{"id":15089,"date":"2026-10-08T11:18:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T11:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/questionnaire-evaluation-conseil-administration-royaume-uni\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T11:18:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T11:18:00","slug":"questionnaire-evaluation-conseil-administration-royaume-uni","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=questionnaire-evaluation-conseil-administration-royaume-uni","title":{"rendered":"Questionnaire d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation du conseil d&rsquo;administration du Royaume-Uni"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Questionnaire d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation du conseil d&rsquo;administration du Royaume-Uni<\/strong> (<em>UK Governing Body Evaluation Questionnaire<\/em>) constitue un instrument psychom\u00e9trique et diagnostique de gouvernance organisationnelle \u00e9labor\u00e9 initialement \u00e0 partir des r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiels du secteur public britannique (notamment inspir\u00e9 des cadres du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Audit_Office_(United_Kingdom)\">National Audit Office<\/a> et du HM Treasury) et adapt\u00e9 aux entit\u00e9s internationales multilat\u00e9rales telles que l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO\">UNESCO<\/a>. Cet outil standardis\u00e9 mesure l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 fonctionnelle, la rigueur prudentielle, la dynamique collective et la vigilance strat\u00e9gique des membres si\u00e9geant au sein d&rsquo;un organe directeur ou conseil d&rsquo;administration.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument se compose de 43 items structur\u00e9s selon une \u00e9chelle de r\u00e9ponse ordinale de type Likert \u00e0 4 points, gradu\u00e9e de 1 (\u00ab Strongly Disagree \u00bb \/ Fortement en d\u00e9saccord) \u00e0 4 (\u00ab Strongly Agree \u00bb \/ Fortement d&rsquo;accord). L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation couvre huit dimensions fondamentales du fonctionnement organisationnel : les objectifs, la strat\u00e9gie et le mandat institutionnel (7 items) ; le pilotage de la performance (6 items) ; les relations avec les parties prenantes cl\u00e9s (3 items) ; l&rsquo;int\u00e9grit\u00e9, la pr\u00e9vention des fraudes et le contr\u00f4le des d\u00e9perditions financi\u00e8res (3 items) ; la cha\u00eene de mise en \u0153uvre et la gestion de projet (3 items) ; le comit\u00e9 consultatif de surveillance, l&rsquo;audit interne et le reporting financier (4 items) ; la gestion globale des risques et la conformit\u00e9 prudentielle (10 items) ; ainsi que la composition, la dynamique de groupe et l&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation r\u00e9flexive de l&rsquo;organe directeur (7 items).<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;un point de vue psychom\u00e9trique, l&rsquo;instrument d\u00e9montre une consistance interne globale exceptionnelle (coefficient alpha de Cronbach g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 0,92 sur l&rsquo;ensemble de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle, oscillant entre 0,78 et 0,89 pour les sous-\u00e9chelles individuelles). La structure factorielle met en \u00e9vidence une organisation multidimensionnelle coh\u00e9rente avec les mod\u00e9lisations th\u00e9oriques de l&rsquo;agence, de l&rsquo;intendance (<em>stewardship theory<\/em>) et de la dynamique des groupes de haut niveau. Cet outil est largement employ\u00e9 tant dans le cadre de diagnostics organisationnels externes que dans des d\u00e9marches formatives d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation au sein d&rsquo;institutions publiques, d&rsquo;organisations non gouvernementales et d&rsquo;agences intergouvernementales.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Gouvernance organisationnelle, conseil d&rsquo;administration, organe directeur, \u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique, prise de d\u00e9cision strat\u00e9gique, gestion des risques, audit interne, redevabilit\u00e9 publique, dynamique d&rsquo;\u00e9quipe, UNESCO, efficacit\u00e9 du conseil, th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;agence.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture originelle de l&rsquo;instrument s&rsquo;enracine dans les travaux m\u00e9thodologiques conjoints du <strong>National Audit Office (NAO)<\/strong> et du <strong>HM Treasury<\/strong> du Royaume-Uni relatifs \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des conseils d&rsquo;administration du secteur public (\u00ab Corporate governance in central government departments: code of good practice \u00bb). L&rsquo;adaptation internationale formelle et l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration au cadre d&rsquo;audit de gouvernance institutionnelle ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dirig\u00e9es par la <strong>Division des services de contr\u00f4le interne (IOS) de l&rsquo;UNESCO<\/strong> en collaboration avec des auditeurs externes ind\u00e9pendants et des sp\u00e9cialistes en psychologie organisationnelle.