{"id":14309,"date":"2026-10-07T12:30:24","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T12:30:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/echelle-affirmation-de-soi-adolescents-asa\/"},"modified":"2026-10-07T12:30:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T12:30:24","slug":"echelle-affirmation-de-soi-adolescents-asa","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=echelle-affirmation-de-soi-adolescents-asa","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;affirmation de soi pour adolescents (ASA)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;affirmation de soi pour adolescents<\/strong> (<em>Assertiveness Scale for Adolescents<\/em>, ASA), \u00e9labor\u00e9e initialement par <a https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Affirmation_de_soi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-4679(198501)41:151::AID-JCLP22704101093.0.CO;2-V\u00a0\u00bb%20target=\u00a0\u00bb_blank\u00a0\u00bb%20rel=\u00a0\u00bbnoopener%20noreferrer\u00a0\u00bbDong%20Yul%20Lee,%20Ernest%20T.%20Hallberg,%20Alan%20G.%20Slemon%20et%20Richard%20F.%20Haase%20en%201985\/a,%20constitue%20l&rsquo;un%20des%20instruments%20psychom\u00e9triques%20situationnels%20les%20plus%20rigoureux%20destin\u00e9s%20\u00e0%20mesurer%20le%20niveau%20d&rsquo;a%20href=\">affirmation de soi<\/a> chez les jeunes \u00e2g\u00e9s de 11 \u00e0 18 ans. Contrairement aux \u00e9chelles traditionnelles d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation bas\u00e9es sur des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s abstraits et d\u00e9contextualis\u00e9s, l&rsquo;ASA utilise une m\u00e9thodologie d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation comportementale situationnelle compos\u00e9e de 33 vignettes narratives concr\u00e8tes ancr\u00e9es dans le quotidien adolescent : n\u00e9gociations entre pairs, interactions avec les figures d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 (parents, enseignants, entra\u00eeneurs), conflits scolaires et confrontations commerciales. Chaque sc\u00e9nario propose trois options de r\u00e9ponse mutuellement exclusives correspondant aux trois styles relationnels fondamentaux d\u00e9crits par la psychologie comportementale : le comportement passif ou inhib\u00e9, le comportement agressif ou coercitif, et le comportement assertif ou affirm\u00e9. La cotation repose sur l&rsquo;attribution d&rsquo;un point pour chaque s\u00e9lection de la r\u00e9ponse assertive, produisant un score continu d&rsquo;affirmation globale variant de 0 \u00e0 33. L&rsquo;instrument a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 d&rsquo;excellentes qualit\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques au cours de ses \u00e9tudes initiales de validation et de ses r\u00e9plications internationales ult\u00e9rieures, pr\u00e9sentant une coh\u00e9rence interne satisfaisante (coefficients alpha de Cronbach oscillant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,78 et 0,84 selon les populations \u00e9tudi\u00e9es), une stabilit\u00e9 temporelle \u00e9prouv\u00e9e (fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest \u00e0 quatre semaines de r = 0,81) et une validit\u00e9 de construit robuste d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par des analyses factorielles confirmatoires et exploratoires ainsi que des corr\u00e9lations pr\u00e9dictives significatives avec l&rsquo;adaptation sociale, l&rsquo;estime de soi, les comp\u00e9tences communicationnelles et la r\u00e9duction des conduites \u00e0 risque.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Affirmation de soi, Assertiveness Scale for Adolescents, ASA, psychom\u00e9trie, \u00e9valuation comportementale, comp\u00e9tences psychosociales, passivit\u00e9, agressivit\u00e9, dynamique des pairs, psychologie du d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue et standardis\u00e9e par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs en psychologie de l&rsquo;orientation et en psychom\u00e9trie :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dong Yul Lee, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur de psychologie du conseil et de psychom\u00e9trie, Facult\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, Universit\u00e9 Western Ontario (London, Ontario, Canada).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ernest T. Hallberg, Ed.D.<\/strong> : Professeur et chercheur en psychologie de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, California State University, Los Angeles (\u00c9tats-Unis).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alan G. Slemon, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Psychologue clinicien et professeur de psychologie, Universit\u00e9 Western Ontario (Canada).