\u00e9ponse m\u00e9di\u00e9e par les voies dopaminergiques m\u00e9solimbiques et m\u00e9socorticales. Selon Cloninger, les individus ayant une faible activit\u00e9 dopaminergique basale recherchent activement la nouveaut\u00e9 et les stimuli excitants pour induire des lib\u00e9rations transitoires de dopamine, agissant comme un renfor\u00e7ateur psychophysiologique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;inhibition comportementale (<em>Behavioral Inhibition System<\/em>) et la s\u00e9rotonine :<\/strong> l&rsquo;\u00c9vitement du danger d\u00e9pend des projections s\u00e9rotoninergiques ascendantes issues des noyaux du raph\u00e9 vers la substance grise p\u00e9riaqueducale, le septum et l&rsquo;hippocampe. Une transmission s\u00e9rotoninergique accrue ou hyperr\u00e9active est postul\u00e9e comme sous-tendant l&rsquo;inhibition active des comportements face aux signaux de danger ou de punition conditionn\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le syst\u00e8me de maintien comportemental (<em>Behavioral Maintenance System<\/em>) et la noradr\u00e9naline :<\/strong> la D\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense est associ\u00e9e aux r\u00e9seaux noradr\u00e9nergiques originaires du <em>locus coeruleus<\/em> se projetant sur les structures corticales et limbiques. Ce syst\u00e8me r\u00e9gule la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l&rsquo;extinction des comportements pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment r\u00e9compens\u00e9s et soutient la sociabilit\u00e9 ainsi que l&rsquo;attachement aux signaux de renforcement social.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ce paradigme s&rsquo;inscrit dans la lign\u00e9e des travaux de Jeffrey Gray (mod\u00e8le BIS\/BAS) et de Hans Eysenck, tout en introduisant une perspective \u00e9volutionniste o\u00f9 le temp\u00e9rament repr\u00e9sente des modules adaptatifs conserv\u00e9s chez les vert\u00e9br\u00e9s pour assurer la survie face \u00e0 la recherche de ressources, \u00e0 la fuite des pr\u00e9dateurs et \u00e0 la coh\u00e9sion de groupe.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique du TPQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9e \u00e0 travers un corpus \u00e9tendu d&rsquo;investigations cliniques et \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques men\u00e9es sur des \u00e9chantillons normatifs et psychopathologiques vastes et diversifi\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>De nombreuses \u00e9tudes ont examin\u00e9 la convergence du TPQ avec d&rsquo;autres inventaires majeurs de la personnalit\u00e9, notamment le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revised_NEO_Personality_Inventory\">NEO-PI-R<\/a> (Costa &#038; McCrae) et l&rsquo;Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00c9vitement du danger (HA) :<\/strong> corr\u00e8le tr\u00e8s fortement et positivement avec le <em>N\u00e9vrosisme<\/em> (N) du NEO-PI-R et de l&rsquo;EPQ (coefficients variant typiquement de <em>r<\/em> = 0,65 \u00e0 <em>r<\/em> = 0,78), d\u00e9montrant une excellente convergence dans la mesure de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 affective n\u00e9gative. En contrepartie, HA pr\u00e9sente une corr\u00e9lation n\u00e9gative mod\u00e9r\u00e9e avec l&rsquo;Extraversion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recherche de nouveaut\u00e9 (NS) :<\/strong> montre des corr\u00e9lations positives mod\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 fortes avec l&rsquo;Extraversion (E) et l&rsquo;Ouverture (O) du NEO-PI, ainsi qu&rsquo;une corr\u00e9lation n\u00e9gative robuste avec le caract\u00e8re Consciencieux (C), particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 travers les items d&rsquo;impulsivit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9sordre (<em>r<\/em> = -0,40 \u00e0 -0,55).<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense (RD) :<\/strong> pr\u00e9sente une convergence s\u00e9lective avec l&rsquo;Agr\u00e9abilit\u00e9 (A) et certains aspects de la chaleur interpersonnelle de l&rsquo;Extraversion (<em>r<\/em> = 0,45 \u00e0 0,60), tout en demeurant ind\u00e9pendante du N\u00e9vrosisme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive du TPQ s&rsquo;est av\u00e9r\u00e9e particuli\u00e8rement remarquable en psychiatrie. Dans les \u00e9tudes de Cloninger, Przybeck et Svrakic (1991, 1993), des combinaisons sp\u00e9cifiques de scores au TPQ pr\u00e9disent avec pr\u00e9cision les cat\u00e9gories nosographiques de l&rsquo;axe II du DSM :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Profil <em>Cluster B<\/em> (personnalit\u00e9s borderline, antisociales, histrioniques) : caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par un score tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 en Recherche de nouveaut\u00e9 combin\u00e9 \u00e0 un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 en \u00c9vitement du danger et un score variable en D\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense.<\/li>\n<li>Profil <em>Cluster C<\/em> (personnalit\u00e9s \u00e9vitantes, d\u00e9pendantes, obsessionnelles-compulsives) : d\u00e9fini principalement par un \u00c9vitement du danger extr\u00eamement haut et une Recherche de nouveaut\u00e9 tr\u00e8s basse.<\/li>\n<li>Abus de substances : les \u00e9tudes longitudinales (ex. Sher et al., 1995) ont confirm\u00e9 que des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s en NS chez de jeunes adultes constituent un facteur de risque pr\u00e9dictif ind\u00e9pendant pour l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence ult\u00e9rieure de troubles li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;usage de l&rsquo;alcool et de polytoxicomanies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du TPQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 rigoureusement \u00e9valu\u00e9e sur le plan de la consistance interne et de la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle \u00e0 travers de multiples \u00e9chantillons nationaux et internationaux.