{"id":14147,"date":"2026-10-07T08:59:08","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T08:59:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/inventaire-ressources-familiales-gestion-firm\/"},"modified":"2026-10-07T08:59:08","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T08:59:08","slug":"inventaire-ressources-familiales-gestion-firm","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=inventaire-ressources-familiales-gestion-firm","title":{"rendered":"Inventaire des ressources familiales pour la gestion"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019<strong>Inventaire des ressources familiales pour la gestion<\/strong> (<em>Family Inventory of Resources for Management<\/em>, FIRM) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 initialement par Hamilton I. McCubbin, Joan K. Comeau et Jo A. Harkins en 1981 \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin-Madison. Con\u00e7u au sein du cadre th\u00e9orique syst\u00e9mique de la r\u00e9silience familiale, en particulier le mod\u00e8le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Double_ABC-X_model\">Double ABC-X<\/a> de McCubbin et Patterson, le FIRM a pour vocation d\u2019\u00e9valuer le r\u00e9pertoire global de ressources internes et externes dont dispose un syst\u00e8me familial pour pr\u00e9venir ou g\u00e9rer les crises, r\u00e9duire les tensions chroniques et s\u2019adapter aux transitions de vie majeures. Le questionnaire comprend 69 items auto-rapport\u00e9s \u00e9valuant quatre dimensions fondamentales des forces familiales : (I) l\u2019Estime et la communication familiale (<em>Esteem and Communication<\/em>, 15 items), (II) la Ma\u00eetrise et la sant\u00e9 (<em>Mastery and Health<\/em>, 20 items), (III) le Soutien social de la famille \u00e9largie (<em>Extended Family Social Support<\/em>, 4 items) et (IV) le Bien-\u00eatre financier (<em>Financial Well-Being<\/em>, 16 items), compl\u00e9t\u00e9s par des indicateurs contextuels et des items de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale\/stabilit\u00e9. Les r\u00e9ponses sont recueillies sur une \u00e9chelle de Likert en 4 points allant de 0 (\u00ab Pas du tout \u00bb) \u00e0 3 (\u00ab Tr\u00e8s bien \u00bb), apr\u00e8s inversion des scores des items n\u00e9gatifs. Les qualit\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques du FIRM attestent d&rsquo;une coh\u00e9rence interne robuste, avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach variant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de 0,62 \u00e0 0,85 selon les sous-\u00e9chelles dans les \u00e9chantillons originaux et des \u00e9tudes internationales ult\u00e9rieures (par exemple, chez les aidants familiaux). L&rsquo;instrument d\u00e9montre une excellente validit\u00e9 de construit, discriminante et pr\u00e9dictive vis-\u00e0-vis des indicateurs d&rsquo;adaptation, de d\u00e9tresse psychologique et de sant\u00e9 physique des membres de la famille.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c9valuation familiale, Ressources familiales, Gestion du stress, Mod\u00e8le Double ABC-X, R\u00e9silience familiale, Psychom\u00e9trie, Adaptation syst\u00e9mique, Bien-\u00eatre financier, Soutien social, Psychologie de la famille.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019instrument FIRM a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs pionniers en sciences de la famille et en psychologie syst\u00e9mique \u00e0 l\u2019<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison\">Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin-Madison<\/a> (\u00c9tats-Unis) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hamilton I. McCubbin, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite en \u00e9cologie humaine et \u00e9tudes familiales \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin-Madison, th\u00e9oricien internationalement reconnu pour ses travaux sur le stress, les traumatismes, la r\u00e9silience et l&rsquo;adaptation des syst\u00e8mes familiaux militaires et civils.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Joan K. Comeau, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Chercheuse et sp\u00e9cialiste du d\u00e9veloppement familial et de la gestion des ressources domestiques au sein du <em>Family Stress, Coping and Health Project<\/em> de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin-Madison.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jo A. Harkins, M.S.<\/strong> : Chercheuse associ\u00e9e ayant collabor\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnalisation empirique et \u00e0 la validation des outils d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation syst\u00e9mique du stress familial.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Family Inventory of Resources for Management (FIRM)<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement con\u00e7u pour combler une lacune critique dans l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychologique et sociologique des familles confront\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;adversit\u00e9 : la tendance pr\u00e9dominante des outils cliniques \u00e0 mesurer exclusivement les d\u00e9ficits, les dysfonctionnements ou la symptomatologie psychopathologique. Les auteurs ont adopt\u00e9 une perspective r\u00e9solument salutog\u00e8ne et ax\u00e9e sur les comp\u00e9tences, visant \u00e0 quantifier l&rsquo;ensemble des atouts tangibles et intangibles qu&rsquo;une cellule familiale peut mobiliser pour satisfaire aux exigences de la vie quotidienne et surmonter des stresseurs aigus ou cumulatifs.