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Institution de tutelle :<\/strong> Organisation des Nations Unies pour l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, la science et la culture (UNESCO) \/ United Kingdom National Audit Office (NAO).<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9partement d&rsquo;audit :<\/strong> UNESCO Internal Oversight Service (IOS) &#038; Oversight Advisory Committee (OAC).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Contact institutionnel :<\/strong> UNESCO, 7 Place de Fontenoy, 75007 Paris, France \/ <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\">www.unesco.org<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Le <em>UK Governing Body Evaluation Questionnaire<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour op\u00e9rationnaliser et quantifier une variable organisationnelle notoirement complexe : l&rsquo;efficience syst\u00e9mique et le climat psychologique d&rsquo;un organe de gouvernance. Au sein des organisations contemporaines, le conseil d&rsquo;administration ne peut plus \u00eatre appr\u00e9hend\u00e9 comme une simple chambre d&rsquo;enregistrement juridique. Il constitue un petit groupe d\u00e9cisionnel de haut niveau soumis \u00e0 des pressions cognitives intenses, des biais de conformisme, des asym\u00e9tries d&rsquo;information et des enjeux de redevabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique majeurs. L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de cet outil est de diagnostiquer les forces et les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s fonctionnelles de ce collectif strat\u00e9gique afin de pr\u00e9venir les d\u00e9faillances de gouvernance, la malversation financi\u00e8re, la d\u00e9rive des missions institutionnelles et la paralysie op\u00e9rationnelle.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le domaine de la recherche en <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_du_travail_et_des_organisations\">psychologie du travail et des organisations<\/a>, le questionnaire sert d&rsquo;indicateur \u00e9talon pour corr\u00e9ler la perception de la gouvernance par les administrateurs avec des variables externes telles que la transparence financi\u00e8re, la performance op\u00e9rationnelle des programmes, la satisfaction des donateurs et le climat \u00e9thique institutionnel. Il permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier l&rsquo;impact des biais sociocognitifs (comme la pens\u00e9e de groupe ou <em>groupthink<\/em>) sur les processus d&rsquo;approbation strat\u00e9gique et de surveillance prudentielle.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan pratique et organisationnel, cet instrument est exploit\u00e9 selon trois finalit\u00e9s interconnect\u00e9es :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation r\u00e9flexive annuelle :<\/strong> Donner aux administrateurs une grille analytique partag\u00e9e pour mesurer leur propre valeur ajout\u00e9e, identifier les angles morts de leur supervision et instaurer un plan d&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration continue du fonctionnement du conseil.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;audit externe et la conformit\u00e9 :<\/strong> Fournir aux auditeurs d&rsquo;\u00c9tat, aux commissaires aux comptes et aux comit\u00e9s consultatifs de surveillance une base quantitative standardis\u00e9e pour juger si l&rsquo;organe directeur respecte les meilleures pratiques internationales en mati\u00e8re de contr\u00f4le interne et de gestion des risques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le renforcement des comp\u00e9tences et l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration :<\/strong> D\u00e9terminer les besoins pr\u00e9cis de formation, d&rsquo;int\u00e9gration (<em>induction<\/em>) et de renouvellement g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnel (<em>succession planning<\/em>) des administrateurs pour garantir une diversit\u00e9 cognitive et professionnelle optimale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le questionnaire conceptualise l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;organe directeur comme un m\u00e9ta-construit latent multidimensionnel articul\u00e9 autour de huit domaines interconnect\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Objectifs, strat\u00e9gie et mandat institutionnel (Items 1 \u00e0 7)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value la clart\u00e9 t\u00e9l\u00e9ologique du conseil. Elle mesure la capacit\u00e9 du groupe \u00e0 formuler et maintenir des objectifs propres distincts de ceux de la direction ex\u00e9cutive, \u00e0 aligner la trajectoire strat\u00e9gique sur les comp\u00e9tences et ressources intrins\u00e8ques de l&rsquo;organisation, et \u00e0 r\u00e9\u00e9valuer p\u00e9riodiquement ces choix au regard des mutations de l&rsquo;environnement macro-\u00e9conomique et g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Pilotage de la performance organisationnelle (Items 8 \u00e0 13)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit quantifie la granularit\u00e9 du regard critique port\u00e9 sur les r\u00e9sultats. Il sonde la mani\u00e8re dont les membres du conseil int\u00e8grent les donn\u00e9es financi\u00e8res et op\u00e9rationnelles, re\u00e7oivent des indicateurs d&rsquo;alerte pr\u00e9coce (<em>early-warning signals<\/em>), challengent constructivement la direction et assument une responsabilit\u00e9 collective solidaire face aux r\u00e9ussites et aux \u00e9checs.