{"id":13186,"date":"2026-10-03T16:55:30","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T16:55:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/questionnaire-intelligence-emotionnelle-trait-version-enfant-teique-cf\/"},"modified":"2026-10-03T16:55:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T16:55:30","slug":"questionnaire-intelligence-emotionnelle-trait-version-enfant-teique-cf","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=questionnaire-intelligence-emotionnelle-trait-version-enfant-teique-cf","title":{"rendered":"Questionnaire d&rsquo;intelligence \u00e9motionnelle trait &#8211; Version enfant (TEIQUE-CF)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Questionnaire d&rsquo;intelligence \u00e9motionnelle trait &#8211; Version enfant<\/strong> (<em>Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- Child Form<\/em>, ou <strong>TEIQUE-CF<\/strong>) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation con\u00e7u sp\u00e9cifiquement pour mesurer l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intelligence_%C3%A9motionnelle\">intelligence \u00e9motionnelle trait<\/a> (ou auto-efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle trait) chez les enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 8 \u00e0 12 ans (fin du cycle primaire et d\u00e9but du coll\u00e8ge). D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par le professeur <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psychometrics.ucl.ac.uk\/people\/k-v-petrides\">K. V. Petrides<\/a> et ses collaboratrices au sein du <em>London Psychometric Laboratory<\/em>, cet outil op\u00e9rationnalise l&rsquo;intelligence \u00e9motionnelle non pas comme une aptitude cognitive mesurable par des tests de performance maximale, mais comme une constellation de dispositions de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Personnalit%C3%A9\">personnalit\u00e9<\/a> et d&rsquo;auto-perceptions relatives aux \u00e9motions, situ\u00e9es aux niveaux inf\u00e9rieurs des hi\u00e9rarchies de la personnalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Le TEIQUE-CF est compos\u00e9 de <strong>75 items<\/strong> formul\u00e9s dans un langage adapt\u00e9 au niveau de d\u00e9veloppement cognitif et lexical des enfants de cette tranche d&rsquo;\u00e2ge. Les r\u00e9ponses sont recueillies au moyen d&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle ordinale de type Likert en 5 points, allant de 1 (\u00ab Disagree a lot \u00bb \/ Pas du tout d&rsquo;accord) \u00e0 5 (\u00ab Agree a lot \u00bb \/ Tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord). Le questionnaire permet d&rsquo;extraire un score global d&rsquo;intelligence \u00e9motionnelle trait ainsi que des scores r\u00e9partis sur <strong>neuf facettes distinctes<\/strong> : l&rsquo;Adaptabilit\u00e9 (<em>Adaptability<\/em>), la Disposition affective (<em>Affective disposition<\/em>), l&rsquo;Expression des \u00e9motions (<em>Emotion expression<\/em>), la Perception des \u00e9motions (<em>Emotion perception<\/em>), la R\u00e9gulation des \u00e9motions (<em>Emotion regulation<\/em>), la Faible impulsivit\u00e9 (<em>Low impulsivity<\/em>), les Relations avec les pairs (<em>Peer relations<\/em>), l&rsquo;Estime de soi (<em>Self-esteem<\/em>) et l&rsquo;Auto-motivation (<em>Self-motivation<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan m\u00e9trologique, le TEIQUE-CF pr\u00e9sente d&rsquo;excellentes qualit\u00e9s <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychom%C3%A9trie\">psychom\u00e9triques<\/a> document\u00e9es dans de nombreuses \u00e9tudes transculturelles. Le coefficient de coh\u00e9rence interne (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a>) pour le score global oscille de mani\u00e8re robuste entre 0,82 et 0,89, tandis que les stabilit\u00e9s test-retest attestent de la constance temporelle du construit. L&rsquo;instrument a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 une remarquable validit\u00e9 incr\u00e9mentielle par rapport aux traits de personnalit\u00e9 traditionnels (mod\u00e8le des <em>Big Five<\/em>) et aux aptitudes cognitives g\u00e9n\u00e9rales (QI), pr\u00e9disant de mani\u00e8re significative l&rsquo;adaptation psychosociale, le bien-\u00eatre subjectif, la comp\u00e9tence sociale per\u00e7ue par les pairs et les enseignants, ainsi que la r\u00e9duction des sympt\u00f4mes internalis\u00e9s et externalis\u00e9s chez l&rsquo;enfant.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Intelligence \u00e9motionnelle trait, TEIQUE-CF, auto-efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle, psychom\u00e9trie infantile, \u00e9valuation socio-\u00e9motionnelle, personnalit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;enfant, r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle, adaptation scolaire, relations entre pairs, K. V. Petrides.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>Le <em>Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- Child Form<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 sous la direction scientifique de :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>K. V. Petrides, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur de psychologie et de psychom\u00e9trie \u00e0 l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/\">University College London<\/a> (UCL), Royaume-Uni. Fondateur et directeur du <em>London Psychometric Laboratory<\/em>, pionnier de la th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;intelligence \u00e9motionnelle trait. Courriel acad\u00e9mique : <code>k.petrides@ucl.ac.uk<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stella Mavroveli, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences en sant\u00e9 mentale de l&rsquo;enfant et de l&rsquo;adolescent \u00e0 l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/\">Imperial College London<\/a>, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine, Division de psychiatrie, Royaume-Uni. Collaboratrice centrale dans l&rsquo;adaptation p\u00e9diatrique de la th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;intelligence \u00e9motionnelle trait.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Collaborateurs affili\u00e9s du London Psychometric Laboratory<\/strong> : \u00c9quipes de recherche associ\u00e9es ayant particip\u00e9 aux \u00e9chantillonnages normatifs initiaux, incluant notamment des contributions d&rsquo;Adrian Furnham et de chercheurs internationaux sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en psychopathologie d\u00e9veloppementale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<h3>Fondements et vocation du test<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif primordial du TEIQUE-CF est de fournir une mesure standardis\u00e9e, valide et fid\u00e8le des perceptions qu&rsquo;ont les enfants de leurs propres comp\u00e9tences socio-\u00e9motionnelles. Historiquement, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des comp\u00e9tences affectives chez les populations p\u00e9diatriques reposait quasi exclusivement sur des h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-\u00e9valuations rapport\u00e9es par les parents ou les enseignants (comme le <em>Child Behavior Checklist<\/em> ou le <em>Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire<\/em>). Bien que ces rapports d&rsquo;observateurs soient informatifs pour le rep\u00e9rage de comportements manifestes, ils \u00e9chouent fr\u00e9quemment \u00e0 capturer l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique interne de l&rsquo;enfant, notamment ses \u00e9tats de d\u00e9tresse affective sous-jacents, ses strat\u00e9gies intimes de r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle et son sentiment d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle.