{"id":14149,"date":"2026-10-07T09:02:18","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T09:02:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/family-inventory-of-life-events-and-changes-file\/"},"modified":"2026-10-07T09:02:18","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T09:02:18","slug":"family-inventory-of-life-events-and-changes-file","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=family-inventory-of-life-events-and-changes-file","title":{"rendered":"Inventaire des \u00e9v\u00e9nements de vie et des changements familiaux (FILE)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019<strong>Inventaire des \u00e9v\u00e9nements de vie et des changements familiaux<\/strong> (<em>Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes<\/em>, ou <strong>FILE<\/strong>), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par les chercheurs <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamilton_McCubbin\">Hamilton I. McCubbin<\/a> et Joan M. Patterson \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin-Madison au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1980, constitue l&rsquo;un des instruments psychom\u00e9triques les plus influents dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stress_(psychologie)\">stress familial<\/a> et de la r\u00e9silience syst\u00e9mique. Con\u00e7u pour op\u00e9rationnaliser le concept d&rsquo;\u00ab accumulation de stresseurs \u00bb (<em>pile-up<\/em> de facteurs de stress et de transitions normatives ou non normatives) au sein du mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique du <strong>Double ABCX<\/strong>, le FILE \u00e9value l&rsquo;ampleur des tensions v\u00e9cues par le syst\u00e8me familial \u00e0 travers <strong>71 items<\/strong> autorapport\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Ces 71 items sont r\u00e9partis en <strong>neuf sous-\u00e9chelles factorielles<\/strong> distinctes : (1) Tensions intrafamiliales (<em>Intra-Family Strains<\/em>, 17 items), (2) Tensions conjugales (<em>Marital Strains<\/em>, 4 items), (3) Tensions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la grossesse et \u00e0 la procr\u00e9ation (<em>Pregnancy and Childbearing Strains<\/em>, 4 items), (4) Tensions financi\u00e8res et professionnelles\/commerciales (<em>Finance and Business Strains<\/em>, 12 items), (5) Transitions et tensions travail-famille (<em>Work-Family Transitions and Strains<\/em>, 10 items), (6) Maladie et soins familiaux (<em>Illness and Family Care Strains<\/em>, 8 items), (7) Pertes et deuils (<em>Losses<\/em>, 6 items), (8) Transitions d&rsquo;entr\u00e9e et de sortie (<em>Transitions In and Out<\/em>, 5 items), et (9) Infractions l\u00e9gales familiales (<em>Family Legal Violations<\/em>, 5 items).<\/p>\n<p>Le format de passation est dichotomique et temporellement stratifi\u00e9 : pour chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9, le r\u00e9pondant indique si l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement s&rsquo;est produit au cours des <strong>12 derniers mois<\/strong> (Oui \/ Non) et s&rsquo;il s&rsquo;est produit <strong>avant les 12 derniers mois<\/strong> (Oui \/ Non). Cette double temporalit\u00e9 permet de capturer \u00e0 la fois le stress r\u00e9siduel chronique et les perturbations aigu\u00ebs r\u00e9centes. Les qualit\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques du FILE sont solidement document\u00e9es, affichant une coh\u00e9rence interne globale \u00e9lev\u00e9e (alpha de Cronbach de .72 \u00e0 .81 selon les \u00e9chantillons normatifs), une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest rigoureuse sur un intervalle de quatre \u00e0 cinq semaines (.80 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle globale), ainsi qu&rsquo;une excellente validit\u00e9 de construit et pr\u00e9dictive, notamment d\u00e9montr\u00e9e dans des cohortes p\u00e9diatriques chroniques (fibrose kystique, diab\u00e8te de type 1, my\u00e9lom\u00e9ningoc\u00e8le) et lors de transitions socioculturelles majeures.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c9valuation familiale, stress familial, accumulation de stresseurs, mod\u00e8le Double ABCX, adaptation familiale, \u00e9v\u00e9nements de vie, r\u00e9silience familiale, psychom\u00e9trie syst\u00e9mique, transitions familiales, FILE.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;inventaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et valid\u00e9 par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs pionniers dans la th\u00e9orie du stress et de la r\u00e9silience syst\u00e9mique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hamilton I. McCubbin, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite en \u00e9cologie humaine et d\u00e9veloppement familial \u00e0 l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wisc.edu\/\">Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin-Madison<\/a> (\u00c9tats-Unis). Auteur prolifique et th\u00e9oricien central de l&rsquo;adaptation familiale aux crises.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Joan M. Patterson, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeure et directrice de recherche au <em>Center for Children with Special Health Care Needs<\/em> \u00e0 l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/twin-cities.umn.edu\/\">Universit\u00e9 du Minnesota<\/a> (Minneapolis, \u00c9tats-Unis). Sp\u00e9cialiste reconnue de l&rsquo;impact des maladies chroniques p\u00e9diatriques sur les dynamiques familiales.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Collaborateurs affili\u00e9s<\/strong> : A. Elizabeth Cauble, Lance R. Wilson, Constance B. Joy et Joan K. Comeau (Family Stress, Coping and Health Project, Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin-Madison).