{"id":14927,"date":"2026-10-08T04:34:57","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T04:34:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/exemples-items-questionnaire-auto-efficacite-mnesique-mseq\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T04:34:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T04:34:57","slug":"exemples-items-questionnaire-auto-efficacite-mnesique-mseq","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=exemples-items-questionnaire-auto-efficacite-mnesique-mseq","title":{"rendered":"Exemples d&rsquo;items du Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 mn\u00e9sique (MSEQ)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 mn\u00e9sique<\/strong> (<em>Memory Self-Efficacy Questionnaire<\/em> ou <strong>MSEQ<\/strong>), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Jane M. Berry, Robin L. West et Dierdre M. Dennehey (1989), constitue un instrument psychom\u00e9trique de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence con\u00e7u pour op\u00e9rationnaliser et \u00e9valuer le sentiment d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle appliqu\u00e9 au fonctionnement de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A9moire_(psychologie)\">m\u00e9moire<\/a> chez les adultes et les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es. Ancr\u00e9 dans la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9orie_sociale_cognitive\">th\u00e9orie sociale cognitive<\/a> d&rsquo;Albert Bandura, le MSEQ postule que les croyances m\u00e9tacognitives relatives \u00e0 ses propres capacit\u00e9s mn\u00e9siques influencent directement les strat\u00e9gies cognitives d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es, l&rsquo;effort consenti, la pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance face \u00e0 la difficult\u00e9 et, en fin de compte, la performance mn\u00e9sique objective.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument complet comprend 50 items r\u00e9partis de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e sur 10 domaines \u00e9cologiques de la m\u00e9moire quotidienne (ex. m\u00e9morisation d&rsquo;une liste de courses, orientation spatiale \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;itin\u00e9raires, rappel de noms et de visages, r\u00e9tention de num\u00e9ros de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone, r\u00e9alisation de courses et t\u00e2ches quotidiennes). Chaque domaine \u00e9value cinq paliers de difficult\u00e9 graduelle. L&rsquo;architecture de r\u00e9ponse adopte un format standardis\u00e9 en deux \u00e9tapes conforme aux directives de Bandura : un jugement dichotomique d&rsquo;aptitude (\u00ab Pouvez-vous accomplir cette t\u00e2che ? \u00bb : Oui \/ Non), suivi, en cas de r\u00e9ponse affirmative, d&rsquo;une estimation du niveau de certitude allant de 10 % (\u00ab Pas du tout certain \u00bb) \u00e0 100 % (\u00ab Tout \u00e0 fait certain \u00bb) par incr\u00e9ments de 10 % (la r\u00e9ponse \u00ab Non \u00bb recevant automatiquement un score de certitude de 0 %).<\/p>\n<p>Le MSEQ g\u00e9n\u00e8re deux indicateurs psychom\u00e9triques fondamentaux : le niveau d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 (<em>MSEQ Level<\/em>, mesurant l&rsquo;amplitude per\u00e7ue des comp\u00e9tences) et la force d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 (<em>MSEQ Strength<\/em>, refl\u00e9tant la certitude moyenne accord\u00e9e \u00e0 ces comp\u00e9tences). Les \u00e9tudes de validation d\u00e9montrent une coh\u00e9rence interne exceptionnelle (coefficients alpha de Cronbach g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement situ\u00e9s entre 0,90 et 0,96 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle globale), une excellente stabilit\u00e9 temporelle test-retest, ainsi qu&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante robuste face aux mesures d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire, de m\u00e9tam\u00e9moire g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et d&rsquo;\u00e9preuves de rappel libre en laboratoire.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Auto-efficacit\u00e9 mn\u00e9sique, MSEQ, m\u00e9tam\u00e9moire, m\u00e9moire quotidienne, vieillissement cognitif, th\u00e9orie sociale cognitive, psychom\u00e9trie, \u00e9valuation neuropsychologique, croyances d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9, d\u00e9clin cognitif per\u00e7u.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>Le <em>Memory Self-Efficacy Questionnaire<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 et valid\u00e9 par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans la psychologie du d\u00e9veloppement cognitif et le vieillissement :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Jane M. Berry, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Actuellement affili\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Richmond (Department of Psychology, Richmond, Virginie, \u00c9tats-Unis) ; lors des travaux initiaux, rattach\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;<em>Institute of Personality Assessment and Research<\/em> de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Californie \u00e0 Berkeley. Ses travaux portent principalement sur l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9, la m\u00e9moire prospective et le m\u00e9tacognition chez l&rsquo;adulte vieillissant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Robin L. West, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeure \u00e9m\u00e9rite au D\u00e9partement de Psychologie de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Floride (Gainesville, Floride, \u00c9tats-Unis). Sp\u00e9cialiste renomm\u00e9e des interventions cognitives, de la plasticit\u00e9 mn\u00e9sique et des croyances d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation chez les a\u00een\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dierdre M. Dennehey, M.S.