{"id":14867,"date":"2026-10-08T02:04:07","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T02:04:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/indice-d-ajustement-et-de-valeurs-iav\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T02:04:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T02:04:07","slug":"indice-d-ajustement-et-de-valeurs-iav","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=indice-d-ajustement-et-de-valeurs-iav","title":{"rendered":"Indice d&rsquo;ajustement et de valeurs (IAV)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Indice d&rsquo;ajustement et de valeurs<\/strong> (<em>Index of Adjustment and Values<\/em>, ou <strong>IAV<\/strong>), con\u00e7u initialement par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_E._Bills\">Robert E. Bills<\/a>, Edgar L. Vance et O. S. McLean en 1951 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Kentucky, constitue l&rsquo;un des instruments psychom\u00e9triques pionniers dans l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation empirique de la ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie du concept de soi et de l&rsquo;ajustement psychologique. D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans le sillage direct des th\u00e9ories humanistes et rog\u00e9riennes, l&rsquo;IAV op\u00e9rationnalise la dynamique entre le <strong>soi per\u00e7u<\/strong> (<em>actual self<\/em>), l&rsquo;<strong>acceptation de soi<\/strong> (<em>self-acceptance<\/em>) et le <strong>soi id\u00e9al<\/strong> (<em>ideal self<\/em>). L&rsquo;instrument se compose d&rsquo;une liste standardis\u00e9e de 49 adjectifs d\u00e9crivant la personnalit\u00e9 humaine, s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s rigoureusement \u00e0 partir de la liste lexicale d&rsquo;Allport et Odbert. Pour chaque trait, le r\u00e9pondant est invit\u00e9 \u00e0 compl\u00e9ter trois colonnes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation distinctes sur une \u00e9chelle de type Likert en 5 points : la Colonne I quantifie la fr\u00e9quence \u00e0 laquelle le trait correspond \u00e0 la personne telle qu&rsquo;elle se per\u00e7oit ; la Colonne II mesure le degr\u00e9 de satisfaction ou d&rsquo;insatisfaction \u00e9prouv\u00e9 face \u00e0 cette caract\u00e9ristique (acceptation de soi) ; la Colonne III \u00e9value la fr\u00e9quence \u00e0 laquelle l&rsquo;individu souhaiterait poss\u00e9der ce trait (soi id\u00e9al). L&rsquo;\u00e9cart absolu entre la Colonne I et la Colonne III fournit un indice quantitatif de <em>discr\u00e9pance soi-id\u00e9al<\/em>, largement utilis\u00e9 comme indicateur d&rsquo;incongruence ou de m\u00e9sadaptation psychologique. Les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques historiques r\u00e9v\u00e8lent une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest robuste (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement comprise entre 0,83 et 0,91 pour les scores globaux d&rsquo;acceptation et de concept de soi) ainsi qu&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 de construit et convergente confirm\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations significatives avec d&rsquo;autres mesures de personnalit\u00e9 telles que le MMPI, le <em>California Psychological Inventory<\/em> et les indices cliniques d&rsquo;adaptation sociale et scolaire.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Concept de soi, acceptation de soi, soi id\u00e9al, discordance de soi, ajustement psychologique, th\u00e9orie humaniste, Carl Rogers, psychom\u00e9trie, \u00e9valuation de la personnalit\u00e9, Indice d&rsquo;ajustement et de valeurs (IAV)<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Index of Adjustment and Values<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Robert E. Bills, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur de psychologie et doyen associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Kentucky puis \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Alabama. Pionnier de la recherche empirique sur la th\u00e9orie rog\u00e9rienne, l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation centr\u00e9e sur l&rsquo;apprenant et la psychologie ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique appliqu\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Edgar L. Vance, M.A.<\/strong> : Chercheur en psychologie clinique et exp\u00e9rimentale \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Kentucky, co-d\u00e9veloppeur des premiers protocoles exp\u00e9rimentaux d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la discordance du soi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Orlo S. McLean, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Psychologue clinicien et chercheur affili\u00e9 au d\u00e9partement de psychologie de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Kentucky et au Veterans Administration Hospital de Lexington, sp\u00e9cialiste de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation diagnostique et des attitudes th\u00e9rapeutiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les correspondances historiques et les demandes d&rsquo;archives de recherche relatives au manuel standardis\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 centralis\u00e9es par le Department of Psychology de l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ua.edu\/\">University of Alabama<\/a> (Bills, 1956).