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le domaine de la recherche empirique, le FIRM permet d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnaliser le facteur \u00ab B \u00bb (ressources existantes) et le facteur \u00ab bB \u00bb (ressources acquises ou adaptatives) du mod\u00e8le Double ABC-X. Il offre aux chercheurs un cadre standardis\u00e9 pour examiner comment des ressources multidimensionnelles \u2014 allant de la liquidit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique aux sch\u00e9mas de communication interpersonnelle et \u00e0 la coh\u00e9sion avec le r\u00e9seau de parent\u00e9 \u2014 mod\u00e8rent l&rsquo;impact des stresseurs environnementaux, professionnels ou m\u00e9dicaux sur le fonctionnement global du foyer.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan clinique et m\u00e9dico-social, le FIRM constitue un outil diagnostique et d&rsquo;orientation interventionnelle pr\u00e9cieux. Administr\u00e9 dans le cadre de th\u00e9rapies familiales, de consultations en travail social, ou d&rsquo;accompagnements de proches aidants (notamment aupr\u00e8s de familles touch\u00e9es par des pathologies chroniques, le cancer ou le handicap p\u00e9diatrique), il identifie avec pr\u00e9cision les zones de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 aigu\u00eb (comme un \u00e9puisement physique chronique ou une pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re) tout en mettant en lumi\u00e8re les leviers protecteurs pr\u00e9existants (tels qu&rsquo;une communication bienveillante ou un fort sentiment de comp\u00e9tence d\u00e9cisionnelle). Les praticiens peuvent ainsi concevoir des interventions cibl\u00e9es visant soit le renforcement des comp\u00e9tences de gestion interne, soit l&rsquo;activation des r\u00e9seaux d&rsquo;aide externes, facilitant un r\u00e9\u00e9quilibrage hom\u00e9ostatique durable du syst\u00e8me familial.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le FIRM conceptualise les \u00ab ressources de gestion familiale \u00bb comme un construit multidimensionnel hi\u00e9rarchis\u00e9 englobant les capacit\u00e9s individuelles, interactionnelles et socio-\u00e9conomiques dont dispose le foyer. L&rsquo;inventaire se structure autour de quatre sous-\u00e9chelles principales th\u00e9oriquement et empiriquement d\u00e9riv\u00e9es, compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par des \u00e9chelles de contr\u00f4le :<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle I : Estime et communication familiale (Family Strengths I: Esteem and Communication)<\/h3>\n<p>Compos\u00e9e de 15 items (items 36, 38, 39, 44, 46, 50, 52, 53, 55, 58, 60, 62, 65, 67, 68), cette dimension mesure le climat affectif interne, le respect mutuel et l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des processus transactionnels au sein de la famille. Elle \u00e9value la capacit\u00e9 des membres \u00e0 maintenir une image positive d&rsquo;eux-m\u00eames et du groupe, \u00e0 exprimer librement leurs \u00e9motions (y compris la tristesse ou l&rsquo;affection) et \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre les conflits par une prise de d\u00e9cision concert\u00e9e. Par exemple, l&rsquo;item 50 (\u00ab In our family, it is \u2018okay\u2019 for members to show positive feelings about each other \u00bb) et l&rsquo;item 44 (\u00ab When we face a problem, we look at the good and bad of each possible solution \u00bb) illustrent la flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive et l&rsquo;ouverture communicationnelle qui caract\u00e9risent un climat s\u00e9curisant.<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle II : Ma\u00eetrise et sant\u00e9 (Family Strengths II: Mastery and Health)<\/h3>\n<p>Compos\u00e9e de 20 items (items 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 29, 32), tous invers\u00e9s lors de la cotation, cette composante \u00e9value le sentiment collectif d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9, le locus de contr\u00f4le interne de la famille, ainsi que la vitalit\u00e9 physique et \u00e9motionnelle de ses membres. Elle explore l&rsquo;absence de sentiments de r\u00e9signation, de d\u00e9sorganisation chronique, d&rsquo;\u00e9puisement somatique ou de surcharge de r\u00f4le. Par exemple, les items invers\u00e9s 2 (\u00ab Being physically tired much of the time is a problem in our family \u00bb) et 8 (\u00ab Sometimes we don\u2019t have enough control over the direction our lives are taking \u00bb) mesurent le degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;usure biologique et le sentiment d&rsquo;impuissance face au destin qui entravent la gestion proactive des difficult\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle III : Soutien social de la famille \u00e9largie (Family Strengths III: Extended Family Social