<\/strong> : Chercheuse associ\u00e9e au D\u00e9partement de Psychologie de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Floride lors du d\u00e9veloppement et des premi\u00e8res \u00e9tudes normatives de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Memory Self-Efficacy Questionnaire<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour combler une lacune th\u00e9orique et m\u00e9thodologique majeure dans l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A9tacognition\">m\u00e9tam\u00e9moire<\/a>. Avant la cr\u00e9ation du MSEQ, les questionnaires existants \u00e9valuaient principalement les plaintes mn\u00e9siques subjectives globales ou les affects anxieux sans isoler les jugements prospectifs de comp\u00e9tence face \u00e0 des exigences de t\u00e2ches sp\u00e9cifiques et calibr\u00e9es. L&rsquo;objectif premier du MSEQ est d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnaliser rigoureusement le concept d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle appliqu\u00e9 au domaine cognitif, en offrant une mesure granulaire de ce que les individus pensent \u00eatre capables d&rsquo;accomplir dans des situations mn\u00e9siques concr\u00e8tes de la vie courante.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan de la recherche fondamentale et clinique, le MSEQ r\u00e9pond \u00e0 plusieurs n\u00e9cessit\u00e9s imp\u00e9ratives :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Diff\u00e9rencier la comp\u00e9tence mn\u00e9sique objective de la croyance subjective :<\/strong> Les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es rapportent fr\u00e9quemment un d\u00e9clin mn\u00e9sique disproportionn\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 leurs alt\u00e9rations cognitives r\u00e9elles mesur\u00e9es par des tests standardis\u00e9s. Le MSEQ permet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer dans quelle mesure de faibles performances r\u00e9sultent d&rsquo;un d\u00e9ficit structural ou d&rsquo;un d\u00e9ficit d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 conduisant \u00e0 l&rsquo;abandon pr\u00e9matur\u00e9, \u00e0 l&rsquo;absence de strat\u00e9gies \u00e9labor\u00e9es ou \u00e0 une anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation invalidante.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e9dire l&rsquo;engagement cognitif et la performance :<\/strong> En accord avec la th\u00e9orie de Bandura, une forte auto-efficacit\u00e9 mn\u00e9sique pr\u00e9dit une utilisation spontan\u00e9e plus fr\u00e9quente de strat\u00e9gies mn\u00e9motechniques profondes (imagerie mentale, organisation s\u00e9mantique) et une meilleure tol\u00e9rance aux \u00e9checs transitoires lors de protocoles d&rsquo;apprentissage verbal ou spatial.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuer les interventions d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement mn\u00e9sique :<\/strong> Dans les programmes de rem\u00e9diation cognitive ou de stimulation cognitive pour seniors, le gain de performance est souvent m\u00e9diatis\u00e9 par la restauration de la confiance en ses propres capacit\u00e9s cognitives. Le MSEQ sert d&rsquo;outil standardis\u00e9 pr\u00e9- et post-intervention pour attester du rehaussement des croyances d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9pistage et prise en charge en psycho-g\u00e9riatrie :<\/strong> Identifier les profils d&rsquo;individus pr\u00e9sentant un effondrement de leur sentiment d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 permet de cibler des th\u00e9rapies cognitivo-comportementales centr\u00e9es sur la restructuration des croyances m\u00e9tacognitives n\u00e9gatives et des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit mesur\u00e9 par le MSEQ est l&rsquo;<strong>auto-efficacit\u00e9 mn\u00e9sique sp\u00e9cifique au domaine<\/strong> (<em>domain-specific memory self-efficacy<\/em>). Contrairement \u00e0 l&rsquo;estime de soi g\u00e9n\u00e9rale ou au sentiment d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle global (tel que mesur\u00e9 par l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de Schwarzer et Jerusalem), ce construit d\u00e9signe le jugement dynamique et situ\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une personne porte sur ses aptitudes \u00e0 mobiliser les ressources cognitives n\u00e9cessaires pour r\u00e9pondre aux exigences mn\u00e9siques de situations \u00e9cologiques vari\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Le construit s&rsquo;articule autour de deux m\u00e9triques psychom\u00e9triques ins\u00e9parables, directement d\u00e9riv\u00e9es de la th\u00e9orie sociocognitive :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Le niveau d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 (<em>MSEQ Level<\/em>) :<\/strong> Repr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;amplitude verticale ou le seuil maximal de difficult\u00e9 per\u00e7u. Il quantifie le nombre total de t\u00e2ches ou de paliers de difficult\u00e9 qu&rsquo;un individu s&rsquo;estime capable de r\u00e9ussir avec succ\u00e8s (total des r\u00e9ponses \u00ab Oui \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><strong>La force d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 (<em>MSEQ Strength<\/em>) :<\/strong> Repr\u00e9sente la certitude psychologique ou la r\u00e9silience de la croyance. Elle refl\u00e8te le degr\u00e9 de confiance associ\u00e9 \u00e0 la performance projet\u00e9e, calcul\u00e9 par la moyenne des pourcentages de certitude attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;ensemble des items (les refus \u00ab Non \u00bb recevant 0 %).