{"id":13212,"date":"2026-10-03T17:40:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T17:40:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/echelle-d-orientation-vers-la-sante-hos\/"},"modified":"2026-10-03T17:40:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T17:40:52","slug":"echelle-d-orientation-vers-la-sante-hos","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=echelle-d-orientation-vers-la-sante-hos","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;orientation vers la sant\u00e9 (HOS)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;orientation vers la sant\u00e9<\/strong> (<em>Health Orientation Scale<\/em>, HOS), \u00e9labor\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_E._Snell_Jr.\">William E. Snell Jr.<\/a>, Gary Johnson, P. Jay Lloyd et William Hoover en 1991, constitue un instrument psychom\u00e9trique multidimensionnel con\u00e7u pour \u00e9valuer un ensemble \u00e9tendu de tendances cognitives, affectives, motivationnelles et comportementales associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 physique individuelle. L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle repose sur le postulat que les conduites de sant\u00e9 et la gestion du bien-\u00eatre corporel ne rel\u00e8vent pas uniquement de connaissances m\u00e9dicales objectives, mais s&rsquo;enracinent dans un syst\u00e8me complexe de repr\u00e9sentations de soi, de motivations intrins\u00e8ques et extrins\u00e8ques, de croyances d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 et de styles attributionnels.<\/p>\n<p>Le questionnaire est compos\u00e9 de <strong>50 items<\/strong> auto-rapport\u00e9s r\u00e9partis \u00e9quitablement en <strong>10 sous-\u00e9chelles de 5 items chacune<\/strong> : (1) la conscience personnelle de la sant\u00e9 (<em>Personal Health Consciousness<\/em>), (2) la pr\u00e9occupation quant \u00e0 l&rsquo;image de sant\u00e9 (<em>Health Image Concern<\/em>), (3) l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 (<em>Health Anxiety<\/em>), (4) l&rsquo;estime de soi et la confiance en sa sant\u00e9 (<em>Health-Esteem and Confidence<\/em>), (5) la motivation \u00e0 \u00e9viter la d\u00e9gradation physique (<em>Motivation to Avoid Unhealthiness<\/em>), (6) la motivation proactive pour la sant\u00e9 (<em>Motivation for Healthiness<\/em>), (7) le contr\u00f4le interne de la sant\u00e9 (<em>Health Internal Control<\/em>), (8) le contr\u00f4le externe de la sant\u00e9 (<em>Health External Control<\/em>), (9) les attentes futures relatives \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 (<em>Health Expectations<\/em>), et (10) le statut de sant\u00e9 physique per\u00e7u (<em>Health Status<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Les participants r\u00e9pondent au moyen d&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle de r\u00e9ponse en 5 points allant de \u00ab Pas du tout caract\u00e9ristique de moi \u00bb \u00e0 \u00ab Tr\u00e8s caract\u00e9ristique de moi \u00bb. Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, les \u00e9tudes initiales et les r\u00e9plications ult\u00e9rieures d\u00e9montrent des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s robustes : la consistance interne de la majorit\u00e9 des sous-\u00e9chelles pr\u00e9sente des coefficients alpha de Cronbach variant entre 0,66 et 0,86 selon les populations \u00e9tudi\u00e9es, avec une stabilit\u00e9 temporelle satisfaisante lors de passations test-retest. La structure factorielle a \u00e9t\u00e9 corrobor\u00e9e par des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires, d\u00e9montrant une validit\u00e9 de construit remarquable ainsi qu&rsquo;une valeur pr\u00e9dictive notable vis-\u00e0-vis des comportements pr\u00e9ventifs, de l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion th\u00e9rapeutique, de l&rsquo;exercice physique et de la d\u00e9tresse psychologique.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;orientation vers la sant\u00e9, psychologie de la sant\u00e9, comportements de sant\u00e9, lieu de contr\u00f4le de la sant\u00e9, anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 pour la sant\u00e9, conscience corporelle, motivation pr\u00e9ventive, psychom\u00e9trie, \u00e9valuation multidimensionnelle, promotion de la sant\u00e9, auto-\u00e9valuation, m\u00e9decine comportementale.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et valid\u00e9 par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs en psychologie clinique et sociale de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 Southeast Missouri State University (\u00c9tats-Unis) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>William E. Snell, Jr., Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychologie au D\u00e9partement de psychologie de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/semo.edu\/\">Southeast Missouri State University<\/a> (Cape Girardeau, Missouri, \u00c9tats-Unis). Sp\u00e9cialiste renomm\u00e9 de la psychologie de la personnalit\u00e9, des dynamiques interpersonnelles, de la sexualit\u00e9 humaine et de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychologique multidimensionnelle. Auteur de nombreuses \u00e9chelles valid\u00e9es, notamment dans le domaine de la conscience de soi et de l&rsquo;orientation corporelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gary Johnson, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Chercheur associ\u00e9 au D\u00e9partement de psychologie de la Southeast Missouri State University. Contributions majeures aux m\u00e9thodologies quantitatives, au design exp\u00e9rimental et \u00e0 l&rsquo;analyse factorielle appliqu\u00e9e aux sciences du comportement.