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Richard F. Haase, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychom\u00e9trie et de m\u00e9thodes quantitatives appliqu\u00e9es, Department of Counseling Psychology, State University of New York at Albany (SUNY Albany, \u00c9tats-Unis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;affirmation de soi pour adolescents<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour combler une lacune m\u00e9thodologique majeure dans l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychologique des adolescents. Historiquement, les outils d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de l&rsquo;assertivit\u00e9 \u2014 tels que l&rsquo;inventaire de Rathus (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rathus_assertiveness_schedule\">Rathus Assertiveness Schedule<\/a>) ou le <em>College Self-Expression Scale<\/em> (CSES) de Galassi \u2014 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 calibr\u00e9s sur des populations adultes ou \u00e9tudiantes universitaires. Ces questionnaires traditionnels pr\u00e9sentent deux limites critiques lorsqu&rsquo;ils sont appliqu\u00e9s \u00e0 des mineurs : d&rsquo;une part, leur formulation conceptuelle abstraite (par exemple, \u00ab J&rsquo;ai du mal \u00e0 dire non \u00bb) fait appel \u00e0 des capacit\u00e9s m\u00e9tacognitives d&rsquo;auto-analyse qui ne refl\u00e8tent pas toujours la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 comportementale directe de l&rsquo;adolescent ; d&rsquo;autre part, leurs items ne rendent pas compte des asym\u00e9tries de pouvoir institutionnelles et d\u00e9veloppementales sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 cet \u00e2ge, notamment les rapports d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 asym\u00e9triques avec les adultes (parents, professeurs) et la pression normative aigu\u00eb exerc\u00e9e par le groupe de pairs.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;ASA est donc de quantifier la capacit\u00e9 fonctionnelle d&rsquo;un adolescent \u00e0 exprimer ses \u00e9motions, d\u00e9fendre ses droits l\u00e9gitimes, refuser des demandes inacceptables et initier des r\u00e9solutions de probl\u00e8mes sans basculer dans la complaisance passive ni dans l&rsquo;hostilit\u00e9 destructive. En employant la technique du <em>test de jugement situationnel<\/em> (SJT), l&rsquo;instrument confronte l&rsquo;adolescent \u00e0 des dilemmes d&rsquo;un r\u00e9alisme \u00e9cologique remarquable : la gestion d&rsquo;un ami qui ne rembourse pas sa dette, un professeur qui porte une accusation erron\u00e9e de tricherie, un adulte qui passe devant dans une file d&rsquo;attente, ou la pression des pairs incitant \u00e0 consommer du tabac. Sur le plan clinique, l&rsquo;ASA sert de bilan diagnostique pour les jeunes souffrant de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phobie_sociale\">phobie sociale<\/a>, d&rsquo;inhibition relationnelle, de conduites tyranniques ou de propension \u00e0 la victimation par harc\u00e8lement scolaire. En milieu \u00e9ducatif et pr\u00e9ventif, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle permet de mesurer l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;ateliers d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement aux comp\u00e9tences psychosociales (<em>Social Skills Training<\/em>), de programmes de th\u00e9rapie narrative ou d&rsquo;interventions cognitivo-comportementales visant le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;autonomie et de la communication constructive.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit psychologique d&rsquo;<strong>affirmation de soi<\/strong> (assertivit\u00e9) \u00e9valu\u00e9 par l&rsquo;ASA s&rsquo;inscrit au carrefour de la th\u00e9orie cognitive et des th\u00e9rapies comportementales. Selon le mod\u00e8le tripartite canonique d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Alberti et Emmons ainsi que Wolpe, tout comportement interpersonnel face \u00e0 une tension d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat se structure autour de trois p\u00f4les exclusifs :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Le style assertif (affirmation constructive de soi)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;assertivit\u00e9 renvoie \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;exprimer avec clart\u00e9, congruence et respect mutuel ses besoins, sentiments, opinions et limites, tout en reconnaissant et respectant les droits d&rsquo;autrui. Dans l&rsquo;ASA, la r\u00e9ponse assertive est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Une communication verbale directe et calme sans d\u00e9valorisation d&rsquo;autrui (ex. Item 2 : \u00ab Oui, je vois bien que vous \u00eates press\u00e9e, mais je le suis aussi. Veuillez attendre votre tour ou aller \u00e0 une autre caisse \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li>La recherche d&rsquo;une n\u00e9gociation \u00e9quitable ou le recours l\u00e9gitime aux canaux de r\u00e9gulation (ex. Item 6 : demander \u00e0 l&rsquo;enseignant de revoir une correction litigieuse de mani\u00e8re constructive).