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le MSEQ \u00e9chantillonne ce construit \u00e0 travers <strong>10 domaines fonctionnels<\/strong> \u00e9cologiquement valides :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1. Liste de courses entendue oralement (<em>Grocery List<\/em>) :<\/strong> R\u00e9tention s\u00e9rielle et libre d&rsquo;items lexicaux du quotidien pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s par voie auditive \u00e0 deux reprises (gradu\u00e9 de 2 \u00e0 12 articles).<\/li>\n<li><strong>2. Orientation et itin\u00e9raires (<em>Directions<\/em>) :<\/strong> Encodage et restitution d&rsquo;instructions spatiales s\u00e9quentielles impliquant des changements de direction et des points de rep\u00e8re (gradu\u00e9 de 2 \u00e0 10 \u00e9tapes).<\/li>\n<li><strong>3. R\u00e9cit de fiction \/ Roman (<em>Novel \/ Story<\/em>) :<\/strong> R\u00e9tention en m\u00e9moire \u00e9pisodique \u00e0 long terme de noms de personnages au sein d&rsquo;une structure narrative complexe (gradu\u00e9 de 2 \u00e0 20 personnages).<\/li>\n<li><strong>4. Noms et visages (<em>Names and Faces<\/em>) :<\/strong> Association associative intermodale n\u00e9cessitant de coupler un patronyme \u00e0 un visage lors d&rsquo;une interaction sociale (gradu\u00e9 de 1 \u00e0 15 identit\u00e9s).<\/li>\n<li><strong>5. Courses et d\u00e9marches quotidiennes (<em>Errands \/ Tasks to Do<\/em>) :<\/strong> Composante de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A9moire_prospective\">m\u00e9moire prospective<\/a> bas\u00e9e sur le rappel sans aide externe d&rsquo;intentions d&rsquo;action \u00e0 ex\u00e9cuter au fil de la journ\u00e9e (gradu\u00e9 de 2 \u00e0 10 d\u00e9marches).<\/li>\n<li><strong>6. Num\u00e9ros de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone (<em>Telephone Numbers<\/em>) :<\/strong> Capacit\u00e9 de m\u00e9moire de travail et de boucle phonologique requise pour composer imm\u00e9diatement un num\u00e9ro consult\u00e9 une seule fois dans un annuaire (gradu\u00e9 de 3 \u00e0 7 chiffres).<\/li>\n<li><strong>7. Liste de mots \u00e9crits (<em>Word List<\/em>) :<\/strong> M\u00e9morisation verbale visuelle de substantifs familiers apr\u00e8s un temps d&rsquo;\u00e9tude fix\u00e9 \u00e0 deux minutes (gradu\u00e9 de 2 \u00e0 18 mots sur une liste de 20).<\/li>\n<li><strong>8. Ex\u00e9cution d&rsquo;une recette (<em>Following a Recipe<\/em>) :<\/strong> R\u00e9tention proc\u00e9durale et \u00e9pisodique d&rsquo;ingr\u00e9dients \u00e0 int\u00e9grer dans une pr\u00e9paration culinaire apr\u00e8s une unique lecture (gradu\u00e9 de 2 \u00e0 10 ingr\u00e9dients).<\/li>\n<li><strong>9. Localisation spatiale d&rsquo;objets (<em>Objects Left in a Room<\/em>) :<\/strong> M\u00e9moire topographique et spatiale portant sur l&#8217;emplacement pr\u00e9cis d&rsquo;objets usuels d\u00e9pos\u00e9s dans l&rsquo;environnement domestique (gradu\u00e9 de 2 \u00e0 10 objets).<\/li>\n<li><strong>10. Rappel d&rsquo;un journal t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9 (<em>Retelling a News Story<\/em>) :<\/strong> R\u00e9tention d&rsquo;informations factuelles complexes et s\u00e9mantiques diffus\u00e9es dans un bulletin d&rsquo;actualit\u00e9s t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9 (gradu\u00e9 de 2 \u00e0 10 faits pr\u00e9cis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le socle th\u00e9orique du MSEQ repose int\u00e9gralement sur la <strong>th\u00e9orie sociale cognitive<\/strong> formalis\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Bandura\">Albert Bandura<\/a> (1977, 1986, 1997). Selon ce paradigme, les individus ne sont pas de simples r\u00e9cepteurs passifs d&rsquo;informations cognitives, mais des agents actifs exer\u00e7ant un contr\u00f4le direct sur leurs fonctions psychologiques par le biais de m\u00e9canismes d&rsquo;autor\u00e9gulation et d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation.<\/p>\n<p>Bandura postule que le sentiment d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle (<em>self-efficacy<\/em>) \u2014 d\u00e9fini comme la croyance en ses capacit\u00e9s \u00e0 organiser et ex\u00e9cuter les s\u00e9quences d&rsquo;actions requises pour produire des r\u00e9sultats donn\u00e9s \u2014 constitue le d\u00e9terminant proximal le plus puissant de la motivation et de l&rsquo;action. Dans le champ de la psychologie cognitive et du vieillissement, Berry et West ont transpos\u00e9 ce mod\u00e8le en postulant que l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 mn\u00e9sique module la cha\u00eene du traitement cognitif \u00e0 plusieurs niveaux n\u00e9vralgiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>S\u00e9lection des strat\u00e9gies d&rsquo;encodage :<\/strong> Un individu pr\u00e9sentant une auto-efficacit\u00e9 mn\u00e9sique robuste alloue spontan\u00e9ment un effort cognitif sup\u00e9rieur pour construire des m\u00e9diateurs mn\u00e9motechniques, des liens s\u00e9mantiques et des images interactives. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, un faible sentiment d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 incite \u00e0 l&rsquo;adoption de strat\u00e9gies passives (r\u00e9p\u00e9tition m\u00e9canique superficielle) ou \u00e0 la r\u00e9signation cognitive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gestion des ressources attentionnelles et de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 :<\/strong> Les personnes dubitatives quant \u00e0 leur m\u00e9moire orientent une part substantielle de leur capacit\u00e9 attentionnelle vers des pens\u00e9es intrusives de d\u00e9faillance, de honte ou de vieillissement pr\u00e9matur\u00e9. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de \u00ab double t\u00e2che \u00bb interne sature la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A9moire_de_travail\">m\u00e9moire de travail<\/a> et d\u00e9grade directement la performance objective.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance face \u00e0 l&rsquo;interf\u00e9rence :<\/strong> Lors de phases de rappel difficiles ou d&rsquo;interf\u00e9rences proactives, l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e soutient l&rsquo;effort de recherche en m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme, tandis que la faible auto-efficacit\u00e9 entra\u00eene l&rsquo;arr\u00eat pr\u00e9coce de la tentative de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le MSEQ int\u00e8gre rigoureusement la prescription m\u00e9thodologique de Bandura selon laquelle l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle doit \u00eatre mesur\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re micro-analytique face \u00e0 des gradients de difficult\u00e9 hi\u00e9rarchis\u00e9s au sein de domaines comportementaux pr\u00e9cis, plut\u00f4t que par des questions vagues et globales telles que \u00ab Avez-vous une bonne m\u00e9moire ? \u00bb.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique du MSEQ a fait l&rsquo;objet de nombreuses investigations empiriques men\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s de populations d&rsquo;adultes jeunes, d&rsquo;adultes d&rsquo;\u00e2ge moyen et de personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es saines :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de construit est \u00e9tay\u00e9e par la capacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle \u00e0 capturer l&rsquo;effet universel de l&rsquo;\u00e2ge sur les croyances cognitives. Conform\u00e9ment aux hypoth\u00e8ses th\u00e9oriques, les \u00e9tudes initiales de Berry, West et Dennehey (1989) ainsi que les r\u00e9plications ult\u00e9rieures montrent que les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es obtiennent des scores de Niveau et de Force d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 significativement inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux des jeunes adultes sur les domaines exigeants en m\u00e9moire \u00e9pisodique rapide (noms\/visages, listes de mots), tout en maintenant des scores comparables sur des domaines tr\u00e8s familiers ou proc\u00e9duraux (recettes de cuisine, petites courses famili\u00e8res).<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>Le MSEQ pr\u00e9sente des corr\u00e9lations positives mod\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 fortes (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,45\">$r = 0,45$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,65$, $p < 0,001$) avec les sous-\u00e9chelles de capacit\u00e9 du <em>Metamemory in Adulthood<\/em> (MIA) de Dixon et Hultsch, ainsi qu&rsquo;avec le <em>Memory Controllability Inventory<\/em> (MCI). Ces corr\u00e9lations d\u00e9montrent que le MSEQ \u00e9value bien des processus m\u00e9tacognitifs tout en apportant une mesure d&rsquo;amplitude comportementale plus pr\u00e9cise que les questionnaires m\u00e9tacognitifs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument se distingue nettement des mesures de d\u00e9pression globale (comme l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de d\u00e9pression de Beck ou la GDS) et d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (STAI), les corr\u00e9lations demeurant faibles \u00e0 n\u00e9gligeables (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = -0,15\">$r = -0,15$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"-0,28\">$-0,28$<\/span>). Bien que l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire (\u00e9valu\u00e9e par le sous-score Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 du MIA) soit corr\u00e9l\u00e9e n\u00e9gativement avec la force du MSEQ (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r \\approx -0,35\">$r \\approx -0,35$<\/span>), l&rsquo;analyse multivari\u00e9e d\u00e9montre que l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 mn\u00e9sique apporte une variance unique dans l&rsquo;explication des performances cognitives objectives.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive et \u00e9cologique<\/h3>\n<p>De multiples \u00e9tudes de r\u00e9gression hi\u00e9rarchique ont prouv\u00e9 que les scores de Force (<em>MSEQ Strength<\/em>) pr\u00e9disent de mani\u00e8re statistiquement significative la performance ult\u00e9rieure lors de tests de laboratoire (rappel de listes de mots, rappel de textes) ainsi que dans des t\u00e2ches \u00e9cologiques de m\u00e9moire prospective, m\u00eame apr\u00e8s avoir contr\u00f4l\u00e9 statistiquement l&rsquo;\u00e2ge chronologique, le niveau d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation et la vitesse de traitement de l&rsquo;information (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"R^2\">$R^2$<\/span> incr\u00e9mentiel de 8 % \u00e0 14 %).