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P. Jay Lloyd, M.A.<\/strong> : Chercheur en psychologie sociale et clinique, collaborateur r\u00e9gulier des projets de recherche sur les croyances relatives \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 et les d\u00e9terminants dispositionnels des habitudes de vie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>William Hoover, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Psychologue chercheur affili\u00e9 aux programmes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la sant\u00e9 mentale et de l&rsquo;\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie comportementale \u00e0 la Southeast Missouri State University.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Correspondance institutionnelle historique : Department of Psychology, Southeast Missouri State University, One University Plaza, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;orientation vers la sant\u00e9 est de fournir aux chercheurs et aux praticiens de la sant\u00e9 un profil psychologique exhaustif, nuanc\u00e9 et multidimensionnel des dispositions individuelles vis-\u00e0-vis du corps et du fonctionnement somatique. Historiquement, de nombreux instruments en <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_de_la_sant%C3%A9\">psychologie de la sant\u00e9<\/a> se sont focalis\u00e9s sur une facette isol\u00e9e : soit uniquement le lieu de contr\u00f4le (par exemple, la <em>Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale<\/em> de Wallston), soit uniquement l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 hypocondriaque, soit encore les connaissances factuelles sur les maladies. Snell et ses collaborateurs ont con\u00e7u l&rsquo;HOS pour surmonter cette parcellisation th\u00e9orique en int\u00e9grant sous une m\u00eame matrice psychom\u00e9trique des variables cognitives, affectives et motivationnelles.<\/p>\n<h3>Applications en recherche<\/h3>\n<p>Dans le domaine de la recherche empirique, l&rsquo;HOS sert d&rsquo;outil diagnostique et descriptif pour :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c9tudier les corr\u00e9lats de personnalit\u00e9 associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la long\u00e9vit\u00e9, \u00e0 la pratique r\u00e9guli\u00e8re d&rsquo;exercices physiques et \u00e0 l&rsquo;alimentation saine.<\/li>\n<li>Examiner les processus de prise de d\u00e9cision m\u00e9dicale, notamment les d\u00e9lais de consultation face \u00e0 des sympt\u00f4mes ambigus (influence conjointe de la conscience corporelle et de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de sant\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li>Explorer les diff\u00e9rences interindividuelles li\u00e9es au genre, \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge ou aux contextes socioculturels concernant l&rsquo;image corporelle publique versus la vigilance int\u00e9roceptive priv\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li>Tester des mod\u00e8les th\u00e9oriques int\u00e9gr\u00e9s de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A9decine_comportementale\">m\u00e9decine comportementale<\/a> (mod\u00e8les de croyances de sant\u00e9, th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;autod\u00e9termination, th\u00e9ories sociocognitives).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Applications cliniques et promotion de la sant\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>En pratique clinique, dans les centres de r\u00e9adaptation cardiovasculaire, d&rsquo;oncologie ou de gestion des maladies chroniques (comme le diab\u00e8te de type 2), l&rsquo;HOS permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir des profils de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 ou de r\u00e9silience. Un individu pr\u00e9sentant un score tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 en anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de sant\u00e9 associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un lieu de contr\u00f4le externe et \u00e0 une faible estime de sant\u00e9 risque de d\u00e9velopper une observance erratique, oscillant entre comportements d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement et sollicitations m\u00e9dicales excessives. Inversement, rep\u00e9rer une forte motivation \u00e0 \u00e9viter la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration physique en l&rsquo;absence de motivation proactive positive permet d&rsquo;adapter les interventions d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation th\u00e9rapeutique en renfor\u00e7ant l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;en s&rsquo;appuyant uniquement sur des messages alarmistes.