<\/li>\n<li>La r\u00e9sistance explicite et pos\u00e9e \u00e0 la manipulation ou \u00e0 la contrainte des pairs (ex. Item 31 : refuser une cigarette sans fuite ni agression en affirmant clairement son refus).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Le style passif (inhibition relationnelle et soumission)<\/h3>\n<p>La passivit\u00e9 traduit une d\u00e9valorisation de ses propres droits fondamentaux au profit du soulagement imm\u00e9diat de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale ou de la pr\u00e9servation artificielle du lien relationnel. Dans l&rsquo;ASA, les options passives incarnent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La complaisance r\u00e9sign\u00e9e (ex. Item 9 : se forcer \u00e0 manger un aliment avari\u00e9 ou d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8re pour ne pas froisser la m\u00e8re d&rsquo;un ami).<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;\u00e9vitement silencieux et la fuite (ex. Item 4 : inventer un pr\u00e9texte ou se taire plut\u00f4t que de poser une limite claire \u00e0 un ami abuseur).<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;acceptation tacite d&rsquo;un traitement injuste avec int\u00e9riorisation du ressentiment (ex. Item 22 : accepter sans contestation une r\u00e9duction unilat\u00e9rale de sa r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration de garde d&rsquo;enfants).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. Le style agressif (coercition et hostilit\u00e9)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;agressivit\u00e9 se manifeste par la tentative d&rsquo;imposer ses d\u00e9sirs et de faire respecter ses pr\u00e9rogatives aux d\u00e9pens des sentiments et des droits de l&rsquo;interlocuteur, par le m\u00e9pris, la menace ou la violence physique et verbale. Dans l&rsquo;ASA, ces manifestations incluent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;insulte, l&rsquo;attaque personnelle et la disqualification brutale (ex. Item 1 : qualifier son meilleur ami d&rsquo;escroc et menacer de rompre la relation).<\/li>\n<li>Le recours \u00e0 la repr\u00e9saille ou \u00e0 l&rsquo;agressivit\u00e9 passive\/active (ex. Item 23 : briser d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment une vitre le lendemain pour se venger d&rsquo;un reproche infond\u00e9 d&rsquo;un voisin).<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;irruption de col\u00e8res impulsives inadapt\u00e9es (ex. Item 5 : insulter l&rsquo;entra\u00eeneur et quitter le gymnase avec fracas).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ASA repose sur les fondements th\u00e9oriques de l&rsquo;<strong>apprentissage social<\/strong> formalis\u00e9 par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Bandura\">Albert Bandura<\/a>, combin\u00e9s aux principes du b\u00e9haviorisme appliqu\u00e9 et de la th\u00e9rapie comportementale initi\u00e9s par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Wolpe\">Joseph Wolpe<\/a> et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_E._Alberti\">Robert Alberti et Michael Emmons<\/a>. Selon ce cadre, l&rsquo;affirmation de soi n&rsquo;est pas un trait de personnalit\u00e9 immuable ou g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement d\u00e9termin\u00e9, mais un r\u00e9pertoire complexe de <em>comp\u00e9tences comportementales apprises<\/em>, modul\u00e9es par les sch\u00e9mas cognitifs de l&rsquo;individu, ses ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents de renforcement social et ses attentes d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Durant l&rsquo;adolescence, p\u00e9riode charni\u00e8re identifi\u00e9e par Erik Erikson dans son stade d&rsquo;\u00ab identit\u00e9 contre confusion des r\u00f4les \u00bb, le jeune individu est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 une ren\u00e9gociation radicale de ses fronti\u00e8res autonomes. D&rsquo;une part, il doit s&rsquo;\u00e9manciper du mod\u00e8le filial traditionnel en d\u00e9finissant son autorit\u00e9 personnelle vis-\u00e0-vis des adultes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ; d&rsquo;autre part, il doit naviguer au sein de la hi\u00e9rarchie du groupe de pairs, o\u00f9 l&rsquo;intimidation, l&rsquo;exclusion sociale et le conformisme constituent des risques majeurs. Lee et ses coll\u00e8gues (1985) ont postul\u00e9 qu&rsquo;en raison de la variabilit\u00e9 situationnelle des comportements, l&rsquo;affirmation de soi chez les adolescents ne peut \u00eatre valablement appr\u00e9hend\u00e9e que si l&rsquo;instrument mesure l&rsquo;interaction individu-environnement. L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation contextuelle permet de dissocier les contextes o\u00f9 l&rsquo;adolescent poss\u00e8de des comp\u00e9tences d&rsquo;auto-d\u00e9fense matures de ceux o\u00f9 le d\u00e9ficit d&rsquo;habilet\u00e9 engendre des passages \u00e0 l&rsquo;acte impulsifs (agressivit\u00e9) ou des inhibitions paralysantes (passivit\u00e9).