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du FILE est de fournir une quantification standardis\u00e9e, multidimensionnelle et \u00e9cologique de la <strong>charge cumulative d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements de vie et de tensions chroniques<\/strong> subie par l&rsquo;unit\u00e9 familiale. Contrairement aux \u00e9chelles individuelles classiques de stress per\u00e7u ou de r\u00e9ajustement social (telles que la <em>Social Readjustment Rating Scale<\/em> de Holmes et Rahe, 1967), le FILE conceptualise la <strong>famille comme une entit\u00e9 syst\u00e9mique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e<\/strong> o\u00f9 un \u00e9v\u00e9nement touchant un seul sous-syst\u00e8me (individuel, conjugal, parental, professionnel) engendre des r\u00e9percussions hom\u00e9ostatiques sur l&rsquo;ensemble du r\u00e9seau relationnel.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan th\u00e9orique et \u00e9tiologique, l&rsquo;instrument vise \u00e0 mesurer la notion de <em>pile-up<\/em> (accumulation de stresseurs, d\u00e9sign\u00e9e par le facteur <strong>aA<\/strong> dans le mod\u00e8le Double ABCX). La recherche en psychologie clinique et en th\u00e9rapie syst\u00e9mique d\u00e9montre qu&rsquo;une famille n&rsquo;entre que rarement en crise sous l&rsquo;effet d&rsquo;un stresseur unique isol\u00e9 ; c&rsquo;est la juxtaposition d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements normatifs d\u00e9veloppementaux (d\u00e9part d&rsquo;un adolescent pour l&rsquo;universit\u00e9, naissance), de stresseurs non normatifs impr\u00e9vus (licenciement, accident, maladie grave) et de tensions structurelles chroniques sous-jacentes (difficult\u00e9s financi\u00e8res, conflits avec la belle-famille) qui \u00e9puise les ressources adaptatives du syst\u00e8me et pr\u00e9cipite un \u00e9tat de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 ou de dysfonctionnement.<\/p>\n<p>En pratique clinique, le FILE est largement exploit\u00e9 pour :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Identifier les familles \u00e0 haut risque psychosocial lors de consultations en p\u00e9diatrie, en sant\u00e9 mentale ou en oncologie, notamment lorsque les soignants constatent une baisse de l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion th\u00e9rapeutique ou une augmentation des sympt\u00f4mes internalis\u00e9s\/externalis\u00e9s chez un enfant.<\/li>\n<li>Poser un diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel entre une crise situationnelle aigu\u00eb et une surcharge allostatique familiale chronique avant d&rsquo;entamer une th\u00e9rapie syst\u00e9mique br\u00e8ve ou un programme de psycho\u00e9ducation.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c9tablir une base d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation comparative (pr\u00e9- et post-intervention) mesurant la r\u00e9duction des tensions ou la capacit\u00e9 accrue du syst\u00e8me familial \u00e0 neutraliser de nouvelles perturbations externes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En recherche, le FILE constitue l&rsquo;outil de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour explorer les m\u00e9canismes de m\u00e9diation et de mod\u00e9ration liant les stresseurs cumulatifs \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 physique des membres, \u00e0 la satisfaction conjugale, \u00e0 l&rsquo;observance th\u00e9rapeutique dans les maladies chroniques et aux trajectoires de r\u00e9silience face aux catastrophes environnementales ou \u00e9conomiques.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit psychologique op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9 par le FILE est le <strong>stress cumulatif familial<\/strong> (<em>family stressor pile-up<\/em>). Ce macro-construit se structure autour de neuf dimensions distinctes, refl\u00e9tant l&rsquo;h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des domaines de vie au sein desquels s&rsquo;exercent les pressions d&rsquo;adaptation :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Tensions intrafamiliales (Intra-Family Strains \u2013 17 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence ou l&rsquo;intensification des dysfonctionnements relationnels internes au foyer. Elle capte l&rsquo;\u00e9loignement physique ou \u00e9motionnel des figures parentales, la pr\u00e9sence de troubles psychologiques ou de d\u00e9pendances aux substances chez un membre, l&rsquo;escalade des conflits interg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnels (parents-enfants) et fraternels, les difficult\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 parentale selon les tranches d&rsquo;\u00e2ge (nourrissons, tout-petits, enfants d&rsquo;\u00e2ge scolaire, adolescents), ainsi que l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 syst\u00e9mique \u00e0 clore les diff\u00e9rends ou \u00e0 assumer les t\u00e2ches domestiques courantes.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Tensions conjugales (Marital Strains \u2013 4 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Centr\u00e9e sp\u00e9cifiquement sur le dyade conjugale ou parentale, cette sous-\u00e9chelle mesure les ruptures de confiance et les fractures relationnelles majeures, incluant la s\u00e9paration, le divorce, l&rsquo;infid\u00e9lit\u00e9 (liaison extraconjugale), les diff\u00e9rends non r\u00e9solus avec un ex-conjoint dans les configurations recompos\u00e9es, ainsi que les difficult\u00e9s au niveau de l&rsquo;intimit\u00e9 sexuelle.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Tensions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la grossesse et \u00e0 la procr\u00e9ation (Pregnancy and Childbearing Strains \u2013 4 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce domaine cible les transitions p\u00e9rinatales complexes susceptibles de bouleverser les \u00e9quilibres \u00e9tablis. Les items recouvrent les grossesses non d\u00e9sir\u00e9es ou m\u00e9dicalement compliqu\u00e9es, les grossesses hors union chez un membre, le recours \u00e0 l&rsquo;avortement et l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e (naissance ou adoption) d&rsquo;un nouvel enfant, \u00e9v\u00e9nement qui impose une r\u00e9organisation logistique et affective majeure.