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;HOS op\u00e9rationnalise la notion d&rsquo;\u00ab orientation vers la sant\u00e9 \u00bb non comme un trait unidimensionnel, mais comme une constellation de dix dimensions distinctes, chacune explorant un domaine psychologique sp\u00e9cifique appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 la sph\u00e8re corporelle.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Conscience personnelle de la sant\u00e9 (Personal Health Consciousness)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure le degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;attention, de focalisation et de vigilance int\u00e9roceptive qu&rsquo;un individu porte \u00e0 ses sensations physiques et \u00e0 son \u00e9tat physiologique interne. Les personnes obtenant un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 sont hautement sensibles aux moindres variations somatiques (fatigue, rythme cardiaque, fluctuations d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie) et per\u00e7oivent rapidement l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence d&rsquo;une perturbation corporelle.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Pr\u00e9occupation pour l&rsquo;image de sant\u00e9 (Health Image Concern)<\/h3>\n<p>Transposition de la conscience de soi publique au domaine somatique, cette \u00e9chelle capte l&rsquo;importance accord\u00e9e au regard d&rsquo;autrui sur sa propre sant\u00e9 physique et son apparence de vitalit\u00e9. Les individus avec un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 s&rsquo;inqui\u00e8tent de la fa\u00e7on dont leur vigueur, leur forme physique et leurs habitudes sont \u00e9valu\u00e9es socialement.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 (Health Anxiety)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante \u00e9value la d\u00e9tresse affective, l&rsquo;inqui\u00e9tude chronique, la nervosit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;inconfort psychologique suscit\u00e9s par la simple pens\u00e9e de sa condition physique. Elle touche \u00e0 des aspects sous-cliniques de l&rsquo;hypocondrie ou de la rumination somatique, sans n\u00e9cessairement impliquer une pathologie psychiatrique av\u00e9r\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Estime de soi et confiance envers la sant\u00e9 (Health-Esteem and Confidence)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension refl\u00e8te le sentiment de fiert\u00e9, d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue, d&rsquo;assurance et d&rsquo;auto-satisfaction quant \u00e0 la gestion et au fonctionnement de son corps. Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 d\u00e9note un optimisme robuste et la croyance sereine en sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9server son capital sant\u00e9 sans d\u00e9couragement.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Motivation \u00e0 \u00e9viter les conduites d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res (Motivation to Avoid Unhealthiness)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette \u00e9chelle capture une motivation d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement ax\u00e9e sur la pr\u00e9vention n\u00e9gative : le d\u00e9sir d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9 de ne pas tomber malade, d&rsquo;\u00e9viter les comportements nocifs (tabagisme, s\u00e9dentarit\u00e9 extr\u00eame, mauvaise alimentation) et de pr\u00e9venir la d\u00e9gradation physique.<\/p>\n<h3>6. Motivation proactive pour la sant\u00e9 (Motivation for Healthiness)<\/h3>\n<p>Contrairement \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9vitement, cette dimension repr\u00e9sente une motivation d&rsquo;approche orient\u00e9e vers l&rsquo;optimisation active du bien-\u00eatre. Elle quantifie la volont\u00e9 d&rsquo;investir des efforts substantiels, du temps et de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie pour atteindre une condition physique optimale et dynamique.<\/p>\n<h3>7. Contr\u00f4le interne de la sant\u00e9 (Health Internal Control)<\/h3>\n<p>Inspir\u00e9e des travaux sur le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lieu_de_contr%C3%B4le\">lieu de contr\u00f4le<\/a>, cette sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9value la croyance selon laquelle son propre \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 d\u00e9coule directement de ses actes, de ses choix d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9s, de ses comp\u00e9tences et de sa discipline personnelle.