{"id":13848,"date":"2026-10-04T10:44:42","date_gmt":"2026-10-04T10:44:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/echelle-des-sous-dimensions-des-relations-familiales\/"},"modified":"2026-10-04T10:44:42","modified_gmt":"2026-10-04T10:44:42","slug":"echelle-des-sous-dimensions-des-relations-familiales","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=echelle-des-sous-dimensions-des-relations-familiales","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chelle des sous-dimensions des relations familiales"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>\u00c9chelle des sous-dimensions des relations familiales<\/strong> (initialement document\u00e9e en contexte latino-am\u00e9ricain sous l&rsquo;appellation d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des sous-dimensions du fonctionnement relationnel familial) constitue un instrument psychom\u00e9trique multidimensionnel con\u00e7u pour \u00e9valuer les dynamiques syst\u00e9miques complexes r\u00e9gissant les familles biparentales compos\u00e9es de plusieurs enfants. Compos\u00e9 de 60 items administr\u00e9s sous forme de questionnaire auto-rapport\u00e9, cet outil mesure cinq dimensions fondamentales du fonctionnement familial : la r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes et la responsabilit\u00e9, le travail d&rsquo;\u00e9quipe parental et l&rsquo;expression affective, la n\u00e9gociation des r\u00e8gles, des routines et la qualit\u00e9 des relations sexuelles parentales, la communication, l&#8217;empathie, les valeurs et principes, ainsi que le maintien des hi\u00e9rarchies et des fronti\u00e8res g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelles.<\/p>\n<p>Le syst\u00e8me de cotation s&rsquo;appuie principalement sur une \u00e9chelle ordinale pond\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 quatre points (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement cod\u00e9e de 0 \u00e0 2, avec des modalit\u00e9s telles que <em>Toujours = 2<\/em>, <em>Parfois = 1<\/em>, <em>Rarement = 1<\/em>, <em>Jamais = 0<\/em>, compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par une cat\u00e9gorie de valeur manquante structur\u00e9e <em>Ne s&rsquo;applique pas = [.]<\/em> pour les foyers monoparentaux ou les enfants uniques). Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques \u00e9tablies lors des \u00e9tudes de validation d\u00e9montrent une coh\u00e9rence interne exceptionnelle. Les coefficients <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">Alpha de Cronbach<\/a> rapport\u00e9s pour les sous-\u00e9chelles s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnent de 0,74 pour le maintien des hi\u00e9rarchies \u00e0 0,96 pour le travail d&rsquo;\u00e9quipe parental et l&rsquo;expression affective, attestant d&rsquo;une robustesse m\u00e9thodologique remarquable.<\/p>\n<p>Cet instrument s&rsquo;adresse tant aux chercheurs en <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_de_la_famille\">psychologie de la famille<\/a> qu&rsquo;aux cliniciens sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9rapie_syst%C3%A9mique\">th\u00e9rapie syst\u00e9mique<\/a>. Il permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir un profil diagnostic fin des forces et des dysfonctionnements interactifs, facilitant le ciblage d&rsquo;interventions th\u00e9rapeutiques adapt\u00e9es aux probl\u00e9matiques de d\u00e9linquance juv\u00e9nile, de conflits conjugaux et d&rsquo;incongruence \u00e9ducative.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Relations familiales, Fonctionnement familial, Th\u00e9rapie syst\u00e9mique, \u00c9valuation psychom\u00e9trique, Hi\u00e9rarchie familiale, R\u00e9solution de conflits, Coparentalit\u00e9, Communication empathique, Syst\u00e8mes familiaux, Psychologie clinique<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrumentation et les adaptations psychom\u00e9triques associ\u00e9es \u00e0 cette \u00e9chelle reposent sur les travaux fondamentaux de chercheurs et cliniciens issus de la tradition syst\u00e9mique et des recherches en sant\u00e9 publique men\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s des populations hispanophones et latino-am\u00e9ricaines :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mar\u00eda Cristina Melgarejo<\/strong> \u2014 Psychologue clinicienne et chercheuse en th\u00e9rapie familiale, dipl\u00f4m\u00e9e de Crisol, <em>Centro de Posgrado en Terapia Familiar<\/em>, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexique. Responsable de la conceptualisation empirique, de la construction m\u00e9trique et de la validation de la structure factorielle de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation du fonctionnement familial.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lynelle Yingling<\/strong> \u2014 Th\u00e9rapeute conjugale et familiale agr\u00e9\u00e9e, co-auteure du <em>Global Assessment of Relational Functioning<\/em> (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Assessment_of_Relational_Functioning\">GARF<\/a>), dont les cadres th\u00e9oriques sur la comp\u00e9tence relationnelle, la n\u00e9gociation des fronti\u00e8res et l&rsquo;organisation hi\u00e9rarchique ont servi de matrice conceptuelle \u00e0 cet instrument.