{"id":14222,"date":"2026-10-07T10:32:55","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T10:32:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/echelle-devaluation-familiale-du-cyds\/"},"modified":"2026-10-07T10:32:55","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T10:32:55","slug":"echelle-devaluation-familiale-du-cyds","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=echelle-devaluation-familiale-du-cyds","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation familiale du CYDS"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation familiale du CYDS<\/strong> (<em>CYDS Family Assessment Scale<\/em>) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique composite d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans le cadre de la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre \u00e9tude longitudinale <em>Chicago Youth Development Study<\/em> (CYDS), dirig\u00e9e par les chercheurs <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrick_H._Tolan\">Patrick H. Tolan<\/a> et Deborah Gorman-Smith. Cet outil a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 pour analyser de mani\u00e8re exhaustive la dynamique syst\u00e9mique, les croyances parentales, l&rsquo;organisation fonctionnelle et les sch\u00e9mas interactionnels au sein des familles d&rsquo;enfants et d&rsquo;adolescents expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des contextes urbains \u00e0 haut risque. L&rsquo;instrument int\u00e8gre de mani\u00e8re synergique des items adapt\u00e9s de trois mod\u00e8les majeurs de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation familiale : le <em>Family Assessment Measure<\/em> (FAM), les <em>Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales<\/em> (FACES III ; Olson, Portner, &amp; Lavee, 1985) et la <em>Family Environment Scale<\/em> (FES ; Moos &amp; Moos, 1974).<\/p>\n<p>Compos\u00e9e d&rsquo;un corpus global de 105 items \u00e9valuant les perceptions individuelles et syst\u00e9miques du fonctionnement domestique, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle op\u00e9rationnalise huit sous-\u00e9chelles primaires valid\u00e9es : les Croyances relatives \u00e0 la famille (<em>Beliefs About Family<\/em>), les Croyances relatives au d\u00e9veloppement (<em>Beliefs About Development<\/em>), les Croyances relatives \u00e0 la finalit\u00e9 familiale (<em>Beliefs About Purpose<\/em>), la Coh\u00e9sion (<em>Cohesion<\/em>), les Croyances d\u00e9viantes (<em>Deviant Beliefs<\/em>), le Soutien per\u00e7u (<em>Support<\/em>), l&rsquo;Organisation (<em>Organization<\/em>) et la Communication (<em>Communication<\/em>). Chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9 fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une cotation sur une \u00e9chelle ordinale de type Likert en 4 points (allant de 1 = <em>Strongly Disagree<\/em> \u00e0 4 = <em>Strongly Agree<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, l&rsquo;instrument pr\u00e9sente des indices de consistance interne satisfaisants \u00e0 robustes selon les sous-\u00e9chelles (coefficients alpha de Cronbach oscillant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,68 et 0,86 dans les cohortes normatives et \u00e0 risque de la CYDS). La validit\u00e9 factorielle a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e par des analyses factorielles confirmatoires adapt\u00e9es aux structures multiniveaux, tandis que la validit\u00e9 de construit et la validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive ont mis en \u00e9vidence la capacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;outil \u00e0 discriminer les trajectoires d&rsquo;adaptation prosociale des trajectoires d&rsquo;\u00e9mergence des conduites antisociales, de la d\u00e9linquance juv\u00e9nile et des comportements violents au cours de l&rsquo;adolescence.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c9valuation familiale, Chicago Youth Development Study, fonctionnement familial, coh\u00e9sion familiale, climat familial, d\u00e9linquance juv\u00e9nile, psychopathologie du d\u00e9veloppement, psychom\u00e9trie, soutien familial, croyances parentales, pr\u00e9vention de la violence, \u00e9cologie sociale.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation familiale du CYDS a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue et standardis\u00e9e par les investigateurs principaux de la <em>Chicago Youth Development Study<\/em> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Patrick H. Tolan, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite \u00e0 la Curry School of Education and Human Development et au D\u00e9partement de psychiatrie et des sciences neurocomportementales de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Virginie (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, \u00c9tats-Unis). Ancien directeur du <em>Youth Violence Project<\/em> et chercheur affili\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Institut d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Illinois \u00e0 Chicago. Contact acad\u00e9mique : <em>pht6t@virginia.edu<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Deborah Gorman-Smith, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Doyenne et professeure <em>Emily Klein Gidwitz<\/em> \u00e0 la Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Chicago (University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, \u00c9tats-Unis). Directrice du <em>Chicago Center for Youth Violence Prevention<\/em>. Contact acad\u00e9mique : <em>dgormansmith@uchicago.edu<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9galement b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 des cadres th\u00e9oriques et empiriques pos\u00e9s par David H. Olson (Universit\u00e9 du Minnesota) pour les concepts de coh\u00e9sion et d&rsquo;adaptabilit\u00e9, ainsi que par Rudolf H. Moos et Bernice S. Moos (Universit\u00e9 de Stanford \/ Consulting Psychologists Press) pour la taxonomie du climat social et environnemental de la famille.