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Tensions financi\u00e8res et commerciales (Finance and Business Strains \u2013 12 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension appr\u00e9hende la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 et les perturbations \u00e9conomiques pesant sur le budget familial : endettement excessif li\u00e9 aux cartes de cr\u00e9dit, refinancement d&#8217;emprunts, recours \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide sociale, pertes subies par l&rsquo;entreprise familiale en raison de fluctuations macro\u00e9conomiques ou m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, retards de pensions alimentaires, et pressions accrues pour assumer les co\u00fbts m\u00e9dicaux, \u00e9ducatifs ou de subsistance vitale (logement, \u00e9nergie, alimentation).<\/p>\n<h3>5. Transitions et tensions travail-famille (Work-Family Transitions and Strains \u2013 10 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Elle \u00e9value l&rsquo;interf\u00e9rence bidirectionnelle entre la sph\u00e8re professionnelle et la vie familiale : r\u00e9orientations de carri\u00e8re, licenciements, d\u00e9missions, d\u00e9part \u00e0 la retraite, interruptions prolong\u00e9es du travail (gr\u00e8ves, cong\u00e9s de maladie), baisse de satisfaction professionnelle, conflits avec les coll\u00e8gues, mais aussi promotions professionnelles exigeant un investissement accru, d\u00e9m\u00e9nagements du domicile et changements d&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement scolaire pour les enfants.<\/p>\n<h3>6. Maladie et soins familiaux (Illness and Family Care Strains \u2013 8 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce volet mesure le fardeau de soins (<em>caregiver burden<\/em>) associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;apparition ou \u00e0 l&rsquo;aggravation de maladies graves, de blessures invalidantes ou de handicaps chez les parents, les enfants ou les proches. Il explore la charge \u00e9motionnelle et logistique li\u00e9e \u00e0 la gestion d&rsquo;une maladie chronique, au placement en institution sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e, \u00e0 la prise en charge financi\u00e8re des ascendants et \u00e0 la complexit\u00e9 d&rsquo;organiser une garde d&rsquo;enfants satisfaisante.<\/p>\n<h3>7. Pertes et deuils (Losses \u2013 6 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette \u00e9chelle documente les \u00e9v\u00e9nements irr\u00e9versibles de deuil frappant le cercle nucl\u00e9aire ou \u00e9largi (d\u00e9c\u00e8s d&rsquo;un parent, d&rsquo;un enfant, d&rsquo;un grand-parent ou d&rsquo;un ami intime), ainsi que les s\u00e9parations relationnelles significatives, telles que le divorce d&rsquo;un enfant adulte ou la rupture violente d&rsquo;une amiti\u00e9 de longue date.<\/p>\n<h3>8. Transitions d&rsquo;entr\u00e9e et de sortie (Transitions In and Out \u2013 5 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante examine les modifications de la structure et des fronti\u00e8res physiques du m\u00e9nage, correspondant aux phases critiques du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cycle_de_vie_(sociologie)\">cycle de vie familial<\/a> : mariage d&rsquo;un membre, d\u00e9part du foyer d&rsquo;un jeune adulte (entr\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 ou dans la vie active), retour inattendu d&rsquo;un membre au domicile ou reprise d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures par un parent apr\u00e8s une longue interruption.<\/p>\n<h3>9. Infractions l\u00e9gales familiales (Family Legal Violations \u2013 5 items)<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e9di\u00e9e aux comportements d\u00e9viants et aux ruptures normatives graves, cette dimension enregistre les arrestations polici\u00e8res, les incarc\u00e9rations ou d\u00e9tentions juv\u00e9niles, les violences physiques ou sexuelles intrafamiliales, les fugues d&rsquo;adolescents et les d\u00e9crochages ou exclusions scolaires.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le FILE est indissociable du cadre conceptuel du <strong>mod\u00e8le Double ABCX de l&rsquo;adaptation familiale<\/strong> (<em>Double ABCX Model<\/em>), formul\u00e9 par Hamilton I. McCubbin et Joan M. Patterson en 1982 et 1983, qui constitue une expansion majeure du mod\u00e8le classique ABCX con\u00e7u initialement par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reuben_Hill\">Reuben Hill<\/a> (1949) \u00e0 la suite de ses travaux sur les crises li\u00e9es aux s\u00e9parations et retrouvailles durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le mod\u00e8le classique d&rsquo;Hill, une crise familiale (facteur <strong>X<\/strong>) d\u00e9coule de l&rsquo;interaction entre un \u00e9v\u00e9nement stresseur unique (facteur <strong>A<\/strong>), les ressources d&rsquo;adaptation du syst\u00e8me (facteur <strong>B<\/strong>) et la d\u00e9finition ou signification cognitive que la famille attribue \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement (facteur <strong>C<\/strong>). Bien que fondamental, ce mod\u00e8le \u00e9tait critiqu\u00e9 pour son caract\u00e8re statique et son incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 mod\u00e9liser la dynamique longitudinale de r\u00e9organisation post-crise.<\/p>\n<p>Pour d\u00e9passer ces limites, McCubbin et Patterson ont introduit le mod\u00e8le <em>Double ABCX<\/em>, structur\u00e9 en deux phases successives :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>La phase d&rsquo;ajustement (Adjustment Phase)<\/strong> : face \u00e0 un stresseur aigu imm\u00e9diat, le syst\u00e8me familial tente de maintenir son \u00e9quilibre hom\u00e9ostatique en utilisant ses modes de fonctionnement pr\u00e9existants.