<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du MSEQ atteignent des niveaux d&rsquo;excellence reconnus au sein de la litt\u00e9rature psychom\u00e9trique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coh\u00e9rence interne (Alpha de Cronbach) :<\/strong> Pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle totale (50 items), les coefficients <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha\">$\\alpha$<\/span> de Cronbach oscillent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement entre <strong>0,92 et 0,96<\/strong> pour le score de Force (<em>Strength<\/em>), et entre <strong>0,90 et 0,94<\/strong> pour le score de Niveau (<em>Level<\/em>). Au niveau des dix sous-\u00e9chelles individuelles de cinq items, les coefficients alpha se situent de mani\u00e8re homog\u00e8ne entre <strong>0,78 et 0,89<\/strong>, attestant d&rsquo;une consistance remarquable malgr\u00e9 la bri\u00e8vet\u00e9 de chaque sous-domaine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest :<\/strong> \u00c9valu\u00e9e sur des intervalles de deux \u00e0 six semaines chez des cohortes de personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es autonomes, la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle s&rsquo;av\u00e8re robuste, avec des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intra-classe (CCI) et de Pearson compris entre <strong><span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,81\">$r = 0,81$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,88\">$r = 0,88$<\/span><\/strong> pour la Force globale. Cette stabilit\u00e9 confirme que le MSEQ capture une disposition m\u00e9tacognitive stable tout en demeurant sensible aux interventions d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement cibl\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Erreur standard de mesure (SEM) :<\/strong> La faible erreur standard de mesure associ\u00e9e au score composite de Force conf\u00e8re au MSEQ une pr\u00e9cision clinique suffisante pour d\u00e9tecter les changements individuels statistiquement significatifs (<em>Reliable Change Index<\/em>) dans les protocoles d&rsquo;essais cliniques longitudinaux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>La structure dimensionnelle du MSEQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 minutieusement examin\u00e9e par des m\u00e9thodes d&rsquo;analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE) et d&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC) :<\/p>\n<h3>Analyses Factorielles Exploratoires (AFE)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de Berry, West et Dennehey (1989), l&rsquo;extraction en composantes principales suivie d&rsquo;une rotation oblique (Promax) a mis en \u00e9vidence une organisation multidimensionnelle claire. Dix facteurs de premier ordre ont \u00e9merg\u00e9 avec des valeurs propres sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 1,0, correspondant exactement aux 10 domaines de t\u00e2ches mn\u00e9siques investigu\u00e9s. Les saturations factorielles des items sur leur domaine assign\u00e9 sont \u00e9lev\u00e9es, variant pour la quasi-totalit\u00e9 entre <strong>0,62 et 0,88<\/strong>, sans saturation crois\u00e9e majeure sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0,30 sur les autres facteurs.<\/p>\n<h3>Mod\u00e9lisation Confirmatoire et Hi\u00e9rarchique (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>Des travaux confirmatoires ult\u00e9rieurs ont compar\u00e9 un mod\u00e8le unifactoriel global \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique de second ordre comprenant 10 facteurs primaires subordonn\u00e9s \u00e0 un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;\u00ab Auto-efficacit\u00e9 mn\u00e9sique globale \u00bb :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le mod\u00e8le unifactoriel simple pr\u00e9sente des indices d&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation m\u00e9diocres (RMSEA > 0,08, CFI < 0,82), d\u00e9montrant que la m\u00e9moire per\u00e7ue ne peut \u00eatre r\u00e9duite \u00e0 un construit monolithique non diff\u00e9renci\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Le <strong>mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique de second ordre<\/strong> s&rsquo;ajuste excellemment aux donn\u00e9es empiriques : $chi^2\/df < 2,1<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\",\">$,$<\/span>CFI = 0,94<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\",\">$,$<\/span>TLI = 0,93<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\", et\">$, et$<\/span>RMSEA = 0,046$ (IC 90 % [0,041 ; 0,051]). Dans cette structure, chaque domaine refl\u00e8te fid\u00e8lement ses exigences sp\u00e9cifiques (verbales, visuo-spatiales, de prospective temporelle), tout en alimentant de mani\u00e8re coh\u00e9rente le sentiment d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 cognitive globale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Auto-questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique m\u00e9tacognitif standardis\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon ou passation informatis\u00e9e sur tablette\/ordinateur. Administration individuelle ou collective.