<\/p>\n<p>Le TEIQUE-CF a \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement \u00e9talonn\u00e9 pour combler ce vide m\u00e9thodologique, en s&rsquo;adressant directement \u00e0 l&rsquo;enfant comme agent r\u00e9flexif capable d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation, d\u00e8s l&rsquo;instant o\u00f9 ses structures cognitives lui permettent de conceptualiser ses \u00e9tats internes (stade des op\u00e9rations concr\u00e8tes selon la taxonomie piag\u00e9tienne, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement consolid\u00e9 vers l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 8 ans).<\/p>\n<h3>Applications en recherche et en milieu scolaire<\/h3>\n<p>Dans le domaine \u00e9ducatif et scolaire, le TEIQUE-CF constitue un instrument privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9tude et l&rsquo;impl\u00e9mentation des programmes d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apprentissage_social_et_%C3%A9motionnel\">apprentissage social et \u00e9motionnel<\/a> (<em>Social and Emotional Learning<\/em> &#8211; SEL). Il permet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer de mani\u00e8re rigoureuse les besoins de soutien affectif au sein des cohortes scolaires et d&rsquo;analyser l&rsquo;impact longitudinal des interventions p\u00e9dagogiques ax\u00e9es sur l&#8217;empathie, la r\u00e9solution de conflits et la r\u00e9silience.<\/p>\n<p>De surcro\u00eet, les chercheurs emploient le questionnaire pour mod\u00e9liser les trajectoires de r\u00e9ussite scolaire. Les \u00e9tudes d\u00e9montrent que l&rsquo;intelligence \u00e9motionnelle trait module l&rsquo;effet du stress d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation et de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 acad\u00e9mique : les enfants dot\u00e9s d&rsquo;un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 au TEIQUE-CF maintiennent de meilleures performances scolaires en situation d&rsquo;adversit\u00e9, en grande partie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une r\u00e9signation moindre face aux t\u00e2ches difficiles et une auto-motivation accrue.<\/p>\n<h3>Applications cliniques et psychopathologiques<\/h3>\n<p>Sur le plan clinique, le questionnaire sert d&rsquo;indicateur diagnostique compl\u00e9mentaire pour appr\u00e9hender la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 psychologique chez l&rsquo;enfant. Les profils atypiques au TEIQUE-CF (scores significativement abaiss\u00e9s sur les facettes de r\u00e9gulation, d&rsquo;estime de soi ou de disposition affective) pr\u00e9sentent une forte corr\u00e9lation avec l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence de :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Troubles internalis\u00e9s<\/strong> : d\u00e9pression p\u00e9diatrique, anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de s\u00e9paration, anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e, somatisation et retrait social ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Troubles externalis\u00e9s<\/strong> : conduites d&rsquo;opposition, hyperr\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle, crises de col\u00e8re incontr\u00f4l\u00e9es et agressivit\u00e9 r\u00e9actionnelle envers les pairs ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Difficult\u00e9s d&rsquo;int\u00e9gration relationnelle<\/strong> : victimisation par intimidation scolaire (<em>bullying<\/em>) ou isolement au sein du groupe de pairs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo;inventaire offre ainsi aux psychologues cliniciens et de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation un profil multidimensionnel permettant de guider les interventions cibl\u00e9es (th\u00e9rapies cognitivo-comportementales centr\u00e9es sur les \u00e9motions, entra\u00eenements aux comp\u00e9tences sociales).<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit mesur\u00e9 par le TEIQUE-CF est l&rsquo;<strong>intelligence \u00e9motionnelle trait<\/strong> (IE trait), d\u00e9finie sur le plan m\u00e9ta-th\u00e9orique comme une constellation d&rsquo;auto-perceptions et de dispositions comportementales relatives aux \u00e9motions, situ\u00e9es aux niveaux inf\u00e9rieurs des hi\u00e9rarchies de la personnalit\u00e9. Contrairement \u00e0 la forme adulte du TEIQUE qui int\u00e8gre 15 facettes regroup\u00e9es en 4 facteurs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux, la version pour enfants a condens\u00e9 ce domaine en <strong>9 facettes fondamentales<\/strong> adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 la maturit\u00e9 socio-\u00e9motionnelle de l&rsquo;enfance m\u00e9diane. Chaque facette repr\u00e9sente un volet op\u00e9rationnel distinct de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience affective de l&rsquo;enfant.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Adaptabilit\u00e9 (Adaptability)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;adaptabilit\u00e9 mesure la flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive et affective de l&rsquo;enfant face au changement, aux impr\u00e9vus et aux transitions environnementales (nouvelle \u00e9cole, nouvel enseignant, modifications des routines quotidiennes). Les enfants obtenant un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 abordent les perturbations avec s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9, tandis que les scores faibles refl\u00e8tent une rigidit\u00e9 comportementale, de la d\u00e9tresse face aux impr\u00e9vus et une grande difficult\u00e9 d&rsquo;ajustement aux nouveaux contextes (ex. item inverse : <em>\u00ab I find it hard to adapt to new situations \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>2. Disposition affective (Affective disposition)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante refl\u00e8te la tonalit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle basale et l&rsquo;optimisme dispositionnel de l&rsquo;enfant. Elle capte la propension g\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u00e0 ressentir des \u00e9motions positives (joie, enthousiasme, espoir) comparativement \u00e0 un affect n\u00e9gatif chronique (tristesse, morosit\u00e9 sans raison explicite). Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 signale un enfant souriant, plein d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie et tourn\u00e9 vers les aspects positifs de son existence (ex. : <em>\u00ab I look on the bright side of things \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>3. Expression des \u00e9motions (Emotion expression)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;expression des \u00e9motions \u00e9value la franchise, l&rsquo;aisance et l&rsquo;ouverture avec lesquelles l&rsquo;enfant communique ses \u00e9tats affectifs internes \u00e0 autrui (parents, pairs, \u00e9ducateurs). Elle englobe tant la verbalisation des sentiments complexes que l&rsquo;expression affective directe (dire \u00ab je t&rsquo;aime \u00bb, ext\u00e9rioriser une peine). Un d\u00e9ficit sur cette facette s&rsquo;exprime par une tendance \u00e0 r\u00e9primer ou dissimuler syst\u00e9matiquement ses \u00e9motions (ex. item inverse : <em>\u00ab I keep my feelings to myself \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>4. Perception des \u00e9motions (Emotion perception)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension renvoie \u00e0 la lucidit\u00e9 avec laquelle l&rsquo;enfant d\u00e9code, identifie et comprend les indices \u00e9motionnels chez autrui ainsi que chez lui-m\u00eame. Elle englobe la lecture des expressions faciales, du ton de la voix et des postures corporelles, ainsi que la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9celer les faux-semblants affectifs. Les enfants performants per\u00e7oivent imm\u00e9diatement si un camarade est contrari\u00e9 ou triste, favorisant une r\u00e9activit\u00e9 empathique appropri\u00e9e (ex. : <em>\u00ab I can tell how other people are feeling just by looking at their face \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>5. R\u00e9gulation des \u00e9motions (Emotion regulation)<\/h3>\n<p>La r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle mesure l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue des m\u00e9canismes d&rsquo;autor\u00e9gulation affective d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s par l&rsquo;enfant lorsqu&rsquo;il est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des affects perturbateurs (col\u00e8re, tristesse, frustration, inqui\u00e9tude). Elle capture la vitesse de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration \u00e9motionnelle (le temps n\u00e9cessaire pour s&rsquo;apaiser) et l&rsquo;utilisation de strat\u00e9gies cognitives d&rsquo;adaptation, telles que la r\u00e9\u00e9valuation positive ou la distraction (ex. : <em>\u00ab When I am sad, I try to think of something happy \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>6. Faible impulsivit\u00e9 (Low impulsivity)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette facette explore le contr\u00f4le inhibiteur et la ma\u00eetrise des pulsions comportementales. L&rsquo;enfant \u00e0 score \u00e9lev\u00e9 fait preuve de d\u00e9lib\u00e9ration avant l&rsquo;action, sait r\u00e9sister aux gratifications imm\u00e9diates et contient ses r\u00e9actions motrices ou verbales pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9es. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, une impulsivit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e se caract\u00e9rise par des coupures de parole intempestives, des actes non r\u00e9fl\u00e9chis suivis de regrets et une instabilit\u00e9 comportementale (ex. item inverse : <em>\u00ab I often say or do things without thinking \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>7. Relations avec les pairs (Peer relations)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9value l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 sociale de l&rsquo;enfant dans son microsyst\u00e8me de camaraderie. Elle mesure l&rsquo;aisance \u00e0 initier des amiti\u00e9s, le sentiment d&rsquo;\u00eatre appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 et sollicit\u00e9 pour des jeux collectifs, ainsi que l&rsquo;aptitude \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier et r\u00e9soudre les querelles interpersonnelles. Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 refl\u00e8te une solide insertion sociale et un sentiment d&rsquo;appartenance au groupe (ex. : <em>\u00ab Other children want to be friends with me \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>8. Estime de soi (Self-esteem)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;estime de soi dans le TEIQUE-CF renvoie \u00e0 l&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation globale de sa propre valeur en tant qu&rsquo;individu, \u00e0 la confiance dans ses comp\u00e9tences et \u00e0 l&rsquo;auto-acceptation inconditionnelle. Les enfants affichant des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s expriment de la fiert\u00e9 pour leurs accomplissements et s&rsquo;aiment tels qu&rsquo;ils sont, sans se sentir syst\u00e9matiquement inf\u00e9rieurs aux autres \u00e9coliers (ex. : <em>\u00ab I am happy with who I am \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>9. Auto-motivation (Self-motivation)<\/h3>\n<p>La facette d&rsquo;auto-motivation rend compte de la pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance, de la d\u00e9termination face aux obstacles et de la motivation intrins\u00e8que face \u00e0 l&rsquo;effort. Les enfants forts dans cette dimension persistent dans leurs t\u00e2ches jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 leur accomplissement, y compris lorsque l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 requiert un investissement soutenu ou s&rsquo;av\u00e8re monotone, sans n\u00e9cessiter d&rsquo;injonctions constantes de la part des adultes (ex. : <em>\u00ab I keep working until I finish what I started \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<h3>La scission conceptuelle : IE Aptitude vs IE Trait<\/h3>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement du TEIQUE-CF s&rsquo;inscrit au c\u0153ur de la r\u00e9volution \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique initi\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K._V._Petrides\">K. V. Petrides<\/a> et Adrian Furnham au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000. Avant leurs travaux th\u00e9oriques, la litt\u00e9rature sur l&rsquo;intelligence \u00e9motionnelle souffrait d&rsquo;une profonde confusion op\u00e9rationnelle, m\u00e9langeant indistinctement des inventaires d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation (ex. Bar-On EQ-i) et des tests d&rsquo;aptitude cognitive avec bonnes et mauvaises r\u00e9ponses (ex. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mayer-Salovey-Caruso_Emotional_Intelligence_Test\">MSCEIT<\/a> de Mayer, Salovey et Caruso).