<\/p>\n<h3>8. Contr\u00f4le externe de la sant\u00e9 (Health External Control)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure l&rsquo;attribution de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 \u00e0 des facteurs incontr\u00f4lables tels que la chance, le hasard, les accidents ou la fatalit\u00e9. Les personnes ayant des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s estiment que leur condition physique est largement ind\u00e9pendante de leurs efforts propres.<\/p>\n<h3>9. Attentes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 (Health Expectations)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9value la valence (positive ou n\u00e9gative) des projections futures quant \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de sa sant\u00e9 physique. Elle discrimine l&rsquo;optimisme comparatif (anticiper une excellente sant\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme) du pessimisme sanitaire (anticiper une d\u00e9gradation pr\u00e9coce ou des maladies invalidantes).<\/p>\n<h3>10. Statut de sant\u00e9 per\u00e7u (Health Status)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette derni\u00e8re composante \u00e9value l&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation subjective globale de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat physique actuel, de l&rsquo;endurance, de la forme musculaire et du niveau d&rsquo;entra\u00eenement per\u00e7u par l&rsquo;individu au moment de la passation.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;HOS s&rsquo;articule \u00e0 la crois\u00e9e de trois cadres conceptuels majeurs de la psychologie contemporaine :<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie de la conscience de soi (Self-Awareness Theory)<\/h3>\n<p>D\u00e9velopp\u00e9e initialement par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-awareness\">Duval et Wicklund<\/a> puis formalis\u00e9e par Fenigstein, Scheier et Buss (1975), la th\u00e9orie de la conscience de soi postule une dichotomie fondamentale entre la <em>conscience de soi priv\u00e9e<\/em> (attention dirig\u00e9e vers les pens\u00e9es, \u00e9motions et sensations internes) et la <em>conscience de soi publique<\/em> (attention port\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;impression produite sur autrui). Snell et ses coll\u00e8gues ont transpos\u00e9 cette architecture au champ corporel : la sous-\u00e9chelle de \u00ab Conscience personnelle de la sant\u00e9 \u00bb op\u00e9rationnalise la conscience priv\u00e9e du corps, tandis que la \u00ab Pr\u00e9occupation pour l&rsquo;image de sant\u00e9 \u00bb traduit la composante publique.<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;apprentissage social et le lieu de contr\u00f4le (Social Learning Theory)<\/h3>\n<p>Formul\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julian_Rotter\">Julian Rotter<\/a> (1966) et raffin\u00e9e dans le champ sanitaire par Wallston et al. (1978), la th\u00e9orie du locus of control stipule que les comportements sont conditionn\u00e9s par l&rsquo;attente que le renforcement d\u00e9pende de son propre comportement (interne) ou de forces ext\u00e9rieures (externe \/ chance). L&rsquo;HOS int\u00e8gre simultan\u00e9ment le p\u00f4le interne et le p\u00f4le externe par deux sous-\u00e9chelles orthogonales, permettant d&rsquo;identifier des profils o\u00f9 l&rsquo;internat et l&rsquo;externat peuvent coexister de mani\u00e8re nuanc\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h3>Th\u00e9ories de la motivation d&rsquo;approche et d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement<\/h3>\n<p>Dans la lign\u00e9e des mod\u00e8les motivationnels d&rsquo;Elliot et de Higgins (th\u00e9orie du focus r\u00e9gulateur), l&rsquo;HOS distingue explicitement la motivation de promotion (recherche proactive de vitalit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;excellence somatique) et la motivation de pr\u00e9vention (volont\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9viter la morbidit\u00e9, le d\u00e9conditionnement et la souffrance). Cette distinction \u00e9vite l&rsquo;\u00e9cueil classique d&rsquo;un indice motivationnel global indiff\u00e9renci\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques de validit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;HOS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tay\u00e9es par l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de Snell et al. (1991) ainsi que par plusieurs vagues de r\u00e9plication ind\u00e9pendantes.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e en examinant les corr\u00e9lations th\u00e9oriquement attendues avec des mesures valid\u00e9es pr\u00e9existantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les sous-\u00e9chelles de <em>Contr\u00f4le interne<\/em> et de <em>Contr\u00f4le externe<\/em> corr\u00e8lent de fa\u00e7on significative et attendue avec la <em>Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale<\/em> (Wallston et al., 1978), confirmant que l&rsquo;HOS capture ad\u00e9quatement le style attributionnel sanitaire.