<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne (Alpha de Cronbach)<\/h3>\n<p>Les donn\u00e9es normatives recueillies aux \u00c9tats-Unis sur un \u00e9chantillon repr\u00e9sentatif de la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale adulte (Cloninger et al., 1991 ; N = 1 019) indiquent des coefficients de coh\u00e9rence interne tr\u00e8s satisfaisants au niveau des dimensions globales :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00c9vitement du danger (HA) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,85 \u00e0 0,88, attestant d&rsquo;une homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 remarquable de l&rsquo;ensemble des items composant cette dimension.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recherche de nouveaut\u00e9 (NS) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,74 \u00e0 0,79, un niveau tout \u00e0 fait solide compte tenu de l&rsquo;h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 intentionnelle des quatre facettes (curiosit\u00e9, impulsivit\u00e9, extravagance, d\u00e9sordre).<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense (RD) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,69 \u00e0 0,73, une consistance l\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus modeste refl\u00e9tant la mixit\u00e9 historique de cette dimension qui regroupait \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine la sentimentalit\u00e9, l&rsquo;attachement et la persistance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Au niveau des sous-\u00e9chelles individuelles, les coefficients alpha oscillent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,55 et 0,75, ce qui est classique pour des micro-\u00e9chelles compos\u00e9es de seulement 5 \u00e0 10 items dichotomiques.<\/p>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle test-retest<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes de stabilit\u00e9 test-retest rapportent des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse \u00e9lev\u00e9s chez les adultes sains :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sur un intervalle de 6 mois, les coefficients test-retest sont compris entre 0,70 et 0,79 pour NS, 0,75 et 0,85 pour HA, et 0,65 et 0,75 pour RD.<\/li>\n<li>Sur des p\u00e9riodes s&rsquo;\u00e9tendant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 un an, la variance partag\u00e9e reste sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 50 %, confirmant la nature dispositionnelle et temp\u00e9ramentale stable des traits captur\u00e9s par le TPQ, m\u00eame si le score d&rsquo;\u00c9vitement du danger peut fluctuer mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment en pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;un \u00e9pisode d\u00e9pressif majeur aigu (\u00e9tat-d\u00e9pendant).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>La structure factorielle du TPQ a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) et confirmatoires (AFC) approfondies, men\u00e9es tant par l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe de Cloninger que par des groupes m\u00e9thodologiques ind\u00e9pendants.<\/p>\n<h3>Structure orthogonale originale et r\u00e9plications<\/h3>\n<p>Les analyses factorielles exploratoires au niveau des items et des sous-\u00e9chelles ont initialement confirm\u00e9 l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence claire de trois facteurs pr\u00e9dominants correspondant aux trois dimensions th\u00e9oriques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les items d&rsquo;<strong>\u00c9vitement du danger<\/strong> se regroupent de mani\u00e8re robuste sur un premier axe factoriel unitaire, expliquant la plus grande part de variance (souvent 15 \u00e0 20 % de la variance totale). Les saturations factorielles des items cl\u00e9s (anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, fatigabilit\u00e9, r\u00e9serve sociale) d\u00e9passent fr\u00e9quemment 0,50 \u00e0 0,65.<\/li>\n<li>Les items de <strong>Recherche de nouveaut\u00e9<\/strong> saturent sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 sur un second facteur orthogonal distinct, avec des charges factorielles moyennes comprises entre 0,40 et 0,60 pour les items d&rsquo;exploration et d&rsquo;impulsivit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Le facteur de <strong>D\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense<\/strong> \u00e9merge comme un troisi\u00e8me p\u00f4le, bien que certaines tensions factorielles aient \u00e9t\u00e9 relev\u00e9es d\u00e8s les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tudes ind\u00e9pendantes (notamment par Waller, Lilienfeld, Heath et Sher).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00c9mergence du facteur de Persistance et transition vers le TCI<\/h3>\n<p>Les travaux m\u00e9thodologiques approfondis (par exemple Sher et al., 1995 ; Svrakic et al., 1993) ont mis en lumi\u00e8re une anomalie structurelle dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle RD : les items mesurant la \u00ab Persistance \u00bb (poursuite acharn\u00e9e du travail malgr\u00e9 l&rsquo;\u00e9puisement ou l&rsquo;absence de r\u00e9compense imm\u00e9diate) ne saturaient pas de mani\u00e8re optimale avec les items d&rsquo;attachement affectif et de sensibilit\u00e9 sociale. Les analyses factorielles confirmaient en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 l&rsquo;existence de <strong>quatre facteurs temp\u00e9ramentaux<\/strong> ind\u00e9pendants plut\u00f4t que trois.<\/p>\n<p>Cette observation psychom\u00e9trique majeure a conduit Cloninger et ses collaborateurs \u00e0 scinder officiellement la Persistance (PS) pour en faire une quatri\u00e8me dimension temp\u00e9ramentale autonome lors de la publication en 1993 du <em>Temperament and Character Inventory<\/em> (TCI), qui viendra compl\u00e9ter les 4 temp\u00e9raments par 3 dimensions de caract\u00e8re (Autod\u00e9termination, Coop\u00e9ration, Transendance de soi).