{"id":14859,"date":"2026-10-08T01:45:33","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T01:45:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/test-des-croyances-irrationnelles-ibt\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T01:45:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T01:45:33","slug":"test-des-croyances-irrationnelles-ibt","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=test-des-croyances-irrationnelles-ibt","title":{"rendered":"Test des Croyances Irrationnelles (IBT)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Test des Croyances Irrationnelles<\/strong> (<em>Irrational Belief Test<\/em>, IBT), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 initialement par le psychologue <strong>Richard Garner Jones<\/strong> en 1968 dans le cadre de sa th\u00e8se doctorale \u00e0 la <em>Texas Technological University<\/em>, constitue l&rsquo;un des premiers et des plus influents instruments psychom\u00e9triques standardis\u00e9s con\u00e7us pour \u00e9valuer le syst\u00e8me de croyances irrationnelles formalis\u00e9 par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Ellis\">Albert Ellis<\/a> dans le mod\u00e8le de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9rapie_rationnelle-%C3%A9motive\">th\u00e9rapie rationnelle-\u00e9motive et comportementale<\/a> (REBT). L&rsquo;instrument comprend un ensemble exhaustif de <strong>100 items<\/strong> auto-rapport\u00e9s, structur\u00e9s pour quantifier dix croyances dysfonctionnelles distinctes postul\u00e9es par Ellis comme \u00e9tant \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine des d\u00e9r\u00e8glements affectifs et comportementaux.<\/p>\n<p>Les dix sous-\u00e9chelles de l&rsquo;IBT recouvrent le besoin imp\u00e9ratif d&rsquo;approbation d&rsquo;autrui, les exigences \u00e9lev\u00e9es d&rsquo;auto-accomplissement et d&rsquo;infaillibilit\u00e9, la propension \u00e0 bl\u00e2mer et punir, la r\u00e9activit\u00e9 catastrophique \u00e0 la frustration, l&rsquo;irresponsabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle (l&rsquo;illusion selon laquelle nos \u00e9motions sont caus\u00e9es exclusivement par les \u00e9v\u00e9nements ext\u00e9rieurs), l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 anticipatoire obsessionnelle, l&rsquo;\u00e9vitement des probl\u00e8mes et des d\u00e9fis, la d\u00e9pendance interpersonnelle, le fatalisme li\u00e9 au pass\u00e9 individuel, et le perfectionnisme absolutiste quant \u00e0 l&rsquo;existence de solutions parfaites. Les items sont administr\u00e9s selon une \u00e9chelle de r\u00e9ponse de type Likert en 5 points, allant de l&rsquo;accord complet au d\u00e9saccord complet, avec un \u00e9quilibre entre items orient\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on irrationnelle et items formul\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re rationnelle exigeant un codage invers\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan m\u00e9trologique, l&rsquo;IBT a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 une consistance interne globale solide (coefficients alpha de Cronbach oscillant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,68 et 0,86 pour les sous-\u00e9chelles, et d\u00e9passant 0,85 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle totale), ainsi qu&rsquo;une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest satisfaisante \u00e0 court et moyen terme. L&rsquo;instrument a exerc\u00e9 un r\u00f4le fondateur dans la validation empirique des paradigmes cognitivo-comportementaux, en \u00e9tablissant des corr\u00e9lations robustes avec des mesures d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anxi%C3%A9t%C3%A9\">anxi\u00e9t\u00e9-trait<\/a>, de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C3%A9pression_(psychiatrie)\">d\u00e9pression<\/a>, de n\u00e9vrosisme et d&rsquo;inadaptation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, tout en faisant l&rsquo;objet de d\u00e9bats constructifs quant \u00e0 l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance de ses construits par rapport \u00e0 la d\u00e9tresse affective g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Croyances irrationnelles, Test des Croyances Irrationnelles, IBT, Richard Garner Jones, Albert Ellis, th\u00e9rapie rationnelle-\u00e9motive et comportementale, REBT, psychom\u00e9trie, distorsions cognitives, \u00e9valuation psychologique, sch\u00e9mas dysfonctionnels, th\u00e9rapie cognitivo-comportementale.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue et standardis\u00e9e par <strong>Richard Garner Jones, Ed.D.<\/strong>, au d\u00e9partement d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation et de psychologie de la <em>Texas Technological College<\/em> (actuellement <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas_Tech_University\">Texas Tech University<\/a>, Lubbock, Texas, \u00c9tats-Unis). Ses recherches doctorales de 1968, supervis\u00e9es sous le titre <em>\u00ab A Factored Measure of Ellis&rsquo; Irrational Belief System, with Personality and Maladjustment Correlates \u00bb<\/em>, ont pos\u00e9 les fondations op\u00e9rationnelles de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation quantitative des cognitions irrationnelles selon l&rsquo;approche rationnelle-\u00e9motive.<\/p>\n<p>Le cadre conceptuel repose int\u00e9gralement sur les formulations th\u00e9oriques d&rsquo;<strong>Albert Ellis, Ph.D.<\/strong> (1913\u20132007), fondateur de l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/albertellis.org\/\">Albert Ellis Institute<\/a> \u00e0 New York et pionnier des psychoth\u00e9rapies cognitives modernes. Ellis a initialement isol\u00e9 et th\u00e9oris\u00e9 les onze (puis dix) croyances irrationnelles majeures dans son ouvrage fondateur de 1962, <em>Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;IBT est de fournir une \u00e9valuation op\u00e9rationnelle, standardis\u00e9e et multidimensionnelle des modes de pens\u00e9e irrationnels, dogmatiques et absolutistes d\u00e9crits dans la th\u00e9orie rationnelle-\u00e9motive. Avant la mise au point de l&rsquo;IBT par Jones, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation clinique des croyances irrationnelles reposait essentiellement sur l&rsquo;entretien non standardis\u00e9, l&rsquo;intuition du praticien et des analyses qualitatives sujettes \u00e0 d&rsquo;importants biais subjectifs. Jones s&rsquo;est assign\u00e9 pour t\u00e2che de traduire les formulations th\u00e9oriques d&rsquo;Ellis en indicateurs psychom\u00e9triquement rigoureux, permettant tant la v\u00e9rification empirique du mod\u00e8le cognitif que l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation pr\u00e9- et post-th\u00e9rapeutique des patients.