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La phase d&rsquo;adaptation (Adaptation Phase)<\/strong> : lorsque le stresseur d\u00e9passe les capacit\u00e9s r\u00e9gulatrices initiales, le syst\u00e8me entre en crise (d\u00e9sorganisation) et doit s&rsquo;engager dans un processus adaptatif complexe pour atteindre une nouvelle hom\u00e9ostasie (bonadaptation) ou s&rsquo;enfoncer dans le dysfonctionnement (maladaptation).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Au c\u0153ur de cette phase d&rsquo;adaptation se trouve le facteur <strong>aA (accumulation de stresseurs ou <em>pile-up<\/em>)<\/strong>. McCubbin et Patterson ont postul\u00e9 que les familles ne r\u00e9agissent presque jamais \u00e0 un stresseur isol\u00e9 dans un vide exp\u00e9rientiel. Le facteur aA comprend cinq types de charges intriqu\u00e9es :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Le stresseur initial d\u00e9clencheur et ses s\u00e9quelles directes.<\/li>\n<li>Les transitions normatives de d\u00e9veloppement v\u00e9cues simultan\u00e9ment par les membres du syst\u00e8me.<\/li>\n<li>Les tensions chroniques pr\u00e9existantes (difficult\u00e9s financi\u00e8res r\u00e9currentes, maladies chroniques).<\/li>\n<li>Les efforts d&rsquo;adaptation eux-m\u00eames, qui peuvent engendrer de nouvelles tensions (par exemple, un parent qui prend un second emploi pour payer des soins m\u00e9dicaux, r\u00e9duisant ainsi sa disponibilit\u00e9 affective).<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 des r\u00f4les et l&rsquo;incertitude quant \u00e0 l&rsquo;avenir du syst\u00e8me.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Le FILE a \u00e9t\u00e9 express\u00e9ment con\u00e7u pour op\u00e9rationnaliser ce facteur <strong>aA<\/strong> avec une validit\u00e9 empirique rigoureuse. Plus tard, ce paradigme a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9largi dans le <em>Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation<\/em> (McCubbin &amp; McCubbin, 1987, 1996), d\u00e9montrant que lorsque le score total du FILE d\u00e9passe un seuil critique de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9, il neutralise l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des ressources d&rsquo;adaptation (facteur bB) et distord les perceptions de coh\u00e9rence familiale (facteur cC), entra\u00eenant un risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 d&rsquo;effondrement relationnel ou somatique.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de validit\u00e9 du FILE a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;un vaste programme d&rsquo;investigations empiriques men\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s de cohortes repr\u00e9sentatives de la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et de populations cliniques sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et de construit<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de contenu a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie par une d\u00e9marche it\u00e9rative combinant revue exhaustive de la litt\u00e9rature sur le stress familial, entretiens qualitatifs avec des familles confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des transitions critiques et soumission d&rsquo;une banque initiale d&rsquo;items \u00e0 un panel d&rsquo;experts en th\u00e9rapie conjugale et familiale. Les items retenus ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 une capacit\u00e9 univoque \u00e0 refl\u00e9ter des perturbations \u00e9cologiques concr\u00e8tes affectant la vie quotidienne du groupe domestique.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et divergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations statistiquement significatives avec plusieurs instruments valid\u00e9s mesurant le fonctionnement familial et la d\u00e9tresse psychologique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Corr\u00e9lations positives significatives (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement comprises entre <em>r<\/em> = .35 et <em>r<\/em> = .52, <em>p<\/em> &lt; .001) avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de d\u00e9tresse psychologique du SCL-90 et les indices d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale chez les parents soignants.<\/li>\n<li>Corr\u00e9lations n\u00e9gatives robustes avec les dimensions de coh\u00e9sion et d&rsquo;adaptabilit\u00e9 du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FACES_III\">FACES (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales)<\/a> d&rsquo;Olson, d\u00e9montrant qu&rsquo;une accumulation \u00e9lev\u00e9e d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements stresseurs fragilise l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration \u00e9motionnelle et la souplesse organisationnelle du syst\u00e8me familial.<\/li>\n<li>Corr\u00e9lations n\u00e9gatives avec les \u00e9chelles de satisfaction conjugale (par exemple la <em>Dyadic Adjustment Scale<\/em>), les sous-\u00e9chelles de tensions intrafamiliales et de tensions conjugales du FILE \u00e9tant les plus fortement associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration du lien dyadique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive et crit\u00e9ri\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 brillamment illustr\u00e9e dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude longitudinale princeps de Patterson et McCubbin (1983) portant sur des familles ayant un enfant atteint de fibrose kystique (mucoviscidose). Les analyses de r\u00e9gression multiple ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une accumulation \u00e9lev\u00e9e de stresseurs mesur\u00e9e par le FILE au cours des 12 derniers mois pr\u00e9disait de mani\u00e8re significative et ind\u00e9pendante un d\u00e9clin de la fonction pulmonaire des enfants (mesur\u00e9e par le volume expiratoire maximal par seconde &#8211; VEMS) et un taux plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 d&rsquo;hospitalisations impr\u00e9vues, m\u00eame apr\u00e8s contr\u00f4le de la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 initiale de la pathologie. Des r\u00e9sultats similaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9s par Moes (1999) dans le cadre d&rsquo;hospitalisations p\u00e9diatriques impr\u00e9vues, o\u00f9 les scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s au FILE \u00e9taient pr\u00e9dictifs d&rsquo;une plus faible capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;adaptation parentale et d&rsquo;un recours accru aux services d&rsquo;urgence.