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation familiale du CYDS est de quantifier avec pr\u00e9cision les dimensions proximales du syst\u00e8me familial qui mod\u00e8rent ou m\u00e9diatisent le risque d&rsquo;engagement dans des comportements antisociaux, violents ou d\u00e9linquants chez les jeunes issus de communaut\u00e9s urbaines d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es. Sur le plan de la recherche \u00e9tiologique, cet instrument r\u00e9pond \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnaliser le fonctionnement familial non pas comme une entit\u00e9 monolithique, mais comme un ensemble articul\u00e9 de croyances normatives, de pratiques de r\u00e9gulation et de liens socio-\u00e9motionnels.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les contextes cliniques et pr\u00e9ventifs, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle permet de :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Identifier les facteurs de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 syst\u00e9mique :<\/strong> rep\u00e9rer les foyers caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s par une faible coh\u00e9sion, une d\u00e9sorganisation des r\u00f4les, une communication disfonctionnelle ou un soutien parental per\u00e7u comme carenc\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuer les croyances normatives et d\u00e9veloppementales des parents et des jeunes :<\/strong> quantifier le degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion aux attentes adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge, l&rsquo;acceptation de la d\u00e9viance ou les attitudes favorables \u00e0 l&rsquo;utilisation de la force physique et de la tromperie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Guider les interventions familiales cibl\u00e9es :<\/strong> servir de base de diagnostic fonctionnel pour des programmes de pr\u00e9vention cibl\u00e9e tels que le programme <em>SAFE Children<\/em> (Southfield Alternative Family Education) ou d&rsquo;autres th\u00e9rapies familiales syst\u00e9miques et cognitivo-comportementales.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mesurer l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 th\u00e9rapeutique longitudinale :<\/strong> \u00e9valuer les changements survenus dans la dynamique conjugale, parentale et filiale \u00e0 la suite d&rsquo;un accompagnement psycho-\u00e9ducatif ou m\u00e9dico-social.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D&rsquo;un point de vue th\u00e9orique, l&rsquo;instrument s&rsquo;inscrit au c\u0153ur des mod\u00e8les de psychopathologie d\u00e9veloppementale. Tolan et Gorman-Smith ont postul\u00e9 que les contraintes socio-\u00e9conomiques et le stress communautaire alt\u00e8rent prioritairement le fonctionnement interne de la famille, qui constitue \u00e0 son tour le vecteur imm\u00e9diat de socialisation de l&rsquo;enfant. En mesurant pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ces processus, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle permet de tester empiriquement les cha\u00eenes causales reliant l&rsquo;adversit\u00e9 contextuelle aux trajectoires d&rsquo;externalisation chez les adolescents.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument op\u00e9rationnalise un construit multidimensionnel hi\u00e9rarchis\u00e9 du fonctionnement familial, articulant les perceptions individuelles des interactions familiales et les croyances normatives partag\u00e9es. Le score global se d\u00e9compose en huit sous-\u00e9chelles valid\u00e9es :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Croyances relatives \u00e0 la famille (Beliefs About Family)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure le niveau d&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion aux valeurs de solidarit\u00e9, de respect interg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnel et d&rsquo;engagement mutuel au sein de la cellule familiale. Elle comprend 10 items (items 61, 63, 65, 67, 68, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78). Des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s (maximum de 40) refl\u00e8tent une perception hautement positive et constructive de la famille comme un refuge solidaire et une institution fondatrice, o\u00f9 la loyaut\u00e9 et la coop\u00e9ration sont valoris\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Croyances relatives au d\u00e9veloppement (Beliefs About Development)<\/h3>\n<p>Compos\u00e9e de 4 items (items 74, 76, 77, 78), cette sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9value le caract\u00e8re r\u00e9aliste et adapt\u00e9 des attentes parentales concernant les responsabilit\u00e9s et l&rsquo;autonomie de l&rsquo;enfant en fonction de son stade de maturation. Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 (maximum de 16) d\u00e9note des croyances appropri\u00e9es quant \u00e0 la participation domestique, l&rsquo;ob\u00e9issance raisonnable et la communication proactive, tandis qu&rsquo;un score bas (minimum de 4) indique des attentes d\u00e9veloppementales inadapt\u00e9es ou rigides.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Croyances relatives \u00e0 la finalit\u00e9 familiale (Beliefs About Purpose)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle (6 items : 61, 63, 65, 67, 68, 72) explore la finalit\u00e9 sociale et morale assign\u00e9e \u00e0 la famille, notamment le devoir des parents de pr\u00e9parer les enfants aux exigences du monde ext\u00e9rieur et l&rsquo;obligation r\u00e9ciproque de respect. Le score s&rsquo;\u00e9tend de 6 \u00e0 24 points.