<\/li>\n<li>La sous-\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;<em>Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9<\/em> pr\u00e9sente des corr\u00e9lations positives robustes (r compris entre 0,45 et 0,60, p &lt; 0,001) avec les \u00e9chelles de n\u00e9vrosisme (EPQ d&rsquo;Eysenck), le trait d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 du STAI et les mesures d&rsquo;affects n\u00e9gatifs du PANAS.<\/li>\n<li>La <em>Conscience personnelle de la sant\u00e9<\/em> est significativement associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de conscience de soi priv\u00e9e (Fenigstein et al., 1975) et aux mesures d&rsquo;int\u00e9roception physiologique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse d\u00e9montre que les 10 dimensions, bien que corr\u00e9l\u00e9es pour certaines (notamment la motivation proactive et la motivation pr\u00e9ventive), ne partagent pas une variance redondante. Par exemple, la pr\u00e9occupation pour l&rsquo;image de sant\u00e9 ne s&rsquo;explique pas uniquement par l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 globale, et l&rsquo;estime de sant\u00e9 se distingue nettement de l&rsquo;absence de sympt\u00f4mes rapport\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de crit\u00e8re et validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>Des travaux empiriques ont montr\u00e9 que les scores combin\u00e9s de l&rsquo;HOS pr\u00e9disent des crit\u00e8res comportementaux objectifs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s en <em>Motivation proactive<\/em> et en <em>Contr\u00f4le interne<\/em> pr\u00e9disent de mani\u00e8re hautement significative la fr\u00e9quence hebdomadaire des s\u00e9ances de sport a\u00e9robique et le suivi de r\u00e9gimes \u00e9quilibr\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li>Des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s en <em>Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de sant\u00e9<\/em> coupl\u00e9s \u00e0 un faible <em>Statut per\u00e7u<\/em> pr\u00e9disent le nombre de consultations m\u00e9dicales spontan\u00e9es sur une p\u00e9riode de 12 mois.<\/li>\n<li>La sous-\u00e9chelle <em>Motivation \u00e0 \u00e9viter la d\u00e9gradation<\/em> pr\u00e9dit de mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9rentielle les comportements d&rsquo;abstinence tabagique et la r\u00e9duction de la consommation d&rsquo;alcool.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;orientation vers la sant\u00e9 a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations rigoureuses portant sur l&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 interne et la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle.<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne (Alpha de Cronbach)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon initial de validation (Snell et al., 1991), constitu\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants et d&rsquo;adultes issus de la communaut\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (N = 397), les coefficients alpha de Cronbach obtenus pour chaque sous-\u00e9chelle de 5 items se sont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9s tr\u00e8s satisfaisants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Conscience personnelle de la sant\u00e9 :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,77 \u00e0 0,81<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e9occupation pour l&rsquo;image de sant\u00e9 :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,78 \u00e0 0,84<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,81 \u00e0 0,86<\/li>\n<li><strong>Estime de soi et confiance envers la sant\u00e9 :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,75 \u00e0 0,80<\/li>\n<li><strong>Motivation \u00e0 \u00e9viter les conduites d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,72 \u00e0 0,78<\/li>\n<li><strong>Motivation proactive pour la sant\u00e9 :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,79 \u00e0 0,83<\/li>\n<li><strong>Contr\u00f4le interne de la sant\u00e9 :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,73 \u00e0 0,79<\/li>\n<li><strong>Contr\u00f4le externe de la sant\u00e9 :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,69 \u00e0 0,75<\/li>\n<li><strong>Attentes en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,71 \u00e0 0,77<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut de sant\u00e9 per\u00e7u :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,76 \u00e0 0,82<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Toutes les sous-\u00e9chelles d\u00e9passent le seuil conventionnel acceptable de 0,70 (Nunnally, 1978), \u00e0 l&rsquo;exception occasionnelle du contr\u00f4le externe qui s&rsquo;\u00e9tablit aux alentours de 0,68-0,70 dans de petits \u00e9chantillons, ce qui demeure tr\u00e8s honorable pour des \u00e9chelles concises de 5 items seulement.<\/p>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 test-retest<\/h3>\n<p>Sur un sous-\u00e9chantillon r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9 \u00e0 un intervalle de quatre semaines, les corr\u00e9lations test-retest se sont \u00e9chelonn\u00e9es entre <strong>r = 0,68 et r = 0,84<\/strong> (p &lt; 0,001), attestant que l&rsquo;HOS capte des orientations dispositionnelles relativement stables dans le temps plut\u00f4t que de simples fluctuations d&rsquo;\u00e9tat \u00e9motionnel transitoire.