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique du FILE a \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9e sur un \u00e9chantillon normatif initial de plus de 1 000 familles r\u00e9parties \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents stades du cycle de vie familial.<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne<\/h3>\n<p>Le coefficient global d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> pour l&rsquo;ensemble des 71 items du questionnaire se situe entre <strong>.72 et .81<\/strong> selon les sous-\u00e9chantillons \u00e9tudi\u00e9s, ce qui atteste d&rsquo;une coh\u00e9rence satisfaisante pour une \u00e9chelle multidimensionnelle d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements de vie (o\u00f9 les stresseurs ne sont pas n\u00e9cessairement cens\u00e9s covarier parfaitement entre eux, un deuil ne provoquant pas automatiquement une infraction l\u00e9gale). Les coefficients alpha des sous-\u00e9chelles individuelles pr\u00e9sentent des variations en fonction de leur longueur :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tensions intrafamiliales (17 items) : &alpha; = .73 \u00e0 .76<\/li>\n<li>Tensions financi\u00e8res et commerciales (12 items) : &alpha; = .65 \u00e0 .71<\/li>\n<li>Transitions et tensions travail-famille (10 items) : &alpha; = .60 \u00e0 .68<\/li>\n<li>Maladie et soins familiaux (8 items) : &alpha; = .58 \u00e0 .64<\/li>\n<li>Pertes et deuils (6 items) : &alpha; = .55 \u00e0 .61<\/li>\n<li>Sous-\u00e9chelles courtes (4 \u00e0 5 items) : coefficients alpha mod\u00e9r\u00e9s compris entre .45 et .58, une caract\u00e9ristique classique pour les inventaires d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements de vie \u00e0 format cumulatif.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest<\/h3>\n<p>La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un \u00e9chantillon de sujets r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 un intervalle de quatre \u00e0 cinq semaines :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Score total de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle<\/strong> : coefficient de corr\u00e9lation test-retest de <strong><em>r<\/em> = .80<\/strong> (<em>p<\/em> &lt; .001), t\u00e9moignant d&rsquo;une excellente stabilit\u00e9 temporelle de la perception des stresseurs familiaux.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelles<\/strong> : les corr\u00e9lations test-retest s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnent de <em>r<\/em> = .66 \u00e0 <em>r<\/em> = .84, les domaines des pertes objectives (d\u00e9c\u00e8s) et des tensions professionnelles affichant la plus grande stabilit\u00e9, tandis que les tensions intrafamiliales subjectives pr\u00e9sentent des fluctuations mineures li\u00e9es au contexte quotidien.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>La structure interne du FILE a \u00e9t\u00e9 isol\u00e9e au moyen d&rsquo;analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) rigoureuses, suivies de confirmations factorielles sur des cohortes ind\u00e9pendantes (McCubbin, Patterson, &amp; Wilson, 1981 ; McCubbin et al., 1996).<\/p>\n<h3>Extraction factorielle et rotation<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse initiale a \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;une analyse en composantes principales avec rotation orthogonale Varimax, compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par une rotation oblique (Promax) pour tenir compte des intercorr\u00e9lations naturelles existant entre les diff\u00e9rents stresseurs d&rsquo;un m\u00eame syst\u00e8me de vie. L&rsquo;analyse des valeurs propres (crit\u00e8re de Kaiser &gt; 1) et l&rsquo;examen du graphique des \u00e9boulis de Cattell ont mis en \u00e9vidence une solution optimale \u00e0 <strong>neuf facteurs de premier ordre<\/strong>, expliquant ensemble plus de 42 % de la variance totale des r\u00e9ponses.<\/p>\n<h3>Saturations factorielles des items<\/h3>\n<p>Les crit\u00e8res de r\u00e9tention exigeaient une saturation minimale de <strong>.35<\/strong> sur le facteur cible et l&rsquo;absence de saturation crois\u00e9e sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 .30 sur un facteur secondaire :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 : Tensions intrafamiliales<\/strong> (items 1 \u00e0 17) \u2014 Saturations comprises entre .41 et .68 sur des variables relatives aux querelles parents-enfants, aux difficult\u00e9s d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 et aux probl\u00e8mes de d\u00e9pendance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 : Tensions conjugales<\/strong> (items 18 \u00e0 21) \u2014 Saturations \u00e9lev\u00e9es (.52 \u00e0 .74) sur la s\u00e9paration, l&rsquo;infid\u00e9lit\u00e9 et la discorde sexuelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 : Tensions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la grossesse\/procr\u00e9ation<\/strong> (items 22 \u00e0 25) \u2014 Saturations nettes (.48 \u00e0 .79) regroupant grossesses impr\u00e9vues, avortements et naissances.