<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom complet :<\/strong> Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nom francophone :<\/strong> Questionnaire tridimensionnel de la personnalit\u00e9<\/li>\n<li><strong>Auteur :<\/strong> C. Robert Cloninger, M.D.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type de test :<\/strong> Inventaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation de la personnalit\u00e9 et du temp\u00e9rament (auto-questionnaire papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 100 items formul\u00e9s sous la forme d&rsquo;affirmations \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne du singulier<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format et \u00e9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle dichotomique forc\u00e9e : <strong>Vrai<\/strong> (<em>True<\/em>) ou <strong>Faux<\/strong> (<em>False<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dimensions mesur\u00e9es :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Recherche de nouveaut\u00e9 (<em>Novelty Seeking<\/em>, NS) \u2014 sous-\u00e9chelles : NS1 (Excitabilit\u00e9 exploratoire), NS2 (Impulsivit\u00e9), NS3 (Extravagance), NS4 (D\u00e9sordre)<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9vitement du danger (<em>Harm Avoidance<\/em>, HA) \u2014 sous-\u00e9chelles : HA1 (Inqui\u00e9tude anticipatoire), HA2 (Peur de l&rsquo;incertitude), HA3 (Timidit\u00e9 sociale), HA4 (Fatigabilit\u00e9)<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense (<em>Reward Dependence<\/em>, RD) \u2014 sous-\u00e9chelles : RD1 (Sentimentalit\u00e9), RD2 (Persistance), RD3 (Attachement)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proc\u00e9dure de cotation :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Chaque r\u00e9ponse concordant avec le sens de la dimension re\u00e7oit la valeur 1 ; la r\u00e9ponse oppos\u00e9e re\u00e7oit 0.<\/li>\n<li>Plusieurs items sont invers\u00e9s (codage inverse) pour contr\u00f4ler les biais d&rsquo;acquiescement.<\/li>\n<li>Les scores bruts sont calcul\u00e9s par sommation pour chaque sous-\u00e9chelle et pour chaque dimension globale, puis transform\u00e9s en notes standardis\u00e9es (notes T ou percentiles) sur la base des normes de population.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps de passation :<\/strong> Approximativement 15 \u00e0 25 minutes selon les individus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<p>Le Questionnaire tridimensionnel de la personnalit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement diffus\u00e9 en <strong>1987<\/strong> par C. Robert Cloninger. Les normes de population am\u00e9ricaine standardis\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es en <strong>1991<\/strong>. L&rsquo;instrument original a \u00e9t\u00e9 prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par le droit d&rsquo;auteur du <em>Center for Psychobiology of Personality<\/em> de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Washington \u00e0 Saint-Louis.<\/p>\n<p>Pour la recherche acad\u00e9mique non commerciale, le questionnaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement mis \u00e0 disposition des chercheurs et cliniciens universitaires. Son \u00e9volution ult\u00e9rieure, le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Temperament_and_Character_Inventory\">Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)<\/a> et ses versions r\u00e9vis\u00e9es (TCI-R), sont quant \u00e0 eux g\u00e9r\u00e9s et distribu\u00e9s sous licence commerciale par l&rsquo;<em>Anthropedia Foundation<\/em> et le <em>Center for Well-Being<\/em>. Les praticiens souhaitant utiliser les versions contemporaines formalis\u00e9es doivent s&rsquo;acquitter de droits d&rsquo;utilisation pour les manuels officiels et les cahiers de passation informatis\u00e9s. Le TPQ historique demeure un instrument public largement document\u00e9 dans la litt\u00e9rature scientifique en libre acc\u00e8s.<\/p>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"line-height:1.8;\">\n<li>Anastasides, N. (2012). <em>Avoidance, Escape, and Approach Behavior in Individuals with High Behavioral Inhibition<\/em> (Master&rsquo;s thesis). Seton Hall University. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/scholarship.shu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1239&#038;context=theses\">http:\/\/scholarship.shu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1239&amp;context=theses<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cloninger, C. R. (1986). A unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states. <em>Psychiatric Developments<\/em>, 4(3), 167\u2013226.<\/li>\n<li>Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants: A proposal. <em>Archives of General Psychiatry<\/em>, 44(6), 573\u2013588. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800180093014\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800180093014<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cloninger, C. R., Bayon, C., &amp; Svrakic, D. M. (1998). Measurement of temperament and character in mood disorders: A model of fundamental states as personality types. <em>Journal of Affective Disorders<\/em>, 51(1), 21\u201332. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00153-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00153-0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck, T. R., &amp; Svrakic, D. M. (1991). The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: U.S. normative data. <em>Psychological Reports<\/em>, 69(3 Pt 1), 1047\u20131057. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pr0.1991.69.3.1047\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pr0.1991.69.3.1047<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck, T. R., Svrakic, D. M., &amp; Wetzel, R. D. (1994). <em>The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): A guide to its development and use<\/em>. Center for Psychobiology of Personality, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.<\/li>\n<li>Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., &amp; Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. <em>Archives of General Psychiatry<\/em>, 50(12), 975\u2013990. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pournaghash Tehrani, S., Besharat, M. A., Abdoli Bidhendi, M., &amp; Feizabadi, Z. (2009). Assessment of Novelty Seeking subscale of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) in drug-dependent and non-dependent individuals. <em>Journal of Psychological Science<\/em>, 8(31), 335\u2013346.<\/li>\n<li>Sher, K. J., Wood, M. D., Crews, T. M., &amp; Vandiver, V. D. (1995). The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: Reliability and validity studies and derivation of a Short Form. <em>Psychological Assessment<\/em>, 7(2), 195\u2013208. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.7.2.195\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.7.2.195<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Svrakic, D. M., Whitehead, C., Przybeck, T. R., &amp; Cloninger, C. R. (1993). Differential diagnosis of personality disorders by the seven-factor model of temperament and character. <em>Archives of General Psychiatry<\/em>, 50(12), 991\u2013999. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240075009\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240075009<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am usually confident that everything will go well\u201a even in situations that worry most people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often try new things just for fun or thrills\u201a even if most people think it is a waste of time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to discuss my experiences and feelings openly with friends instead of keeping them to myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When nothing new is happening\u201a I usually start looking for something that is thrilling or exciting.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Usually\u201a I am more worried than most people that something might go wrong in the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t mind discussing my personal problems with people whom I have known briefly or slightly.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would like to have warm and close friends with me most of the time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I nearly always stay relaxed and carefree\u201a even when nearly everyone else is fearful.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually demand very good practical reasons before I am willing to change my old ways of doing things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often have to stop what I am doing because I start worrying about what might go wrong.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I hate to change the way I do things\u201a even if many people tell me there is a new and better way to do it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My friends find it hard to know my feelings because I seldom tell them about my private thoughts.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like it when people can do whatever they want without strict rules and regulations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often stop what I am doing because I get worried\u201a even when my friends tell me everything will go well.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It wouldn&#039;t bother me to be alone all the time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to be very organized and set up rules for people whenever I can.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually do things my own way &#8211; rather than giving in to the wishes of other people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually feel tense and worried when I have to do something new and unfamiliar.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often feel tense and worried in unfamiliar situations\u201a even when I others feel there is little to worry about.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Other people often think that I am too independent because I won&#039;t do what they want.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Even when most people feel it is not important\u201a I often insist on things being done in a strict and orderly way.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often do things based on how I feel at the moment without thinking about how they were done in the past.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often feel tense and worried in unfamiliar situations\u201a even when others feel there is no danger.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often break: rules and regulations when I think I can get away with it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t care very much whether other people like me or the way I do things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually stay calm and secure in situations that most people find physically dangerous.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel it is more important to be sympathetic and understanding of other people than to be practical and tough minded.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I lose my temper more quickly than most people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am usually confident that I can easily do things that most people would consider dangerous (such as driving an automobile fast on a wet or icy road).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often react so strongly to unexpected news that I say or do things that I regret.