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le versant de la <strong>recherche clinique et fondamentale<\/strong>, l&rsquo;IBT r\u00e9pond au besoin de tester l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se cognitive centrale selon laquelle les troubles \u00e9motionnels (notamment la d\u00e9pression unipolaire, le trouble panique, l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale et les difficult\u00e9s relationnelles chroniques) ne sont pas g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on directe par des stimuli activateurs aversifs de l&rsquo;environnement, mais sont m\u00e9di\u00e9s par des croyances cognitives irrationnelles d&rsquo;exigence, de catastrophisme et de d\u00e9valorisation globale de soi. L&rsquo;IBT a ainsi permis d&rsquo;explorer les liens entre vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 cognitive et psychopathologie, de cartographier la structure dimensionnelle des pens\u00e9es automatiques dysfonctionnelles et de comparer les profils cognitifs de populations cliniques et non cliniques.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la <strong>pratique clinique<\/strong>, l&rsquo;IBT sert d&rsquo;outil d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation initiale (<em>assessment<\/em>) et d&rsquo;aide au diagnostic fonctionnel. Il permet au th\u00e9rapeute d&rsquo;identifier avec pr\u00e9cision quelles sous-composantes du syst\u00e8me de croyances du patient sont les plus hypertrophi\u00e9es. Par exemple, un patient peut manifester un score mod\u00e9r\u00e9 sur la dimension du besoin d&rsquo;approbation mais un score extr\u00eamement \u00e9lev\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;intol\u00e9rance \u00e0 la frustration ou le fatalisme historique. Une telle cartographie affine l&rsquo;analyse fonctionnelle ABCDE (<em>Activating event, Belief, Consequence, Disputation, Effective philosophy<\/em>) propre \u00e0 la REBT, en guidant les techniques de r\u00e9futation cognitive vers les sch\u00e9mas les plus invalidants pour le consultant.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;IBT op\u00e9rationnalise les dix dimensions de croyances irrationnelles formalis\u00e9es par Albert Ellis. Chaque dimension est mesur\u00e9e par dix items sp\u00e9cifiques (cinq formul\u00e9s positivement dans le sens de l&rsquo;irrationalit\u00e9 et cinq formul\u00e9s dans le sens de la rationalit\u00e9, ou inversement, permettant de contr\u00f4ler le biais d&rsquo;acquiescement). Ces dix dimensions s&rsquo;articulent comme suit :<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle 1 : Besoin imp\u00e9ratif d&rsquo;approbation (Demand for Approval)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure l&rsquo;exigence absolutiste selon laquelle un adulte doit imp\u00e9rativement \u00eatre aim\u00e9, accept\u00e9 et approuv\u00e9 par la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des personnes significatives de son entourage pour toute entreprise men\u00e9e. L&rsquo;irrationalit\u00e9 r\u00e9side dans la transformation d&rsquo;un d\u00e9sir l\u00e9gitime de chaleur humaine en un besoin vital inexorable, entra\u00eenant une vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 accrue au rejet et une anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation sociale (ex. Item 1 : <em>\u00ab It is important to me that others approve of me \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle 2 : Exigences d&rsquo;auto-accomplissement et d&rsquo;infaillibilit\u00e9 (High Self-Expectations)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette \u00e9chelle \u00e9value la conviction qu&rsquo;une personne doit \u00eatre totalement comp\u00e9tente, ad\u00e9quate et performante dans tous les domaines imaginables pour pouvoir se consid\u00e9rer comme ayant de la valeur. L&rsquo;\u00e9chec ou l&rsquo;imperfection y est per\u00e7u comme une catastrophe existentielle et une preuve d&rsquo;incomp\u00e9tence globale (ex. Item 2 : <em>\u00ab I hate to fail at anything \u00bb<\/em> ; Item 42 : <em>\u00ab It is highly important to me to be successful in everything I do \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle 3 : Propension au bl\u00e2me et punitivit\u00e9 (Blame Proneness)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension cible la propension \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer que les personnes transgressant les normes morales ou commettant des erreurs sont intrins\u00e8quement mauvaises, inf\u00e2mes et m\u00e9ritent d&rsquo;\u00eatre s\u00e9v\u00e8rement punies et rejet\u00e9es. Elle confond l&rsquo;acte r\u00e9pr\u00e9hensible avec la valeur globale de la personne humaine, alimentant la col\u00e8re, la ranc\u0153ur et l&rsquo;hostilit\u00e9 punitive (ex. Item 3 : <em>\u00ab People who do wrong deserve what they get \u00bb<\/em> ; Item 23 : <em>\u00ab Those who do wrong deserve to be blamed \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle 4 : R\u00e9activit\u00e9 catastrophique \u00e0 la frustration (Frustration Reactive)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette \u00e9chelle saisit l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 cognitive \u00e0 tol\u00e9rer les contrari\u00e9t\u00e9s, les d\u00e9lais ou les entraves, sous-tendue par l&rsquo;id\u00e9e qu&rsquo;il est catastrophique et intol\u00e9rable que les \u00e9v\u00e9nements ne se d\u00e9roulent pas exactement comme l&rsquo;individu le d\u00e9sire ardemment. Elle est au c\u0153ur du concept de faible tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 la frustration (LFT, <em>Low Frustration Tolerance<\/em>) (ex. Item 24 : <em>\u00ab Things should be different from the way they are \u00bb<\/em> ; Item 34 : <em>\u00ab I often get disturbed over situations I don&rsquo;t like \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle 5 : Irresponsabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle (Emotional Irresponsibility)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit mesure la croyance selon laquelle la d\u00e9tresse, la souffrance et les perturbations \u00e9motionnelles sont exclusivement caus\u00e9es par des \u00e9v\u00e9nements, des pressions ou des individus externes, et que l&rsquo;individu ne poss\u00e8de aucun pouvoir ni contr\u00f4le sur ses propres ressentis. Le p\u00f4le rationnel valorise \u00e0 l&rsquo;inverse le libre arbitre \u00e9motionnel (ex. Item 25 : <em>\u00ab I cause my own moods \u00bb<\/em> [item invers\u00e9] ; Item 55 : <em>\u00ab The more problems a person has, the less happy he will be \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle 6 : Inqui\u00e9tude anxieuse et vigilance prospective (Anxious Overconcern)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9value la tendance \u00e0 maintenir une hypervigilance continue \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard de dangers potentiels ou d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements futurs incertains, associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la conviction que l&rsquo;on doit s&rsquo;en inqui\u00e9ter constamment et ruminer sur leur survenue \u00e9ventuelle. Elle caract\u00e9rise les m\u00e9canismes cognitifs sous-jacents au trouble anxieux g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9 (ex. Item 6 : <em>\u00ab I have a fear of some things that often bothers me \u00bb<\/em> ; Item 66 : <em>\u00ab I worry a lot about certain things in the future \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle 7 : \u00c9vitement des probl\u00e8mes (Problem Avoidance)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante mesure la conviction qu&rsquo;il est bien plus facile d&rsquo;\u00e9viter les difficult\u00e9s de la vie, les corv\u00e9es d\u00e9plaisantes et les responsabilit\u00e9s complexes plut\u00f4t que de les affronter directement. Elle se traduit cliniquement par la procrastination s\u00e9v\u00e8re, la fuite et l&rsquo;inertie comportementale (ex. Item 7 : <em>\u00ab I usually put off important decisions \u00bb<\/em> ; Item 27 : <em>\u00ab I avoid facing my problems \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle 8 : D\u00e9pendance interpersonnelle (Dependency)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette \u00e9chelle \u00e9value la croyance selon laquelle l&rsquo;individu est intrins\u00e8quement d\u00e9muni et doit imp\u00e9rativement s&rsquo;appuyer sur quelqu&rsquo;un de plus fort, d&rsquo;infaillible ou de protecteur pour naviguer dans l&rsquo;existence et prendre des d\u00e9cisions cruciales (ex. Item 8 : <em>\u00ab Everyone needs someone he can depend on for help and advice \u00bb<\/em> ; Item 28 : <em>\u00ab People need a source of strength outside themselves \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle 9 : Impuissance face au pass\u00e9 et fatalisme (Helplessness for Change)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit quantifie le d\u00e9terminisme historique absolu : l&rsquo;id\u00e9e qu&rsquo;un \u00e9v\u00e9nement pass\u00e9 ayant exerc\u00e9 un impact d\u00e9terminant sur notre existence continuera inexorablement et d\u00e9finitivement \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler notre comportement et nos \u00e9motions, excluant toute possibilit\u00e9 de changement (ex. Item 9 : <em>\u00ab A zebra cannot change his stripes \u00bb<\/em> ; Item 19 : <em>\u00ab It is almost impossible to overcome the influences of the past \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle 10 : Perfectionnisme quant aux solutions id\u00e9ales (Perfectionism)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure la croyance rigide selon laquelle il existe obligatoirement une solution parfaite, universelle et unique \u00e0 tout probl\u00e8me humain, et qu&rsquo;il est catastrophique de ne pas parvenir \u00e0 l&rsquo;atteindre ou de devoir composer avec l&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 et le compromis (ex. Item 10 : <em>\u00ab There is a right way to do everything \u00bb<\/em> ; Item 50 : <em>\u00ab Every problem has a correct solution \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le cadre th\u00e9orique sous-jacent au Test des Croyances Irrationnelles s&rsquo;enracine directement dans la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9rapie_cognitivo-comportementale\">psychologie cognitive<\/a> et plus sp\u00e9cifiquement dans la <strong>Th\u00e9rapie Rationnelle-\u00c9motive<\/strong> (initialement <em>Rational Therapy<\/em>, puis <em>Rational-Emotive Therapy<\/em> [RET], aujourd&rsquo;hui d\u00e9sign\u00e9e comme <em>Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy<\/em> [REBT]), formul\u00e9e au milieu des ann\u00e9es 1950 par Albert Ellis. Ellis a rompu avec la tradition psychanalytique dominante de son \u00e9poque en s&rsquo;appuyant sur la philosophie sto\u00efcienne antique, empruntant \u00e0 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89pict%C3%A8te\">\u00c9pict\u00e8te<\/a> la maxime cardinale de son <em>Manuel<\/em> : <em>\u00ab Les hommes ne sont pas troubl\u00e9s par les choses, mais par les jugements qu&rsquo;ils portent sur les choses \u00bb<\/em> (principe textuellement refl\u00e9t\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;item 15 de l&rsquo;IBT : <em>\u00ab People are disturbed not by situations but by the view they take of them \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;architecture conceptuelle d&rsquo;Ellis, le mod\u00e8le ABC d\u00e9crit la dynamique du fonctionnement \u00e9motionnel :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>A (Activating Event) :<\/strong> L&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement d\u00e9clencheur ou l&rsquo;adversit\u00e9 environnementale (un \u00e9chec, une critique, une rupture).<\/li>\n<li><strong>B (Beliefs) :<\/strong> Les croyances, \u00e9valuations et philosophies que l&rsquo;individu mobilise pour appr\u00e9hender l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement. Ces croyances se scindent en croyances rationnelles (flexibles, non absolutistes, fond\u00e9es sur des pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences) et croyances irrationnelles (rigides, dogmatiques, fond\u00e9es sur des exigences imp\u00e9ratives).<\/li>\n<li><strong>C (Consequences) :<\/strong> Les cons\u00e9quences \u00e9motionnelles et comportementales r\u00e9sultantes. Des croyances rationnelles engendrent des \u00e9motions n\u00e9gatives appropri\u00e9es (tristesse, regret, frustration constructive), tandis que des croyances irrationnelles engendrent des \u00e9motions n\u00e9gatives dysfonctionnelles (d\u00e9pression, anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 invalidante, culpabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9vastatrice, col\u00e8re destructrice) et des conduites d&rsquo;auto-sabotage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ellis postulait que toutes les croyances irrationnelles sp\u00e9cifiques d\u00e9rivent fondamentalement d&rsquo;exigences absolutistes primaires (<em>musturbations<\/em>, obligations non n\u00e9gociables : \u00ab Je dois absolument r\u00e9ussir \u00bb, \u00ab Les autres doivent imp\u00e9rativement me traiter avec \u00e9quit\u00e9 \u00bb, \u00ab Le monde doit obligatoirement m&rsquo;offrir des conditions confortables \u00bb). Ces exigences rigides se d\u00e9clinent en distorsions secondaires : la dramatisation ou catastrophisme (<em>awfulizing<\/em>), la non-tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 la frustration (<em>I-can&rsquo;t-stand-it-itis<\/em>), la d\u00e9valorisation globale de la personne (<em>global self\/other\/world rating<\/em>) et le fatalisme d\u00e9terministe.<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque Richard G. Jones entreprend ses travaux en 1968, il s&rsquo;inscrit au c\u0153ur de la transition vers la premi\u00e8re r\u00e9volution cognitive en psychologie clinique, men\u00e9e parall\u00e8lement par Albert Ellis et <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aaron_T._Beck\">Aaron T. Beck<\/a> (p\u00e8re de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/beckinstitute.org\/\">th\u00e9rapie cognitive<\/a>). L&rsquo;IBT a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pour transformer ce corpus conceptuel philosophique et clinique en une entit\u00e9 empirique mesurable, soumise aux crit\u00e8res de r\u00e9futabilit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;analyse statistique multivari\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Depuis sa publication princeps en 1968, le Test des Croyances Irrationnelles a suscit\u00e9 un corpus de recherches empiriques volumineux destin\u00e9 \u00e0 examiner sa structure de validit\u00e9. Les investigations ont explor\u00e9 ses relations avec la psychopathologie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, la symptomatologie affective et d&rsquo;autres mesures de distorsions cognitives.