<\/p>\n<p>Petrides et Furnham (2000, 2001) ont postul\u00e9 une dissociation conceptuelle stricte fond\u00e9e sur la nature de la m\u00e9thode de mesure :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;Intelligence \u00c9motionnelle Aptitude (Ability EI)<\/strong> : con\u00e7ue comme une capacit\u00e9 cognitive de traitement des signaux affectifs, devant \u00eatre mesur\u00e9e par des tests de performance maximale \u00e0 choix multiples avec crit\u00e8res d&rsquo;exactitude objectifs. Cette approche fait toutefois face \u00e0 des impasses psychom\u00e9triques majeures concernant l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement d&rsquo;une grille de cotation univoque pour des stimuli subjectifs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;Intelligence \u00c9motionnelle Trait (Trait EI ou Auto-efficacit\u00e9 \u00c9motionnelle Trait)<\/strong> : d\u00e9finie comme une constellation de dispositions de la personnalit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;auto-perceptions \u00e9motionnelles, mesur\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re l\u00e9gitime par des inventaires d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation (<em>self-report<\/em>). L&rsquo;IE trait appartient sans \u00e9quivoque au domaine de la personnalit\u00e9 et non \u00e0 celui des aptitudes cognitives g\u00e9n\u00e9rales (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facteur_g\">facteur g<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ancrage dans les th\u00e9ories de la personnalit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Le cadre th\u00e9orique de l&rsquo;IE trait postule que les comp\u00e9tences \u00e9motionnelles autod\u00e9clar\u00e9es ne constituent pas une \u00ab nouvelle forme d&rsquo;intelligence cognitive \u00bb, mais forment un continuum structur\u00e9 s&rsquo;int\u00e9grant au sein des taxinomies majeures de la personnalit\u00e9, notamment le mod\u00e8le des <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mod%C3%A8le_des_Big_Five_(psychologie)\">Cinq Grands Facteurs (Big Five)<\/a> (Ouverture, Conscienciosit\u00e9, Extraversion, Agr\u00e9abilit\u00e9, N\u00e9vrosisme) et le mod\u00e8le tridimensionnel d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hans_Eysenck\">Eysenck<\/a> (PEN). L&rsquo;IE trait occupe l&rsquo;espace sub-ordonn\u00e9 de ces m\u00e9ta-traits, combinant des aspects de faible n\u00e9vrosisme (stabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle), de forte extraversion, d&rsquo;agr\u00e9abilit\u00e9 sociale et de conscienciosit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Consid\u00e9rations d\u00e9veloppementales de l&rsquo;enfance moyenne<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;adaptation de ce paradigme \u00e0 l&rsquo;enfance repose sur la th\u00e9orie du d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;auto-concept \u00e9labor\u00e9e par des psychologues d\u00e9veloppementaux tels que Susan Harter. Entre 8 et 12 ans, les enfants r\u00e9alisent un saut qualitatif fondamental :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Ils deviennent capables d&rsquo;int\u00e9grer des repr\u00e9sentations d&rsquo;eux-m\u00eames multidimensionnelles et oppos\u00e9es (comprendre qu&rsquo;on peut \u00eatre triste tout en esp\u00e9rant retrouver la joie) ;<\/li>\n<li>Ils acqui\u00e8rent les comp\u00e9tences m\u00e9tacognitives n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00e9valuer leurs propres r\u00e9actions comportementales par rapport aux normes de leur groupe de pairs ;<\/li>\n<li>Leur <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9orie_de_l%27esprit\">th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;esprit<\/a> est pleinement op\u00e9rationnelle, leur permettant de distinguer les \u00e9motions r\u00e9elles des expressions feintes chez leurs camarades.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Le TEIQUE-CF mat\u00e9rialise cette phase charni\u00e8re en interrogeant l&rsquo;enfant sur ses perceptions directes de contr\u00f4le, de r\u00e9silience et d&rsquo;affiliation sociale, conf\u00e9rant \u00e0 la mesure une validit\u00e9 \u00e9cologique substantielle.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;assise psychom\u00e9trique du TEIQUE-CF a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;investigations exhaustives dans diverses cultures et populations scolaires (Royaume-Uni, Gr\u00e8ce, Italie, Espagne, France, Chine).<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par des associations th\u00e9oriquement coh\u00e9rentes et robustes avec des variables psychologiques majeures :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Relations avec la personnalit\u00e9 (Big Five p\u00e9diatrique)<\/strong> : L&rsquo;IE trait globale mesur\u00e9e par le TEIQUE-CF corr\u00e8le de fa\u00e7on hautement positive avec l&rsquo;Extraversion (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r \\approx 0{,}45\">$r \\approx 0{,}45$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}55\">$0{,}55$<\/span>) et la Conscienciosit\u00e9 (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r \\approx 0{,}35\">$r \\approx 0{,}35$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}48\">$0{,}48$<\/span>), tout en affichant une corr\u00e9lation n\u00e9gative marqu\u00e9e avec le N\u00e9vrosisme \/ l&rsquo;Instabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r \\approx -0{,}50\">$r \\approx -0{,}50$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"-0{,}65\">$-0{,}65$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Divergence avec le quotient intellectuel<\/strong> : En stricte conformit\u00e9 avec la th\u00e9orie de Petrides, les corr\u00e9lations entre le TEIQUE-CF et les mesures de raisonnement cognitif non verbal (ex. : les <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matrices_progressives_de_Raven\">Matrices progressives de Raven<\/a>) ou verbal sont proches de z\u00e9ro (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r\">$r$<\/span> compris entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}02\">$0{,}02$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}12\">$0{,}12$<\/span>, non significatifs). Ceci prouve empiriquement que le TEIQUE-CF ne mesure pas une aptitude cognitive d\u00e9guis\u00e9e, mais bien un trait de personnalit\u00e9 distinct.