{"id":14331,"date":"2026-10-07T13:02:06","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T13:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/adolescent-coping-orientation-for-problem-experience-a-cope\/"},"modified":"2026-10-07T13:02:06","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T13:02:06","slug":"adolescent-coping-orientation-for-problem-experience-a-cope","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=adolescent-coping-orientation-for-problem-experience-a-cope","title":{"rendered":"Orientation des Strat\u00e9gies d&rsquo;Adaptation des Adolescents Face aux Probl\u00e8mes (A-COPE)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experience (A-COPE)<\/strong>, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Joan M. Patterson et Hamilton I. McCubbin en 1987, est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique auto-rapport\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour identifier et \u00e9valuer les comportements et strat\u00e9gies d&rsquo;adaptation (<em>coping<\/em>) mobilis\u00e9s par les adolescents lorsqu&rsquo;ils sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des situations de crise, de stress ou de transition d\u00e9veloppementale. Compos\u00e9 de 54 items \u00e9valu\u00e9s sur une \u00e9chelle de Likert en 5 points allant de 1 (\u00ab Jamais \u00bb) \u00e0 5 (\u00ab La plupart du temps \u00bb), le questionnaire structure le r\u00e9pertoire d&rsquo;adaptation juv\u00e9nile autour de 12 dimensions factorielles distinctes : la ventilation des \u00e9motions (<em>ventilating feelings<\/em>), la recherche de diversions (<em>seeking diversions<\/em>), le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;autonomie et de l&rsquo;optimisme (<em>developing self-reliance and optimism<\/em>), le d\u00e9veloppement du soutien social (<em>developing social support<\/em>), la r\u00e9solution des probl\u00e8mes familiaux (<em>solving family problems<\/em>), l&rsquo;\u00e9vitement des probl\u00e8mes familiaux (<em>avoiding family problems<\/em>), la qu\u00eate de soutien spirituel (<em>seeking spiritual support<\/em>), l&rsquo;investissement aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;amis proches (<em>investing in close friends<\/em>), la recherche d&rsquo;aide professionnelle (<em>seeking professional support<\/em>), l&rsquo;engagement dans des activit\u00e9s exigeantes (<em>engaging in demanding activities<\/em>), l&rsquo;humour (<em>being humorous<\/em>) et la relaxation (<em>relaxing<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Con\u00e7u \u00e0 l&rsquo;intersection de la psychologie du d\u00e9veloppement adolescent et de l&rsquo;approche syst\u00e9mique de la r\u00e9silience familiale (mod\u00e8le Double ABCX), l&rsquo;A-COPE pr\u00e9sente des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques document\u00e9es, notamment une coh\u00e9rence interne satisfaisante pour ses sous-\u00e9chelles principales (coefficients alpha de Cronbach variant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de 0,60 \u00e0 0,76) et une excellente validit\u00e9 de construit d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires. Neuf items font l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une cotation invers\u00e9e (items 7, 8, 19, 24, 26, 28, 42, 46 et 49) afin de distinguer les strat\u00e9gies constructives des conduites d&rsquo;ext\u00e9riorisation potentiellement \u00e0 risque. Cet outil demeure une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale en p\u00e9dopsychiatrie, en psychologie scolaire et en sociologie de la sant\u00e9 pour analyser les profils d&rsquo;ajustement face \u00e0 l&rsquo;adversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Coping chez l&rsquo;adolescent, A-COPE, strat\u00e9gies d&rsquo;adaptation, stress per\u00e7u, psychom\u00e9trie, r\u00e9silience familiale, sant\u00e9 mentale des adolescents, r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle, \u00e9valuation psychologique, mod\u00e8le Double ABCX.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle A-COPE a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e conjointement par deux chercheurs reconnus dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude des syst\u00e8mes familiaux, du stress d\u00e9veloppemental et des processus d&rsquo;adaptation :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Joan M. Patterson, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeure \u00e9m\u00e9rite en sciences sociales de la sant\u00e9 et sant\u00e9 maternelle\/infantile au sein de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sph.umn.edu\/\">School of Public Health de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Minnesota<\/a>. Ses travaux pionniers portent sur l&rsquo;impact des maladies chroniques infantiles sur le fonctionnement familial et les m\u00e9canismes d&rsquo;adaptation r\u00e9siliente tout au long du cycle de vie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hamilton