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;instrument a suivi les canons m\u00e9thodologiques de la construction d&rsquo;\u00e9chelles psychom\u00e9triques.<\/p>\n<h3>Analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE)<\/h3>\n<p>Lors de la phase de conception, un pool \u00e9tendu d&rsquo;items a \u00e9t\u00e9 administr\u00e9 \u00e0 un \u00e9chantillon de d\u00e9veloppement. Une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) suivie d&rsquo;une rotation orthogonale Varimax (puis confirm\u00e9e sous rotation oblique Promax) a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e pour d\u00e9terminer la structure sous-jacente.<\/p>\n<p>Le crit\u00e8re de Kaiser-Guttman (valeurs propres sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 1) et le test du coude de Cattell (<em>scree plot<\/em>) ont nettement indiqu\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence de 10 facteurs majeurs expliquant collectivement plus de 58 % de la variance totale des r\u00e9ponses. Les r\u00e8gles d&rsquo;assignation des items \u00e9taient strictes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chaque item conserv\u00e9 devait pr\u00e9senter une saturation factorielle principale (<em>factor loading<\/em>) sup\u00e9rieure ou \u00e9gale \u00e0 <strong>0,40<\/strong> sur son facteur th\u00e9orique cible.<\/li>\n<li>Aucune saturation secondaire crois\u00e9e ne devait exc\u00e9der 0,30 sur un autre facteur.<\/li>\n<li>Les 5 items les plus repr\u00e9sentatifs et psychom\u00e9triquement purs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retenus pour chacune des 10 sous-\u00e9chelles, assurant un instrument parfaitement \u00e9quilibr\u00e9 de 50 items.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Mod\u00e9lisation en \u00e9quations structurelles et AFC<\/h3>\n<p>Des analyses factorielles confirmatoires (AFC) men\u00e9es dans des recherches ult\u00e9rieures ont test\u00e9 un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 10 facteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s face \u00e0 des mod\u00e8les alternatifs concurrents (mod\u00e8le unidimensionnel de \u00ab sant\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u00bb ou mod\u00e8le tripartite cognition-affect-motivation). Les indices d&rsquo;ajustement ont sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 confirm\u00e9 la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 du mod\u00e8le \u00e0 10 facteurs de premier ordre (indices CFI &gt; 0,91, TLI &gt; 0,90 et RMSEA &lt; 0,06), confirmant l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance relative et la validit\u00e9 structurelle des dimensions de l&rsquo;HOS.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Questionnaire auto-administr\u00e9 (auto-\u00e9valuation individuelle sur papier ou sur support num\u00e9rique).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 50 items concis r\u00e9dig\u00e9s \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne du singulier.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e approximative de passation :<\/strong> 8 \u00e0 12 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert \u00e0 5 points cot\u00e9e de A \u00e0 E (num\u00e9ris\u00e9e usuellement de 0 \u00e0 4 ou de 1 \u00e0 5 selon la convention d&rsquo;encodage du chercheur) :\n<ul>\n<li><strong>A<\/strong> = Not at all characteristic of me (0 ou 1)<\/li>\n<li><strong>B<\/strong> = Slightly characteristic of me (1 ou 2)<\/li>\n<li><strong>C<\/strong> = Somewhat characteristic of me (2 ou 3)<\/li>\n<li><strong>D<\/strong> = Moderately characteristic of me (3 ou 4)<\/li>\n<li><strong>E<\/strong> = Very characteristic of me (4 ou 5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcul des scores par sous-\u00e9chelle :<\/strong>\n<p>Chaque sous-\u00e9chelle comprend 5 items. Le score de chaque sous-\u00e9chelle s&rsquo;obtient en faisant la somme (ou la moyenne) des items correspondants, apr\u00e8s inversion obligatoire des items \u00e0 valence n\u00e9gative :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1. Personal Health Consciousness :<\/strong> Items 1, 11, 21, 31, 41<\/li>\n<li><strong>2. Health Image Concern :<\/strong> Items 2, 12, 22, 32, 42<\/li>\n<li><strong>3. Health Anxiety :<\/strong> Items 3, 13, 23, 33, 43<\/li>\n<li><strong>4. Health-Esteem and Confidence :<\/strong> Items 4, 14 (invers\u00e9 \/ R), 24, 34, 44<\/li>\n<li><strong>5. Motivation to Avoid Unhealthiness :<\/strong> Items 5, 15, 25, 35, 45<\/li>\n<li><strong>6. Motivation for Healthiness :<\/strong> Items 6, 16, 26, 36, 46<\/li>\n<li><strong>7. Health Internal Control :<\/strong> Items 7, 17, 27, 37, 47<\/li>\n<li><strong>8. Health External Control :<\/strong> Items 8, 18, 28, 38 (invers\u00e9 \/ R), 48 (invers\u00e9 \/ R)<\/li>\n<li><strong>9. Health Expectations :<\/strong> Items 9, 19, 29, 39 (invers\u00e9 \/ R), 49 (invers\u00e9 \/ R)<\/li>\n<li><strong>10. Health Status :<\/strong> Items 10, 20, 30, 40 (invers\u00e9 \/ R), 50 (invers\u00e9 \/ R)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recodage des items invers\u00e9s (R) :<\/strong> Pour les items 14, 38, 39, 40, 48, 49 et 50, les scores doivent \u00eatre recod\u00e9s pr\u00e9alablement au calcul (par exemple sur une \u00e9chelle 0-4 : A=4, B=3, C=2, D=1, E=0 ; ou sur une \u00e9chelle 1-5 : 1=5, 2=4, 3=3, 4=2, 5=1).