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Organisation Panam\u00e9ricaine de la Sant\u00e9 (OPS \/ PAHO)<\/strong> \u2014 Groupe de travail sur la jeunesse et la famille latino-am\u00e9ricaine, ayant compil\u00e9 et diffus\u00e9 l&rsquo;outil au sein du recueil m\u00e9thodologique <em>Latino Families and Youth: A Compendium of Assessment Tools<\/em> pour promouvoir la standardisation de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation familiale en Am\u00e9rique latine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle des sous-dimensions des relations familiales a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise au point afin de combler un d\u00e9ficit majeur dans la m\u00e9trologie des dynamiques familiales : le manque d&rsquo;instruments capables de capturer simultan\u00e9ment le sous-syst\u00e8me conjugal, le sous-syst\u00e8me parental, le sous-syst\u00e8me fraternel et l&rsquo;\u00e9cologie globale du foyer. Son objectif premier est de quantifier le degr\u00e9 de fonctionnalit\u00e9 ou de dysfonctionnement des processus relationnels au sein du syst\u00e8me familial.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les contextes de recherche clinique et de sant\u00e9 publique, comprendre les m\u00e9canismes relationnels intrafamiliaux est indispensable pour analyser l&rsquo;\u00e9tiologie de divers troubles psychopathologiques chez l&rsquo;enfant et l&rsquo;adolescent, tels que les troubles du comportement, les conduites addictives, la d\u00e9pression ou l&rsquo;\u00e9chec scolaire. L&rsquo;instrument permet de mod\u00e9liser l&rsquo;impact direct et indirect des pratiques \u00e9ducatives parentales, de la gestion des fronti\u00e8res conjugales et de la communication \u00e9motionnelle sur le d\u00e9veloppement psychoaffectif des membres du foyer.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan pratique et clinique, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle offre aux th\u00e9rapeutes de famille une cartographie d\u00e9taill\u00e9e des zones de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et de r\u00e9silience. Contrairement aux mesures globales qui ne fournissent qu&rsquo;un score indiff\u00e9renci\u00e9 d&rsquo;ambiance familiale, cette \u00e9chelle isole des domaines critiques comme la sym\u00e9trie de l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 parentale, l&rsquo;exposition des enfants aux conflits violents, la satisfaction sexuelle des g\u00e9niteurs (un indicateur souvent n\u00e9glig\u00e9 de la stabilit\u00e9 du couple) et le soutien apport\u00e9 par les pairs au sein de la fratrie. Cette granularit\u00e9 clinique permet de formuler des objectifs th\u00e9rapeutiques op\u00e9rationnels, d&rsquo;adapter les contrats d&rsquo;intervention comportementale et d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer objectivement l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des th\u00e9rapies familiales longitudinales.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit psychologique op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9 par cet instrument est le <strong>fonctionnement relationnel familial<\/strong>, con\u00e7u comme une entit\u00e9 dynamique compos\u00e9e de cinq sous-dimensions interd\u00e9pendantes :<\/p>\n<h3>1. R\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes et responsabilit\u00e9 (Problem solving and responsibility)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value l&rsquo;aptitude de la famille \u00e0 identifier les difficult\u00e9s \u00e9mergentes, \u00e0 formuler des strat\u00e9gies alternatives et \u00e0 assigner les responsabilit\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quitable sans recourir au d\u00e9ni, \u00e0 la violence verbale ou aux ch\u00e2timents corporels. Elle explore \u00e9galement la fa\u00e7on dont les conflits entre enfants sont r\u00e9gul\u00e9s par les parents et la mani\u00e8re dont les membres du foyer coop\u00e8rent face \u00e0 des stresseurs environnementaux ou financiers.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Travail d&rsquo;\u00e9quipe parental et expression affective (Parental teamwork and expressing affection)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle mesure la coh\u00e9sion de l&rsquo;alliance parentale (coparentalit\u00e9), la r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9 du soutien affectif entre conjoints en cas de maladie ou d&rsquo;\u00e9preuve, et la libert\u00e9 accord\u00e9e \u00e0 chaque individu d&rsquo;exprimer des \u00e9motions positives et n\u00e9gatives. Elle capture la perception d&rsquo;\u00eatre aim\u00e9, accept\u00e9 et respect\u00e9, fondement de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d&rsquo;attachement intrafamiliale.<\/p>\n<h3>3. N\u00e9gociation des r\u00e8gles, routines et qualit\u00e9 des relations sexuelles (Negotiating rules and routines and quality of sexual relations)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante examine la flexibilit\u00e9 structurelle du foyer, notamment la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier les r\u00e8gles et \u00e0 distribuer \u00e9quitablement les t\u00e2ches domestiques en fonction de l&rsquo;\u00e2ge des enfants. De fa\u00e7on novatrice, elle int\u00e8gre un module confidentiel r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux parents \u00e9valuant la communication sexuelle, l&rsquo;absence de jugement et la satisfaction \u00e9rotique mutuelle, reconnaissant l&rsquo;intimit\u00e9 conjugale comme une fronti\u00e8re protectrice contre la triangulation parent-enfant.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Communication, empathie, valeurs et principes (Communication, empathy, values, and principles)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce domaine \u00e9value la fluidit\u00e9 et la clart\u00e9 des \u00e9changes verbaux et non-verbaux, la capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9coute empathique et le degr\u00e9 de congruence cognitive de la famille autour de principes moraux explicites. Il mesure si les valeurs familiales sont comprises, partag\u00e9es et illustr\u00e9es par des comportements concrets chez les enfants et les parents.