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Coh\u00e9sion (Cohesion)<\/h3>\n<p>Directement inspir\u00e9e des travaux d&rsquo;Olson, cette dimension (5 items : 31, 38, 43, 51, 56) \u00e9value le lien affectif unissant les membres de la famille, l&rsquo;\u00e9coute mutuelle, le plaisir partag\u00e9 lors des activit\u00e9s de loisirs et l&rsquo;entraide spontan\u00e9e dans les moments de stress. Un score maximal de 20 refl\u00e8te une coh\u00e9sion harmonieuse et chaleureuse sans empi\u00e9ter sur l&rsquo;individualit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Croyances d\u00e9viantes (Deviant Beliefs)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle critique (4 items : 89, 90, 93, 94) mesure l&rsquo;aval explicite accord\u00e9 \u00e0 des comportements non conventionnels ou ill\u00e9gaux (mentir pour \u00e9viter les ennuis, voler les personnes ais\u00e9es, s\u00e9cher les cours, recourir \u00e0 la violence physique pour laver un affront). Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 (maximum de 16) repr\u00e9sente un facteur de risque majeur d&rsquo;externalisation et de d\u00e9linquance juv\u00e9nile.<\/p>\n<h3>6. Soutien per\u00e7u (Support)<\/h3>\n<p>Mesur\u00e9 par 6 items \u00e0 cotation invers\u00e9e (items 2, 10, 11, 15, 19, 23), cet indicateur capture l&rsquo;absence de bl\u00e2me, la compr\u00e9hension empathique et la libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00eatre soi-m\u00eame sans subir de pressions excessives ou de rejet. Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 (maximum de 24) indique un r\u00e9seau de soutien affectif intrafamilial robuste et protecteur.<\/p>\n<h3>7. Organisation (Organization)<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c9valu\u00e9e par 6 items invers\u00e9s (items 5, 54, 60, 62, 101, 102), l&rsquo;organisation rend compte de la clart\u00e9 des r\u00f4les parentaux, de la hi\u00e9rarchie g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelle stable, de la r\u00e9partition pr\u00e9visible des t\u00e2ches domestiques et de l&rsquo;absence de somatisation dysfonctionnelle utilis\u00e9e pour se soustraire aux devoirs communs. Le score maximal de 24 refl\u00e8te une structure familiale claire et s\u00e9curisante.<\/p>\n<h3>8. Communication (Communication)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle (3 items : 3, 21, 28) quantifie l&rsquo;alignement perceptif et la fluidit\u00e9 des \u00e9changes interpersonnels, notamment la certitude que la famille comprend ce que l&rsquo;on veut exprimer et le partage de valeurs communes sur la r\u00e9ussite et la morale. Le score varie de 3 \u00e0 12 points.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le fondement \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation familiale du CYDS repose sur l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration de trois paradigmes cardinaux de la psychologie contemporaine :<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des syst\u00e8mes familiaux<\/h3>\n<p>Selon les th\u00e9oriciens syst\u00e9miques tels que Salvador Minuchin et David H. Olson (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Family_systems_theory\">th\u00e9orie des syst\u00e8mes familiaux<\/a>), la famille fonctionne comme une unit\u00e9 organique auto-r\u00e9gul\u00e9e. Le mod\u00e8le circomplexe d&rsquo;Olson postule que le fonctionnement optimal d\u00e9pend de l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre entre deux dimensions bipolaires : la <em>coh\u00e9sion<\/em> (proximit\u00e9 affective vs d\u00e9sengagement ou enchev\u00eatrement) et la <em>flexibilit\u00e9<\/em> (capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;adaptation des r\u00e8gles vs rigidit\u00e9 ou chaos). L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle du CYDS r\u00e9investit ces concepts pour appr\u00e9hender comment la hi\u00e9rarchie et les fronti\u00e8res intrafamiliales soutiennent l&rsquo;individuation de l&rsquo;adolescent.<\/p>\n<h3>Le mod\u00e8le socio-\u00e9cologique du d\u00e9veloppement<\/h3>\n<p>Inspir\u00e9 du mod\u00e8le bio\u00e9cologique d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urie_Bronfenbrenner\">Urie Bronfenbrenner<\/a>, le cadre d&rsquo;investigation de Tolan et Gorman-Smith envisage la famille comme le microsyst\u00e8me primaire de m\u00e9diation entre l&rsquo;exosyst\u00e8me (le quartier, l&rsquo;exposition \u00e0 la violence communautaire, la pauvret\u00e9) et l&rsquo;ontosyst\u00e8me (l&rsquo;ajustement cognitif et comportemental de l&rsquo;adolescent). L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle \u00e9value pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment si les ressources du microsyst\u00e8me familial peuvent neutraliser l&rsquo;impact nocif des stresseurs \u00e9cologiques chroniques.<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie de la socialisation et de l&rsquo;apprentissage social<\/h3>\n<p>En s&rsquo;appuyant sur les travaux d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Bandura\">Albert Bandura<\/a> et de Gerald Patterson sur les cycles coercitifs intrafamiliaux, l&rsquo;instrument accorde une importance centrale aux croyances normatives. Les conduites antisociales ne sont pas simplement le fruit de d\u00e9ficits affectifs, mais d\u00e9coulent d&rsquo;un apprentissage social de normes d\u00e9viantes ou d&rsquo;un affaiblissement des m\u00e9canismes de contr\u00f4le parental direct et indirect.