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Relations avec les parties prenantes cl\u00e9s (Items 14 \u00e0 16)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension op\u00e9rationnalise la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 externe et la communication bilat\u00e9rale. Elle \u00e9value la fluidit\u00e9 et la transparence des interactions entre l&rsquo;organe directeur, le secr\u00e9tariat ex\u00e9cutif, les \u00c9tats membres et les bailleurs de fonds majeurs, garantissant que les attentes des mandants soient fid\u00e8lement refl\u00e9t\u00e9es dans l&rsquo;orientation de l&rsquo;entit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Int\u00e9grit\u00e9, pr\u00e9vention des fraudes et d\u00e9perditions (Items 17 \u00e0 19)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce volet mesure la vigilance \u00e9thique et la tol\u00e9rance aux fuites de ressources. Il capture la rigueur avec laquelle le conseil exige des signalements syst\u00e9matiques sur les fraudes av\u00e9r\u00e9es ou potentielles, examine les d\u00e9penses contentieuses ou atypiques et impose des mesures correctives imm\u00e9diates.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Cha\u00eene de mise en \u0153uvre et gestion de projet (Items 20 \u00e0 22)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit \u00e9value la surveillance de la cha\u00eene logistique et op\u00e9rationnelle de d\u00e9livrance des programmes, particuli\u00e8rement lorsque l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cution est d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9e \u00e0 des partenaires tiers d\u00e9centralis\u00e9s. Il mesure la pr\u00e9voyance quant \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation effective des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices escompt\u00e9s (<em>post-evaluation reviews<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>6. Organes consultatifs de surveillance, audit interne et reddition (Items 23 \u00e0 26)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance fonctionnelle des m\u00e9canismes de contr\u00f4le. Elle s&rsquo;assure que le comit\u00e9 d&rsquo;audit ou de surveillance dispose de pr\u00e9rogatives suffisantes, que les rapports d&rsquo;audit ne sont pas valid\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re purement passive (\u00ab nodding through \u00bb), et que les \u00e9tats financiers ne font l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;aucune politique comptable agressive ou opaque.<\/p>\n<h3>7. Gestion des risques et viabilit\u00e9 environnementale (Items 27 \u00e0 36)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit tr\u00e8s \u00e9tendu jauge la culture du risque du conseil : d\u00e9finition claire de l&rsquo;app\u00e9tence au risque (<em>risk appetite<\/em>), identification prospective des menaces statutaires, sanitaires, juridiques et informationnelles, et garantie de la continuit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re \u00e0 court et moyen terme.<\/p>\n<h3>8. Dynamique interne, coh\u00e9sion et gouvernance de l&rsquo;organe directeur (Items 37 \u00e0 43)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle rel\u00e8ve directement de la psychologie sociale des groupes de travail : \u00e9quilibre subtil entre soutien bienveillant de la direction et capacit\u00e9 de confrontation intellectuelle (<em>challenge<\/em>), qualit\u00e9 du leadership exerc\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9sidence, climat d&rsquo;expression ouverte, diversit\u00e9 du vivier d&rsquo;administrateurs et mise en \u0153uvre effective de boucles r\u00e9troactives d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation comportementale.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement et la justification conceptuelle du <em>UK Governing Body Evaluation Questionnaire<\/em> reposent sur le croisement de trois courants th\u00e9oriques cardinaux de la gouvernance et de la psychologie organisationnelle :<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;agence et la fonction de contr\u00f4le prudentiel<\/h3>\n<p>Fond\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Jensen\">Michael Jensen<\/a> et William Meckling (1976), la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9orie_de_l%27agence\">th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;agence<\/a> postule une divergence d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eats et une asym\u00e9trie d&rsquo;information inh\u00e9rentes entre les mandants (les actionnaires, ou dans le cas public, les citoyens et \u00c9tats membres) et les agents (la direction ex\u00e9cutive). Dans cette perspective, la raison d&rsquo;\u00eatre du conseil d&rsquo;administration est d&rsquo;exercer une fonction de surveillance disciplinaire stricte afin de juguler l&rsquo;al\u00e9a moral et la capture des ressources par les gestionnaires. Les items du questionnaire relatifs \u00e0 l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance de l&rsquo;audit interne, au suivi de la fraude, aux alertes pr\u00e9coces et \u00e0 l&rsquo;app\u00e9tence au risque incarnent directement cette fonction r\u00e9galienne de contr\u00f4le d&rsquo;agence.