Support)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle courte de 4 items (items 41, 48, 56, 66) capture l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration du sous-syst\u00e8me nucl\u00e9aire dans un r\u00e9seau de parent\u00e9 plus large. Elle quantifie la mutualit\u00e9 des \u00e9changes, le sentiment d&rsquo;\u00eatre compris et valoris\u00e9 par les proches, et l&rsquo;accessibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un soutien \u00e9motionnel ou pratique aupr\u00e8s de la famille \u00e9tendue. L&rsquo;item 56 (\u00ab Our relative(s) are willing to listen to your problems \u00bb) refl\u00e8te cette disponibilit\u00e9 relationnelle s\u00e9curisante, tandis que l&rsquo;item 41 (\u00ab Our relatives seem to take from us, but give little in return \u00bb, invers\u00e9) d\u00e9tecte l&rsquo;existence \u00e9ventuelle de relations asym\u00e9triques drainantes.<\/p>\n<h3>Sous-\u00e9chelle IV : Bien-\u00eatre financier (Family Strengths IV: Financial Well-Being)<\/h3>\n<p>Regroupant 16 items (items 35, 37, 40, 42, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54, 57, 59, 61, 63, 64, 69), cette dimension appr\u00e9hende la viabilit\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 mat\u00e9rielle du foyer. Au-del\u00e0 du strict niveau de revenu, elle mesure la comp\u00e9tence budg\u00e9taire, l&rsquo;\u00e9pargne d&rsquo;urgence, la solvabilit\u00e9 bancaire, les couvertures d&rsquo;assurance et la confiance \u00e9conomique future. Par exemple, l&rsquo;item 43 (\u00ab We feel we have enough money on hand to cover small unexpected expenses \u00bb) et l&rsquo;item 64 (\u00ab We feel confident that if our main bread winner lost his\/her job (s)he could find another one \u00bb) rendent compte de la flexibilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re et de l&rsquo;amortissement \u00e9conomique face aux chocs impr\u00e9vus.<\/p>\n<h3>Items contextuels et d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale<\/h3>\n<p>Le questionnaire comprend \u00e9galement des items ind\u00e9pendants \u00e9valuant les sources de subsistance sp\u00e9cifiques (aides sociales, rentes, pensions d&rsquo;invalidit\u00e9, items 10, 21, 25) ainsi qu&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle de conventionalit\u00e9 ou de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale familiale int\u00e9gr\u00e9e (items 5, 12, 19, 24, 30), permettant au clinicien ou au chercheur de contr\u00f4ler la tendance du r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 id\u00e9aliser le fonctionnement de sa famille (ex. item 19 : \u00ab No one could be happier than our family when we are together \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le FIRM s&rsquo;inscrit au c\u0153ur des th\u00e9ories \u00e9cologiques et syst\u00e9miques du stress familial, et tire son fondement direct du <strong>mod\u00e8le Double ABC-X<\/strong> propos\u00e9 par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reuben_Hill\">Reuben Hill<\/a> (1949) et consid\u00e9rablement \u00e9tendu par McCubbin et Patterson (1983). Dans la mod\u00e9lisation classique du stress d&rsquo;Hill, une crise familiale (facteur X) d\u00e9coule de l&rsquo;interaction entre un stresseur initial (facteur A), les ressources disponibles du syst\u00e8me (facteur B) et la d\u00e9finition ou signification que la famille accorde \u00e0 cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement (facteur C).<\/p>\n<p>McCubbin et Patterson ont constat\u00e9 que les familles ne vivent que rarement des crises isol\u00e9es : elles sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 une accumulation ou \u00ab empilement \u00bb de stresseurs dans le temps (pile-up, facteur aA). Pour \u00e9viter la rupture du syst\u00e8me ou l&rsquo;effondrement fonctionnel, la famille doit d\u00e9ployer des ressources existantes et d\u00e9velopper de nouvelles capacit\u00e9s adaptatives (facteur bB). Le FIRM a \u00e9t\u00e9 explicitement \u00e9labor\u00e9 pour fournir une mesure standardis\u00e9e, quantitative et exhaustive de ce <strong>facteur B \/ bB<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Le cadre th\u00e9orique sous-jacent repose sur trois postulats \u00e9pist\u00e9mologiques majeurs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>La perspective syst\u00e9mique :<\/strong> Le foyer est con\u00e7u comme une entit\u00e9 dynamique ouverte o\u00f9 les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du groupe d\u00e9passent la simple addition des caract\u00e9ristiques individuelles. Une ressource, qu&rsquo;elle soit financi\u00e8re ou \u00e9motionnelle, appartient au champ interactif du syst\u00e8me.