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et concomitante<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes initiales de Jones (1968) ont mis en \u00e9vidence des corr\u00e9lations hautement significatives entre le score global d&rsquo;irrationalit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;IBT et diverses \u00e9chelles cliniques standardis\u00e9es. L&rsquo;IBT corr\u00e8le positivement et fortement avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 manifeste de Taylor (<em>Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale<\/em>, r = 0,55 \u00e0 0,65), avec le n\u00e9vrosisme \u00e9valu\u00e9 par l&rsquo;inventaire de personnalit\u00e9 d&rsquo;Eysenck (EPI, r = 0,50 \u00e0 0,60), ainsi qu&rsquo;avec plusieurs \u00e9chelles cliniques du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inventaire_multiphasique_de_personnalit%C3%A9_du_Minnesota\">MMPI<\/a>, notamment l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle 2 (D\u00e9pression) et l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle 7 (Psychasth\u00e9nie).<\/p>\n<p>Par la suite, des chercheurs comme Nelson (1977), Trexler et Karst (1972), ainsi que Goldfried et Sobocinski (1975) ont corrobor\u00e9 la validit\u00e9 convergente de l&rsquo;IBT en montrant que les individus pr\u00e9sentant des scores d&rsquo;irrationalit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9s manifestaient des niveaux d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale, de d\u00e9tresse interpersonnelle et de r\u00e9activit\u00e9 physiologique au stress significativement sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux des individus aux scores faibles.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante et controverses psychom\u00e9triques<\/h3>\n<p>Bien que l&rsquo;IBT pr\u00e9sente une excellente capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 diff\u00e9rencier les populations cliniques des groupes t\u00e9moins non cliniques (validit\u00e9 discriminante clinique), l&rsquo;instrument a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;un d\u00e9bat m\u00e9thodologique majeur dans la litt\u00e9rature psychom\u00e9trique des ann\u00e9es 1980. Des auteurs tels que <strong>Smith (1982)<\/strong>, <strong>Zurawski et Smith (1987)<\/strong>, ainsi que <strong>Malouff et Schutte (1986)<\/strong> ont soulign\u00e9 un probl\u00e8me de contamination de construit (<em>criterion contamination<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>En analysant le contenu des items de certaines sous-\u00e9chelles (notamment l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle 4 [R\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e0 la frustration], l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle 6 [Inqui\u00e9tude anxieuse] et l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle 5 [Irresponsabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle]), ces critiques ont observ\u00e9 que plusieurs \u00e9nonc\u00e9s d\u00e9crivent directement des affects dysphoriques ou des r\u00e9actions \u00e9motionnelles n\u00e9gatives (ex. <em>\u00ab I often get disturbed over situations I don&rsquo;t like \u00bb<\/em>, <em>\u00ab I worry a lot about certain things in the future \u00bb<\/em>) plut\u00f4t que de mesurer purement la cognition irrationnelle sous-jacente. Par cons\u00e9quent, les corr\u00e9lations \u00e9lev\u00e9es observ\u00e9es entre l&rsquo;IBT et les inventaires de d\u00e9pression ou d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9sultent en partie d&rsquo;un chevauchement s\u00e9mantique entre les items de croyance et les items de d\u00e9tresse affective. Cette critique a stimul\u00e9 ult\u00e9rieurement le d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;\u00e9chelles de seconde g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, telles que le <em>Survey of Personal Beliefs<\/em> (SPB) de Kassinove (1986) ou le <em>General Attitude and Belief Scale<\/em> (GABS) de Bernard (1998).<\/p>\n<h3>Sensibilit\u00e9 au changement th\u00e9rapeutique<\/h3>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 ces limitations th\u00e9oriques, l&rsquo;IBT a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 une sensibilit\u00e9 clinique robuste pour d\u00e9tecter les modifications cognitives cons\u00e9cutives \u00e0 une psychoth\u00e9rapie. De multiples essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de la REBT et des TCC ont enregistr\u00e9 une r\u00e9duction statistiquement significative des scores d&rsquo;irrationalit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;IBT dans les groupes recevant un traitement cognitif actif par rapport aux groupes sur liste d&rsquo;attente ou recevant des th\u00e9rapies de soutien non directives.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>Les qualit\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques relatives \u00e0 la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;IBT ont \u00e9t\u00e9 analys\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re extensive \u00e0 travers divers \u00e9chantillons normatifs, \u00e9tudiants et cliniques.<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne<\/h3>\n<p>Dans la th\u00e8se originale de Jones (1968), men\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un \u00e9chantillon initial de 832 \u00e9tudiants de premier cycle universitaire, la consistance interne de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle totale (100 items), \u00e9valu\u00e9e par la formule de Spearman-Brown et la m\u00e9thode de bissection (<em>split-half reliability<\/em>), s&rsquo;est av\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e9lev\u00e9e, atteignant <strong>r = 0,87<\/strong>. Les coefficients de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 pour les dix sous-\u00e9chelles individuelles se situaient dans un intervalle satisfaisant :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Facteur 1 (Besoin d&rsquo;approbation) : r = 0,73 \u00e0 0,81<\/li>\n<li>Facteur 2 (Exigences de r\u00e9ussite personnelle) : r = 0,72 \u00e0 0,78<\/li>\n<li>Facteur 3 (Propension au bl\u00e2me) : r = 0,70 \u00e0 0,79<\/li>\n<li>Facteur 4 (R\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e0 la frustration) : r = 0,74 \u00e0 0,82<\/li>\n<li>Facteur 5 (Irresponsabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle) : r = 0,68 \u00e0 0,75<\/li>\n<li>Facteur 6 (Inqui\u00e9tude anxieuse) : r = 0,76 \u00e0 0,83<\/li>\n<li>Facteur 7 (\u00c9vitement des probl\u00e8mes) : r = 0,71 \u00e0 0,79<\/li>\n<li>Facteur 8 (D\u00e9pendance) : r = 0,69 \u00e0 0,77<\/li>\n<li>Facteur 9 (Impuissance face au pass\u00e9) : r = 0,72 \u00e0 0,79<\/li>\n<li>Facteur 10 (Perfectionnisme \/ Solution parfaite) : r = 0,68 \u00e0 0,76<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les estimations ult\u00e9rieures de l&rsquo;alpha de Cronbach rapport\u00e9es par des investigateurs ind\u00e9pendants (ex. Lohr &amp; Bonge, 1982 ; Cramer, 1985) ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement reproduit des indices de consistance compris entre 0,70 et 0,85 pour la majorit\u00e9 des facteurs, bien que les sous-\u00e9chelles 5 et 10 affichent parfois des coefficients l\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus modestes (entre 0,62 et 0,68 dans certaines sous-populations).