<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;intendance (Stewardship Theory)<\/h3>\n<p>Formul\u00e9e par Davis, Schoorman et Donaldson (1997), la th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;intendance contrebalance le mod\u00e8le de l&rsquo;agence en affirmant que les dirigeants ne sont pas uniquement motiv\u00e9s par des int\u00e9r\u00eats opportunistes, mais qu&rsquo;ils s&rsquo;identifient aux missions de l&rsquo;organisation et cherchent \u00e0 en maximiser la valeur collective. Dans ce paradigme, le r\u00f4le de l&rsquo;organe directeur \u00e9volue vers un partenariat strat\u00e9gique d&rsquo;accompagnement, d&rsquo;alignement des visions et de conseil expert. L&rsquo;item 37 (\u00ab <em>The Governing Body is cohesive and combines being supportive of management with providing appropriate challenge<\/em> \u00bb) synth\u00e9tise de mani\u00e8re paradigmatique la tension f\u00e9conde entre surveillance (agence) et collaboration capacitante (intendance).<\/p>\n<h3>La psychologie des \u00e9quipes dirigeantes et des biais de d\u00e9cision<\/h3>\n<p>Le questionnaire mobilise \u00e9galement les acquis de la th\u00e9orie des \u00e9chelons sup\u00e9rieurs (<em>Upper Echelons Theory<\/em>) d&rsquo;Hambrick et Mason (1984) ainsi que les travaux d&rsquo;Irving Janis (1972) sur la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pens%C3%A9e_de_groupe\">pens\u00e9e de groupe<\/a> (<em>groupthink<\/em>). La gouvernance est un processus humain m\u00e9diatis\u00e9 par des interactions socio-\u00e9motionnelles. La coh\u00e9sion excessive d\u00e9nu\u00e9e d&rsquo;esprit critique, la passivit\u00e9 devant l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 (\u00ab nodding through \u00bb) ou la domination excessive du pr\u00e9sident de s\u00e9ance constituent des pathologies d\u00e9cisionnelles av\u00e9r\u00e9es. Les dimensions 8 et 6 du questionnaire ciblent explicitement la pr\u00e9vention de ces pi\u00e8ges en encourageant des d\u00e9bats contradictoires constructifs et une composition pluridisciplinaire diversifi\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique du questionnaire a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations m\u00e9thodologiques rigoureuses lors de son d\u00e9ploiement dans le secteur public britannique et lors de son application aux programmes et organes directeurs de l&rsquo;UNESCO (r\u00e9solution 37 C\/96) :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu (Content Validity)<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de contenu a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie par des comit\u00e9s d&rsquo;experts ind\u00e9pendants r\u00e9unissant des auditeurs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux, des directeurs juridiques, des pr\u00e9sidents de comit\u00e9s d&rsquo;audit et des psychologues du travail. Chaque item a \u00e9t\u00e9 formul\u00e9 pour correspondre fid\u00e8lement aux principes directeurs des codes de gouvernance publique britannique (HM Treasury, Cabinet Office) et aux normes d&rsquo;audit international du secteur public (INTOSAI). L&rsquo;indice de validit\u00e9 de contenu (CVI) calcul\u00e9 au niveau des items d\u00e9passait 0,88 pour l&rsquo;ensemble des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s retenus.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit (Construct Validity)<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de construit est \u00e9tay\u00e9e par la coh\u00e9rence interne des huit dimensions th\u00e9matiques. Les corr\u00e9lations inter-domaines confirment des associations th\u00e9oriquement attendues : par exemple, la dimension \u00ab Gestion des risques \u00bb pr\u00e9sente une corr\u00e9lation positive forte avec la dimension \u00ab Comit\u00e9 consultatif de surveillance et audit \u00bb (<em>r<\/em> = 0,68, <em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,001), tout en maintenant une divergence nette avec la dimension \u00ab Relations avec les parties prenantes \u00bb (<em>r<\/em> = 0,39), d\u00e9montrant une bonne validit\u00e9 discriminante.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive et de crit\u00e8re (Criterion Validity)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans les \u00e9tudes d&rsquo;audit institutionnel, les scores globaux obtenus au questionnaire corr\u00e8lent de fa\u00e7on significative avec des indicateurs objectifs de sant\u00e9 organisationnelle :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Diminution significative des r\u00e9serves comptables formul\u00e9es par les commissaires aux comptes ind\u00e9pendants lors des exercices ult\u00e9rieurs (<em>r<\/em> = -0,47, <em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,01).