<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;ASA a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;investigations approfondies depuis sa publication originale :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et d&rsquo;apparence<\/h3>\n<p>Les 33 situations narratives ont \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement d\u00e9riv\u00e9es d&rsquo;entretiens qualitatifs et de journaux de bord tenus par des adolescents eux-m\u00eames, garantissant une pertinence \u00e9cologique maximale. Les sc\u00e9narios ont ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis \u00e0 des comit\u00e9s d&rsquo;experts en psychologie clinique et scolaire afin de valider sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 la classification des trois alternatives de r\u00e9ponse (passive, agressive, assertive).<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de Lee et al. (1985), les scores de l&rsquo;ASA ont \u00e9t\u00e9 corr\u00e9l\u00e9s avec des mesures \u00e9tablies d&rsquo;ajustement social et de personnalit\u00e9. Les analyses d\u00e9montrent des corr\u00e9lations positives statistiquement significatives avec les sous-\u00e9chelles d&rsquo;estime de soi globale mesur\u00e9e par l&rsquo;inventaire de Coopersmith (r = 0,42 \u00e0 0,51, p &lt; 0,001) et avec les scores de dominance prosociale et de comp\u00e9tence interpersonnelle. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, l&rsquo;ASA corr\u00e8le n\u00e9gativement de mani\u00e8re substantielle avec l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale (r = -0,46), la timidit\u00e9 chronique et le sentiment de solitude \u00e9valu\u00e9 par l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de l&rsquo;UCLA.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;ASA discrimine avec une haute sensibilit\u00e9 clinique les groupes d&rsquo;adolescents pr\u00e9sentant des troubles des conduites ext\u00e9rioris\u00e9s ou int\u00e9rioris\u00e9s. Les adolescents r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s pour des probl\u00e8mes de comportement perturbateur ou d&rsquo;inhibition s\u00e9v\u00e8re pr\u00e9sentent des scores significativement inf\u00e9rieurs (moyennes situ\u00e9es entre 11,2 et 14,8) \u00e0 ceux d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons normatifs appari\u00e9s d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ves du secondaire sans difficult\u00e9s d&rsquo;adaptation (moyennes comprises entre 20,4 et 23,6 ; t(240) = 8,92, p &lt; 0,0001).<\/p>\n<h3>Sensibilit\u00e9 au changement (validit\u00e9 d&rsquo;intervention)<\/h3>\n<p>De nombreuses \u00e9tudes interventionnelles (ex. Ghavami et al., 2014 ; Amani Hafshejani et al., 2013) ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 la sensibilit\u00e9 remarquable de l&rsquo;ASA suite \u00e0 des interventions structur\u00e9es de th\u00e9rapie narrative ou d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement aux comp\u00e9tences sociales. Les groupes exp\u00e9rimentaux d&rsquo;adolescentes pr\u00e9sentaient des gains de scores statistiquement significatifs pr\u00e9-post intervention (progressant de plus de 1,5 \u00e9cart-type), validant la capacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;outil \u00e0 capter l&rsquo;\u00e9volution th\u00e9rapeutique des habilet\u00e9s affirm\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 m\u00e9trologique de l&rsquo;ASA r\u00e9pond aux standards psychom\u00e9triques \u00e9tablis par l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/\">American Psychological Association<\/a> (APA) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coh\u00e9rence interne :<\/strong> Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon de standardisation de Lee et al. (1985) comprenant 342 coll\u00e9giens et lyc\u00e9ens, le coefficient <em>alpha de Cronbach<\/em> global de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;affirmation s&rsquo;est \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u00e0 <strong>0,81<\/strong>. Des \u00e9tudes transculturelles ult\u00e9rieures ont corrobor\u00e9 cette solidit\u00e9 avec des alphas oscillant entre 0,79 et 0,85 selon les sous-groupes d&rsquo;\u00e2ge et de genre. Les coefficients de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 par bipartition (split-half de Spearman-Brown) ont affich\u00e9 des valeurs de 0,78.