<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;Index of Adjustment and Values est de fournir une mesure objective, quantitative et standardis\u00e9e de construits ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques qui, jusqu&rsquo;au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1950, demeuraient principalement \u00e9valu\u00e9s par des m\u00e9thodes qualitatives ou par la technique du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Q-sort\">Q-sort<\/a> de Stephenson. Bills et ses collaborateurs cherchaient \u00e0 combler une lacune m\u00e9thodologique majeure : comment op\u00e9rationnaliser le postulat de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carl_Rogers\">Carl Rogers<\/a> selon lequel la sant\u00e9 mentale et le fonctionnement optimal de la personne reposent sur l&rsquo;alignement congruent entre l&rsquo;image r\u00e9elle de soi, l&rsquo;estime de soi affective et les aspirations id\u00e9ales.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan clinique, l&rsquo;IAV est con\u00e7u pour :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c9valuer l&rsquo;<strong>ajustement psychologique global<\/strong> : Identifier les individus souffrant de conflits intrapsychiques s\u00e9v\u00e8res, manifest\u00e9s par une haine de soi (faible acceptation en Colonne II) ou une distance excessive entre l&rsquo;\u00e9tat actuel et l&rsquo;id\u00e9al inaccessible (score de discr\u00e9pance \u00e9lev\u00e9 I-III).<\/li>\n<li>Mesurer les <strong>effets de la psychoth\u00e9rapie<\/strong> : Servir d&rsquo;instrument pr\u00e9- et post-test pour objectiver si une intervention clinique r\u00e9ussie induit un rapprochement entre le soi r\u00e9el et le soi id\u00e9al, ou une augmentation de l&rsquo;auto-acceptation inconditionnelle.<\/li>\n<li>Diff\u00e9rencier les profils d&rsquo;adaptation : Classifier les sujets en groupes distincts d&rsquo;individus bien ajust\u00e9s (auto-acceptants), mal ajust\u00e9s (rejet de soi) ou d\u00e9fensifs (affirmation artificielle d&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation sans flexibilit\u00e9 psychologique).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans les contextes organisationnels et \u00e9ducatifs, l&rsquo;IAV a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement mobilis\u00e9 pour examiner les corr\u00e9lations entre l&rsquo;acceptation de soi et l&rsquo;acceptation d&rsquo;autrui (Bills, 1953), le rendement acad\u00e9mique des \u00e9tudiants, le leadership d\u00e9mocratique et l&rsquo;adaptation au travail chez les travailleurs industriels (Lefkowitz, 1967). L&rsquo;outil offre ainsi une passerelle rigoureuse entre la psychologie ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique et la m\u00e9trologie diff\u00e9rentielle.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;Index of Adjustment and Values repose sur un mod\u00e8le tri-dimensionnel articulant perception cognitive, r\u00e9action affective et projection aspirationnelle de l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 personnelle. Chacune de ces facettes est captur\u00e9e simultan\u00e9ment \u00e0 travers une m\u00eame matrice de 49 descripteurs de personnalit\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Le concept de soi per\u00e7u (Colonne I : Perceived Self)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value la composante descriptive et cognitive du soi : \u00ab Comment suis-je concr\u00e8tement dans la vie quotidienne ? \u00bb L&rsquo;individu estime la fr\u00e9quence temporelle \u00e0 laquelle chaque trait s&rsquo;applique \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame (de 1 = <em>Rarement<\/em> \u00e0 5 = <em>La plupart du temps<\/em>). Par exemple, pour l&rsquo;adjectif <em>\u00ab competent \u00bb<\/em> ou <em>\u00ab nervous \u00bb<\/em>, le r\u00e9pondant quantifie sa manifestation comportementale auto-observ\u00e9e. Ce score refl\u00e8te la structure du soi ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nal dans le champ perceptif de l&rsquo;acteur.<\/p>\n<h3>2. L&rsquo;acceptation de soi (Colonne II : Self-Acceptance)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante capture la valence affective ou \u00e9valuative attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 sa propre mani\u00e8re d&rsquo;\u00eatre : \u00ab Comment est-ce que je me sens vis-\u00e0-vis du fait d&rsquo;\u00eatre ainsi ? \u00bb Sur une \u00e9chelle gradu\u00e9e de 1 (<em>D\u00e9teste profond\u00e9ment \u00eatre ainsi<\/em>) \u00e0 5 (<em>Aime beaucoup \u00eatre ainsi<\/em>), le participant exprime son approbation ou sa r\u00e9probation \u00e9motionnelle \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard de chaque facette de sa personnalit\u00e9. Selon Bills, un individu psychologiquement ajust\u00e9 manifeste un niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 d&rsquo;acceptation de soi globale, ce qui ne signifie pas une autosatisfaction complaisante, mais l&rsquo;absence de rejet destructeur de sa propre condition.