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication princeps :<\/strong> 1991.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut du droit d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> Le contenu de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 disposition de la communaut\u00e9 acad\u00e9mique internationale par son auteur principal, le Dr William E. Snell, Jr., pour une utilisation non commerciale \u00e0 des fins de recherche scientifique et d&rsquo;enseignement sup\u00e9rieur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs :<\/strong> Gratuit pour la recherche acad\u00e9mique, l&rsquo;enseignement et l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation clinique non lucrative. Aucune redevance n&rsquo;est exig\u00e9e des chercheurs universitaires.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Toute utilisation dans un protocole exp\u00e9rimental ou une publication scientifique requiert la citation explicite de l&rsquo;article princeps de Snell et al. (1991). Les utilisations commerciales, informatis\u00e9es ou dans des applications lucratives n\u00e9cessitent l&rsquo;accord expr\u00e8s des auteurs ou des ayants droit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les publications fondatrices et \u00e9tudes m\u00e9thodologiques relatives \u00e0 l&rsquo;HOS comprennent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Duval, S., &amp; Wicklund, R. A. (1972). <em>A theory of objective self awareness<\/em>. Academic Press.<\/li>\n<li>Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., &amp; Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. <em>Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 43(4), 522\u2013527. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0076760\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0076760<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Nunnally, J. C. (1978). <em>Psychometric theory<\/em> (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.<\/li>\n<li>Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. <em>Psychological Monographs: General and Applied<\/em>, 80(1), 1\u201328. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0092976\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0092976<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Snell, W. E., Jr., Johnson, G., Lloyd, P. J., &amp; Hoover, W. (1991). The development and validation of the Health Orientation Scale: A measure of psychological tendencies associated with health. <em>European Journal of Personality<\/em>, 5(2), 169\u2013183. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/per.2410050208\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/per.2410050208<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wallston, K. A., Wallston, B. S., &amp; DeVellis, R. (1978). Development of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales. <em>Health Education Monographs<\/em>, 6(2), 160\u2013170. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109019817800600107\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109019817800600107<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am very aware of how healthy my body feels.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I sometimes wonder what others think of my physical health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel anxious when I think about my health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel confident about the status of my health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I do things that keep me from becoming physically unhealthy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I&#039;m very motivated to be physically healthy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel like my physical health is something that I myself am in ch\u200earge of.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The status of my physical health is determined mostly by chance happenings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I expect that my health will be excellent in the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am in good physical health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I notice immediately when my body doesn&#039;t feel healthy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I&#039;m very concerned with how others evaluate my physical health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I&#039;m worried about how healthy my body is.