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest :<\/strong> La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e lors d&rsquo;une r\u00e9-administration \u00e0 quatre semaines d&rsquo;intervalle aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un sous-\u00e9chantillon non clinique (N = 86), r\u00e9v\u00e9lant un coefficient de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse de <strong>r = 0,81<\/strong> (p &lt; 0,001), ce qui confirme que bien que les conduites soient contextuelles, le degr\u00e9 global d&rsquo;assertivit\u00e9 refl\u00e8te une disposition comportementale stable chez l&rsquo;adolescent en l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;intervention cibl\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Les analyses factorielles conduites sur l&rsquo;ASA ont mis en lumi\u00e8re la structure sous-jacente du r\u00e9pertoire d&rsquo;affirmation chez les jeunes :<\/p>\n<h3>Analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE)<\/h3>\n<p>Bien que l&rsquo;ASA soit souvent utilis\u00e9e comme une \u00e9chelle unidimensionnelle (score total d&rsquo;assertivit\u00e9), les analyses factorielles men\u00e9es par Lee et ses collaborateurs ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la variance des r\u00e9ponses est organis\u00e9e autour de trois axes situationnels principaux expliquant plus de 42 % de la variance totale :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 : Affirmation face aux figures d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9<\/strong> (items 6, 8, 12, 14, 15, 21, 24, 30, 33) \u2014 Ce facteur regroupe les situations impliquant des \u00e9ducateurs, des parents ou des adultes inconnus exer\u00e7ant une pression per\u00e7ue comme injuste ou exigeante. Les saturations des items y sont fortes, oscillant entre 0,45 et 0,68.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 : Affirmation et d\u00e9fense des droits face aux pairs<\/strong> (items 1, 3, 4, 7, 16, 18, 20, 26, 31, 32) \u2014 Ce facteur englobe les situations de trahison, d&#8217;emprunt non consenti, d&rsquo;abus de confiance ou de pression de conformit\u00e9 par le groupe de camarades. Les saturations factorielles s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnent de 0,42 \u00e0 0,71.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 : Affirmation dans des contextes publics et transactions sociales<\/strong> (items 2, 9, 10, 11, 13, 17, 19, 22, 25, 27, 28) \u2014 Ce facteur concerne les interactions anonymes ou de services (files d&rsquo;attente, magasins, transports en commun, restaurants) o\u00f9 l&rsquo;adolescent doit maintenir ses pr\u00e9rogatives face \u00e0 des inconnus. Les saturations s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnent entre 0,40 et 0,64.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Analyses confirmatoires contemporaines (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>Les mod\u00e9lisations en \u00e9quations structurelles modernes confirment la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique compos\u00e9 d&rsquo;un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;assertivit\u00e9 globale de second ordre chapeautant les trois dimensions situationnelles contextuelles, avec des indices d&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation robustes (CFI &gt; 0,91 ; RMSEA &lt; 0,05).<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nature de l&rsquo;outil :<\/strong> Test de jugement situationnel d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation comportementale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Adolescents et pr\u00e9adolescents scolaris\u00e9s, \u00e2g\u00e9s de 11 \u00e0 18 ans (du coll\u00e8ge au lyc\u00e9e).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 33 vignettes narratives d\u00e9crivant des sc\u00e9narios de la vie r\u00e9elle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> Choix forc\u00e9 \u00e0 trois modalit\u00e9s par item : une r\u00e9ponse passive, une r\u00e9ponse agressive et une r\u00e9ponse assertive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e moyenne de passation :<\/strong> Environ 15 \u00e0 25 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s de cotation :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Chaque item dispose d&rsquo;une seule r\u00e9ponse consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme <strong>assertive<\/strong> selon la cl\u00e9 de correction originale valid\u00e9e :<\/li>\n<li><strong>Option \u00ab A \u00bb est assertive pour les items :<\/strong> 6, 10, 14, 20, 21, 23, 26, 28, 29, 31 et 32.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Option \u00ab B \u00bb est assertive pour les items :<\/strong> 1, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 19, 22, 25, 27, 30 et 33.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Option \u00ab C \u00bb est assertive pour les items :<\/strong> 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17 et 24.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Attribution des points :<\/strong> 1 point est accord\u00e9 lorsque le r\u00e9pondant choisit l&rsquo;option assertive ; 0 point si l&rsquo;option choisie est passive ou agressive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score total :<\/strong> Varie de 0 \u00e0 33 points. Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 refl\u00e8te un haut niveau de comp\u00e9tences d&rsquo;affirmation constructive de soi ; un score inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 15 signale des d\u00e9ficits d&rsquo;affirmation marqu\u00e9s n\u00e9cessitant un accompagnement psycho\u00e9ducatif ou clinique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 1985 (revue <em>Journal of Clinical Psychology<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Diffusion et compendiums de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence :<\/strong> Publi\u00e9e et document\u00e9e en d\u00e9tail dans l&rsquo;ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de Joel Fischer et Kevin J. Corcoran, <em>Measures for Clinical Practice and Research: A Sourcebook<\/em> (Oxford University Press, 4e \u00e9dition, 2007, Vol. 1, p. 427-434).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Droits d&rsquo;auteur et licence :<\/strong> Les droits initiaux sont d\u00e9tenus par les auteurs (Lee et al.) et les \u00e9diteurs originaux. L&rsquo;instrument est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement accessible sans frais pour des activit\u00e9s de recherche acad\u00e9mique, d&rsquo;enseignement universitaire et de pratique clinique non commerciale, sous r\u00e9serve de citer scrupuleusement les auteurs originaux et l&rsquo;article de validation de 1985. Toute exploitation commerciale ou int\u00e9gration dans des logiciels propri\u00e9taires payants n\u00e9cessite l&rsquo;accord formel pr\u00e9alable des ayants droit ou des \u00e9diteurs d\u00e9tenteurs des droits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les sources et \u00e9tudes scientifiques fondamentales relatives \u00e0 la conception, la validation et l&rsquo;application de l&rsquo;ASA comprennent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Amani Hafshejani, Z., Fatehizade, M., &amp; Yousefi, Z. (2013). The multiple relations between attachment styles and big five personality traits with assertiveness in a sample of Iranian girl. <em>Journal of Education Research and Behavioral Sciences<\/em>, 2(10), 161\u2013166.<\/li>\n<li>Fischer, J., &amp; Corcoran, K. J. (2007). <em>Measures for clinical practice and research: A sourcebook<\/em> (4th ed., Vol. 1). Oxford University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/measures-for-clinical-practice-and-research-9780195304381\">Lien \u00e9diteur Oxford<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ghavami, M., Emami, M., &amp; Bonakdar, S. A. (2014). Effectiveness of narrative therapy on the increase of self-assertiveness in female high school students (Case study: Iran (Isfahan)). <em>International Journal of Academic Research in Psychology<\/em>, 1(2), 105\u2013111. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6007\/IJARP\/v1-i2\/1110\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6007\/IJARP\/v1-i2\/1110<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lee, D. Y., Hallberg, E. T., Slemon, A. G., &amp; Haase, R. F. (1985). An assertiveness scale for adolescents. <em>Journal of Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 41(1), 51\u201357. <a wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-4679(198501)41:151::AID-JCLP22704101093.0.CO;2-V\u00a0\u00bb%20target=\u00a0\u00bb_blank\u00a0\u00bb%20rel=\u00a0\u00bbnoopener%20noreferrer\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-4679(198501)41:1&lt;51::AID-JCLP2270410109&gt;3.0.CO;2-V\/a\/li\/ulh213.%20Questions%20et%20items%20du%20questionnaire%20(Scale%20Items)\/h2div%20class=\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You and your best friend have four tickets for the football game. Your other two\u00a0friends do not show up\u201a leaving you both with an extra ticket. Your best friend says\u201cIf you give me your extra ticket\u201a I will try to sell them both.\u201d Your best friend doessell both\u201a but doesn\u2019t give you your share of the money. Would you&#8230;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Your mother has sent you shopping for food. The supermarket is busy and you are waiting patiently at the check-out. Your mother has told you to hurry. Suddenly the woman behind you pushes you with her shopping cart and says \u201cHey\u201a you don\u2019t mind if I go first\u201a do you? I\u2019m in a hurry.\u201d Would you&#8230;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A school friend of yours has been spreading lies about you. As a result\u201a most of your other friends now avoid you and talk about you behind your back. Today you happen to run Into your school friend In the cafeteria. You are greeted as If nothing has happened.