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Le soi id\u00e9al (Colonne III : Ideal Self)<\/h3>\n<p>Le soi id\u00e9al quantifie le niveau d&rsquo;aspiration et les valeurs int\u00e9rioris\u00e9es par l&rsquo;individu : \u00ab Dans quelle mesure souhaiterais-je que ce trait me caract\u00e9rise ? \u00bb L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle s&rsquo;\u00e9tend de 1 (<em>Rarement<\/em>) \u00e0 5 (<em>La plupart du temps<\/em>). Cette mesure formalise le syst\u00e8me de valeurs personnelles et normatives de l&rsquo;individu, repr\u00e9sentant ce que la personne valorise intrins\u00e8quement comme mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;excellence ou de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 existentielle.<\/p>\n<h3>4. L&rsquo;indice de discr\u00e9pance soi-id\u00e9al (|I &#8211; III|)<\/h3>\n<p>Au-del\u00e0 des scores additifs des colonnes, le construit central de l&rsquo;IAV r\u00e9side dans l&rsquo;\u00e9cart calcul\u00e9 item par item : la somme des diff\u00e9rences absolues entre la description actuelle (Colonne I) et l&rsquo;id\u00e9al d\u00e9sir\u00e9 (Colonne III). Un \u00e9cart r\u00e9duit combin\u00e9 \u00e0 une acceptation de soi \u00e9lev\u00e9e indique un fonctionnement congruent et harmonieux. Inversement, un \u00e9cart b\u00e9ant signale une tension psychologique majeure, de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 chronique, une d\u00e9valorisation personnelle ou une aspiration irr\u00e9aliste g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice de d\u00e9tresse psychologique.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture conceptuelle de l&rsquo;IAV s&rsquo;enracine directement dans la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Person-centered_therapy\">psychologie humaniste<\/a> et l&rsquo;approche ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique de la personnalit\u00e9 formalis\u00e9e par Carl Rogers, Donald Snygg et Arthur W. Combs \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1940.<\/p>\n<p>Selon le paradigme ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique, le comportement d&rsquo;un \u00eatre humain n&rsquo;est pas d\u00e9termin\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re m\u00e9canique par des stimuli environnementaux objectifs ou des pulsions inconscientes aveugles, mais par la mani\u00e8re dont la personne per\u00e7oit et interpr\u00e8te son champ ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nal \u00e0 chaque instant. Au centre de ce champ perceptif tr\u00f4ne le <strong>concept de soi<\/strong> : une configuration organis\u00e9e, fluide mais coh\u00e9rente de perceptions relatives aux caract\u00e9ristiques, aptitudes et relations du \u00ab moi \u00bb (<em>Self<\/em>), associ\u00e9e \u00e0 des valeurs accord\u00e9es \u00e0 ces perceptions.<\/p>\n<p>Carl Rogers a formul\u00e9 l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se clinique fondamentale selon laquelle la psychopathologie d\u00e9coule de l&rsquo;<strong>incongruence<\/strong> entre l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience r\u00e9elle de l&rsquo;organisme et la structure du concept de soi, ou entre le soi actuel et le soi id\u00e9al. Lorsque l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience v\u00e9cue contredit le soi ou lorsque le soi r\u00e9el est per\u00e7u comme indigne compar\u00e9 au standard id\u00e9al, l&rsquo;individu fait l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience d&rsquo;une angoisse existentielle et d\u00e9ploie des m\u00e9canismes de d\u00e9fense (distorsion, d\u00e9ni). \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, l&rsquo;ajustement optimal (\u00ab la personne pleinement fonctionnelle \u00bb) se caract\u00e9rise par une forte <em>acceptation inconditionnelle de soi<\/em> et une r\u00e9duction de la distance entre ce que l&rsquo;on est et ce que l&rsquo;on d\u00e9sire \u00eatre.<\/p>\n<p>De fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9monitoire, l&rsquo;IAV anticipe \u00e9galement de plusieurs d\u00e9cennies la th\u00e9orie de la discordance de soi (<em>Self-Discrepancy Theory<\/em>) formul\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E._Tory_Higgins\">E. Tory Higgins<\/a> dans les ann\u00e9es 1980. Higgins postulera que les \u00e9carts entre le soi actuel (<em>actual self<\/em>) et les guides du soi (notamment le soi id\u00e9al, <em>ideal self<\/em>) g\u00e9n\u00e8rent des \u00e9tats \u00e9motionnels sp\u00e9cifiques marqu\u00e9s par l&rsquo;abattement, la d\u00e9ception et la d\u00e9pression, validant r\u00e9troactivement la mod\u00e9lisation m\u00e9trique initi\u00e9e par Bills d\u00e8s 1951.