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation familiale du CYDS a \u00e9t\u00e9 abondamment document\u00e9e dans le cadre de la publication des travaux du <em>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/em> (CDC ; Dahlberg, Toal, Swahn, &amp; Behrens, 2005) et de nombreuses \u00e9tudes longitudinales parues dans des revues \u00e0 comit\u00e9 de lecture :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de construit a \u00e9t\u00e9 corrobor\u00e9e en examinant la matrice de corr\u00e9lations entre les huit sous-\u00e9chelles et les \u00e9chelles m\u00e8res dont les items sont issus (FACES III, FES, FAM). Les sous-\u00e9chelles de Coh\u00e9sion et d&rsquo;Organisation pr\u00e9sentent de fortes corr\u00e9lations positives avec les \u00e9chelles de coh\u00e9sion originale du FACES III (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,72\">$r = 0,72$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,001\">$p &lt; 0,001$<\/span>) et d&rsquo;organisation du FES (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,65\">$r = 0,65$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,001\">$p &lt; 0,001$<\/span>). \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion aux croyances d\u00e9viantes est corr\u00e9l\u00e9e n\u00e9gativement avec la coh\u00e9sion (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = -0,41\">$r = -0,41$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,01\">$p &lt; 0,01$<\/span>) et positivement avec les \u00e9chelles de conflit intrafamilial du FES.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument d\u00e9montre une excellente validit\u00e9 convergente lorsqu&rsquo;il est mis en relation avec les observations directes film\u00e9es des interactions familiales cod\u00e9es selon le syst\u00e8me <em>Family Interaction Coding System<\/em>. Les familles obtenant des scores faibles en Soutien et en Communication manifestent un taux significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de comportements aversifs et de reproches mutuels en laboratoire (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,54\">$r = 0,54$<\/span>). Sur le versant discriminant, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle diff\u00e9rencie avec nettet\u00e9 les fratries sans ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents judiciaires des fratries comportant un adolescent plac\u00e9 sous contr\u00f4le judiciaire, m\u00eame apr\u00e8s contr\u00f4le strict du statut socio-\u00e9conomique et du niveau de dipl\u00f4me des parents.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive longitudinale<\/h3>\n<p>Dans les analyses de survie et les mod\u00e8les de r\u00e9gression logistique longitudinale men\u00e9s sur plus d&rsquo;une d\u00e9cennie par Tolan, Gorman-Smith et Henry, des scores initiaux d\u00e9ficitaires en Coh\u00e9sion et en Organisation, combin\u00e9s \u00e0 des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s en Croyances d\u00e9viantes, pr\u00e9disent significativement les arrestations de police pour infractions avec violence \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 17-19 ans (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"OR = 2,34\">$OR = 2,34$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"IC_{95%} [1,58 ; 3,46]\">$IC_{95%} [1,58 ; 3,46]$<\/span>). De plus, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle montre une sensibilit\u00e9 au changement remarquable lors des essais randomis\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9s \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;intervention <em>SAFE Children<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument ont fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations rigoureuses aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons diversifi\u00e9s de jeunes Afro-Am\u00e9ricains et Hispaniques de Chicago :<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne (Alpha de Cronbach)<\/h3>\n<p>Les coefficients de coh\u00e9rence interne pour les diff\u00e9rentes sous-\u00e9chelles se situent dans des plages psychom\u00e9triquement acceptables \u00e0 excellentes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Beliefs About Family :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,82\">$\\alpha = 0,82$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,86$<\/li>\n<li><strong>Beliefs About Development :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,71\">$\\alpha = 0,71$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,76$<\/li>\n<li><strong>Beliefs About Purpose :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,74\">$\\alpha = 0,74$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,79$<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cohesion :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,75\">$\\alpha = 0,75$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,81$<\/li>\n<li><strong>Deviant Beliefs :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,73\">$\\alpha = 0,73$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,78$<\/li>\n<li><strong>Support :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,78\">$\\alpha = 0,78$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,83$<\/li>\n<li><strong>Organization :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,69\">$\\alpha = 0,69$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,75$<\/li>\n<li><strong>Communication :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,68\">$\\alpha = 0,68$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,73$<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bien que les \u00e9chelles courtes (telles que la Communication, 3 items) pr\u00e9sentent des alphas l\u00e9g\u00e8rement inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 0,75 en raison de la concision du nombre d&rsquo;items, les corr\u00e9lations inter-items moyennes demeurent optimales (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r_{inter-items} in [0,38 ; 0,49]\">$r_{inter-items} in [0,38 ; 0,49]$<\/span>), attestant d&rsquo;une grande homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 conceptuelle.