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de crit\u00e8re et pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>Le TEIQUE-CF pr\u00e9dit avec force les indicateurs de sant\u00e9 mentale et d&rsquo;adaptation psychosociale chez l&rsquo;enfant :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sant\u00e9 mentale et psychopathologie<\/strong> : Des \u00e9tudes men\u00e9es avec le <em>Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire<\/em> (SDQ) r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s au TEIQUE-CF pr\u00e9disent de mani\u00e8re significative des niveaux r\u00e9duits de sympt\u00f4mes \u00e9motionnels (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = -0{,}52\">$r = -0{,}52$<\/span>), de probl\u00e8mes de comportement (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = -0{,}38\">$r = -0{,}38$<\/span>) et d&rsquo;hyperactivit\u00e9 (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = -0{,}34\">$r = -0{,}34$<\/span>), ainsi qu&rsquo;un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 de comportements prosociaux (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0{,}46\">$r = 0{,}46$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut sociom\u00e9trique parmi les pairs<\/strong> : Des recherches utilisant des nominations par les pairs ont confirm\u00e9 que les enfants affichant des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s au TEIQUE-CF sont per\u00e7us par leurs camarades de classe comme plus coop\u00e9ratifs, plus populaires et sont significativement moins souvent rejet\u00e9s ou pris pour cibles de harc\u00e8lement scolaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 incr\u00e9mentielle<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;un des tests les plus rigoureux impos\u00e9s au TEIQUE-CF a \u00e9t\u00e9 la d\u00e9monstration de sa validit\u00e9 incr\u00e9mentielle. Par des r\u00e9gressions lin\u00e9aires hi\u00e9rarchiques, Mavroveli et al. ont \u00e9tabli que le score global au TEIQUE-CF explique une part statistiquement significative de variance additionnelle (souvent entre 6 % et 18 % de variance unique) dans la pr\u00e9diction de l&rsquo;humeur d\u00e9pressive infantile, de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et de la comp\u00e9tence sociale \u00e9valu\u00e9e par les enseignants, <em>apr\u00e8s<\/em> avoir contr\u00f4l\u00e9 statistiquement l&rsquo;impact des cinq grands facteurs de personnalit\u00e9 et de l&rsquo;intelligence cognitive g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne<\/h3>\n<p>La consistance interne du TEIQUE-CF a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 travers de multiples \u00e9chantillons repr\u00e9sentatifs \u00e0 l&rsquo;international. Pour le <strong>score global<\/strong> de l&rsquo;instrument (75 items), les coefficients de coh\u00e9rence interne calcul\u00e9s via l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha\">$\u0007lpha$<\/span>) et le coefficient om\u00e9ga de McDonald (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\omega\">$\\omega$<\/span>) se situent syst\u00e9matiquement dans d&rsquo;excellentes zones psychom\u00e9triques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c9chantillon britannique d&rsquo;\u00e9talonnage initial (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 650\">$N = 650$<\/span>) : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}86\">$\\alpha = 0{,}86$<\/span> pour le score global.<\/li>\n<li>Adaptation italienne (Russo et al., <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 1012\">$N = 1012$<\/span>) : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}88\">$\\alpha = 0{,}88$<\/span> pour le score global.<\/li>\n<li>Adaptation espagnole (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 780\">$N = 780$<\/span>) : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0{,}87\">$\\alpha = 0{,}87$<\/span> pour le score global.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 au niveau des neuf facettes<\/h3>\n<p>En raison du nombre mod\u00e9r\u00e9 d&rsquo;items par facette (variant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de 7 \u00e0 10 items par \u00e9chelle afin de maintenir la passation dans une dur\u00e9e tol\u00e9rable pour des enfants), les coefficients alpha des sous-\u00e9chelles individuelles sont mod\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 bons, oscillant majoritairement entre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}60\">$0{,}60$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}78\">$0{,}78$<\/span> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Adaptabilit\u00e9<\/em> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}65 - 0{,}72\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}65 &#8211; 0{,}72$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em>Disposition affective<\/em> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}74 - 0{,}80\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}74 &#8211; 0{,}80$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em>Expression des \u00e9motions<\/em> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}68 - 0{,}74\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}68 &#8211; 0{,}74$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em>Perception des \u00e9motions<\/em> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}64 - 0{,}72\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}64 &#8211; 0{,}72$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em>R\u00e9gulation des \u00e9motions<\/em> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}66 - 0{,}73\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}66 &#8211; 0{,}73$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em>Faible impulsivit\u00e9<\/em> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}67 - 0{,}75\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}67 &#8211; 0{,}75$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em>Relations avec les pairs<\/em> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}69 - 0{,}76\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}69 &#8211; 0{,}76$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em>Estime de soi<\/em> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}73 - 0{,}81\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}73 &#8211; 0{,}81$<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em>Auto-motivation<\/em> : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha \\approx 0{,}64 - 0{,}71\">$\\alpha \\approx 0{,}64 &#8211; 0{,}71$<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces indices sont pleinement satisfaisants pour des \u00e9valuations de groupe et la recherche en psychologie du d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest a \u00e9t\u00e9 investigu\u00e9e sur des intervalles temporels de 3 mois et 6 mois. Les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intra-classe (CCI) et de Pearson d\u00e9montrent une excellente stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r_{tt} = 0{,}78\">$r_{tt} = 0{,}78$<\/span> \u00e0 3 mois ; <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r_{tt} = 0{,}72\">$r_{tt} = 0{,}72$<\/span> \u00e0 6 mois pour le score global), confirmant que le TEIQUE-CF \u00e9value des traits dispositionnels durables de l&rsquo;enfant plut\u00f4t que de simples fluctuations d&rsquo;humeur contingentes.