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 50 items (10 domaines \u00e9cologiques comprenant chacun 5 \u00e9chelons de difficult\u00e9 gradu\u00e9e).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps de passation :<\/strong> Environ 15 \u00e0 25 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse (authentique et obligatoire) :<\/strong>\n<p>Chaque item comporte imp\u00e9rativement un format de r\u00e9ponse en deux \u00e9tapes :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Jugement dichotomique d&rsquo;aptitude :<\/strong> Le r\u00e9pondant doit d&rsquo;abord d\u00e9terminer s&rsquo;il est capable d&rsquo;accomplir la t\u00e2che d\u00e9crite (\u00ab Pouvez-vous r\u00e9aliser cela ? \u00bb : <strong>Non \/ Oui<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuation du degr\u00e9 de certitude (Force) :<\/strong> Si le r\u00e9pondant choisit \u00ab Oui \u00bb, il doit obligatoirement \u00e9valuer son niveau de confiance sur une \u00e9chelle de pourcentage allant de <strong>10 % \u00e0 100 %<\/strong> par paliers de 10 % (10 % = Pas du tout certain, 50 % = Mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment certain, 100 % = Tout \u00e0 fait certain). Si le r\u00e9pondant r\u00e9pond \u00ab Non \u00bb, le score de certitude associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;item est automatiquement cot\u00e9 \u00e0 <strong>0 %<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et calcul des scores :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Score de Niveau (<em>MSEQ Level<\/em>) :<\/strong> Somme totale des r\u00e9ponses affirmatives (\u00ab Oui \u00bb) \u00e0 travers les 50 items de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle (\u00c9tendue possible : 0 \u00e0 50). Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 indique un spectre large de comp\u00e9tences per\u00e7ues.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score de Force (<em>MSEQ Strength<\/em>) :<\/strong> Moyenne arithm\u00e9tique globale de l&rsquo;ensemble des pourcentages de certitude (les \u00ab Non \u00bb \u00e9tant compt\u00e9s \u00e0 0 % et les \u00ab Oui \u00bb recevant leur pourcentage de 10 % \u00e0 100 %), divis\u00e9e par le nombre total d&rsquo;items (50). (\u00c9tendue possible : 0,0 % \u00e0 100,0 %).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scores sous-dimensionnels :<\/strong> Il est \u00e9galement possible de calculer des scores de Niveau (0 \u00e0 5) et de Force (0 % \u00e0 100 %) distincts pour chacun des 10 domaines mn\u00e9siques sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 1989 (publication princeps dans <em>Developmental Psychology<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut du droit d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> Les droits initiaux de l&rsquo;article sont d\u00e9tenus par l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\">American Psychological Association (APA)<\/a>. L&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 la disposition de la communaut\u00e9 scientifique \u00e0 des fins de recherche fondamentale et clinique non commerciale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Gratuit pour une utilisation acad\u00e9mique, clinique non lucrative ou de recherche universitaire. Aucune redevance commerciale n&rsquo;est pr\u00e9lev\u00e9e pour l&rsquo;utilisation dans le cadre de th\u00e8ses, m\u00e9moires ou essais cliniques institutionnels.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s d&rsquo;obtention et autorisations :<\/strong> Les chercheurs souhaitant employer le questionnaire dans leurs protocoles doivent citer formellement la publication princeps de Berry, West et Dennehey (1989). Toute adaptation commerciale, traduction officielle ou int\u00e9gration logicielle payante requiert une demande formelle aupr\u00e8s des auteurs ou du service des autorisations de l&rsquo;APA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les publications fondatrices et \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence relatives au MSEQ comprennent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. <em>Psychological Review<\/em>, 84(2), 191\u2013215. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bandura, A. (1997). <em>Self-efficacy: The exercise of control<\/em>. W. H. Freeman and Company.<\/li>\n<li>Berry, J. M., West, R. L., &#038; Dennehey, D. M. (1989). Reliability and validity of the Memory Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. <em>Developmental Psychology<\/em>, 25(5), 701\u2013713. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.25.5.701\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0012-1649.25.5.701<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Dixon, R. A., &#038; Hultsch, D. F. (1983). Structure and development of metamemory in adulthood. <em>Journal of Gerontology<\/em>, 38(6), 682\u2013688. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronj\/38.6.682\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronj\/38.6.682<\/a><\/li>\n<li>West, R. L., Bagwell, D. K., &#038; Dark-Freudeman, A. (2005). Self-efficacy and memory aging: The impact of a memory intervention based on self-efficacy. <em>Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition<\/em>, 12(4), 302\u2013320. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13825580500320649\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13825580500320649<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> For each of the following tasks, please indicate whether you think you could perform the task (No or Yes). If you answer Yes, rate how confident you are that you can perform the task on a scale from 10% to 100%.