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You often do favors for your friends One of your friends\u201a however\u201a requests many more favors than the others. In fact\u201a you think that some of this friend&#039;s requests are unreasonable\u201a and that you are being used. Today this friend again asks for a favor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You are a member of the school basketball team The coach has promised that everyone will get a chance to play In this game. There are only five minutes left to play In the game and the coach hasn&#039;t put you in yet.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Today you got back your graded test paper. After talking with your classmates\u201a you feel that one of your answers was not graded fairly. Later in the day your teacher greets you in the corridor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A classmate of yours missed a test and asks you for your test paper when you are walking home together. You know that the teacher is going to give the same test to those that missed the first one. You don&#039;t think that it is fair to allow your friend to get a good grade by studying only the answers to the questions on the test.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Your favorite teacher asks you to volunteer one or two hours a day to help with an extracurricular project. You are doing well in his class\u201a but are behind in some of your other subjects and are afraid that you might fail.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You are ha\u200eving dinner at a friend&#039;s house. After sitting down at the table you discover that everything is served on your plate\u201a including a vegetable you hate. This vegetable has made you Sick In the past. Your friend&#039;s mother says\u201a &quot;The rule in this house is that you eat everything on your plate.&quot;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You are standing in a line at the popcorn booth in the movie theater. The show is going to start in a few minutes and you don&#039;t want to miss the beginning. Finally you get to the counter. As the girl is about to serve you\u201a a man behind you shouts his order and the girl starts to serve him first.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You buy a game at a store. When you get home you discover that some of the pieces are missing. You go back to the store to ask for a refund or a replacement. When you to the cashier about it\u201a she says &quot;That&#039;s too bad\u201a&quot; but does nothing about It.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Your teacher singles you out In class by saying loudly\u201a &quot;Your answers to these problems are very similar to those of one of your classmates. I\u2019ll let it pass this time\u201a but don&#039;t happen again.&quot; You didn&#039;t copy anybody&#039;s work and your teacher is wrong in suggesting that you cheated<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You are traveling by bus to another City. The bus is crowded and you are sitting in the no smoking section. The man sitting beside you is smoking one cigarette after another. You are beginning to feel Sick.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is Saturday and you have just finished doings your chores. Now you would like to go out and play with your friends. Your mother\u201a however\u201a tells you that you are to babysit your younger sister for the afternoon.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During an exam the student behind you asks for a Kleenex Since you have some\u201a you pass one back. The teacher sees this and accuses you of cheating.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Your best friend has continually borrowed money from you for several days and hasn\u2019t paid you back. Today you don&#039;t have the money and need a dollar to buy lunch. You ask your best friend for some money and are refused.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You are waiting in line at a store. The customer in front of you has been chatting to the cashier for at least five minutes\u201a It is almost supper lime and you are In a hurry to get home<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Today is Wednesday and your science notebook is due on Friday. One of your friends who is behind In this subject asks to borrow your notebook to catch up. You need to do some more work on the notebook yourself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You are waiting at the bus stop with a lot of packages When the bus arrives it is almost full and you are lucky to get the last seat. After you sit down you notice that you have dr\u200eopped one of your packages. When you leave your seat to pick it up\u201a someone else takes your seat.