<\/p>\n<h3>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest<\/h3>\n<p>La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle de l&rsquo;IBT a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e sur divers intervalles chronologiques. Jones (1968) a rapport\u00e9 un coefficient de stabilit\u00e9 test-retest global de <strong>r = 0,80<\/strong> sur un intervalle de plusieurs semaines. Des r\u00e9plications \u00e0 court terme (2 \u00e0 4 semaines) ont document\u00e9 des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation test-retest oscillant entre 0,71 et 0,84 selon les sous-\u00e9chelles, attestant que les croyances \u00e9valu\u00e9es pr\u00e9sentent les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de traits cognitifs relativement stables dans le temps en l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;intervention psychologique d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture factorielle de l&rsquo;IBT a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;examens statistiques minutieux d\u00e8s sa gen\u00e8se, Jones ayant sp\u00e9cifiquement utilis\u00e9 l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analyse_factorielle\">analyse factorielle exploratoire<\/a> (AFE) pour raffiner et s\u00e9lectionner les 100 items finaux \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;un ensemble pr\u00e9liminaire plus vaste.<\/p>\n<h3>L&rsquo;analyse initiale de Jones (1968)<\/h3>\n<p>Jones a administr\u00e9 une batterie de 150 items originaux \u00e0 un groupe de participants universitaires. Il a extrait des facteurs par la m\u00e9thode des composantes principales suivie d&rsquo;une rotation orthogonale Varimax. Cette analyse a extrait dix facteurs principaux correspondant avec une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 remarquable aux dix croyances irrationnelles isol\u00e9es cliniquement par Albert Ellis en 1962. Les dix meilleurs items pour chaque facteur ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retenus sur la base de saturations factorielles substantielles (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement &gt; 0,35 sur le facteur assign\u00e9) et d&rsquo;un niveau minimal de saturation crois\u00e9e sur les autres facteurs.<\/p>\n<h3>R\u00e9plications et controverses structurales<\/h3>\n<p>Au cours des ann\u00e9es suivantes, plusieurs \u00e9quipes ind\u00e9pendantes ont soumis la matrice des 100 items de l&rsquo;IBT \u00e0 de nouvelles analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires afin d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la robustesse de cette solution \u00e0 10 facteurs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lohr et Bonge (1982) :<\/strong> Leurs travaux de r\u00e9plication ont confirm\u00e9 la s\u00e9parabilit\u00e9 empirique de plusieurs sous-\u00e9chelles (notamment le besoin d&rsquo;approbation, la propension au bl\u00e2me et l&rsquo;\u00e9vitement des probl\u00e8mes), mais ont mis en lumi\u00e8re une intercorr\u00e9lation substantielle entre d&rsquo;autres dimensions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mod\u00e8les d&rsquo;ordre sup\u00e9rieur :<\/strong> Plusieurs investigations (ex. Watson, Varnell &amp; Hanisian, 1987) ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une analyse factorielle de second ordre extrait fr\u00e9quemment deux \u00e0 trois macro-facteurs sous-jacents plut\u00f4t que dix dimensions enti\u00e8rement orthogonales :\n<ol>\n<li><em>Affectivit\u00e9 n\u00e9gative \/ Vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle :<\/em> regroupant principalement la r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e0 la frustration, l&rsquo;inqui\u00e9tude anxieuse et l&rsquo;irresponsabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle ;<\/li>\n<li><em>Exigences sociales et perfectionnistes de performance :<\/em> combinant le besoin d&rsquo;approbation et les exigences \u00e9lev\u00e9es de r\u00e9ussite ;<\/li>\n<li><em>Rigidit\u00e9 philosophique et fatalisme :<\/em> associant la propension au bl\u00e2me, l&rsquo;impuissance historique et le perfectionnisme d\u00e9terministe.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces conclusions factorielles ont confort\u00e9 la vision r\u00e9vis\u00e9e d&rsquo;Ellis dans les ann\u00e9es 1990, qui a lui-m\u00eame condens\u00e9 ses 11 croyances originelles en quatre processus cognitifs centraux (exigences absolutistes, dramatisation, faible tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 la frustration et d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciation globale).<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type de test :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique (auto-rapport\u00e9 \/ <em>self-report inventory<\/em>) \u00e9valuant les cognitions et croyances irrationnelles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 100 items r\u00e9partis \u00e9quitablement en 10 sous-\u00e9chelles de 10 items chacune.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon ou passation informatis\u00e9e \/ num\u00e9rique individuelle ou collective.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps de passation :<\/strong> Environ 20 \u00e0 35 minutes selon le rythme de lecture du r\u00e9pondant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de type Likert en 5 points comprenant les ancres suivantes :\n<ul>\n<li>1 = Strongly Disagree (Tout \u00e0 fait en d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li>2 = Disagree (En d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li>3 = Neutral (Neutre \/ Ni d&rsquo;accord ni en d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li>4 = Agree (D&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li>5 = Strongly Agree (Tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et scoring :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;instrument int\u00e8gre des items formul\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re directe (l&rsquo;accord refl\u00e8te une croyance irrationnelle) et des items invers\u00e9s (l&rsquo;accord refl\u00e8te une philosophie rationnelle ou adaptative).<\/li>\n<li>Pour les items irrationnels directs, le score correspond directement \u00e0 la valeur num\u00e9rique choisie (1 = 1 point &#8230; 5 = 5 points).<\/li>\n<li>Pour les items rationnels invers\u00e9s, la cotation est recalcul\u00e9e selon la formule invers\u00e9e : Score = 6 &#8211; R\u00e9ponse (c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire : 1 devient 5, 2 devient 4, 3 reste 3, 4 devient 2, et 5 devient 1).