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<h3>Structure factorielle et mod\u00e9lisation<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture interne du TEIQUE-CF a \u00e9t\u00e9 explor\u00e9e par le biais d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analyse_factorielle\">analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE)<\/a> et d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mod%C3%A8le_d%27%C3%A9quations_structurelles\">analyses factorielles confirmatoires (AFC)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la version adulte compl\u00e8te du TEIQUE, les 15 facettes se structurent sous forme hi\u00e9rarchique en quatre facteurs de second ordre (Bien-\u00eatre, Ma\u00eetrise de soi, \u00c9motionnalit\u00e9, Sociabilit\u00e9) qui convergent vers un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;IE trait de troisi\u00e8me ordre. Toutefois, chez les enfants de 8 \u00e0 12 ans, les analyses factorielles r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que cette d\u00e9composition fine en quatre macro-facteurs interm\u00e9diaires n&rsquo;est pas r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9e de fa\u00e7on nette, en raison de la moindre diff\u00e9renciation structurelle de la personnalit\u00e9 au cours de l&rsquo;enfance.<\/p>\n<h3>R\u00e9sultats confirmatoires et mod\u00e8les bifactoriels<\/h3>\n<p>Les mod\u00e9lisations en \u00e9quations structurelles men\u00e9es par Mavroveli et al. (2008, 2009) ont compar\u00e9 plusieurs mod\u00e8les concurrents :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le unidimensionnel strict (tous les items chargeant sur un facteur unique) ;<\/li>\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le corr\u00e9l\u00e9 \u00e0 9 facteurs (les 9 facettes sp\u00e9cifiques corr\u00e9l\u00e9es entre elles) ;<\/li>\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique avec un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de second ordre chapeautant les 9 facettes de premier ordre ;<\/li>\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le bifactoriel comprenant un facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral global d&rsquo;IE trait et 9 facteurs sp\u00e9cifiques orthogonaux.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique et le mod\u00e8le bifactoriel d\u00e9montrent invariablement les meilleurs indices d&rsquo;ajustement empirique (par exemple : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\chi^2\/df &lt; 2{,}2\">$\\chi^2\/df &lt; 2{,}2$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"RMSEA le 0{,}048\">$RMSEA le 0{,}048$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"CFI ge 0{,}92\">$CFI ge 0{,}92$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"SRMR le 0{,}052\">$SRMR le 0{,}052$<\/span>). Toutes les 9 facettes pr\u00e9sentent des saturations factorielles positives fortes et statistiquement significatives sur le facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;IE trait (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"0{,}42 &lt; \\lambda &lt; 0{,}78\">$0{,}42 &lt; \\lambda &lt; 0{,}78$<\/span>).<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan des items individuels, les saturations factorielles sur leurs facettes respectives sont majoritairement comprises entre 0,35 et 0,70. L&rsquo;ensemble des \u00e9tudes factorielles confirme ainsi qu&rsquo;il est psychom\u00e9triquement rigoureux d&rsquo;utiliser le <strong>score global<\/strong> de l&rsquo;instrument comme reflet synth\u00e9tique de l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle globale de l&rsquo;enfant, tout en interpr\u00e9tant le profil clinique au niveau des <strong>9 facettes<\/strong> pour identifier les forces et faiblesses sp\u00e9cifiques du sujet.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Auto-questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique standardis\u00e9 (<em>self-report inventory<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Enfants scolaris\u00e9s \u00e2g\u00e9s de 8 \u00e0 12 ans (compr\u00e9hension de lecture autonome de niveau fin CE2 \/ CM1 \u00e0 6e).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 75 items formul\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re concise et limpide.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e approximative de passation :<\/strong> 20 \u00e0 30 minutes (peut \u00eatre administr\u00e9 individuellement ou en passation collective en classe).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert authentique en 5 points :\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1<\/strong> = Disagree a lot (Pas du tout d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li><strong>2<\/strong> = Disagree a little (Un peu pas d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li><strong>3<\/strong> = Neither agree nor disagree (Ni en d\u00e9saccord ni d&rsquo;accord \/ Neutre)<\/li>\n<li><strong>4<\/strong> = Agree a little (Un peu d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li><strong>5<\/strong> = Agree a lot (Tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9partition des facettes :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Adaptabilit\u00e9 :<\/em> Items \u00e9valuant la flexibilit\u00e9 face aux changements environnementaux.<\/li>\n<li><em>Disposition affective :<\/em> Items \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;optimisme, la joie de vivre et la bonne humeur basale.<\/li>\n<li><em>Expression des \u00e9motions :<\/em> Items mesurant la communication et le d\u00e9voilement \u00e9motionnel.<\/li>\n<li><em>Perception des \u00e9motions :<\/em> Items mesurant le d\u00e9codage affectif chez soi et chez autrui.<\/li>\n<li><em>R\u00e9gulation des \u00e9motions :<\/em> Items portant sur l&rsquo;apaisement de la tristesse, de la col\u00e8re et des peurs.<\/li>\n<li><em>Faible impulsivit\u00e9 :<\/em> Items \u00e9valuant la r\u00e9flexion avant l&rsquo;acte et l&rsquo;inhibition des pulsions.<\/li>\n<li><em>Relations avec les pairs :<\/em> Items mesurant la popularit\u00e9, l&rsquo;amiti\u00e9 et la coop\u00e9ration sociale.<\/li>\n<li><em>Estime de soi :<\/em> Items \u00e9valuant la confiance en soi, la fiert\u00e9 et l&rsquo;auto-satisfaction.<\/li>\n<li><em>Auto-motivation :<\/em> Items mesurant la t\u00e9nacit\u00e9, la volont\u00e9 et la pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance dans la t\u00e2che.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proc\u00e9dure de cotation :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Les items formul\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re invers\u00e9e (indiquant une d\u00e9tresse, une rigidit\u00e9 ou une faible comp\u00e9tence affective) doivent obligatoirement \u00eatre invers\u00e9s num\u00e9riquement avant tout calcul : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"1 \\rightarrow 5\">$1 \\rightarrow 5$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"2 \\rightarrow 4\">$2 \\rightarrow 4$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"3 \\rightarrow 3\">$3 \\rightarrow 3$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"4 \\rightarrow 2\">$4 \\rightarrow 2$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"5 \\rightarrow 1\">$5 \\rightarrow 1$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Les scores des 9 sous-\u00e9chelles s&rsquo;obtiennent par la moyenne des items assign\u00e9s \u00e0 chaque facette respective (score de 1 \u00e0 5).<\/li>\n<li>Le score global d&rsquo;IE trait (<em>Global Trait EI Score<\/em>) s&rsquo;obtient en calculant la moyenne des 75 items cot\u00e9s (ou la somme standardis\u00e9e selon les normes locales).