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> Two-part response format for each item: First, a dichotomous judgment of capability (&#039;Can you do this?&#039;: No \/ Yes). Second, if Yes, a confidence rating from 10% to 100% in 10% increments (10% = Not at all confident, 50% = Moderately confident, 100% = Completely confident). If No, confidence is scored as 0%.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> Two primary scores are calculated: MSEQ Level (the total number of &#039;Yes&#039; responses indicating perceived capability across all tasks) and MSEQ Strength (the mean confidence rating across all items, where &#039;No&#039; is scored as 0% and &#039;Yes&#039; receives the indicated percentage 10%-100%, divided by the total number of items).\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Domain 1: Grocery List (Heard Twice)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I heard it twice, I could remember 12 items from a friend&#039;s grocery list of 12 items, without taking any list with me to the store.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I heard it twice, I could remember 10 items from a friend&#039;s grocery list of 12 items, without taking any list with me to the store.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I heard it twice, I could remember 8 items from a friend&#039;s grocery list of 12 items, without taking any list with me to the store.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I heard it twice, I could remember 5 items from a friend&#039;s grocery list of 12 items, without taking any list with me to the store.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I heard it twice, I could remember 2 items from a friend&#039;s grocery list of 12 items, without taking any list with me to the store.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Domain 2: Directions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After being told directions once, I could remember how to get to a location that requires following 10 turns or landmarks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After being told directions once, I could remember how to get to a location that requires following 8 turns or landmarks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After being told directions once, I could remember how to get to a location that requires following 6 turns or landmarks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After being told directions once, I could remember how to get to a location that requires following 4 turns or landmarks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After being told directions once, I could remember how to get to a location that requires following 2 turns or landmarks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Domain 3: Novel \/ Story<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After reading a novel once, I could remember all the major and minor character names (e.g., 20 names).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After reading a novel once, I could remember 15 character names.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After reading a novel once, I could remember 10 character names.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After reading a novel once, I could remember 5 character names.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After reading a novel once, I could remember 2 character names.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Domain 4: Names and Faces<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If introduced to 15 new people at a party, 15 minutes later I could correctly recall all 15 names when seeing their faces.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If introduced to 15 new people at a party, 15 minutes later I could correctly recall 12 names when seeing their faces.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If introduced to 15 new people at a party, 15 minutes later I could correctly recall 8 names when seeing their faces.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If introduced to 15 new people at a party, 15 minutes later I could correctly recall 4 names when seeing their faces.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If introduced to 15 new people at a party, 15 minutes later I could correctly recall 1 name when seeing its face.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Domain 5: Errands \/ Tasks to Do<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If given 10 different errands to run during the day without writing them down, I could remember to complete all 10 errands.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If given 10 different errands to run during the day without writing them down, I could remember to complete 8 errands.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If given 10 different errands to run during the day without writing them down, I could remember to complete 6 errands.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If given 10 different errands to run during the day without writing them down, I could remember to complete 4 errands.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If given 10 different errands to run during the day without writing them down, I could remember to complete 2 errands.