I. McCubbin, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite en \u00e9tudes familiales \u00e0 l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wisc.edu\/\">Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin-Madison<\/a> et ancien doyen de la School of Human Ecology. Auteur et th\u00e9oricien majeur de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation familiale, il est le co-d\u00e9veloppeur du mod\u00e8le de r\u00e9silience familiale et du mod\u00e8le FAAR (<em>Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;adolescence repr\u00e9sente une p\u00e9riode charni\u00e8re marqu\u00e9e par de profondes m\u00e9tamorphoses pubertaires, la ren\u00e9gociation de l&rsquo;autonomie familiale, l&rsquo;intensification des exigences scolaires et l&rsquo;importance cruciale du groupe de pairs. Face \u00e0 ces stresseurs normatifs et non normatifs, les adolescents d\u00e9ploient une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponses comportementales et cognitives qui ne s&rsquo;alignent pas n\u00e9cessairement sur les sch\u00e9mas d&rsquo;adaptation observ\u00e9s chez l&rsquo;adulte. L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;A-COPE est de cartographier de mani\u00e8re empirique et multidimensionnelle l&rsquo;ensemble du r\u00e9pertoire des comportements d&rsquo;ajustement sp\u00e9cifiques aux jeunes \u00e2g\u00e9s de 12 \u00e0 18 ans.<\/p>\n<h3>Applications en recherche et en pratique clinique<\/h3>\n<p>Dans le domaine de la recherche, l&rsquo;A-COPE permet d&rsquo;explorer les m\u00e9diateurs et mod\u00e9rateurs reliant l&rsquo;exposition au stress aigu ou chronique (par exemple, la maladie chronique d&rsquo;un parent, la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 socio-\u00e9conomique, les conflits intrafamiliaux ou le harc\u00e8lement scolaire) aux trajectoires psychopathologiques ou d&rsquo;\u00e9panouissement. Il sert d&rsquo;instrument de choix dans les \u00e9tudes longitudinales \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des programmes d&rsquo;apprentissage socio-\u00e9motionnel en milieu scolaire.<\/p>\n<p>En pratique clinique et de conseil psychologique, l&rsquo;inventaire fournit aux praticiens un profil individualis\u00e9 des m\u00e9canismes de d\u00e9fense et d&rsquo;adaptation du jeune patient. Il permet d&rsquo;identifier pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment si l&rsquo;adolescent s&rsquo;appuie sur des conduites de r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes prosociales, recherche activement du soutien, ou s&rsquo;il s&rsquo;engage de fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9dominante dans des r\u00e9ponses d&rsquo;ext\u00e9riorisation destructrices (consommation de substances psychoactives, d\u00e9charges agressives, retrait social). Cette caract\u00e9risation fine oriente la mise en place d&rsquo;interventions cibl\u00e9es issues des <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/ptsd-guideline\/patients-and-families\/cognitive-behavioral\">th\u00e9rapies cognitivo-comportementales (TCC)<\/a> ou des th\u00e9rapies syst\u00e9miques familiales.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;A-COPE conceptualise le coping non pas comme un trait de personnalit\u00e9 immuable, mais comme un ensemble organis\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponses comportementales et cognitives explicites visant \u00e0 g\u00e9rer, r\u00e9duire ou tol\u00e9rer les tensions internes et externes g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es par l&rsquo;adversit\u00e9. L&rsquo;instrument appr\u00e9hende 12 dimensions distinctes qui refl\u00e8tent l&rsquo;\u00e9cologie sociale et individuelle de l&rsquo;adolescent :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Ventilation des \u00e9motions (Ventilating Feelings)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension regroupe les comportements d&rsquo;ext\u00e9riorisation de la frustration, de la col\u00e8re ou de la d\u00e9tresse affective. Elle comprend des manifestations verbales ou physiques telles que pleurer (item 14), crier sur autrui (item 19), jurer (item 26) ou se plaindre \u00e0 ses pairs (item 51). Bien qu&rsquo;elle permette une d\u00e9charge cathartique imm\u00e9diate, son utilisation excessive est fr\u00e9quemment corr\u00e9l\u00e9e \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s de r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Recherche de diversions (Seeking Diversions)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9value les activit\u00e9s r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives et distrayantes mobilis\u00e9es pour d\u00e9tourner temporairement l&rsquo;attention du foyer de tension. Elle englobe des activit\u00e9s comme \u00e9couter de la musique (item 5), faire du shopping (item 11), regarder la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision (item 43) ou jouer \u00e0 des jeux vid\u00e9o (item 53).