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La gestion des ressources (Resource Management Theory) :<\/strong> Empruntant aux th\u00e9ories socio-\u00e9conomiques de la gestion domestique (Deacon &#038; Firebaugh), le FIRM postule que la survie et l&rsquo;\u00e9panouissement d&rsquo;une famille d\u00e9pendent de processus de planification, d&rsquo;allocation, de r\u00e9troaction et d&rsquo;ajustement face aux contraintes du milieu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;approche par les comp\u00e9tences et la r\u00e9silience :<\/strong> En rupture avec la vision pathologisante traditionnelle, le mod\u00e8le postule que chaque famille poss\u00e8de un potentiel inh\u00e9rent de r\u00e9sistance et de croissance r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrice lorsqu&rsquo;elle fait face \u00e0 des \u00e9preuves d\u00e9stabilisatrices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques du FIRM ont fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations rigoureuses d\u00e8s sa publication inaugurale en 1981, compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par des d\u00e9cennies de recherches cliniques et \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques transversales et longitudinales.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et d&rsquo;apparence<\/h3>\n<p>Le contenu initial des items a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9riv\u00e9 d&rsquo;une analyse syst\u00e9matique de la litt\u00e9rature sur le fonctionnement familial, d&rsquo;entretiens qualitatifs approfondis men\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s de familles soumises \u00e0 diverses transitions de vie (transitions d&#8217;emploi, maladies graves, r\u00e9installations militaires) et de l&rsquo;examen d&rsquo;un coll\u00e8ge d&rsquo;experts en th\u00e9rapie familiale et en sociologie. Les items retenus couvrent ad\u00e9quatement l&rsquo;\u00e9ventail des ressources instrumentales, relationnelles et mat\u00e9rielles indispensables \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre du m\u00e9nage.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente du FIRM a \u00e9t\u00e9 corrobor\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations statistiquement significatives avec d&rsquo;autres \u00e9chelles standardis\u00e9es renomm\u00e9es \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;\u00e9cologie familiale. Des corr\u00e9lations positives mod\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 fortes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es avec le <em>Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales<\/em> (FACES de David Olson) : les dimensions \u00ab Estime et communication \u00bb et \u00ab Ma\u00eetrise et sant\u00e9 \u00bb du FIRM corr\u00e8lent positivement avec la coh\u00e9sion familiale (r compris entre 0,45 et 0,62, p &lt; 0,001) et la flexibilit\u00e9 fonctionnelle. De surcro\u00eet, le FIRM montre des corr\u00e9lations n\u00e9gatives robustes avec les scores de stress per\u00e7u (comme le <em>Perceived Stress Scale<\/em>) et les inventaires de d\u00e9tresse psychologique (comme le SCL-90-R et le GHQ-12).<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument d\u00e9montre une excellente capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 discriminer les familles qui s&rsquo;adaptent avec succ\u00e8s des familles en rupture hom\u00e9ostatique. Dans des \u00e9tudes portant sur des familles h\u00e9bergeant un enfant atteint d&rsquo;une maladie chronique ou un parent souffrant d&rsquo;un cancer (par exemple, les travaux de Mirsoleymani et al., 2016), les scores globaux et dimensionnels du FIRM diff\u00e9rencient significativement les m\u00e9nages pr\u00e9sentant une haute charge d&rsquo;aidant (<em>caregiver burden<\/em>) de ceux maintenant un \u00e9quilibre psychosocial pr\u00e9serv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>Dans les mod\u00e8les d&rsquo;\u00e9quations structurelles testant le mod\u00e8le Double ABC-X, les scores composites au FIRM pr\u00e9disent de mani\u00e8re significative l&rsquo;adaptation familiale ult\u00e9rieure (facteur xX), le bien-\u00eatre subjectif des conjoints et l&rsquo;ajustement scolaire et comportemental des enfants, confirmant le r\u00f4le mod\u00e9rateur et m\u00e9diateur des ressources de gestion dans les trajectoires de r\u00e9silience.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du FIRM a \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9e sur de larges cohortes normatives am\u00e9ricaines ainsi que dans le cadre de transpositions transculturelles.<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne (Alpha de Cronbach)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon normatif initial \u00e9tabli par McCubbin, Comeau et Harkins (1981, 1996), les coefficients alpha de Cronbach d\u00e9montrent une excellente pr\u00e9cision pour les \u00e9chelles principales :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Estime et communication (15 items) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,85<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ma\u00eetrise et sant\u00e9 (20 items) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,85<\/li>\n<li><strong>Soutien social de la famille \u00e9largie (4 items) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,62<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bien-\u00eatre financier (16 items) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,85<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score total des forces familiales :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,89 \u00e0 0,91<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le coefficient plus modeste de la sous-\u00e9chelle III (\u03b1 = 0,62) s&rsquo;explique par son nombre restreint d&rsquo;items (4 items), tout en conservant une consistance inter-items acceptable pour une \u00e9chelle br\u00e8ve dans les applications de recherche.