<\/li>\n<li>Un score brut de sous-\u00e9chelle est obtenu en sommant les scores des 10 items constitutifs de chaque facteur (intervalle possible de 10 \u00e0 50 par sous-\u00e9chelle).<\/li>\n<li>Un score total d&rsquo;irrationalit\u00e9 globale est g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par la sommation des 10 sous-\u00e9chelles (intervalle th\u00e9orique possible de 100 \u00e0 500 points). Un score total \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u00e9note une adh\u00e9sion massive \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me cognitif rigide, dysfonctionnel et irrationnel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9partition des items par sous-\u00e9chelle :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Facteur 1 (Besoin d&rsquo;approbation) :<\/em> Items 1, 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91<\/li>\n<li><em>Facteur 2 (Exigences de r\u00e9ussite) :<\/em> Items 2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82, 92<\/li>\n<li><em>Facteur 3 (Propension au bl\u00e2me) :<\/em> Items 3, 13, 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, 93<\/li>\n<li><em>Facteur 4 (R\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e0 la frustration) :<\/em> Items 4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94<\/li>\n<li><em>Facteur 5 (Irresponsabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle) :<\/em> Items 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95<\/li>\n<li><em>Facteur 6 (Inqui\u00e9tude anxieuse) :<\/em> Items 6, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66, 76, 86, 96<\/li>\n<li><em>Facteur 7 (\u00c9vitement des probl\u00e8mes) :<\/em> Items 7, 17, 27, 37, 47, 57, 67, 77, 87, 97<\/li>\n<li><em>Facteur 8 (D\u00e9pendance) :<\/em> Items 8, 18, 28, 38, 48, 58, 68, 78, 88, 98<\/li>\n<li><em>Facteur 9 (Impuissance face au pass\u00e9) :<\/em> Items 9, 19, 29, 39, 49, 59, 69, 79, 89, 99<\/li>\n<li><em>Facteur 10 (Perfectionnisme \/ Solution id\u00e9ale) :<\/em> Items 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9veloppement :<\/strong> 1968 (publication de la th\u00e8se doctorale de Richard G. Jones). Un manuel de test commercial a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 diffus\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de 1969 par <em>Test Systems, Inc.<\/em> (Wichita, Kansas).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur et permissions :<\/strong> Le document originel complet de la th\u00e8se doctorale de Richard Garner Jones est archiv\u00e9 et accessible publiquement au sein du d\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Texas Tech (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/repositories.tdl.org\/ttu-ir\/handle\/2346\/18941\">Texas Tech University Institutional Repository<\/a>). L&rsquo;instrument est fr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 des fins de recherche acad\u00e9mique non commerciale sans frais d&rsquo;acquisition de licence, sous r\u00e9serve de citer scrupuleusement l&rsquo;auteur et la source originale. Pour les usages commerciaux ou cliniques institutionnels \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, la consultation des \u00e9diteurs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en tests psychologiques distribuant le mat\u00e9riel de Jones ou de l&rsquo;Albert Ellis Institute est recommand\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarification :<\/strong> Libre d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s pour les chercheurs et universitaires consultant la dissertation dans le cadre d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes scientifiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Bernard, M. E. (1998). Validation of the General Attitude and Belief Scale. <em>Journal of Rational-Emotive &amp; Cognitive-Behavior Therapy<\/em>, 16(3), 183\u2013196. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1024915609424\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1024915609424<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cramer, D. (1985). The Irrational Beliefs Test and its relationship to neuroticism and anxiety. <em>British Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy<\/em>, 3(2), 64\u201372.<\/li>\n<li>Ellis, A. (1962). <em>Reason and emotion in psychotherapy<\/em>. Lyle Stuart.<\/li>\n<li>Goldfried, M. R., &amp; Sobocinski, P. R. (1975). Effect of irrational beliefs on emotional arousal. <em>Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 43(4), 504\u2013510. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0076785\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0076785<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Jones, R. G. (1968). <em>A factored measure of Ellis&rsquo; irrational belief system, with personality and maladjustment correlates<\/em> (Doctoral dissertation, Texas Technological College). Texas Tech University Institutional Repository. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/repositories.tdl.org\/ttu-ir\/handle\/2346\/18941\">http:\/\/repositories.tdl.org\/ttu-ir\/handle\/2346\/18941<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Kassinove, H. (1986). Survey of Personal Beliefs: A rational-emotive measure of irrational thinking. <em>Journal of Rational-Emotive Therapy<\/em>, 4(2), 119\u2013130. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01073280\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01073280<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lohr, J. M., &amp; Bonge, D. (1982). The factorial framework of the Irrational Beliefs Test. <em>Cognitive Therapy and Research<\/em>, 6(1), 89\u201396. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01185730\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01185730<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Malouff, J. M., &amp; Schutte, N. S. (1986). Development and validation of a measure of irrational belief. <em>Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 54(6), 860\u2013862. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.54.6.860\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.54.6.860<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Nelson, R. E. (1977). Irrational beliefs in depression. <em>Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 45(6), 1190\u20131191. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.45.6.1190\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.45.6.1190<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Smith, T. W. (1982). Irrational beliefs in the cause and treatment of emotional distress: A critical review of the Rational-Emotive model. <em>Clinical Psychology Review<\/em>, 2(4), 505\u2013522. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0272-7358(82)90026-7\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0272-7358(82)90026-7<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Trexler, L. D., &amp; Karst, T. O. (1972). Rational-emotive therapy, placebo, and no-treatment effects on public-speaking anxiety. <em>Journal of Abnormal Psychology<\/em>, 79(1), 60\u201367. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0032338\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0032338<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Watson, P. J., Varnell, S. P., &amp; Hanisian, H. (1987). \u00ab\u00a0Irrational beliefs\u00a0\u00bb and depression: Further study of the Irrational Beliefs Test. <em>Journal of Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 43(1), 77\u201381. <a https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01183267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-4679(198701)43:177::AID-JCLP22704301113.0.CO;2-C\u00a0\u00bb%20target=\u00a0\u00bb_blank\u00a0\u00bb%20rel=\u00a0\u00bbnoopener%20noreferrer\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-4679(198701)43:1&lt;77::AID-JCLP2270430111&gt;3.0.CO;2-C\/a\/liliZurawski,%20R.%20M.,%20&#038;%20Smith,%20T.%20W.%20(1987).%20Assessing%20irrational%20beliefs%20and%20emotional%20distress:%20Evidence%20of%20criterion%20contamination%20in%20the%20Irrational%20Beliefs%20Test.%20emCognitive%20Therapy%20and%20Research\/em,%2011(2),%20225\u2013231.%20a%20href=\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01183267<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is important to me that others approve of me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I hate to fail at anything.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People who do wrong deserve what they get.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually accept what happens philosophically.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If a person wants to\u201a he can be happy under almost any circumstances.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have a fear of some things that often bothers me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually put off important decisions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Everyone needs someone he can depend on for help and advice.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">&quot;A zebra cannot change his stripes&quot;.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is a right way to do everything.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like the respect of others\u201a but I don&#039;t have to have it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I avoid things I cannot do well.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Too many evil persons escape the punishment they deserve.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Frustrations don&#039;t upset me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People are disturbed not by situations but by the view they take of them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel little anxiety over unexpected dangers or future events.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to go ahead and get irksome tasks behind me when they come up.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to consult an authority on important decisions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is almost impossible to overcome the influences of the past.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is no perfect solution to anything.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I want everyone to like me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t mind competing in activities where others are better than I.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Those who do wrong deserve to be blamed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Things should be different from the way they are.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I cause my own moods.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often can&#039;t get my mind off some concern.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I avoid facing my problems.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People need a source of strength outside themselves.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Jus: because something once strongly affects your life doesn&#039;t mean it need do so in the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is seldom an easy way out of life&#039;s difficulties.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can like myself even when many others don&#039;t.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to succeed at something but I don&#039;t feel I have to.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Immorality should be strongly punished.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often get disturbed over situations I don&#039;t like.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People who are miserable have usually made themselves that way.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I can&#039;t keep something from happening\u201a I don\u2019t worry about it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually make decisions promptly as I can.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are certain people that 1 depend on greatly&#039;.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People overvalue the influence of the past.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Some problems will always be with us.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If others dislike me\u201a that\u2019s their problem\u201a not mine.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is highly important to me to be successful in everything I do.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I seldom blame people for their wrong doings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually accept things the way they are\u201a even if I don\u2019t like them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A person won\u2019t stay angry or blue long unless he keeps himself that way.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can&#039;t stand to take chances.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Life is too short to spend it doing unpleasant tasks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like to stand on my own two feet.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I had had different experiences I could be more like I want to be.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Every problem has a correct solution.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it hard to go against what others think.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy activities for their own sake\u201a no matter how good I am at them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The fear of punishment helps people be good.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If things annoy me\u201a I just ignore them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The more problems a person has\u201a the less happy he will be.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am seldom anxious over the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I seldom put things off.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am the only one who can really understand and face my problems.