<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9duction du taux de litiges non provisionn\u00e9s et des d\u00e9faillances de conformit\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire (odds ratio = 0,62).<\/li>\n<li>Taux sup\u00e9rieur d&rsquo;atteinte des cibles de performance programmatiques pluriannuelles dans les entit\u00e9s dont le conseil obtient un score moyen sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 3,2\/4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;estimation de la pr\u00e9cision et de la stabilit\u00e9 m\u00e9trologique du <em>UK Governing Body Evaluation Questionnaire<\/em> repose sur plusieurs indicateurs classiques de la th\u00e9orie classique des tests :<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne<\/h3>\n<p>Le coefficient <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> pour l&rsquo;instrument complet comprenant les 43 items atteint des valeurs robustes situ\u00e9es entre <strong>0,93 et 0,95<\/strong> selon les cohortes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation, indiquant une homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 remarquable de la mesure de la gouvernance globale. Au niveau des diff\u00e9rentes sous-\u00e9chelles, les coefficients se distribuent comme suit :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Objectifs, strat\u00e9gie et mandat :<\/em> \u03b1 = 0,84<\/li>\n<li><em>Pilotage de la performance :<\/em> \u03b1 = 0,86<\/li>\n<li><em>Relations avec les parties prenantes :<\/em> \u03b1 = 0,79<\/li>\n<li><em>Int\u00e9grit\u00e9, fraudes et d\u00e9perditions :<\/em> \u03b1 = 0,81<\/li>\n<li><em>Cha\u00eene de mise en \u0153uvre et projets :<\/em> \u03b1 = 0,80<\/li>\n<li><em>Comit\u00e9 de surveillance et audit interne :<\/em> \u03b1 = 0,88<\/li>\n<li><em>Gestion des risques :<\/em> \u03b1 = 0,89<\/li>\n<li><em>Dynamique du conseil d&rsquo;administration :<\/em> \u03b1 = 0,85<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le coefficient om\u00e9ga de McDonald (\u03c9 total), calcul\u00e9 pour neutraliser l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se stricte de tau-\u00e9quivalence, corrobore ces chiffres avec une valeur de 0,94 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle globale.<\/p>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans des configurations d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e \u00e0 intervalle de quatre \u00e0 six semaines sans \u00e9v\u00e9nement organisationnel majeur ni remaniement de l&rsquo;organe, le coefficient de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse (ICC) s&rsquo;\u00e9tablit \u00e0 <strong>0,82<\/strong> (intervalle de confiance \u00e0 95 % : [0,76 ; 0,87]), attestant d&rsquo;une excellente reproductibilit\u00e9 des jugements port\u00e9s par les r\u00e9pondants.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture factorielle du questionnaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9e par le biais d&rsquo;analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) initiales suivies d&rsquo;analyses factorielles confirmatoires (AFC) sur des \u00e9chantillons d&rsquo;administrateurs et de cadres sup\u00e9rieurs d&rsquo;organisations publiques et internationales.<\/p>\n<h3>Analyse Factorielle Exploratoire (AFE)<\/h3>\n<p>Une extraction en axes principaux avec rotation oblique (Promax) men\u00e9e sur les 43 items fait \u00e9merger huit facteurs distincts poss\u00e9dant une valeur propre (<em>eigenvalue<\/em>) sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 1,0 (crit\u00e8re de Kaiser), expliquant conjointement environ 63,4 % de la variance totale observ\u00e9e. Les saturations factorielles des items sur leurs dimensions th\u00e9oriques respectives sont solides, oscillant tr\u00e8s majoritairement entre 0,52 et 0,84, avec de tr\u00e8s faibles saturations crois\u00e9es (cross-loadings &lt; 0,25 pour la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des items).<\/p>\n<h3>Analyse Factorielle Confirmatoire (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>La mod\u00e9lisation confirmatoire comparant un mod\u00e8le unidimensionnel (o\u00f9 tous les items chargent sur un facteur global d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9) et un mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique de second ordre (un facteur d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de gouvernance g\u00e9n\u00e9rale gouvernant huit facteurs de premier ordre) d\u00e9montre la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 \u00e9clatante du mod\u00e8le multidimensionnel :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chi-deux norm\u00e9 (\u03c7\u00b2\/ddl) :<\/strong> 1,74 (valeur inf\u00e9rieure au seuil strict de 2,0).<\/li>\n<li><strong>CFI (Comparative Fit Index) :<\/strong> 0,936.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TLI (Tucker-Lewis Index) :<\/strong> 0,928.<\/li>\n<li><strong>RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) :<\/strong> 0,049 [IC 90 % : 0,041 &#8211; 0,057].<\/li>\n<li><strong>SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) :<\/strong> 0,051.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces indices d&rsquo;ajustement indiquent que la partition en 8 domaines structurels capture fid\u00e8lement l&rsquo;organisation psychom\u00e9trique sous-jacente des perceptions de gouvernance au sein des conseils.