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I rarely become discouraged about my health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am motivated to keep myself from becoming physically unhealthy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I&#039;m strongly motivated to devote time and effort to my physical health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My health is something that I alone am responsible for.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The status of my physical health is controlled by accidental happenings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe that the future status of my physical health will be positive.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My body is in good physical shape.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I&#039;m sensitive to internal bodily cues about my health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I&#039;m very aware of what others think of my physical health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Thinking about my health leaves me with an uneasy feeling.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am pleased with how well and healthy I feel.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to avoid engaging in behaviors that undermine my physical health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have a strong desire to keep myself physically healthy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The status of my physical health is determined largely by what I do (and don&#039;t do).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being in good physical health is just a matter of luck.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I do not expect to suffer health problems in the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am a well-exercised person.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I know immediately when I&#039;m not feeling in great health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I&#039;m concerned about how my physical health appears to others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually worry about whether I am in good health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have positive feeling about my health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I really want to prevent myself from getting out of shape.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It&#039;s really important to me that I keep myself in proper physical health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What happens to my physical health is my own doing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being in excellent physical shape has little or nothing to do with luck.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I will probably experience a number of health problems in the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My body needs a lot of work in be in excellent physical shape.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I&#039;m very aware of changes in my physical health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I&#039;m concerned about what other people think of my physical health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel nervous when I think about the status of my physical health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel that I have handled my health very well.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am really motivated to avoid being in terrible physical shape.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I strive to keep myself in tip-top physical shape.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being in good physical health is a matter of my own ability and effort.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t believe that chance or luck play any role in the status of my physical health.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I anticipate that my physical health will deteriorate in the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My physical health is in need of attention.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analyse psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9taill\u00e9e de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;orientation vers la sant\u00e9 (Health Orientation Scale &#8211; HOS) cr\u00e9\u00e9e par Snell et al. (1991). D\u00e9couvrez ses 10 sous-\u00e9chelles, son cadre th\u00e9orique, sa validit\u00e9, sa fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 et le questionnaire original complet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[31,65,2],"tags":[861,9866,19818,19819,1093,1095,16,14679],"class_list":["post-13212","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-psychologiques","category-psychologie-de-la-sante","category-psychometrie","tag-anxiete-de-sante","tag-comportements-de-sante","tag-health-orientation-scale","tag-hos","tag-lieu-de-controle","tag-psychologie-de-la-sante","tag-psychometrie","tag-william-e-snell"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/13212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13212"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/13212\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}