<\/p>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans les sous-\u00e9chantillons \u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 6 mois d&rsquo;intervalle en l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;intervention th\u00e9rapeutique, les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation test-retest oscillent entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,64\">$r = 0,64$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,78\">$r = 0,78$<\/span>, ce qui d\u00e9montre \u00e0 la fois une stabilit\u00e9 relative des traits structuraux de la famille et la plasticit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour capter les fluctuations contextuelles.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture multidimensionnelle de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation familiale du CYDS a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie au moyen d&rsquo;analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) par factorisation en axes principaux avec rotation oblique (Promax), suivies d&rsquo;analyses factorielles confirmatoires (AFC) multigroupes :<\/p>\n<h3>Mod\u00e8le factoriel exploratoire<\/h3>\n<p>Les analyses factorielles exploratoires conduites sur les cohortes initiales de la CYDS ont permis d&rsquo;extraire des facteurs latents distincts expliquant plus de 54 % de la variance totale des scores. Les saturations factorielles des items retenus dans les huit dimensions finales sont toutes sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 0,40, avec des doubles saturations r\u00e9siduelles minimes (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"&lt; 0,25\">$&lt; 0,25$<\/span>).<\/p>\n<h3>Mod\u00e9lisation structurale confirmatoire (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation du mod\u00e8le confirmatoire \u00e0 8 facteurs a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide des indices conventionnels d&rsquo;ajustement global :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chi-deux norm\u00e9 :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\chi^2\/dl = 1,84\">$\\chi^2\/dl = 1,84$<\/span> (indiquant un ajustement robuste)<\/li>\n<li><strong>CFI (Comparative Fit Index) :<\/strong> $0,92$<\/li>\n<li><strong>TLI (Tucker-Lewis Index) :<\/strong> $0,91$<\/li>\n<li><strong>RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) :<\/strong> $0,046$ (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"IC_{90%} [0,041 ; 0,051]\">$IC_{90%} [0,041 ; 0,051]$<\/span>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) :<\/strong> $0,052$<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo;invariance de mesure a \u00e9t\u00e9 formellement test\u00e9e \u00e0 travers les groupes ethniques (jeunes afro-am\u00e9ricains vs hispaniques) et les configurations de genre. L&rsquo;invariance m\u00e9trique et scalaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 corrobor\u00e9e, confirmant que les items mesurent les construits latents avec une m\u00e9trique \u00e9quivalente au sein de ces diff\u00e9rentes sous-populations.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation \/ h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-\u00e9valuation destin\u00e9 aux adolescents et aux parents.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format :<\/strong> Formulaire papier-crayon ou administration num\u00e9rique informatis\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 105 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s au total, organis\u00e9s en 8 sous-\u00e9chelles de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour le d\u00e9pouillement standardis\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert \u00e0 4 points :\n<ul>\n<li>1 = <em>Strongly Disagree<\/em> (Fortement en d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li>2 = <em>Disagree<\/em> (En d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li>3 = <em>Agree<\/em> (D&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li>4 = <em>Strongly Agree<\/em> (Fortement d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcul des scores par sous-\u00e9chelle :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Beliefs About Family :<\/strong> Items 61, 63, 65, 67, 68, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78 (Score : 10 \u00e0 40).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Beliefs About Development :<\/strong> Items 74, 76, 77, 78 (Score : 4 \u00e0 16).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Beliefs About Purpose :<\/strong> Items 61, 63, 65, 67, 68, 72 (Score : 6 \u00e0 24).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cohesion :<\/strong> Items 31, 38, 43, 51, 56 (Score : 5 \u00e0 20).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Deviant Beliefs :<\/strong> Items 89, 90, 93, 94 (Score : 4 \u00e0 16).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Support :<\/strong> Items 2, 10, 11, 15, 19, 23 (Items invers\u00e9s : 1=4, 2=3, 3=2, 4=1 ; Score : 6 \u00e0 24).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Organization :<\/strong> Items 5, 54, 60, 62, 101, 102 (Items invers\u00e9s ; Score : 6 \u00e0 24).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Communication :<\/strong> Items 3, 21, 28 (Score : 3 \u00e0 12).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9veloppement initial :<\/strong> 1991 (Universit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Illinois \u00e0 Chicago), int\u00e9gr\u00e9e et r\u00e9pertori\u00e9e dans le recueil officiel du CDC en 2005.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle des auteurs (Tolan &amp; Gorman-Smith). L&rsquo;instrument est reproduit dans le domaine public acad\u00e9mique au sein du document du CDC : <em>Measuring Violence-Related Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors among Youths: A Compendium of Assessment Tools<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Libre de droits (gratuit) pour les projets de recherche universitaire, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de programmes publics et les contextes cliniques \u00e0 but non lucratif.