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Domain 6: Telephone Numbers<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After looking up a 7-digit telephone number once, I could dial it correctly without looking back at the phone book.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After looking up a 6-digit telephone number once, I could dial it correctly without looking back at the phone book.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After looking up a 5-digit telephone number once, I could dial it correctly without looking back at the phone book.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After looking up a 4-digit telephone number once, I could dial it correctly without looking back at the phone book.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After looking up a 3-digit telephone number once, I could dial it correctly without looking back at the phone book.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Domain 7: Word List<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After seeing a list of 20 words for 2 minutes, I could recall 18 of the words.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After seeing a list of 20 words for 2 minutes, I could recall 14 of the words.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After seeing a list of 20 words for 2 minutes, I could recall 10 of the words.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After seeing a list of 20 words for 2 minutes, I could recall 6 of the words.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After seeing a list of 20 words for 2 minutes, I could recall 2 of the words.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Domain 8: Following a Recipe<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After reading a recipe with 10 ingredients once, I could prepare the dish remembering all 10 ingredients without looking back at the recipe.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After reading a recipe with 10 ingredients once, I could prepare the dish remembering 8 ingredients without looking back at the recipe.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After reading a recipe with 10 ingredients once, I could prepare the dish remembering 6 ingredients without looking back at the recipe.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After reading a recipe with 10 ingredients once, I could prepare the dish remembering 4 ingredients without looking back at the recipe.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After reading a recipe with 10 ingredients once, I could prepare the dish remembering 2 ingredients without looking back at the recipe.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Domain 9: Remembering Objects Left in a Room<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After leaving 10 personal items in various places around a house, I could remember where I put all 10 items without searching.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After leaving 10 personal items in various places around a house, I could remember where I put 8 items without searching.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After leaving 10 personal items in various places around a house, I could remember where I put 6 items without searching.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After leaving 10 personal items in various places around a house, I could remember where I put 4 items without searching.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After leaving 10 personal items in various places around a house, I could remember where I put 2 items without searching.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Domain 10: Retelling a News Story<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After watching an evening news story containing 10 key facts, I could accurately retell all 10 facts to a friend an hour later.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After watching an evening news story containing 10 key facts, I could accurately retell 8 facts to a friend an hour later.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After watching an evening news story containing 10 key facts, I could accurately retell 6 facts to a friend an hour later.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After watching an evening news story containing 10 key facts, I could accurately retell 4 facts to a friend an hour later.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After watching an evening news story containing 10 key facts, I could accurately retell 2 facts to a friend an hour later.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 mn\u00e9sique (MSEQ) de Berry, West et Dennehey (1989) \u00e9value le sentiment d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle et la certitude m\u00e9tacognitive \u00e0 travers 10 domaines de la m\u00e9moire quotidienne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[10462,84,2],"tags":[398,510,12441,6666,4364,23298,6343],"class_list":["post-14927","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-cognitives","category-gerontologie","category-psychometrie","tag-auto-efficacite","tag-bandura","tag-evaluation-neuropsychologique","tag-memoire","tag-metamemoire","tag-mseq","tag-vieillissement-cognitif"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14927","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14927"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14927\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14927"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}