<\/p>\n<h3>3. D\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;autonomie et de l&rsquo;optimisme (Developing Self-Reliance and Optimism)<\/h3>\n<p>Refl\u00e9tant le sentiment d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-efficacy\">Albert Bandura<\/a>) et le recadrage cognitif positif, cette composante \u00e9value la propension du sujet \u00e0 compter sur ses propres ressources, \u00e0 tenter de r\u00e9soudre activement ses difficult\u00e9s (item 32), \u00e0 prendre ses propres d\u00e9cisions (item 47) et \u00e0 identifier les aspects positifs d&rsquo;une situation difficile (item 45).<\/p>\n<h3>4. D\u00e9veloppement du soutien social (Developing Social Support)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure la recherche active d&rsquo;aide relationnelle et communicative aupr\u00e8s du r\u00e9seau \u00e9largi, incluant le fait de discuter avec d&rsquo;autres personnes pour exprimer son ressenti, demander conseil ou s&rsquo;excuser (item 4).<\/p>\n<h3>5. R\u00e9solution des probl\u00e8mes familiaux (Solving Family Problems)<\/h3>\n<p>Centr\u00e9e sur le fonctionnement intrafamilial, elle appr\u00e9hende les d\u00e9marches directes pour apaiser les tensions domestiques : respecter les r\u00e8gles parentales (item 1), raisonner avec ses parents et n\u00e9gocier des compromis (item 12), et participer \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s en famille (item 41).<\/p>\n<h3>6. \u00c9vitement des probl\u00e8mes familiaux (Avoiding Family Problems)<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;oppos\u00e9 de la r\u00e9solution constructive, cette \u00e9chelle capture les strat\u00e9gies d&rsquo;\u00e9chappement physique ou relationnel vis-\u00e0-vis du domicile familial, telles que chercher \u00e0 rester loin de chez soi le plus possible (item 8), consommer de l&rsquo;alcool (item 46) ou des drogues (item 24).<\/p>\n<h3>7. Qu\u00eate de soutien spirituel (Seeking Spiritual Support)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette \u00e9chelle \u00e9value le recours aux croyances et pratiques religieuses comme vecteur de r\u00e9confort et de sens : prier (item 44), se rendre \u00e0 un lieu de culte (item 23) ou dialoguer avec un repr\u00e9sentant religieux (item 21).<\/p>\n<h3>8. Investissement aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;amis proches (Investing in Close Friends)<\/h3>\n<p>Compte tenu du r\u00f4le central des pairs au cours de cette \u00e9tape de vie, cette \u00e9chelle mesure l&rsquo;engagement affectif intime avec les amis intimes ou le partenaire amoureux (items 16, 29, 35, 52).<\/p>\n<h3>9. Recherche d&rsquo;aide professionnelle (Seeking Professional Support)<\/h3>\n<p>Elle mesure la d\u00e9marche volontaire de solliciter des intervenants sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s : conseillers scolaires, enseignants (item 6), psychologues ou th\u00e9rapeutes externes (item 34).<\/p>\n<h3>10. Engagement dans des activit\u00e9s exigeantes (Engaging in Demanding Activities)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette facette correspond \u00e0 l&rsquo;investissement soutenu dans le travail scolaire, les projets acad\u00e9miques (item 27) ou l&rsquo;exercice d&rsquo;un emploi r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9 (item 40) en tant que strat\u00e9gies de compensation constructive.<\/p>\n<h3>11. Recours \u00e0 l&rsquo;humour (Being Humorous)<\/h3>\n<p>Elle \u00e9value l&rsquo;utilisation de la plaisanterie, de la d\u00e9rision et de la l\u00e9g\u00e8ret\u00e9 pour relativiser les stresseurs (items 3 et 20).<\/p>\n<h3>12. Relaxation (Relaxing)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension regroupe les conduites favorisant l&rsquo;apaisement psychocorporel passif ou actif : lecture (item 2), sommeil r\u00e9parateur (item 48) et pratique d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s physiques soutenues (item 54).<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;A-COPE s&rsquo;enracine \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e du <strong>mod\u00e8le transactionnel du stress et du coping<\/strong> formalis\u00e9 par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Lazarus\">Richard Lazarus<\/a> et Susan Folkman (1984), et des th\u00e9ories syst\u00e9miques de la dynamique familiale \u00e9labor\u00e9es par Hamilton McCubbin et Joan Patterson.