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 4 : Tensions financi\u00e8res et d&rsquo;affaires<\/strong> (items 26 \u00e0 37) \u2014 Saturations de .38 \u00e0 .69 associ\u00e9es aux dettes, aux pr\u00eats bancaires et aux difficult\u00e9s budg\u00e9taires de subsistance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 5 : Transitions travail-famille<\/strong> (items 38 \u00e0 47) \u2014 Saturations variant de .39 \u00e0 .65 liant changements d&#8217;emploi, licenciements, promotions et d\u00e9m\u00e9nagements.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 6 : Maladie et soins familiaux<\/strong> (items 48 \u00e0 55) \u2014 Saturations de .42 \u00e0 .71 sur les maladies graves, le handicap et les obligations de garde et de soin d&rsquo;ascendants.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 7 : Pertes<\/strong> (items 56 \u00e0 61) \u2014 Saturations nettes (.49 \u00e0 .82) ancr\u00e9es sur les \u00e9v\u00e9nements de d\u00e9c\u00e8s et ruptures relationnelles irr\u00e9versibles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 8 : Transitions d&rsquo;entr\u00e9e et sortie<\/strong> (items 62 \u00e0 66) \u2014 Saturations de .44 \u00e0 .72 sur les mouvements de d\u00e9part ou de retour des jeunes adultes et mariages.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 9 : Infractions l\u00e9gales familiales<\/strong> (items 67 \u00e0 71) \u2014 Saturations robustes (.51 \u00e0 .76) sur les incarc\u00e9rations, arrestations, fugues et violences familiales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les analyses factorielles de second ordre ont corrobor\u00e9 l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral sous-jacent de <em>Stress cumulatif global<\/em>, autorisant l&rsquo;utilisation clinique l\u00e9gitime d&rsquo;un score total sommatif.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type de test :<\/strong> Questionnaire autorapport\u00e9 \/ inventaire d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation syst\u00e9mique du stress familial.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Public cible :<\/strong> Adultes (parents, conjoints ou tuteurs l\u00e9gaux repr\u00e9sentatifs du foyer familial). Peut \u00eatre compl\u00e9t\u00e9 par un seul membre adulte ou par les deux conjoints ind\u00e9pendamment pour \u00e9valuer la concordance des perceptions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 71 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s concrets couvrant les \u00e9v\u00e9nements normatifs et non normatifs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> Double grille temporelle dichotomique pour chaque item :\n<ul>\n<li><em>During Last 12 Months (Au cours des 12 derniers mois) :<\/em> Oui (Yes) \/ Non (No)<\/li>\n<li><em>Before Last 12 Months (Avant les 12 derniers mois) :<\/em> Oui (Yes) \/ Non (No)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et calcul des scores :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Score de fr\u00e9quence brute r\u00e9cente (Recent Life Changes) :<\/strong> Somme des r\u00e9ponses \u00ab Oui \u00bb au cours des 12 derniers mois (valeurs de 0 \u00e0 71).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score de fr\u00e9quence brute pass\u00e9e (Past Life Changes) :<\/strong> Somme des r\u00e9ponses \u00ab Oui \u00bb survenues avant les 12 derniers mois (valeurs de 0 \u00e0 71).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score pond\u00e9r\u00e9 de r\u00e9ajustement (Family Life Event Weighting) :<\/strong> Dans la version de recherche avanc\u00e9e, chaque item peut \u00eatre multipli\u00e9 par un poids standardis\u00e9 d&rsquo;ajustement social (d\u00e9riv\u00e9 d&rsquo;analyses de magnitude de stress familial) avant sommation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scores par sous-\u00e9chelle :<\/strong> Calcul de scores partiels pour chacune des 9 dimensions, permettant de cartographier les secteurs d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 les plus vuln\u00e9rables du foyer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Environ 15 \u00e0 25 minutes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9veloppement initial :<\/strong> 1981 (premi\u00e8re formalisation empirique) ; publications majeures de validation en 1983, 1987 et 1996.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> Droits d\u00e9tenus par les auteurs (Hamilton I. McCubbin et Joan M. Patterson) et le <em>Family Stress, Coping and Health Project<\/em> de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin-Madison.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acc\u00e8s et utilisation pour la recherche :<\/strong> L&rsquo;inventaire est accessible \u00e0 des fins acad\u00e9miques, cliniques non lucratives et de recherche doctorale. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 disposition dans plusieurs manuels de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (notamment <em>Family Assessment Inventories for Research and Practice<\/em>, McCubbin &amp; Thompson, 1987, 1991 ; et <em>Measures for Clinical Practice<\/em>, Corcoran &amp; Fischer, 2000).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Gratuit pour les \u00e9tudiants et chercheurs universitaires dans le respect des mentions l\u00e9gales de citation et des contextes de recherche acad\u00e9mique. Pour toute exploitation commerciale ou int\u00e9gration dans des plateformes diagnostiques propri\u00e9taires, une autorisation formelle aupr\u00e8s des ayants droit ou du d\u00e9partement universitaire d\u00e9positaire est requise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les publications de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ci-dessous fondent l&rsquo;assise th\u00e9orique et la validation psychom\u00e9trique du FILE :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Corcoran, K., &amp; Fischer, J. (2000). <em>Measures for clinical practice: A sourcebook<\/em> (Vol. 1, 3rd ed.). The Free Press.