<\/p>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest a \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9e sur des intervalles de deux \u00e0 quatre semaines aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons de contr\u00f4le non soumis \u00e0 des transitions de vie aigu\u00ebs. Les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse et de Pearson s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnent entre 0,78 et 0,87 pour les sous-\u00e9chelles, et atteignent 0,84 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle globale, ce qui t\u00e9moigne d&rsquo;une grande stabilit\u00e9 m\u00e9trologique des mesures en l&rsquo;absence de modification structurelle de l&rsquo;environnement familial.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>La structure dimensionnelle du FIRM a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie initialement par des analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) men\u00e9es avec extraction en composantes principales et rotation oblique (Promax ou Oblimin), refl\u00e9tant l&rsquo;interd\u00e9pendance conceptuelle des ressources au sein d&rsquo;un m\u00eame \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me familial.<\/p>\n<h3>Structure originale \u00e0 quatre facteurs<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse factorielle initiale a permis d&rsquo;extraire quatre facteurs cardinaux expliquant une part substantielle de la variance totale des scores :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 (Estime et communication) :<\/strong> Satur\u00e9 principalement par les items relatifs \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9coute empathique, au partage des sentiments, au respect mutuel et \u00e0 l&rsquo;absence de bl\u00e2me st\u00e9rile (saturations factorielles allant de 0,42 \u00e0 0,71).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 (Ma\u00eetrise et sant\u00e9) :<\/strong> Regroupant les items formul\u00e9s n\u00e9gativement explorant la fatigue, l&rsquo;impuissance apprise, la procrastination d\u00e9cisionnelle et les conflits r\u00e9currents d&rsquo;organisation (saturations oscillant entre 0,38 et 0,68).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 (Soutien social \u00e9largi) :<\/strong> Isol\u00e9 autour de la disponibilit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue de la parent\u00e9 et de la r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9 des liens (saturations entre 0,45 et 0,74).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 4 (Bien-\u00eatre financier) :<\/strong> Regroupant de fa\u00e7on tr\u00e8s homog\u00e8ne les items li\u00e9s \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9 des rentr\u00e9es d&rsquo;argent, aux r\u00e9serves bancaires et \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9sister aux d\u00e9penses impr\u00e9vues (saturations entre 0,46 et 0,78).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validations confirmatoires contemporaines<\/h3>\n<p>Des analyses factorielles confirmatoires (AFC) conduites dans le cadre d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes d&rsquo;adaptation transculturelle (notamment par Mirsoleymani et ses collaborateurs en 2016 aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;aidants familiaux) ont confirm\u00e9 l&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation du mod\u00e8le factoriel. Les indices d&rsquo;ajustement rapport\u00e9s dans la litt\u00e9rature contemporaine soutiennent l&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation empirique de la structure t\u00e9tradimensionnelle : les ratios de Chi-deux sur degr\u00e9s de libert\u00e9 (\u03c7\u00b2\/df) demeurent inf\u00e9rieurs aux seuils recommand\u00e9s (&lt; 3,0), avec des indices d&rsquo;ajustement comparatif (CFI) et de Tucker-Lewis (TLI) satisfaisants (&gt; 0,90) et une erreur quadratique moyenne d&rsquo;approximation (RMSEA) se situant entre 0,045 et 0,065.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d\u2019instrument :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation standardis\u00e9 (auto-rapport\u00e9 ou h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-rapport\u00e9 par les membres adultes du foyer).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon ou passation informatis\u00e9e \/ num\u00e9rique en ligne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 69 items (\u00e9nonc\u00e9s d\u00e9crivant des situations ou ressentis familiaux).