<\/p>\n<h3>Le mod\u00e8le transactionnel de Lazarus et Folkman<\/h3>\n<p>Selon cette approche, le coping repr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;ensemble des efforts cognitifs et comportementaux constamment changeants d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par un individu pour ma\u00eetriser, r\u00e9duire ou tol\u00e9rer des demandes sp\u00e9cifiques internes et\/ou externes per\u00e7ues comme mena\u00e7antes ou exc\u00e9dant ses ressources. Lazarus et Folkman ont traditionnellement dichotomis\u00e9 ces processus entre coping centr\u00e9 sur le probl\u00e8me (actions directes modifiant la source de stress) et coping centr\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;\u00e9motion (r\u00e9gulation de la r\u00e9ponse affective). McCubbin et Patterson ont constat\u00e9 que cette dichotomie adulte \u00e9tait trop r\u00e9ductrice pour saisir la pluralit\u00e9 des contextes de vie des adolescents, n\u00e9cessitant une granularit\u00e9 comportementale plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h3>Le mod\u00e8le Double ABCX et le mod\u00e8le FAAR<\/h3>\n<p>Au niveau syst\u00e9mique, McCubbin et Patterson (1983) ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 le mod\u00e8le <em>Double ABCX<\/em>, puis le mod\u00e8le <em>Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response (FAAR)<\/em>. Dans ces mod\u00e8les, l&rsquo;adolescent n&rsquo;est pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un agent isol\u00e9, mais comme un sous-syst\u00e8me interactif au sein de l&rsquo;\u00e9cologie familiale :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le facteur <strong>A<\/strong> (l&rsquo;accumulation des stresseurs) interagit avec les ressources disponibles (facteur <strong>B<\/strong>) et les d\u00e9finitions\/perceptions que l&rsquo;adolescent et sa famille attribuent \u00e0 la situation (facteur <strong>C<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<li>Le coping adolescent constitue la r\u00e9ponse active reliant l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation cognitive aux trajectoires de bon ajustement (<em>bonadaptation<\/em>) ou d&rsquo;inadaptation (<em>maladaptation<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo;A-COPE a \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement instrument\u00e9 pour mesurer ce r\u00e9pertoire comportemental individuel tout en tenant compte de l&rsquo;interface entre l&rsquo;autonomie \u00e9mergente de l&rsquo;adolescent et son appartenance au syst\u00e8me familial.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique de l&rsquo;A-COPE a fait l&rsquo;objet de nombreuses investigations empiriques depuis sa parution initiale en 1987.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et validit\u00e9 de construit<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de contenu a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie lors de la phase initiale de cr\u00e9ation par une revue syst\u00e9matique de la litt\u00e9rature sur le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;adolescent, compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par des entretiens qualitatifs aupr\u00e8s de panels de jeunes et d&rsquo;experts en sant\u00e9 mentale p\u00e9diatrique. Les items ont \u00e9t\u00e9 formul\u00e9s pour refl\u00e9ter fid\u00e8lement les comportements observables du quotidien adolescent.<\/p>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de construit a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tay\u00e9e par la concordance entre les 12 facteurs identifi\u00e9s et les concepts th\u00e9oriques de r\u00e9gulation du stress. Des \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s de populations diversifi\u00e9es (notamment Copeland &#038; Hess, 1995) ont corrobor\u00e9 l&rsquo;existence de ces facteurs tout en mettant en lumi\u00e8re des variations sensibles selon le genre et l&rsquo;origine ethnoculturelle : les adolescentes rapportent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des scores significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s dans la recherche de soutien social et la ventilation \u00e9motionnelle, tandis que les gar\u00e7ons privil\u00e9gient davantage les activit\u00e9s physiques exigeantes et le recours \u00e0 l&rsquo;humour.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;A-COPE pr\u00e9sente une validit\u00e9 convergente robuste avec d&rsquo;autres \u00e9chelles r\u00e9put\u00e9es d&rsquo;adaptation et de psychopathologie :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les dimensions \u00ab \u00c9vitement des probl\u00e8mes familiaux \u00bb et \u00ab Ventilation des \u00e9motions \u00bb montrent des corr\u00e9lations positives significatives avec les \u00e9chelles de d\u00e9pression juv\u00e9nile (CES-D, CDI) et les inventaires de troubles des conduites.<\/li>\n<li>La dimension \u00ab D\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;autonomie et de l&rsquo;optimisme \u00bb corr\u00e8le positivement avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;estime de soi de Rosenberg et les indices de bien-\u00eatre subjectif.<\/li>\n<li>La validit\u00e9 discriminante est attest\u00e9e par l&rsquo;absence de corr\u00e9lations substantielles entre les sous-\u00e9chelles adaptatives orient\u00e9es vers la t\u00e2che et des mesures de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;A-COPE a \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9e sur de larges \u00e9chantillons normatifs et cliniques.