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques de l&rsquo;IAV ont fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;un examen empirique approfondi document\u00e9 par Bills et al. (1951), Bills (1956), ainsi que par la revue m\u00e9thodologique critique de Ruth Wylie (1961) :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de construit de l&rsquo;IAV a \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement d\u00e9montr\u00e9e en comparant les scores de l&rsquo;instrument aux diagnostics cliniques et \u00e0 des inventaires de personnalit\u00e9 valid\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Corr\u00e9lations avec le MMPI :<\/strong> Les scores faibles d&rsquo;acceptation de soi (Colonne II) et les scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s de discr\u00e9pance (|I &#8211; III|) corr\u00e9laient significativement de mani\u00e8re positive avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de D\u00e9pression (<em>D<\/em>), d&rsquo;Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 manifeste et de Psychasth\u00e9nie (<em>Pt<\/em>) du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minnesota_Multiphasic_Personality_Inventory\">MMPI<\/a>, attestant de la sensibilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;IAV \u00e0 la d\u00e9tresse \u00e9motionnelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ajustement social et Rorschach :<\/strong> Bills (1953) a mis en \u00e9vidence que les \u00e9tudiants class\u00e9s comme \u00ab auto-acceptants \u00bb obtenaient des indices de contr\u00f4le \u00e9motionnel et de productivit\u00e9 relationnelle nettement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s au test des taches d&rsquo;encre de Rorschach que les sujets caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s par le rejet de soi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Corr\u00e9lation avec l&rsquo;acceptation d&rsquo;autrui :<\/strong> Conform\u00e9ment aux postulats rog\u00e9riens, les corr\u00e9lations entre la Colonne II (acceptation de soi) et l&rsquo;acceptation per\u00e7ue d&rsquo;autrui atteignent des niveaux compris entre <em>r<\/em> = 0,45 et <em>r<\/em> = 0,65 (Bills et al., 1951 ; Omwake, 1954).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive et sensibilit\u00e9 au changement th\u00e9rapeutique<\/h3>\n<p>Bills, Vance et McLean (1951) ont administr\u00e9 l&rsquo;IAV \u00e0 une cohorte de patients subissant une psychoth\u00e9rapie centr\u00e9e sur le client. Les r\u00e9sultats ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des variations significatives statistiquement robustes post-th\u00e9rapie :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Une augmentation substantielle des scores de la Colonne II (auto-acceptation accrue).<\/li>\n<li>Une diminution marqu\u00e9e de la discr\u00e9pance entre la Colonne I et la Colonne III, traduisant \u00e0 la fois une r\u00e9\u00e9valuation plus r\u00e9aliste du soi id\u00e9al et une appr\u00e9ciation rehauss\u00e9e du soi actuel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>Bien que certains chercheurs (Wylie, 1961) aient soulev\u00e9 le risque d&rsquo;interf\u00e9rence avec la d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale pour certains adjectifs fortement valoris\u00e9s culturellement, l&rsquo;IAV a montr\u00e9 une capacit\u00e9 satisfaisante \u00e0 discriminer les profils d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 clinique des simples r\u00e9ponses d\u00e9fensives, notamment gr\u00e2ce au recoupement syst\u00e9matique des trois colonnes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation simultan\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Index of Adjustment and Values a \u00e9t\u00e9 abondamment document\u00e9e d\u00e8s sa publication princeps, \u00e0 travers des m\u00e9thodes de coh\u00e9rence interne et de stabilit\u00e9 temporelle test-retest :<\/p>\n<h3>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest (stabilit\u00e9 temporelle)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude originale de Bills et al. (1951), l&rsquo;IAV a \u00e9t\u00e9 administr\u00e9 \u00e0 un \u00e9chantillon d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants de premier cycle universitaire avec un intervalle de six semaines entre les deux passations :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Colonne I (Concept de soi per\u00e7u) :<\/strong> Le coefficient de corr\u00e9lation test-retest est de <strong>r = 0,88<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Colonne II (Acceptation de soi) :<\/strong> Le coefficient de corr\u00e9lation test-retest atteint <strong>r = 0,91<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Colonne III (Soi id\u00e9al) :<\/strong> Le coefficient de corr\u00e9lation test-retest s&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 <strong>r = 0,83<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score de discr\u00e9pance (|I &#8211; III|) :<\/strong> La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle de la diff\u00e9rence absolue pr\u00e9sente un coefficient test-retest de <strong>r = 0,87<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne<\/h3>\n<p>Les calculs de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 par la m\u00e9thode split-half (corrig\u00e9s par la formule de Spearman-Brown) rapport\u00e9s dans le manuel de Bills (1956) indiquent des niveaux d&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 interne tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9s, oscillant entre <strong>0,89<\/strong> et <strong>0,94<\/strong> selon les sous-\u00e9chelles. Les estimations ult\u00e9rieures d&rsquo;\u00e9quivalence d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cronbach%27s_alpha\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> confirment des coefficients globaux sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 0,85 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;acceptation de soi, attestant que les 49 adjectifs mesurent de mani\u00e8re congruente une dimension affective et cognitive stable.