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People find it easy to come to me for help\u201a sympathy\u201a and warm understanding.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am much more reserved and controlled than most people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I have to meet a group of strangers\u201a I am more shy than most people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am strongly moved by sentimental appeals (like when asked to help crippled children).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I almost never get so excited that I lose control of myself<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have a reputation as someone who is very practical and does not act on emotions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often avoid meeting strangers because I lack confidence with people I do not know.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually stay away from social situations where I would have to meet strangers even if I am assured that they will be friendly.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually push myself harder than most people do because I want to do as well as I possibly can.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am slower than most people to get excited about new ideas and activities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often push myself to the point of exhaustion or try to do more than I really can.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would probably stay relaxed and outgoing when meeting a group of strangers\u201a even if I were told they were unfriendly.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is difficult for me to keep the same interests for a long time because my attention often shifts to something else.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think I would stay confident and relaxed when meeting strangers\u201a even if I were told they were angry at me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I could probably accomplish more than I do\u201a but I don&#039;t see the point in pushing myself harder than is necessary to get by.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to think about things for a long time before I make a decision.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most of the time I would prefer to do something a little risky (like riding in a fast automobile over steep hills and sharp turns) rather than ha\u200eving to stay quiet and inactive for a few hours<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often follow my instincts\u201a hunches\u201a or intuition without thinking through all the details.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to do as little work as possible even when other people expect more of me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often have to change my decisions because I had a wrong hunch or mistaken first impression.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most of the time I would prefer to do something risky (like hang gliding or parachute jumping) rather than ha\u200eving to stay quiet and inactive for a few hours.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am satisfied with my accomplishments\u201a and have little desire to do better.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have less energy and get tired more quickly than most people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually think about all the facts in detail before I make a decision.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I nearly always think about all the facts in detail before I make a decision\u201a even when other people demand a quick fix.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often need naps or extra rest periods because I get tired so easily.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t go out of my way to please other people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am more energetic and tire less quickly than most.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am usually able to get other people to believe me\u201a even when I know what I am say in g is exaggerated or untrue.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it upsetting when other people don&#039;t give me the support I expect from them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can usually do a good job of stretching the truth to tell a funnier story or playa joke on someone.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually can stay &quot;on the go&quot; all day without ha\u200eving to push myself<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am usually more upset than most people by the loss of a close friend.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have trouble telling a lie\u201a even when it is meant to spare someone else&#039;s feelings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am better at saving money than most people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Even after there are problems in a friendship\u201a I nearly always try to keep it going anyway.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I recover more slowly than most people from minor illnesses or stress.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I need much extra rest\u201a support\u201a or reassurance to recover from minor illnesses or stress.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often spend money until I run out of cash or get into debt from using too much credit.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I seldom get upset when I don&#039;t receive the recognition I deserve.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Because I so often spend too much money on impulse\u201a it is hard for me to save money -even for special plans like a vacation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is extremely difficult for me to adjust to changes in my usual way of doing things because I get so tense\u201a tired\u201a or worried.