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Citation formelle obligatoire des concepteurs originaux et des \u00e9tudes sources. Toute adaptation ou commercialisation n\u00e9cessite l&rsquo;accord explicite pr\u00e9alable des d\u00e9tenteurs des droits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les sources scientifiques et psychom\u00e9triques fondamentales associ\u00e9es \u00e0 cet instrument sont les suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dahlberg, L. L., Toal, S. B., Swahn, M., &amp; Behrens, C. B. (2005). <em>Measuring Violence-Related Attitudes, Beliefs and Behaviors among Youths: A Compendium of Assessment Tools<\/em> (2nd ed., pp. 253\u2013259). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/violence-youth-attitudes-a.pdf\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/violence-youth-attitudes-a.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Gorman-Smith, D., Tolan, P. H., Zelli, A., &amp; Huesmann, L. R. (1996). The relation of family functioning to violence among inner-city minority youths. <em>Journal of Family Psychology<\/em>, 10(2), 115\u2013129. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0893-3200.10.2.115\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0893-3200.10.2.115<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Moos, R. H., &amp; Moos, B. S. (1974). <em>Family Environment Scale preliminary manual<\/em>. Consulting Psychologists Press.<\/li>\n<li>Olson, D. H., Portner, J., &amp; Lavee, Y. (1985). <em>FACES III: Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales<\/em>. Family Social Science, University of Minnesota.<\/li>\n<li>Tolan, P. H., &amp; Gorman-Smith, D. (1991). <em>The Chicago Stress and Coping Interview<\/em>. University of Illinois at Chicago.<\/li>\n<li>Tolan, P. H., Gorman-Smith, D., &amp; Henry, D. B. (2003). The developmental ecology of urban male youth violence: A test of a multi-level risk model. <em>Criminology<\/em>, 41(2), 415\u2013444. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2003.tb00994.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2003.tb00994.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Tolan, P. H., Gorman-Smith, D., &amp; Henry, D. B. (2004). Supporting families in a high-risk setting: Proximal effects of the SAFE Children preventive intervention. <em>Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 72(5), 855\u2013869. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.72.5.855\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.72.5.855<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My family and I usually see our problems the same way.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My family expects too much of me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My family knows what I mean when I say something.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I\u2019m upset\u201a my family knows what\u2019s bothering me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My family doesn\u2019t care about me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When someone in the family makes a mistake\u201a I don\u2019t makea big deal of it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I argue a lot with my family about the importance of religion.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When my family has a problem\u201a I have to solve it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I do my share of duties in the family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often don\u2019t understand what other family members are saying.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If someone in the family has upset me\u201a I keep it to myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I stay out of other family members\u2019 business.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get angry when others in the family don\u2019t do what I want.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think education is much more important than my family does.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have trouble accepting someone else\u2019s answer to a family problem.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What I expect of the rest of the family is fair.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I\u2019m upset with another family member\u201a I will let someone else tell them about it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I\u2019m upset\u201a I get over it quickly.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My family doesn\u2019t let me be myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My family knows what to expect from me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My family and I have the same views about what is right and wrong.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I keep on trying when things don\u2019t work out in the family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am tired of being blamed for family problems.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Often I don\u2019t say what I would like to because I can\u2019t find the words.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to let others in the family know how I really feel.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I really care about my family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I\u2019m not as responsible as I should be in the family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My family and I have the same views about being successful.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When problems come up in my family\u201a I let other people solve them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My family complains that I always try to be the center of attention.