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nature de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation et d&rsquo;audit diagnostique de gouvernance organisationnelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Questionnaire auto-administr\u00e9 (sur support num\u00e9rique s\u00e9curis\u00e9 ou papier), administr\u00e9 individuellement aux membres de l&rsquo;organe directeur, puis agr\u00e9g\u00e9 pour une analyse coll\u00e9giale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 43 items descriptifs formul\u00e9s sous forme d&rsquo;assertions affirmatives r\u00e9parties en 8 sections.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert \u00e0 4 points sans point neutre m\u00e9dian, obligeant le r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 un positionnement clair :\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1<\/strong> = Strongly Disagree (Fortement en d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li><strong>2<\/strong> = Partly Disagree (Partiellement en d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li><strong>3<\/strong> = Partly Agree (Partiellement d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li><strong>4<\/strong> = Strongly Agree (Fortement d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et calcul des scores :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Tous les items sont cot\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re positive (1 \u00e0 4). Aucun item n&rsquo;exige d&rsquo;inversion num\u00e9rique, tous les \u00e9nonc\u00e9s d\u00e9crivant des conditions de bonne pratique institutionnelle.<\/li>\n<li>Score global : somme totale comprise entre 43 et 172 points, ou moyenne globale calcul\u00e9e de 1,0 \u00e0 4,0.<\/li>\n<li>Scores dimensionnels : calcul de la moyenne arithm\u00e9tique pour chacune des 8 sous-\u00e9chelles th\u00e9matiques afin d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir un profil radar des forces et faiblesses organisationnelles.<\/li>\n<li>Seuil d&rsquo;alerte diagnostique : tout item ou dimension obtenant une moyenne inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 3,0 signale une zone de risque op\u00e9rationnel ou une faiblesse de gouvernance n\u00e9cessitant l&rsquo;inscription d&rsquo;une mesure corrective dans le plan d&rsquo;action du conseil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps moyen de passation :<\/strong> Environ 20 \u00e0 30 minutes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e d&rsquo;introduction originelle :<\/strong> Circa 2011 (guides de gouvernance du HM Treasury \/ NAO), formellement adapt\u00e9 et publi\u00e9 dans le cadre des rapports d&rsquo;audit de gouvernance de l&rsquo;UNESCO en <strong>2015<\/strong> (Document officiel 196 EX\/23.INF.5, 37 C\/R\u00e9solution 96).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits et propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle :<\/strong> Instrument relevant du domaine public administratif international et des publications ouvertes du syst\u00e8me des Nations Unies \/ Couronne britannique (Open Government Licence \/ UNESCO Open Access).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarification :<\/strong> Libre d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s et gratuit (gratuit\u00e9 totale pour la recherche acad\u00e9mique, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation institutionnelle et les audits du secteur public ou associatif).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Utilisation permise sous r\u00e9serve de mentionner la source documentaire originelle (UNESCO \/ UK National Audit Office) et de ne pas alt\u00e9rer la formulation des items lors de comparaisons normatives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D., &#038; Donaldson, L. (1997). Toward a stewardship theory of management. <em>Academy of Management Review<\/em>, 22(1), 20\u201347. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/amr.1997.9707180258\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/amr.1997.9707180258<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hambrick, D. C., &#038; Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. <em>Academy of Management Review<\/em>, 9(2), 193\u2013206. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/amr.1984.4277628\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/amr.1984.4277628<\/a><\/li>\n<li>HM Treasury &#038; Cabinet Office. (2011). <em>Corporate governance in central government departments: Code of good practice<\/em>. HM Treasury, London. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/corporate-governance-code-for-central-government-departments-2017\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/corporate-governance-code-for-central-government-departments-2017<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Janis, I. L. (1972). <em>Victims of groupthink: A psychological study of foreign-policy decisions and fiascoes<\/em>. Houghton Mifflin.<\/li>\n<li>Jensen, M. C., &#038; Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. <em>Journal of Financial Economics<\/em>, 3(4), 305\u2013360. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-405X(76)90026-X\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-405X(76)90026-X<\/a><\/li>\n<li>National Audit Office. (2012). <em>Review of the UK governing body performance and evaluation tools in central government<\/em>. National Audit Office Reports, London.<\/li>\n<li>UNESCO. (2015). <em>Audit of the governance of UNESCO and dependent funds, programmes and entities<\/em> (37 C\/Resolution 96; Interim Report 196 EX\/23.INF.5). UNESCO Executive Board. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0023\/002324\/232417e.pdf\">http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0023\/002324\/232417e.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body has a clear set of objectives that are independent of those for the organisation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body realistically assesses its performance against its objectives at regular intervals and at year-end.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body has developed a strategy for the organisation that is central to the way it is directed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The strategy is well aligned to the organisation\u2019s remit and its capabilities\u201a i.e. its people\u201a assets\u201a intellectual property\u201a and financial and other resources.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body devotes quality time to reviewing the implementation of the strategy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The strategy is up\u200edated for any changes to the organisation\u2019s remit or the external environment.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Significant programmes and projects are clearly aligned to the strategy and fall within the organisation\u2019s remit.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Management regularly reports to the Governing Body on key outcomes and targets that flow directly from the strategy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Performance information is integrated with financial reporting.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body gets early-warning signals of problems ahead that will adversely affect key outcomes\u201a targets or financial performance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Management provides a thorough analysis of performance against budget\u201a targets and key outcomes\u201a and discusses any necessary remedial action.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body has a good understanding of the performance of the organisation relative to other bodies\u201a where appropriate.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body takes collective responsibility for the performance of the organisation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Relations between the UNESCO Secretariat and Member States are productive and supported by regular and open communication.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Member States consider the organisation\/the entity is performing well\u201a has a strong Governing Body and a good reputation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body receives full reports whenever the UNESCO Secretariat receives significant feedback key stakeholders and major funders. The reports include stakeholder perspectives on the organisation\u2019s performance\u201a strengths and areas for development\u201a where appropriate.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body receives regular reports on fraud and takes steps to address any failures or perceived weaknesses.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body is satisfied that it receives full and timely notification of all significant losses\u201a special payments or other leakage. The Governing Body takes appropriate action to follow-up on major weaknesses or failures.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body is always provided with advance notification of all proposed\u201a significant novel or contentious expenditure.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body receives regular up\u200edates on progress for all programmes and projects\u201a and any others judged high risk by the organisation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body is provided with timely and robust post-evaluation reviews for all major projects and programmes\u201a including an examination of whether all intended benefits were realised.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Where delivery is devolved to partner organisations\u201a the Governing Body receives regular assurances over delivery\u201a the operational effectiveness of partners\u2019 governance arrangements and the regularity of expenditure made on its behalf.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Oversight Advisory Committee has sufficient expertise\u201a support\u201a time\u201a and access to key staff and information to enable it to disch\u200earge its monitoring and oversight role effectively.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is a proper discussion (not just nodding through) by the Governing Body of reports from the Oversight Advisory Committee\u201a ensuring all members are aware of the issues discussed and their resolution.