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Maintien des hi\u00e9rarchies et des fronti\u00e8res (Maintenance of hierarchies)<\/h3>\n<p>Ancr\u00e9e dans la psychologie syst\u00e9mique structurale, cette dimension \u00e9value la clart\u00e9 des limites g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelles. Elle v\u00e9rifie si les parents maintiennent une autorit\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutive conjointe sans parentification des enfants, et s&rsquo;ils pr\u00e9servent des espaces d&rsquo;autonomie individuelle et conjugale \u00e9tanches vis-\u00e0-vis du sous-syst\u00e8me des enfants.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;assise th\u00e9orique de l&rsquo;instrument s&rsquo;enracine au confluent de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9orie_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_syst%C3%A8mes\">th\u00e9orie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des syst\u00e8mes<\/a> de Ludwig von Bertalanffy et du mod\u00e8le structural de la th\u00e9rapie familiale d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salvador_Minuchin\">Salvador Minuchin<\/a>. Selon l&rsquo;approche minuchinienne, une famille fonctionnelle n&rsquo;est pas exempte de conflits, mais se caract\u00e9rise par une structure organisationnelle claire articul\u00e9e autour de sous-syst\u00e8mes diff\u00e9renci\u00e9s (individuel, conjugal, parental, fraternel) s\u00e9par\u00e9s par des fronti\u00e8res claires et semi-perm\u00e9ables.<\/p>\n<p>Dans cette perspective, les pathologies relationnelles \u00e9mergent lorsque les fronti\u00e8res deviennent soit excessivement rigides (conduisant au d\u00e9sengagement affectif et au manque d&#8217;empathie), soit excessivement diffuses (provoquant l&rsquo;enchev\u00eatrement, les coalitions interg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelles et la parentification des enfants). L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle int\u00e8gre sp\u00e9cifiquement ces postulats \u00e0 travers des items sondant l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance des espaces des parents, la non-intrusion des enfants dans l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 d\u00e9cisionnelle et la solidarit\u00e9 du sous-syst\u00e8me fraternel.<\/p>\n<p>Parall\u00e8lement, l&rsquo;outil s&rsquo;inspire du mod\u00e8le circonplexe de David Olson (FACES) concernant l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre entre coh\u00e9sion et adaptabilit\u00e9, ainsi que de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation globale du fonctionnement relationnel (GARF &#8211; <em>Global Assessment of Relational Functioning<\/em>), codifi\u00e9e par Yingling et ses collaborateurs. Le GARF \u00e9value trois axes majeurs : la r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes, l&rsquo;organisation structurelle et le climat \u00e9motionnel. L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle des sous-dimensions des relations familiales op\u00e9rationnalise ces dimensions cliniques abstraites sous la forme de comportements interactifs pr\u00e9cis, observables et quantifiables.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Les proc\u00e9dures de validation empirique men\u00e9es par Melgarejo (2008) et document\u00e9es dans les monographies de l&rsquo;OPS confirment des indices de validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique substantiels :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Validit\u00e9 de contenu :<\/strong> Les items ont \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;entretiens cliniques approfondis et soumis \u00e0 un panel de juges experts en th\u00e9rapie familiale syst\u00e9mique. Le coefficient de validit\u00e9 de contenu (CVC) a d\u00e9pass\u00e9 le seuil de 0,85 pour l&rsquo;ensemble des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s retenus, attestant de leur repr\u00e9sentativit\u00e9 clinique et culturelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Validit\u00e9 de construit :<\/strong> Confirm\u00e9e par l&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation factorielle et la capacit\u00e9 des sous-\u00e9chelles \u00e0 diff\u00e9rencier nettement les groupes familiaux \u00ab fonctionnels \u00bb (recrut\u00e9s en population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale) des familles \u00ab cliniques \u00bb (orient\u00e9es vers des services m\u00e9dico-sociaux pour violences intrafamiliales ou troubles des conduites). Les scores globaux et sectoriels d\u00e9montrent des diff\u00e9rences statistiquement significatives ($p < 0,001$) entre les deux cohortes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Validit\u00e9 convergente et concurrente :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument d\u00e9montre des corr\u00e9lations positives \u00e9lev\u00e9es et significatives (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,68\">$r = 0,68$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,81\">$r = 0,81$<\/span>) avec le GARF ainsi qu&rsquo;avec des mesures standardis\u00e9es de climat social familial (FES de Moos). Inversement, des corr\u00e9lations n\u00e9gatives robustes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es avec les \u00e9chelles de d\u00e9tresse psychologique et d&rsquo;agressivit\u00e9 verbale au sein du couple.