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Bien que l&rsquo;IAV ait \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 \u00e0 une \u00e9poque ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation de l&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire assist\u00e9e par ordinateur, plusieurs investigations empiriques ult\u00e9rieures ont examin\u00e9 la structure latente de la liste des 49 adjectifs de Bills :<\/p>\n<h3>Structure exploratoire et dimensionnalit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Les analyses factorielles exploratoires men\u00e9es sur les matrices d&rsquo;intercorr\u00e9lations des items de l&rsquo;IAV (notamment dans les travaux de Wylie, 1961, et les \u00e9tudes de validation factorielle des ann\u00e9es 1960) mettent en lumi\u00e8re que l&rsquo;IAV ne repose pas sur un facteur purement unidimensionnel, mais se structure autour de deux \u00e0 trois composantes principales r\u00e9currentes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 : Efficacit\u00e9 et comp\u00e9tence instrumentale (Saturations \u00e9lev\u00e9es : .60 \u00e0 .78)<\/strong><br \/>Ce facteur regroupe les adjectifs orient\u00e9s vers l&rsquo;action, l&rsquo;intelligence et le rendement tels que <em>competent<\/em>, <em>efficient<\/em>, <em>logical<\/em>, <em>successful<\/em>, <em>purposeful<\/em>, <em>accurate<\/em> et <em>responsible<\/em>. Il repr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de soi sous l&rsquo;angle de la comp\u00e9tence et de la ma\u00eetrise personnelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 : Amabilit\u00e9 et sociabilit\u00e9 interpersonnelle (Saturations \u00e9lev\u00e9es : .55 \u00e0 .75)<\/strong><br \/>Ce facteur r\u00e9unit les descripteurs relationnels et pro-sociaux : <em>kind<\/em>, <em>friendly<\/em>, <em>helpful<\/em>, <em>considerate<\/em>, <em>tactful<\/em>, <em>sincere<\/em> et <em>democratic<\/em>. Il sous-tend l&rsquo;acceptation de soi dans le champ des relations interpersonnelles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 : Stabilit\u00e9 affective et contr\u00f4le \u00e9motionnel (Saturations : .50 \u00e0 .72)<\/strong><br \/>Domin\u00e9 par des items tels que <em>calm<\/em>, <em>poised<\/em>, <em>stable<\/em>, et satur\u00e9 n\u00e9gativement par <em>nervous<\/em>, <em>fearful<\/em> et <em>annoying<\/em>. Ce facteur capte la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle et la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9gulation du stress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces saturations factorielles corroborent la pertinence de la s\u00e9lection lexicale initiale, montrant que les 49 adjectifs couvrent les grands domaines du fonctionnement psychosocial r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s plus tard dans le mod\u00e8le des <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Five_personality_traits\">Big Five<\/a> (particuli\u00e8rement l&rsquo;Agr\u00e9abilit\u00e9, la Conscienciosit\u00e9 et la Stabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle).<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;Index of Adjustment and Values (IAV) est un instrument d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation structur\u00e9 et standardis\u00e9. Ses caract\u00e9ristiques techniques et m\u00e9thodologiques s&rsquo;articulent comme suit :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;instrument :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique (inventaire de personnalit\u00e9 lexicale ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 49 adjectifs descriptifs de la personnalit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Structure d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Chaque adjectif fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une triple notation concomitante r\u00e9partie sur trois colonnes parall\u00e8les : Colonne I (Soi per\u00e7u), Colonne II (Acceptation de soi), Colonne III (Soi id\u00e9al).