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">73<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I am feeling upset\u201a I usually feel better around friends than when left alone.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">74<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually feel much more confident and energetic than most people\u201a even after minor illnesses or stress.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">75<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Some people think I am too stingy or tight with my money.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">76<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often keep trying the same thing over and over again\u201a even when I have not had much success in a long time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">77<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is hard for me to enjoy spending money on myself\u201a even when I have saved plenty of money.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">78<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I seldom let myself get upset or frustrated: when things don&#039;t work out I simply move on to other activities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">79<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I recover more quickly than most people from minor illnesses or stress.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">80<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I hate to make decisions based only on my first impression.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">81<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think I will have very good luck in the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">82<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am often moved deeply by a fine speech or poetry.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">83<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I am embarrassed or humiliated\u201a I get over it very quickly.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">84<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like &quot;tried and true&quot; ways of doing things better than trying &quot;new and improved&quot; ways.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">85<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to keep my problems to myself<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">86<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy saving money more than spending it on entertainment or thrills.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">87<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Even when I am with friends\u201a I prefer not to &quot;open up&quot; very much.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">88<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel very confident and sure of myself in almost all social situations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">89<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually like to stay cool and detached from other people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">90<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I never worry about terrible things that might happen in the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">91<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am more hard-working than most people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">92<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In conversations\u201a I am much better as a listener than as a talker.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">93<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to please other people as much as I can.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">94<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Regardless of any temporary problem that I have to overcome\u201a I always think it will turn out well.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">95<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to stay at home better than to travel or explore new places.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">96<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am usually so determined that I continue to work long after other people have given up.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">97<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually have good luck in whatever I try to do.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">98<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to pay close attention to details in everything I do.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">99<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is easy for me to organize my thoughts while talking to someone.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Questionnaire tridimensionnel de la personnalit\u00e9 (TPQ) de C. R. Cloninger mesure la Recherche de nouveaut\u00e9, l&rsquo;\u00c9vitement du danger et la D\u00e9pendance \u00e0 la r\u00e9compense \u00e0 travers 100 items.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[31,14811,2],"tags":[11162,23944,21633,6411,16,3706,6119,23943],"class_list":["post-15235","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-psychologiques","category-personnalite-et-temperament","category-psychometrie","tag-cloninger","tag-dependance-a-la-recompense","tag-evitement-du-danger","tag-neurobiologie","tag-psychometrie","tag-recherche-de-nouveaute","tag-temperament","tag-tpq"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/15235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15235"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/15235\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}