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Validit\u00e9 discriminante :<\/strong> Les analyses multivari\u00e9es confirment que la sous-\u00e9chelle du maintien des hi\u00e9rarchies mesure un construit ind\u00e9pendant de l&rsquo;expression affective pure, emp\u00eachant la confusion conceptuelle entre rigidit\u00e9 normative et chaleur relationnelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle des sous-dimensions des relations familiales met en \u00e9vidence des coefficients de coh\u00e9rence interne parmi les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s de la litt\u00e9rature psychom\u00e9trique familiale :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes et responsabilit\u00e9 :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,95\">$\\alpha = 0,95$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Travail d&rsquo;\u00e9quipe parental et expression affective :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,96\">$\\alpha = 0,96$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>N\u00e9gociation des r\u00e8gles, routines et sexualit\u00e9 :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,94\">$\\alpha = 0,94$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Communication, empathie, valeurs et principes :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,92\">$\\alpha = 0,92$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Maintien des hi\u00e9rarchies :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,74\">$\\alpha = 0,74$<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo;indice global de consistance interne calcul\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;ensemble de la batterie d&rsquo;items atteint un coefficient alpha sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 0,96. La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 temporelle test-retest, \u00e9valu\u00e9e sur un sous-\u00e9chantillon de familles non-cliniques \u00e0 un intervalle de quatre semaines, a fourni un coefficient de corr\u00e9lation intra-classe (CCI) de 0,87, d\u00e9montrant une stabilit\u00e9 temporelle satisfaisante en l&rsquo;absence de transitions de vie critiques ou d&rsquo;interventions th\u00e9rapeutiques majeures.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>La validation structurale de l&rsquo;instrument a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE) sur un \u00e9chantillon repr\u00e9sentatif de familles biparentales, suivie de v\u00e9rifications confirmatoires (AFC) :<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;AFE, ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de l&rsquo;extraction par factorisation en axes principaux suivie d&rsquo;une rotation oblimin directe (supposant une intercorr\u00e9lation naturelle entre les dimensions syst\u00e9miques du fonctionnement familial), a initialement extrait cinq facteurs principaux poss\u00e9dant des valeurs propres (<em>eigenvalues<\/em>) sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 1,5. Cette solution \u00e0 cinq composantes explique plus de 62 % de la variance totale des scores.<\/p>\n<p>Les saturations factorielles individuelles des items se sont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9es robustes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les items relatifs \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution des conflits (items 16 \u00e0 20) pr\u00e9sentent des saturations comprises entre 0,65 et 0,84 sur le premier facteur.<\/li>\n<li>Les items \u00e9valuant le soutien mutuel, la tendresse et la valorisation (items 36 \u00e0 45, 51 \u00e0 55) saturent entre 0,61 et 0,88 sur le facteur de coop\u00e9ration parentale et d&rsquo;affection.<\/li>\n<li>Les \u00e9nonc\u00e9s explorant l&rsquo;intimit\u00e9 conjugale (items 56 \u00e0 60) et les arrangements contractuels (items 4 et 5) se regroupent de mani\u00e8re homog\u00e8ne sur le troisi\u00e8me facteur (saturations de 0,58 \u00e0 0,82).<\/li>\n<li>Le facteur des hi\u00e9rarchies (items 31 \u00e0 35) pr\u00e9sente des saturations plus mod\u00e9r\u00e9es mais statistiquement solides (0,48 \u00e0 0,71), expliquant son coefficient alpha l\u00e9g\u00e8rement inf\u00e9rieur (0,74), ce qui refl\u00e8te la complexit\u00e9 inh\u00e9rente \u00e0 la mesure de l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 parentale dans les contextes contemporains.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Questionnaire auto-rapport\u00e9 sur support papier-crayon ou interface num\u00e9rique s\u00e9curis\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Con\u00e7u sp\u00e9cifiquement pour les familles biparentales comptant au moins deux enfants. Une version adapt\u00e9e aux parents isol\u00e9s utilise la modalit\u00e9 valeur manquante.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 60 items. Les items 1 \u00e0 55 s&rsquo;adressent \u00e0 l&rsquo;ensemble des r\u00e9pondants du foyer en \u00e2ge de r\u00e9pondre (adolescents et adultes) ou aux parents observant la dynamique collective ; les items 56 \u00e0 60 sont r\u00e9serv\u00e9s exclusivement aux figures parentales\/conjugales.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse par d\u00e9faut :<\/strong> Les items ne disposant pas d&rsquo;ancrages textuels sp\u00e9cifiques sont cot\u00e9s sur une \u00e9chelle ordinale pond\u00e9r\u00e9e :\n<ul>\n<li>a. Toujours [2]<\/li>\n<li>b. Parfois [1]<\/li>\n<li>c. Rarement [1]<\/li>\n<li>d. Jamais [0]<\/li>\n<li>e. Ne s&rsquo;applique pas [.] (valeur manquante structur\u00e9e pour foyers monoparentaux ou enfants uniques)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiques :<\/strong> Certains items (ex. 1, 2, 16, 18, 19, 20, 28, 29, 47, 50) comportent des options cat\u00e9gorielles adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 la situation relationnelle cot\u00e9es de 0 \u00e0 2.