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I\u2019m available when others want to talk to me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I take it out on my family when I\u2019m upset.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I know I can count on the rest of my family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don\u2019t need to be reminded what I have to do in the family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I argue with my family about how to spend my spare time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My family can depend on me in a crisis.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I never argue about who should do what in our family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I listen to what other family members have to say\u201a even when I disagree.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I\u2019m with my family\u201a I get too upset too easily.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I worry too much about the rest of my family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I always get my way in our family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My family leaves it to me to decide what\u2019s right and wrong.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family members ask each other for help.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In solving problems\u201a children\u2019s suggestions are followed.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We approve of each other\u2019s friends.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Children have a say in their discipline.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We like to do things with just our immediate family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Different persons act as leaders in my family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family members feel closer to other family members than to people outside our family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Our family changes its way of handling tasks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family members like to spend free time with each other.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parent(s) and children discuss punishment together.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family members feel very close to each other.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The children make the decisions in our family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When our family gets together for activities\u201a everybody is present.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Rules change in our family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We can easily think of things to do together as a family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We shift household responsibilities from person to person.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family members consult other family members on their decisions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is hard to identify the leader(s) in our family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family togetherness is very important.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is hard to tell who does which household chores.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Kids should value a close relationship with their family and should not have to be asked to spend time at home.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family members should not bother other family members with their problems.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">No matter what\u201a family members should stick together.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family members should stay out of other family member\u2019s business.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family members should be able to \u201cspeak their minds\u201d with one another.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parents should teach their children what they need to know to \u201cmake it\u201d in the world.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parents owe it to their kids to give them the best.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Aperson\u2019s number one concern should be the needs of his\/her family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is terrible for kids to talk back to their parents.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Children should always talk to their parents with respect.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">73<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When parents and kids disagree\u201a parents should be willing to meet their kids halfway.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">74<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Kids should obey their parents even when they don\u2019t agree.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">75<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It\u2019s healthy for children to disobey their parents now and then.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">76<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parents should expect kids my child\u2019s age to do some work around the house.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">77<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Kids my child\u2019s age should call home if they think they might be late.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">78<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Kids my child\u2019s age should clean up for themselves withoutha\u200eving to be told.