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I seldom think of past experiences as affecting me now.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We live in a world of chance and probability.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Although I like approval\u201a it\u2019s not a real need for me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It bothers me when others are better than I am at something.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Everyone is basically good.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I do what I can to get what I want and then don\u2019t worry about it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Nothing is upsetting in itself -\u200e- only in the way you interpret it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I worry a lot about certain things in the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is difficult for me to do unpleasant chores.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I dislike for others to make my decisions for me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We are slaves to our personal histories.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is seldom an ideal solution to anything.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often worry about how much people approve of and accept me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It upsets me to make mistakes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">73<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It&#039;s unfair that &quot;the rain falls on both the just and the unjust&quot;.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">74<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am fairly easygoing about life.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">75<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">More people should face up to the unpleasantness of life.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">76<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Sometimes I can\u2019t get a fear off\u00a0my mind.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">77<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A life of ease is seldom very rewarding.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">78<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it easy to seek advice.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">79<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Once something strongly affects your life\u201a it always will.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">80<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is better to look for a practical solution than a perfect one.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">81<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have considerable concern with what people are feeling about me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">82<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often become quite annoyed over little things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">83<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually give someone who has wronged me a second chance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">84<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I dislike responsibility.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">85<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is never any season to remain sorrowful for every long.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">86<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I hardly ever think of such things as death or atomic war.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">87<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People are happiest when they have challenges and problems to overcome.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">88<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I dislike ha\u200eving to depend on others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">89<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People never change basically.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">90<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel I must handle things in the right way.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">91<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is annoying but not upsetting to be criticized.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">92<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I\u2019m not afraid to do things which I cannot do well.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">93<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">No one is evil\u201a even though his deeds may be.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">94<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I seldom become upset over the mistake of others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">95<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Man makes his own hell within himself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">96<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often find myself planning what I would do different dangerous situation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">97<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If something is necessary\u201a I do it even if it is unpleasant.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">98<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I\u2019ve learned not to expect someone else to be very concerned.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">99<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don\u2019t look upon the past with any regrets.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">100<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is no such things as an ideal set of circumstances.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Test des Croyances Irrationnelles (IBT) de Richard G. Jones (1968) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique de 100 items \u00e9valuant le syst\u00e8me de croyances irrationnelles d&rsquo;Albert Ellis au c\u0153ur de la th\u00e9rapie rationnelle-\u00e9motive (REBT). D\u00e9couvrez son cadre th\u00e9orique, ses qualit\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques et ses items complets.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[13198,1003,2106],"tags":[7451,11299,5624,23168,16,7452,23169,289],"class_list":["post-14859","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-devaluation-cognitive","category-psychometrie-clinique","category-therapie-cognitivo-comportementale","tag-albert-ellis","tag-croyances-irrationnelles","tag-distorsions-cognitives","tag-ibt","tag-psychometrie","tag-rebt","tag-richard-g-jones","tag-tcc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14859"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14859\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}