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e8gles de cotation et scores :<\/strong> Les scores sont somm\u00e9s par dimension. Des scores plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s traduisent une meilleure fonctionnalit\u00e9 syst\u00e9mique, une r\u00e9solution pacifique des conflits et une r\u00e9partition \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e du pouvoir au sein du foyer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9veloppement :<\/strong> 2008 (th\u00e8se de ma\u00eetrise de M. C. Melgarejo), consolid\u00e9e et diffus\u00e9e ult\u00e9rieurement dans les compilations internationales de sant\u00e9 publique (PAHO\/OPS).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> Domaine acad\u00e9mique et sant\u00e9 publique. L&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 disposition dans le domaine public \u00e0 des fins d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation clinique et de recherche non commerciale via les publications ouvertes de l&rsquo;Organisation Panam\u00e9ricaine de la Sant\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Gratuit pour une utilisation clinique, universitaire et de recherche scientifique non commerciale. Toute reproduction dans un logiciel commercial propri\u00e9taire n\u00e9cessite l&rsquo;autorisation formelle pr\u00e9alable des d\u00e9tenteurs des droits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Melgarejo, M. C. (2008). <em>Construcci\u00f3n y validaci\u00f3n de una escala que mide funcionamiento familiar<\/em> (Tesis de Maestr\u00eda en Terapia Familiar). Crisol, Centro de Posgrado en Terapia Familiar, Cuernavaca, Morelos, M\u00e9xico.<\/li>\n<li>Minuchin, S. (1974). <em>Families and Family Therapy<\/em>. Harvard University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4159\/9780674041127\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4159\/9780674041127<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Olson, D. H. (2000). Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems. <em>Journal of Family Therapy<\/em>, 22(2), 144\u2013167. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-6427.00144\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-6427.00144<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pan American Health Organization. (2010). <em>Latino Families and Youth: A Compendium of Assessment Tools<\/em> (pp. 46\u201353). PAHO Headquarters. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.paho.org\/\">https:\/\/www.paho.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Yingling, L. C., Miller, W. E., McDonald, A. L., &#038; Galewaler, S. T. (1998). <em>GARF Assessment Sourcebook: Using the Global Assessment of Relational Functioning Axis in Clinical Practice<\/em>. Routledge. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203766156\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203766156<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Who makes the rules in the house?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When father makes a rule\u201a can it be broken?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Are the rules made by mother more important than the rules made by father?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When there is disagreement about a rule\u201a can it be negotiated?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Are household tasks distributed fairly among all family members\u201a considering the ages of the children?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When father arrives home from work\u201a is he willing to talk with everyone in the family?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When mother is very busy with household tasks\u201a does she allow the children to come to her if they have a problem?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When everyone in the family is at home\u201a is it possible to converse calmly?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Is there a harmonious climate in the home?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Is there tension in the home?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">To what extent do family members communicate empathetically?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When mother is at home\u201a does she communicate in the same way with each of her children?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When father arrives home from work\u201a does he communicate with mother?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Does father communicate in the same way with all the children?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much communication is there between siblings in the family?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When there is a problem in the family\u201a what do father and mother do?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How often do conflicts occur in the family?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What does father do when there is a conflict between the children?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What does mother do when there is a conflict between the children?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How do father and mother discuss issues?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do the parents have their own space in the house\u201a separate from the children?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do father and mother engage in activities outside the home in which the children are not involved?