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 2007 (premi\u00e8res publications d&rsquo;\u00e9talonnage par Stella Mavroveli et K. V. Petrides) ; manuel et sp\u00e9cifications consolid\u00e9s en 2008.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> &copy; K. V. Petrides et London Psychometric Laboratory. Tous droits r\u00e9serv\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation et acc\u00e8s pour la recherche :<\/strong> Le questionnaire TEIQUE-CF est mis \u00e0 disposition <strong>gratuitement<\/strong> pour les chercheurs acad\u00e9miques, les \u00e9tudiants de cycles sup\u00e9rieurs et les praticiens de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation travaillant dans un cadre non commercial ou de recherche universitaire sans but lucratif. L&rsquo;utilisation n\u00e9cessite g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une inscription pr\u00e9alable et l&rsquo;engagement d&rsquo;adh\u00e9rer aux protocoles \u00e9thiques et scientifiques sur le site officiel du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psychometrics.ucl.ac.uk\/teique\">London Psychometric Laboratory (UCL)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Utilisation commerciale ou clinique sous licence priv\u00e9e :<\/strong> Toute utilisation dans le cadre de programmes marchands d&rsquo;entreprises, de plateformes de bilans payantes ou de formations lucratives est soumise \u00e0 l&rsquo;obtention d&rsquo;une licence d&rsquo;exploitation aupr\u00e8s des d\u00e9tenteurs l\u00e9gaux des droits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les publications scientifiques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence suivantes documentent la conception, la validation et les applications psychom\u00e9triques du TEIQUE-CF :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mavroveli, S., &#038; Petrides, K. V. (2007). Trait emotional intelligence and children\u2019s peer relations at school. <em>Social Development<\/em>, 16(4), 773\u2013789. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2007.00412.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2007.00412.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mavroveli, S., Petrides, K. V., Rieffe, C., &#038; Bakker, F. (2007). Trait emotional intelligence, psychological well-being and peer-rated social competence in children. <em>British Journal of Developmental Psychology<\/em>, 25(2), 263\u2013275. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/026151006X118577\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/026151006X118577<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mavroveli, S., Petrides, K. V., Shove, C., &#038; Whitehead, A. (2008). Investigation of the construct of trait emotional intelligence in children. <em>European Child &#038; Adolescent Psychiatry<\/em>, 17(5), 281\u2013291. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-007-0664-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-007-0664-8<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mavroveli, S., Petrides, K. V., Sangsue, J., &#038; Furnham, A. (2009). Exploring the relationships between trait emotional intelligence and socioemotional outcomes in early adolescence. <em>International Journal of Behavioral Development<\/em>, 33(5), 446\u2013454. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0165025409340805\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0165025409340805<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Petrides, K. V. (2009). <em>Technical manual for the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaires (TEIQue)<\/em>. London: London Psychometric Laboratory.<\/li>\n<li>Petrides, K. V., &#038; Furnham, A. (2000). On the dimensional structure of emotional intelligence. <em>Personality and Individual Differences<\/em>, 29(2), 313\u2013320. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00195-6\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00195-6<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Petrides, K. V., &#038; Furnham, A. (2001). Trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies. <em>European Journal of Personality<\/em>, 15(6), 425\u2013448. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/per.416\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/per.416<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Petrides, K. V., Sangsue, J., Mavroveli, S., &#038; Furnham, A. (2006). Trait emotional intelligence of emotional and non-emotional dysfunction in children. <em>Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal<\/em>, 34(5), 545\u2013558. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2224\/sbp.2006.34.5.545\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2224\/sbp.2006.34.5.545<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Russo, P. M., Mancini, G., Trombini, E., Baldaro, B., Mavroveli, S., &#038; Petrides, K. V. (2012). Trait emotional intelligence and the Big Five personality dimensions in Italian preadolescents. <em>Learning and Individual Differences<\/em>, 22(2), 274\u2013277. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lindif.2011.09.002\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lindif.2011.09.002<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> Please read each of the following statements carefully and tick the box that best shows how much you agree or disagree with it. There are no right or wrong answers, just answer as honestly as you can about how you feel.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> 5-point Likert scale: 1 = Disagree a lot, 2 = Disagree a little, 3 = Neither agree nor disagree, 4 = Agree a little, 5 = Agree a lot\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> The TEIQUE-CF yields scores on nine distinct facets (Adaptability, Affective disposition, Emotion expression, Emotion perception, Emotion regulation, Low impulsivity, Peer relations, Self-esteem, Self-motivation) and a global trait emotional intelligence score. Reverse-scored items are inverted (1=5, 2=4, 3=3, 4=2, 5=1) before computing subscale and global trait EI scores.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it easy to tell others how I feel.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I am sad, I try to think of something happy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can easily make other children like me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel proud of the things I can do.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t give up easily when things get hard.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it hard to adapt to new situations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often feel down for no reason.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I know when other people are happy or sad.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often say or do things without thinking.