<\/li>\n<li>Hill, R. (1949). <em>Families under stress: Adjustment to the crises of war separation and reunion<\/em>. Harper &amp; Brothers.<\/li>\n<li>Holmes, T. H., &amp; Rahe, R. H. (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. <em>Journal of Psychosomatic Research<\/em>, 11(2), 213\u2013218. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3999(67)90010-4\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3999(67)90010-4<\/a><\/li>\n<li>McCubbin, H. I., Joy, C. B., Cauble, A. E., Comeau, J. K., Patterson, J. M., &amp; Needle, R. H. (1980). Family stress and coping: A decade review. <em>Journal of Marriage and Family<\/em>, 42(4), 855\u2013871. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/351830\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/351830<\/a><\/li>\n<li>McCubbin, H. I., &amp; Patterson, J. M. (1982). Family adaptation to crisis. In H. I. McCubbin, A. E. Cauble, &amp; J. M. Patterson (Eds.), <em>Family stress, coping and social support<\/em> (pp. 26\u201347). Charles C. Thomas.<\/li>\n<li>McCubbin, H. I., &amp; Patterson, J. M. (1983). Family transitions: Adapting to stress. In H. I. McCubbin &amp; C. R. Figley (Eds.), <em>Stress and the family: Vol. 1. Coping with normative transitions<\/em> (pp. 5\u201325). Brunner\/Mazel.<\/li>\n<li>McCubbin, H. I., Patterson, J. M., &amp; Wilson, L. R. (1981). <em>Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (FILE)<\/em>. University of Wisconsin-Madison.<\/li>\n<li>McCubbin, H. I., &amp; Thompson, A. I. (Eds.). (1987). <em>Family assessment inventories for research and practice<\/em>. University of Wisconsin-Madison.<\/li>\n<li>McCubbin, H. I., Thompson, A. I., &amp; McCubbin, M. A. (1996). <em>Family assessment: Resiliency, coping, and adaptation\u2014Inventories for research and practice<\/em>. University of Wisconsin System.<\/li>\n<li>McCubbin, M. A., &amp; McCubbin, H. I. (1987). Family stress theory and assessment: The T-Double ABCX model of family adjustment and adaptation. In H. I. McCubbin &amp; A. I. Thompson (Eds.), <em>Family assessment inventories for research and practice<\/em> (pp. 3\u201332). University of Wisconsin-Madison.<\/li>\n<li>Moes, J. L. (1999). <em>Unplanned hospitalization of a child: Perceptions of stress, family life events, and coping resources<\/em> (Master&rsquo;s thesis, Grand Valley State University). Masters Theses, Paper 513. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/scholarworks.gvsu.edu\/theses\/513\">https:\/\/scholarworks.gvsu.edu\/theses\/513<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Patterson, J. M., &amp; McCubbin, H. I. (1983). The impact of family life events and changes on the health of a chronically ill child. <em>Family Relations<\/em>, 32(2), 255\u2013264. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/584993\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/584993<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increase of husband\/father\u2019s time away from family<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increase of wife\/mother\u2019s time away from family<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member appears to have emotional problems<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member appears to depend on alcohol or drugs<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increase in conflict between husband and wife<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increase in arguments between parent(s) and child(ren)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increase in conflict among children in the family<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased difficulty in managing teenage child(ren)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased difficulty in managing school child(ren) (6-12 yrs.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased difficulty in managing preschool child(ren) (2-6 yrs.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased difficulty in managing toddler(s) (1-2\u00bd yrs.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased difficulty in managing infant(s) (0-1yrs.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increase in the amount of \u201coutside activities\u201d which the children are involved in<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased disagreement about a member\u2019s friends or activities<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increase in the number of problems or issues which don\u2019t get resolved<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increase in the number of tasks or chores which don\u2019t get done<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased conflict with in-laws or relatives<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Spouse\/parent was separated or divorced<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Spouse\/parent has an \u201caffair\u201d<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased difficulty in resolving issues with a \u201cformer\u201d or separated spouse<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased difficulty with sexual relationship between husband and wife<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Spouse had an unwanted or difficult pregnancy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">An unmarried member became pregnant<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member had an abortion<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member gave birth to or adopted a child<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Took out a loan or refinanced a loan to cover increased expenses<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Went on welfare<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Change