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Can father engage in activities other than work in which mother and the children are not involved?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Can mother engage in activities outside the home in which father and the children are not involved?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Can the children engage in activities that do not involve father and mother?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Does father respect and enforce the disciplinary limits that mother establishes?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Does mother respect and enforce the disciplinary limits that father establishes?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">On whom can mother rely for support when there are problems?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">On whom can father rely for support when there are problems?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When there are conflicts between siblings\u201a do they rely on themselves to find a solution?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do mother and father have the same level of authority in the household?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do mother\u2019s and father\u2019s opinions have the same influence in decision-making?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Are mother\u2019s decisions more important than those of father?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When conflicts occur\u201a are the consequences the responsibility of mother and father equally?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Does any child in the family have the same level of authority as father and mother?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Can mother openly express her feelings?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Can father openly express his feelings?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Can every child express his\/her feelings\u201a whether positive or negative?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Are feelings expressed openly within the family?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When there is a conflict in the family\u201a can every member express his\/her feelings openly?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If mother is ill\u201a does she receive care and support from father?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If father is ill\u201a does he receive care and support from mother?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do the children support father and mother when the parents have a problem?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When the siblings have problems\u201a do they support each other?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do all members of the family feel equally supported?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do mother and father agree on the principles that govern this family?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do the children understand the values that govern this family?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Are the important values and principles for this family explained clearly\u201a with examples?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do all members of this family feel committed to its values and principles?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Is important in this family to have values and principles?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Does mother feel loved and supported by father?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Does father feel loved and supported by mother?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do the children feel loved\u201a accepted\u201a and respected in this family?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Does mother feel respected by father?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Does father feel respected by mother?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Does mother feel free to express to father what pleases her sexually?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Does father feel satisfied sexually?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Can father and mother communicate about sex without fear of being judged by the other?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Does mother feel satisfied sexually?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Does anyone in the family speak freely with the children about sexuality?<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle des sous-dimensions des relations familiales est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique de 60 items \u00e9valuant le fonctionnement familial : r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes, communication, hi\u00e9rarchies, coparentalit\u00e9 et sexualit\u00e9 du couple.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[31,20606,2],"tags":[21214,21146,63,21213,16,5808,9744],"class_list":["post-13848","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-psychologiques","category-psychologie-de-la-famille","category-psychometrie","tag-communication-familiale","tag-coparentalite","tag-evaluation-psychologique","tag-hierarchie-familiale","tag-psychometrie","tag-relations-familiales","tag-therapie-systemique"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/13848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13848"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/13848\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13848"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}