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is easy for me to talk about my feelings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I get upset, it takes me a long time to calm down.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have many good friends.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try hard even when work is boring.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find change easy to deal with.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am usually a happy person.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can tell how other people are feeling just by looking at their face.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often lose my temper.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it difficult to show others that I care about them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I am angry, I can find ways to calm down.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Other children want to be friends with me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think I am good at many things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I keep working until I finish what I started.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t like changes in my daily routine.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am full of energy and cheerfulness.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it hard to understand how others feel.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually stop and think before I do things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can easily explain why I am angry or upset.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When something goes wrong, I can find something positive in it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Children often pick me for their games.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am happy with who I am.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I work hard to get what I want.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can easily adjust to new teachers or new schools.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel miserable most of the time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can tell if someone is pretending to be happy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often do things that I later regret.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I show my feelings easily.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it hard to cheer myself up when I am sad.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am popular with other children.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel confident about my abilities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I need other people to push me to do my work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like trying new things and having new experiences.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often smile and laugh.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I know how to make other people feel better when they are sad.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can control my actions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I keep my feelings to myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can control my temper.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it easy to make friends.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel that I am not as good as other children.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I decide to do something, I finish it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get upset when plans change suddenly.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I look on the bright side of things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I usually know why people feel the way they do.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often interrupt people when they are talking.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I hide my emotions from others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can stop myself from worrying too much.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get along well with most children.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe in myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am easily distracted when trying to do schoolwork.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can handle surprises well.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am usually in a good mood.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can easily tell if a friend is upset with me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I do things on the spur of the moment.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it easy to say &#039;I love you&#039; or &#039;I like you&#039; to people close to me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It takes me a short time to get over being angry.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Other children like playing with me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I wish I was different from who I am.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am a determined person.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it difficult to get used to new surroundings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy life.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can guess correctly how someone will react.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can stay calm even when people make me mad.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">73<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am comfortable expressing my feelings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">74<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have no trouble controlling my urges.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">75<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am good at solving problems with my friends.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Questionnaire d&rsquo;intelligence \u00e9motionnelle trait &#8211; Version enfant (TEIQUE-CF) mesure l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle chez les enfants de 8 \u00e0 12 ans \u00e0 travers 75 items et 9 facettes sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[2364,127,2],"tags":[398,162,129,19773,2367,841,14860,19772],"class_list":["post-13186","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-intelligence-emotionnelle","category-psychologie-du-developpement","category-psychometrie","tag-auto-efficacite","tag-enfants","tag-evaluation-psychometrique","tag-intelligence-emotionnelle-trait","tag-k-v-petrides","tag-regulation-emotionnelle","tag-relations-entre-pairs","tag-teique-cf"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/13186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13186"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/13186\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}