<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon normatif princeps constitu\u00e9 par Patterson et McCubbin (1987), regroupant plus de 700 adolescents du secondaire, les coefficients <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cronbach%27s_alpha\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> pour les 12 facteurs s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnent entre 0,60 et 0,76. Bien que certains coefficients soient mod\u00e9r\u00e9s (ce qui s&rsquo;explique par la concision de sous-\u00e9chelles ne comportant que 2 \u00e0 4 items), ils sont jug\u00e9s acceptables pour des sous-dimensions comportementales br\u00e8ves selon les standards psychom\u00e9triques usuels.<\/p>\n<p>Les \u00e9chelles regroupant un plus grand nombre d&rsquo;items, telles que le \u00ab D\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;autonomie et de l&rsquo;optimisme \u00bb ou la \u00ab Ventilation des \u00e9motions \u00bb, affichent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des indices de consistance interne sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 0,72 dans les \u00e9tudes ind\u00e9pendantes ult\u00e9rieures (ex. Vliem, 2009).<\/p>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest)<\/h3>\n<p>Les analyses de stabilit\u00e9 temporelle \u00e0 un intervalle de quatre semaines r\u00e9v\u00e8lent des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation test-retest variant de 0,65 \u00e0 0,83 pour les sous-\u00e9chelles individuelles. Cette variabilit\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9e est th\u00e9oriquement coh\u00e9rente avec la nature m\u00eame du coping, con\u00e7u comme un processus dynamique pouvant s&rsquo;ajuster \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9volution des stresseurs environnementaux tout en conservant une relative r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 comportementale chez un m\u00eame individu.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle<\/h2>\n<p>La structure dimensionnelle de l&rsquo;A-COPE a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9termin\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine par une analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE) men\u00e9e sur les r\u00e9ponses de 709 lyc\u00e9ens du Midwest am\u00e9ricain :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u00e9thode d&rsquo;extraction :<\/strong> Analyse en composantes principales (ACP) suivie d&rsquo;une rotation orthogonale Varimax, puis confirm\u00e9e avec des rotations obliques (Promax) pour tenir compte des inter-corr\u00e9lations attendues entre strat\u00e9gies adaptatives.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Crit\u00e8res de r\u00e9tention :<\/strong> Valeurs propres (<em>eigenvalues<\/em>) sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 1.0 (crit\u00e8re de Kaiser) et examen du diagramme de Cattell (<em>scree plot<\/em>). Seuls les items pr\u00e9sentant une saturation factorielle (<em>factor loading<\/em>) \u00e9gale ou sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0,35 sur leur facteur principal et sans double saturation majeure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 assign\u00e9s aux sous-\u00e9chelles d\u00e9finitives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cette d\u00e9marche a extrait 12 facteurs distincts expliquant plus de 50 % de la variance totale des comportements d&rsquo;adaptation. Des \u00e9tudes ult\u00e9rieures recourant \u00e0 l&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC) ont apport\u00e9 un soutien empirique \u00e0 ce mod\u00e8le \u00e0 12 facteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s, tout en proposant parfois, pour des objectifs de recherche synth\u00e9tique, des regroupements d&rsquo;ordre sup\u00e9rieur en deux macro-facteurs :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Coping d&rsquo;approche \/ constructif<\/strong> (Autonomie, Soutien social, R\u00e9solution familiale, Humour, Activit\u00e9s exigeantes).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coping d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement \/ \u00e0 risque<\/strong> (Ventilation \u00e9motionnelle agressive, \u00c9vitement familial par substances psychoactives, Retrait).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nature de l&rsquo;outil :<\/strong> Questionnaire auto-rapport\u00e9 papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Adolescents \u00e2g\u00e9s de 12 \u00e0 18 ans (coll\u00e9giens et lyc\u00e9ens).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 54 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s comportementaux.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de cotation :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert \u00e0 5 points ordonn\u00e9e de la mani\u00e8re suivante :\n<ul>\n<li>1 = Never (Jamais)<\/li>\n<li>2 = Hardly ever (Presque jamais)<\/li>\n<li>3 = Sometimes (Parfois)<\/li>\n<li>4 = Often (Souvent)<\/li>\n<li>5 = Most of the time (La plupart du temps)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Consignes de passation :<\/strong> \u00ab When you face difficulties or feel tense, how often do you&#8230; \u00bb (Lorsque vous rencontrez des difficult\u00e9s ou que vous vous sentez tendu(e), \u00e0 quelle fr\u00e9quence faites-vous ce qui suit&#8230;).