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse (Colonne I &#8211; Concept de soi per\u00e7u) :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert en 5 points \u00e9valuant la fr\u00e9quence :<br \/>\n    1 = <em>Seldom, this is like me<\/em> (Rarement)<br \/>\n    2 = <em>Occasionally, this is like me<\/em> (Occasionnellement)<br \/>\n    3 = <em>About half the time, this is like me<\/em> (Environ la moiti\u00e9 du temps)<br \/>\n    4 = <em>A good deal of the time, this is like me<\/em> (Une bonne partie du temps)<br \/>\n    5 = <em>Most of the time, this is like me<\/em> (La plupart du temps)\n  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse (Colonne II &#8211; Acceptation de soi) :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle d&rsquo;attitude affective en 5 points :<br \/>\n    1 = <em>I very much dislike being as I am in this respect<\/em> (Je d\u00e9teste beaucoup \u00eatre ainsi)<br \/>\n    2 = <em>I dislike being as I am in this respect<\/em> (Je n&rsquo;aime pas \u00eatre ainsi)<br \/>\n    3 = <em>Neither like being as I am nor dislike being as I am in this respect<\/em> (Neutre \/ Ni n&rsquo;aime ni ne d\u00e9teste)<br \/>\n    4 = <em>I like being as I am in this respect<\/em> (J&rsquo;aime \u00eatre ainsi)<br \/>\n    5 = <em>I like very much being as I am in this respect<\/em> (J&rsquo;aime beaucoup \u00eatre ainsi)\n  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse (Colonne III &#8211; Soi id\u00e9al) :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de fr\u00e9quence d\u00e9sir\u00e9e en 5 points :<br \/>\n    1 = <em>Seldom, would I like this to be me<\/em> (Rarement)<br \/>\n    2 = <em>Occasionally, I would like this to be me<\/em> (Occasionnellement)<br \/>\n    3 = <em>About half the time, I would like this to be me<\/em> (Environ la moiti\u00e9 du temps)<br \/>\n    4 = <em>A good deal of the time, I would like this to be me<\/em> (Une bonne partie du temps)<br \/>\n    5 = <em>Most of the time, I would like this to be me<\/em> (La plupart du temps)\n  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcul des scores et cotation :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Score de concept de soi (Score I) :<\/strong> Somme des r\u00e9ponses de la Colonne I (\u00e9tendue th\u00e9orique : 49 \u00e0 245).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score d&rsquo;acceptation de soi (Score II) :<\/strong> Somme des r\u00e9ponses de la Colonne II (\u00e9tendue th\u00e9orique : 49 \u00e0 245). Les scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s indiquent une auto-acceptation optimale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score de soi id\u00e9al (Score III) :<\/strong> Somme des r\u00e9ponses de la Colonne III (\u00e9tendue th\u00e9orique : 49 \u00e0 245).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Indice de discr\u00e9pance (|I &#8211; III|) :<\/strong> Somme des valeurs absolues des \u00e9carts item par item entre la Colonne I et la Colonne III : &sum; |Item(I)<sub>k<\/sub> &#8211; Item(III)<sub>k<\/sub>|. Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 traduit un niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 d&rsquo;incongruence ou de m\u00e9sajustement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e de passation :<\/strong> Environ 15 \u00e0 25 minutes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 1951 (article princeps dans le <em>Journal of Consulting Psychology<\/em>) ; r\u00e9vision et manuel d&rsquo;application complet publi\u00e9s en 1956 par l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Alabama.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur et permissions :<\/strong> L&rsquo;outil fait partie du domaine public acad\u00e9mique pour les travaux d&rsquo;enseignement et de recherche scientifique sans but lucratif. Les publications originales (Bills et al., 1951 ; Bills, 1956) et les r\u00e9\u00e9ditions dans les compendiums de l&rsquo;Institute for Social Research de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Michigan (Robinson &#038; Shaver, 1969) autorisent l&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;instrument sous r\u00e9serve de citation explicite des auteurs originaux.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarification :<\/strong> Acc\u00e8s libre et gratuit pour la recherche acad\u00e9mique et l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation clinique non commerciale. Aucun frais de licence n&rsquo;est exig\u00e9 pour la reproduction des items dans le cadre de protocoles d&rsquo;investigation universitaires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les sources bibliographiques et \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence relatives \u00e0 l&rsquo;Index of Adjustment and Values sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es ci-dessous :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bills, R. E., Vance, E. L., &#038; McLean, O. S. (1951). An index of adjustment and values. <em>Journal of Consulting Psychology<\/em>, 15(3), 257\u2013261. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0057288\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0057288<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bills, R. E. (1953). A validation of Rogers&rsquo;s theory of adjustment through the use of the Index of Adjustment and Values. <em>Journal of Consulting Psychology<\/em>, 17(2), 135\u2013138. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0061294\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0061294<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bills, R. E. (1956). <em>Index of Adjustment and Values: Manual<\/em>. University of Alabama, Department of Psychology.<\/li>\n<li>Lefkowitz, J. (1967). Self-esteem of industrial workers. <em>Journal of Applied Psychology<\/em>, 51(6), 521\u2013528. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0025178\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0025178<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Omwake, K. T. (1954). The relation between acceptance of self and acceptance of others shown by three personality inventories. <em>Journal of Consulting Psychology<\/em>, 18(6), 443\u2013446. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0058864\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0058864<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Robinson, J. P., &#038; Shaver, P. R. (1969). <em>Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes<\/em>. Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psc.isr.umich.edu\/dis\/infoserv\/isrpub\/pdf\/Measuresofsocialpsychologicalattitudes_2928_.PDF\">https:\/\/www.psc.isr.umich.edu\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wylie, R. C. (1961). <em>The Self-Concept: A Critical Survey of Pertinent Research Literature<\/em> (Vol. 1, pp. 150\u2013164). University of Nebraska Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">acceptable<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">accurate<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">alert<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ambitious<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">annoying<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">busy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">calm<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ch\u200earming<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">clever<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">competent<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">confident<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">considerate<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">cruel<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">democratic<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">dependable<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">economical<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">efficient<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">fearful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">friendly<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">fashionable<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">helpful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">intellectual<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">kind<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">logical<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">meddlesome<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">merry<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">mature<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">nervous<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">normal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">optimistic<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">poised<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">purposeful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">reasonable<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">reckless<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">responsible<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">sarcastic<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">sincere<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">stable<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">studious<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">successful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">stubborn<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">tactful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">teachable<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">useful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">worthy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">broad-minded<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">business like<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">competitive<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">fault-finding<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;Indice d&rsquo;ajustement et de valeurs (IAV) de Robert E. Bills est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique majeur \u00e9valuant le concept de soi, l&rsquo;acceptation de soi et le soi id\u00e9al \u00e0 travers 49 traits de personnalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[31,1363,3,2],"tags":[19929,17629,7473,1199,11683,23182,16,23183,11640],"class_list":["post-14867","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-psychologiques","category-personnalite","category-psychologie-clinique","category-psychometrie","tag-acceptation-de-soi","tag-ajustement-psychologique","tag-carl-rogers","tag-concept-de-soi","tag-evaluation-de-la-personnalite","tag-iav","tag-psychometrie","tag-robert-e-bills","tag-soi-ideal"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14867"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14867\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14867"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}