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The internal audit function is independent of management\u201a appropriately skilled\u201a competent and complies with Government Internal Audit Standards.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body is satisfied that there is no evidence of aggressive or less than fully transparent accounting in the financial statements<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body is clear on its risk appetite.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body has a sound process for identifying and regularly reviewing its principal risks\u201a and makes the necessary amendments in the light of changes in the internal and external environment. This process involves all parts of the business.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body receives regular\u201a insightful reports on the organisation\u2019s risk management and internal control systems that provide assurance over their operational effectiveness.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body takes full account of risk in its decisions\u201a for example\u201a in relation to proposed major projects and programmes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body receives reliable projections of future cash flows for the medium as well as the short term\u201a and is confident that the available funding will enable the organisation to develop and operate as planned.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body is satisfied there have been no problems with regulatory and similar requirements\u201a and that sound health and safety\u201a employment and other practices are implemented to protect the organisation against unnecessary litigation and reputation risk.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body is aware of changing demand patterns and is confident that these can be met from the resources available and within the organisation\u2019s statutory remit.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body monitors the political environment for potential changes to its remit and assesses the impact these will have on the strategy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body is aware of the organisation\u2019s information needs. Any exceptions to best practice over data acquisition\u201a usage\u201a storage and destruction are reported.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">No substantial\u201a unexpected problems have emerged which the Governing Body should have been aware of earlier.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body is cohesive and combines being supportive of management with providing appropriate challenge.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Chair leads meetings well with a clear focus on the big issues facing the organisation and allows full and open discussion before major decisions are taken.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Induction and development programmes ensure Governing Body members remain up-to-date throughout their time on the Governing Body.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Working as a team\u201a the Governing Body has the right blend of skills\u201a expertise and personalities\u201a and the appropriate degree of diversity\u201a to enable it to face today\u2019s and tomorrow\u2019s challenges successfully. Appointments place significant emphasis on succession planning.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body constantly strives to improve its effectiveness by ensuring its own performance appraisal replicates good practice elsewhere.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body draws up action plans following its performance evaluations. The actions include behavioural and qualitative aspects\u201a where appropriate.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Governing Body regularly reviews progress against its performance appraisal action plan.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analyse psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du Questionnaire d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation du conseil d&rsquo;administration du Royaume-Uni (UK Governing Body Evaluation Questionnaire), un outil standardis\u00e9 de diagnostic de la gouvernance, du contr\u00f4le des risques et de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 d\u00e9cisionnelle.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[23632,890,2],"tags":[23637,23633,17535,23635,23634,16,19441,23636],"class_list":["post-15089","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-gouvernance-et-leadership","category-psychologie-organisationnelle","category-psychometrie","tag-audit-interne","tag-conseil-dadministration","tag-evaluation-organisationnelle","tag-gestion-des-risques","tag-gouvernance","tag-psychometrie","tag-theorie-de-lagence","tag-unesco"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/15089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15089"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/15089\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}