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Items invers\u00e9s :<\/strong> Items 7, 8, 19, 24, 26, 28, 42, 46 et 49. Pour ces items, le calcul inverse la valeur num\u00e9rique (1 devient 5, 2 devient 4, 3 reste 3, 4 devient 2, 5 devient 1) lors de l&rsquo;estimation des scores globaux orient\u00e9s vers l&rsquo;adaptation constructive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s de calcul des scores :<\/strong> Les scores sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement calcul\u00e9s en faisant la somme ou la moyenne des items composant chacune des 12 sous-\u00e9chelles, fournissant un profil de coping multidimensionnel plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;un score unique non diff\u00e9renci\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication princeps :<\/strong> 1987.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Droit d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> &copy; Joan M. Patterson et Hamilton I. McCubbin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut d&rsquo;utilisation et permissions :<\/strong> L&rsquo;A-COPE a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 disposition de la communaut\u00e9 scientifique et clinique par ses auteurs dans le cadre de recueils d&rsquo;instruments d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la r\u00e9silience familiale (tels que le recueil du <em>Center for Excellence in Family Studies<\/em> de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin et les ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de Fischer &#038; Corcoran). L&rsquo;instrument peut \u00eatre employ\u00e9 librement \u00e0 des fins de recherche universitaire et d&rsquo;enseignement, sous r\u00e9serve de citer scrupuleusement les publications originales des auteurs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs d&rsquo;acquisition :<\/strong> Gratuit pour la recherche non commerciale sous citation appropri\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<p>Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences suivantes documentent la conception, la validation et les applications psychom\u00e9triques de l&rsquo;A-COPE :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Copeland, E. P., &amp; Hess, R. S. (1995). Differences in young adolescents&rsquo; coping strategies based on gender and ethnicity. <em>Journal of Early Adolescence<\/em>, 15(2), 203\u2013219. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272431695015002002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272431695015002002<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Fischer, J., &amp; Corcoran, K. J. (2007). <em>Measures for clinical practice and research: A sourcebook<\/em> (4e \u00e9d., Vol. 1, p. 423\u2013426). Oxford University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Lazarus, R. S., &amp; Folkman, S. (1984). <em>Stress, appraisal, and coping<\/em>. Springer Publishing Company.<\/li>\n<li>McCubbin, H. I., &amp; Patterson, J. M. (1983). The family stress process: The Double ABCX Model of adjustment and adaptation. <em>Marriage &amp; Family Review<\/em>, 6(1-2), 7\u201337. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J002v06n01_02\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J002v06n01_02<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Patterson, J. M., &amp; McCubbin, H. I. (1987). Adolescent coping style and behaviors: Conceptualization and measurement. <em>Journal of Adolescence<\/em>, 10(2), 163\u2013186. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0140-1971(87)90045-6\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0140-1971(87)90045-6<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Vliem, S. J. (2009). <em>Adolescent coping and family functioning in the family of a child with autism<\/em> [Th\u00e8se de doctorat non publi\u00e9e]. University of Michigan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Go along with parent&#039;s requests and rules<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Read<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Try to be funny and make light of it all<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Apologize to people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Listen to music-stereo\u201a radio<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Talk to a teacher or counselor at school about what bothers you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Eat food<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Try to stay away from home as much as possible<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Use drugs prescribed by doctor<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Get more involved in activities in school<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Go shopping\u201a buy things you like<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Try to reason with parents and talk things out\u201a compromise<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Try to improve yourself (get body in shape\u201a get better grades\u201a etc.