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps de passation :<\/strong> Environ 15 \u00e0 25 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format des r\u00e9ponses :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert \u00e0 4 points ordonn\u00e9e comme suit :\n<ul>\n<li>0 = Pas du tout (<em>not at all \u2013 this statement does not describe our family situation<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>1 = Minimalement (<em>minimally \u2013 this statement describes our family situation only slightly<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>2 = Mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment (<em>moderately \u2013 this statement describes our family situation fairly well<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>3 = Tr\u00e8s bien (<em>very well \u2013 this statement describes our family very accurately<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proc\u00e9dure de cotation :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Inversion des scores :<\/strong> Les items marqu\u00e9s d&rsquo;un ast\u00e9risque (*) doivent imp\u00e9rativement \u00eatre invers\u00e9s avant le calcul des sous-\u00e9chelles selon la r\u00e8gle : 0 = 3, 1 = 2, 2 = 1, 3 = 0.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle I (Estime et communication) :<\/strong> Somme des items 36, 38, 39, 44, 46, 50, 52, 53, 55, 58, 60, 62, 65, 67, 68 (\u00c9tendue : 0 \u00e0 45).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle II (Ma\u00eetrise et sant\u00e9) :<\/strong> Somme des items invers\u00e9s 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 29, 32 (\u00c9tendue : 0 \u00e0 60).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle III (Soutien social de la famille \u00e9largie) :<\/strong> Somme des items 48, 56, 66 et de l&rsquo;item invers\u00e9 41 (\u00c9tendue : 0 \u00e0 12).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle IV (Bien-\u00eatre financier) :<\/strong> Somme des items 35, 37, 40, 42, 43, 45, 47, 51, 54, 57, 59, 63, 64, 69 et des items invers\u00e9s 49 et 61 (\u00c9tendue : 0 \u00e0 48).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score total des forces familiales :<\/strong> Somme des quatre sous-\u00e9chelles (\u00c9tendue : 0 \u00e0 165). Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 refl\u00e8te un volume important de ressources mobilisables pour la gestion du stress.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale familiale :<\/strong> Items 5, 12, 19, 24, 30 permettant d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer une \u00e9ventuelle tendance \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sentation id\u00e9ale de la famille.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9veloppement initial :<\/strong> 1981 (publi\u00e9 ult\u00e9rieurement dans les recueils de 1991, 1996 et 2007).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle et droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> Hamilton I. McCubbin, Joan K. Comeau et Jo A. Harkins, University of Wisconsin System.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation et acc\u00e8s :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 la disposition de la communaut\u00e9 scientifique et clinique \u00e0 des fins de recherche non commerciale et d&rsquo;enseignement. L&rsquo;outil et ses manuels d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation sont document\u00e9s sur le site officiel de recherche sur la r\u00e9silience familiale (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mccubbinresilience.org\/measures.html\">McCubbin Resilience Measures<\/a>) et dans les ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de Fischer et Corcoran (2007). L&rsquo;utilisation dans le cadre d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes universitaires n\u00e9cessite la citation rigoureuse des sources institutionnelles originales. Toute utilisation commerciale ou int\u00e9gration dans des plateformes logicielles payantes requiert l&rsquo;autorisation expresse des d\u00e9tenteurs des droits.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs :<\/strong> Gratuit pour la recherche acad\u00e9mique et l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation clinique ind\u00e9pendante sous r\u00e9serve du respect des conditions de citation des auteurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Fischer, J., &#038; Corcoran, K. J. (2007). <em>Measures for clinical practice and research: A sourcebook<\/em> (4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 299\u2013305). Oxford University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/measures-for-clinical-practice-and-research-9780195304381\">https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/measures-for-clinical-practice-and-research-9780195304381<\/a><\/li>\n<li>McCubbin, H. I., Comeau, J. K., &#038; Harkins, J. A. (1981). <em>Family Inventory of Resources for Management (FIRM)<\/em>. Family Stress, Coping and Health Project, University of Wisconsin-Madison.<\/li>\n<li>McCubbin, H. I., &#038; McCubbin, M. A. (1991). Family stress theory and assessment: The Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation. In H. I. McCubbin &#038; A. I. Thompson (Eds.), <em>Family assessment inventories for research and practice<\/em> (pp. 294\u2013312). University of Wisconsin-Madison.<\/li>\n<li>McCubbin, H. I., Comeau, J. K., &#038; Harkins, J. A. (1996). Family Inventory of Resources for Management (FIRM). In H. I. McCubbin, A. I. Thompson, &#038; M. A. McCubbin (Eds.), <em>Family assessment: Resiliency, coping and adaptation\u2014Inventories for research and practice<\/em> (pp. 247\u2013278). University of Wisconsin System.<\/li>\n<li>McCubbin, H. I., &#038; Patterson, J. M. (1983). The family stress process: The Double ABCX model of adjustment and adaptation. <em>Marriage &#038; Family Review<\/em>, 6(1-2), 7\u201337. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J002v06n01_02\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J002v06n01_02<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mirsoleymani, S. R., Rohani, C., Matbouei, M., Nasiri, M., &#038; Vasli, P. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Family Inventory of Resources for Management in a sample of Iranian family caregivers of cancer patients. <em>Nursing Research and Practice<\/em>, 2016, Article 1401645. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/1401645\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/1401645<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We have money coming in from our investments\u00a0(such as rental (\u00a0property\u201a stocks\u201a bonds\u201a etc.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being physically tired much of the time is a problem\u00a0in our family*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We have to nag each other to get things done.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We do not have to plan too far ahead because many things turn out to be a matter of good or bad luck anyway.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Our family is as well adjusted as any family in this world can be.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ha\u200eving only one person in the family earning money is (or would be) a problem in our family.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It seems that members of our family take each other for granted. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Sometimes we don\u2019t have enough control over the direction our lives are taking. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Certain members of our family do all the giving\u201a while others do all the taking. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We depend almost entirely upon financial support from welfare or other public assistance programs. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We seem to put off making decisions. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Family members understand each other completely.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Our family is under a lot of emotional stress.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Many things seem to interfere with family members being able to share concerns. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Most of the money decisions are made by only one person in the family. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are times when family members do things that make other members unhappy. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It seems we have more illness (colds\u201a flu\u201a etc.) in our family than most people do. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In our family some members have many Responsibilities while others do not have enough.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">No one could be happier than our family when we are together.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is upsetting to our family when things don\u2019t out as planned.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We depend almost entirely on income from alimony and\/or child support. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being sad or \u201cdown\u201d is a problem in our family. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is hard to get family members to cooperate with each other. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If our family has any faults\u201a we are not aware of them.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We depend almost entirely on social security retirement [Disability] income. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Many times we feel we have little influence over things that happen to us.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We have the same problems over and over- we don\u2019t seem to learn from past mistakes. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">One or more working members of our family are presently unemployed. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are things at home we need to do that we don\u2019t seem to get done. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We feel our family is a perfect success.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We own land or property besides our place of residence.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We seem to be so involved with work and\/or school activities that we don\u2019t spend enough time together as a family.* \u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We own (are buying) a home (single family\u201a condominium\u201a town home\u201a etc).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are times we do not feel a great deal of love and affection for each other. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If a close relative were ha\u200eving financial problems we feel we could afford to help them out.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Friends seem to enjoy coming to our house for visits.