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">79<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family members attend church\u201a synagogue\u201a or Sunday school fairly often.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">80<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We don\u2019t say prayers in our family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">81<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We often talk about the religious meaning of Christmas\u201a Passover\u201a or other holidays.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">82<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The Bible is a very important book in our home.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">83<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">For a kid my child\u2019s age\u201a parents should have some say in choosing his\/her friends.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">84<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Kids my child\u2019s age should be free to spend their money on whatever they want.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">85<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It\u2019s very unfair for parents to make a kid my child\u2019s age come home earlier than his\/her friends.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">86<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parents should let kids my child\u2019s age decide for themselves how and where to spend their free time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">87<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">For kids my child\u2019s age\u201a parents should decide whether it\u2019s O.K. to go out on dates.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">88<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Kids my child\u2019s age should not dress in a way their parents don\u2019t like.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">89<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It\u2019s O.K. to lie to someone if it will keep you out of trouble.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">90<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It\u2019s O.K. to steal something from someone who is rich and can easily replace it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">91<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most successful people probably cheated to get where they are.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">92<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When you feel someone is out to get you\u201a it\u2019s better to get them first.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">93<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It\u2019s O.K. to skip school every once in a while.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">94<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It\u2019s O.K. to fight if the other guy says bad enough things about you or your family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">95<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get headaches or other aches and pains after a fight in the family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">96<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I use illness as a way to get out of doing something.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">97<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I worry a lot about my family\u2019s health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">98<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When my child has minor health problems\u201a I think I need a doctor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">99<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My child stays home from school when I (or my spouse)am not feeling well.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">100<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often complain about my nerves.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">101<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I sometimes get headaches or other aches and pains after I fight with my family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">102<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I sometimes use feeling sick to get out of doing something.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">103<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I worry a lot about health problems.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">104<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Kids who stay out late with their friends are likely to get in serious trouble and make mistakes which could ruin their lives.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">105<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A kid who doesn\u2019t learn to act right at home will grow up to be lazy and irresponsible.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation familiale du CYDS (Tolan &amp; Gorman-Smith) mesure le fonctionnement familial, la coh\u00e9sion, l&rsquo;organisation et les croyances normatives dans les contextes \u00e0 risque.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[15610,3,2],"tags":[18959,17778,10061,12294,21926,16963,21193,21958,17941],"class_list":["post-14222","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-familiales","category-psychologie-clinique","category-psychometrie","tag-cohesion","tag-cyds","tag-delinquance-juvenile","tag-evaluation-systemique","tag-faces-iii","tag-fes","tag-fonctionnement-familial","tag-gorman-smith","tag-tolan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14222"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14222\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}