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Cry<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Try to think of the good things in your life<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Be with a boyfriend or girlfriend<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Ride around in the car<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Say nice things to others<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Get angry and yell at people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Joke and keep a sense of humor<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Talk to a minister\/priest\/rabbi<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Let off steam by complaining to family members<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Go to church<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Use drugs (not necessarily prescribed by a doctor)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Organize your life and what you have to do<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Swear<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Work hard on school work or school projects<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Blame others for what&#039;s going on<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Be close with someone you care about<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Try to help other people solve their problems<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Talk to your mother about what bothers you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Try\u201a on your own\u201a to figure out how to deal with your problems or tension<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Work on a hobby you have (sewing\u201a biking\u201a etc.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Get professional counseling (not a school teacher or school counselor)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Try to keep up friendships or make new friends<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Tell yourself the problem(s) is not important<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Go to a movie<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Daydream about how you would like things to be<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Talk to a brother or sister about how you feel<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Get a job or work harder at one<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do things with your family<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Smoke<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Watch T. V.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Pray<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Try to see the good things in a difficult situation<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Drink beer\u201a wine\u201a liquor<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Try to make your own decisions<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Sleep<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Say mean things to people\u201a be sarcastic<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Talk to your father about what bothers you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Let off steam by complaining to your friends<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Talk to a friend about how you feel<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Play video games (Space Invaders\u201a Pac-Man)\u201a pool\u201a pinball\u201a etc.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do a strenuous physical activity (jogging\u201a biking\u201a etc.)<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experience (A-COPE) est un questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique en 54 items con\u00e7u par Patterson et McCubbin pour \u00e9valuer les strat\u00e9gies d&rsquo;adaptation et de r\u00e9gulation du stress chez les adolescents \u00e0 travers 12 dimensions comportementales.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[31,40,2],"tags":[22186,57,357,194,20905,22187,16,355,356],"class_list":["post-14331","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-psychologiques","category-psychologie-de-ladolescence","category-psychometrie","tag-a-cope","tag-adolescence","tag-coping","tag-evaluation-clinique","tag-mccubbin","tag-patterson","tag-psychometrie","tag-resilience","tag-stress"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14331"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14331\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}