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We feel we have a good retirement income program.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When we make plans we are almost certain we can make them work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In our family we understand what help we expect from each other.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We seem to have little or no trouble paying bills on time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Our relatives seem to take from us\u201a but give little in return. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We would have no problem getting a loan at a bank if we wanted one.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We feel we have enough money on have to cover small unexpected expenses (under $100).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When we face a problem\u201a we look at the good and bad of each possible solution.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The member(s) who earn our family income have good employee benefits (such as paid insurance\u201a stocks\u201a car\u201a education\u201a etc.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">No matter what happens to us\u201a we try to look at the bright side of things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We feel we are able to get out to eat occasionally without hurting our budget.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We try to keep in touch with our relatives as much as possible.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It seems that we need more life insurance than we have. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In our family\u201a it is \u2018okay\u2019 for members to show positive feelings about each other.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We feel we are able to make financial contributions to a good cause (needy people\u201a church\u201a etc.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We seem to be happier with our lives than many families we know.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is \u2018okay\u2019 for family members to express sadness\u201a by crying\u201a even in front of others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When we need something that can\u2019t be postponed\u201a we have money in savings to cover it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We discuss our decisions with other family members before carrying them out.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Our relative(s) are willing to listen to your problems.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We worry about how we would cover a large unexpected bill (for home\u201a auto repairs\u201a for about $100)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We get great satisfaction when we can help one another in our family.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In our family we feel it is important to save for the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The working members of our family seem to be respected by their co-workers.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We have written checks knowing there was not enough money in the account to cover it. *<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The members of our family respect one another.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We save our extra spending money for special things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We feel confident that if our main bread winner lost his\/her job (s)he could find another one.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Members of our family are encouraged to have their own interests and abilities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Our relatives do and say things that make us feel appreciated.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The members of our family are known to be good citizens and neighbors. [The members of our family are encouraged to have their own interests and abilities.]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We make an effort to help our relatives when we can.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">We feel we are financially better off now than we were 5 years ago.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;Inventaire des ressources familiales pour la gestion (FIRM) est un outil psychom\u00e9trique de 69 items \u00e9valuant les forces, le bien-\u00eatre financier, le soutien social et les capacit\u00e9s d&rsquo;adaptation des familles selon le mod\u00e8le Double ABC-X.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[3,6248,2],"tags":[14303,21812,12294,21810,643,20905,21178,21811,21195,505],"class_list":["post-14147","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-psychologie-clinique","category-psychologie-familiale","category-psychometrie","tag-bien-etre-financier","tag-double-abc-x","tag-evaluation-systemique","tag-firm","tag-gestion-du-stress","tag-mccubbin","tag-resilience-familiale","tag-ressources-familiales","tag-sante-familiale","tag-soutien-social"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/14147\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}