in conditions (economic\u201a political\u201a weather) which hurts the family business<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Change in agriculture market\u201a stock market\u201a or land values which hurts family investments and\/or income<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member started a new business<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Purchased or built a home<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member purchased a car or other major item<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increasing financial debts due to overuse of credit cards<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased strain on family \u201cmoney\u201d for medical\/dental expenses<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased strain on family \u201cmoney\u201d for food\u201a clothing\u201a energy\u201a home care<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased strain on family \u201cmoney\u201d for child(ren)\u2019s education<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Delay in receiving child support or alimony payments<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member changed to a new job\/career<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member quit or lost a job<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member retired from work<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member started or returned to work<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member stopped working for extended period (e.g.\u201a laid off\u201a leave of absence\u201a strike)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Decrease in satisfaction with job\/career<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member had increased difficulty with people at work<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member was promoted at work or given more responsibilities<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family moved to a new home\/apartment<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A child\/adolescent member changed to a new School<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Parent\/spouse became seriously ill or injured<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Child became seriously ill or injured<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Close relative or friend of the family became seriously ill<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member became physically disabled or seriously ill<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased difficulty in managing a chronically ill or disabled member<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Member or close relative was committed to an institution or nursing home<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased responsibility to provide direct care or financial help to husband\u2019s and\/or wife\u2019s parent(s)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Experienced difficulty in arranging for satisfactory child care<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A parent\/spouse died<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A child member dies<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Death of husband or wife\u2019s parent or close relative<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Close friend of the family died<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Married son or daughter was separated or divorced<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member \u201cbroke up\u201d a relationship with a close friend<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member was married<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Young adult member left home<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A young adult member began college (or post high school training)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member moved back home or a new person moved into the household<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A parent\/spouse started school (or training program) after being away from school for a long time<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member went to jail or juvenile detention<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member was picked up by police or arrested<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Physical or sexual abuse or violence in the home<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member ran away from home<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A member dr\u200eopped out of school or was suspended from school<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;Inventaire des \u00e9v\u00e9nements de vie et des changements familiaux (FILE) est une \u00e9chelle psychom\u00e9trique de 71 items con\u00e7ue par Hamilton McCubbin et Joan Patterson pour mesurer l&rsquo;accumulation de stresseurs (pile-up) et l&rsquo;adaptation du syst\u00e8me familial selon le mod\u00e8le Double ABCX.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[15610,21817,12681],"tags":[21819,506,20904,14781,21818,20905,16,21178,15613,9605],"class_list":["post-14149","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-familiales","category-psychologie-clinique-et-systemique","category-psychometrie-et-echelles-cliniques","tag-accumulation-de-stresseurs","tag-adaptation","tag-double-abcx","tag-evenements-de-vie","tag-file","tag-mccubbin","tag-psychometrie","tag-resilience-familiale","tag-stress-familial","tag-systemique"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14149","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14149"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14149\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14149"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14149"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}