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You and your classmate have just completed a school project together. You\u201a however\u201a have done most of the work. The teacher is very pleased\u201a especially with the drawings you did. The teacher asks which one of you did the drawings. Before you can say anything\u201a your classmate claims credit for doing them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Your teacher has told you that you have been doing very well in class lately\u201a and that your grade will go up from the B you received on your first report card. She has said that you might get an A Today you receive your final mark and discover with disbelief that it is still a B<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You are playing baseball with your friends in the backyard. One of them accidentally breaks a neighbor&#039;s window. Later\u201a when the neighbor comes home\u201a you are called over and blamed for breaking the window. Your neighbor says\u201a &quot;I know you did it. Be more careful next time. &quot;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Your mother&#039;s friend comes over to your house and asks you to run an errand for her time to go to your swimming lesson and if you do this errand you will be late. To make matters worse\u201a your mother supports her friend&#039;s request.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You and your two friends are hungry\u201a so you go to the nearest snack bar. The waitress takes your orders-two hamburgers with the works\u201a and one without onion. You hate onions. When she brings back the hamburgers\u201a all three have onions on them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Your best friend has asked to borrow the ring that your parents gave you for doing well in school last year. You value this ring very much and don&#039;t want to lend it\u201a even to your best friend.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You are at the beach. It is very crowded but you find a very good spot and place your towel there while you go swimming. When you get back to your spot you find that someone has moved your towel and two people are lying there.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">After school you stop at the corner store to buy some candy As soon as you get outside\u201a you realize that you have not been given the correct change. You go back into the store and tell the cashier\u201a but are not believed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Your parents have just given you a new book. You proudly show it to your sister who immediately wants to borrow it for a day. You don&#039;t want to lend it at this time because you have not had a chance to read it yourself. Your sister\u201a however\u201a insists on borrowing it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You went with your friend to the hospital after school because your friend sprained an ankle In Phys. Ed class. You are late for dinner and your father asks you for an explanation. You tell him the truth. He calls you a liar\u201a and tells you to go to your room without supper.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You and your friend go over to a classmate&#039;s home. You don&#039;t know the classmate that well and her\/his parents are not home. While watching TV the classmate offers you and your friend cigarettes. Your friend accepts and they light up. You don&#039;t want to smoke\u201a but your friend and classmate tease you and laugh.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A close friend of yours is nominated to be captain of the basketball team. Another player\u201a whom you believe would make a better captain\u201a is also nominated. You are to vote by raising your hand. If you do not vote for your friend\u201a you may hurt your friend&#039;s feelings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You have been looking forward to going to your friend&#039;s place after school to listen to a new record\u201a and your mother has given you her permission. You rush home from school\u201a dr\u200eop off your books\u201a and are about to leave when you mother says\u201a &#039;&#039;I&#039;d like you to vacuum the living room. We&#039;re going to have company tonight and I&#039;m very busy.&quot;<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;affirmation de soi pour adolescents (Assertiveness Scale for Adolescents &#8211; ASA) est un outil psychom\u00e9trique situationnel de 33 items mesurant l&rsquo;assertivit\u00e9, la passivit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;agressivit\u00e9 chez les jeunes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[5,3,2],"tags":[45,133,12341,19950,803,16,14860],"class_list":["post-14309","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluation-psychologique","category-psychologie-clinique","category-psychometrie","tag-adolescents","tag-affirmation-de-soi","tag-assertivite","tag-competences-psychosociales","tag-evaluation-comportementale","tag-psychometrie","tag-relations-entre-pairs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14309"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14309\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}