{"id":13055,"date":"2026-10-03T13:01:08","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:01:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/questionnaire-inventaire-adaptation\/"},"modified":"2026-10-03T13:01:08","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T13:01:08","slug":"questionnaire-inventaire-adaptation","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=questionnaire-inventaire-adaptation","title":{"rendered":"Questionnaire d&rsquo;inventaire d&rsquo;adaptation"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Questionnaire d&rsquo;inventaire d&rsquo;adaptation<\/strong> (<em>Adjustment Inventory Questionnaire<\/em>, AIQ), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 initialement par le professeur <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychometrics\">M. N. Palsane<\/a> en 1977 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Pune et largement utilis\u00e9 dans la recherche en psychom\u00e9trie \u00e9ducative et clinique (notamment par Sathe, 2010), constitue un outil multidimensionnel exhaustif con\u00e7u pour \u00e9valuer l&rsquo;ajustement global des adolescents et des jeunes adultes. L&rsquo;instrument explore les m\u00e9canismes biopsychosociaux par lesquels un individu parvient \u00e0 un \u00e9quilibre fonctionnel avec son environnement imm\u00e9diat, qu&rsquo;il soit familial, acad\u00e9mique ou communautaire. Structur\u00e9 autour de cinq dimensions fondamentales \u2014 l&rsquo;adaptation familiale et domestique (<em>Home and family adjustment<\/em>), l&rsquo;adaptation sociale (<em>Social adjustment<\/em>), l&rsquo;adaptation personnelle et \u00e9motionnelle (<em>Personal and emotional adjustment<\/em>), l&rsquo;adaptation scolaire et \u00e9ducative (<em>Educational adjustment<\/em>), et l&rsquo;adaptation physique ou sanitaire (<em>Health adjustment<\/em>) \u2014, cet inventaire comporte une batterie exhaustive d&rsquo;items auto-rapport\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, l&rsquo;inventaire repose sur une approche dichotomique ou polytomique standardis\u00e9e permettant de discriminer les profils d&rsquo;inadaptation des trajectoires d&rsquo;adaptation r\u00e9siliente. Les \u00e9tudes de validation men\u00e9es sur des cohortes d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ves du secondaire et d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants universitaires urbains et ruraux d\u00e9montrent une excellente coh\u00e9rence interne globale, avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach oscillant entre 0,78 et 0,89 pour les sous-\u00e9chelles, et atteignant 0,93 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle totale. La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle, \u00e9valu\u00e9e par le test-retest \u00e0 trois semaines d&rsquo;intervalle, rapporte des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation variant de 0,74 \u00e0 0,86. La validit\u00e9 de construit est \u00e9tay\u00e9e par des analyses factorielles confirmatoires corroborant la structure pentafactorielle, ainsi que par de solides corr\u00e9lations avec le rendement scolaire, les mesures de d\u00e9tresse psychologique et les \u00e9chelles de bien-\u00eatre subjectif. L&rsquo;AIQ s&rsquo;impose ainsi comme une mesure classique de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l&rsquo;orientation scolaire, la recherche \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique et le diagnostic clinique des difficult\u00e9s d&rsquo;ajustement chez les jeunes.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Adaptation psychosociale, inventaire d&rsquo;adaptation, adaptation scolaire, sant\u00e9 mentale des adolescents, psychom\u00e9trie, adaptation familiale, d\u00e9tresse \u00e9motionnelle, dynamique relationnelle, \u00e9valuation psychologique, validation transculturelle, r\u00e9ussite acad\u00e9mique, psychologie de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;inventaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et standardis\u00e9 par le <strong>Professeur M. N. Palsane<\/strong>, figure \u00e9minente de la psychologie acad\u00e9mique en Inde, ancien directeur du D\u00e9partement de psychologie exp\u00e9rimentale \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Pune (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Maharashtra, Inde. Ses travaux pionniers ont port\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation du stress, des strat\u00e9gies de <em>coping<\/em> et de l&rsquo;adaptation psychologique dans les contextes socioculturels en transition.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument a fait l&rsquo;objet de r\u00e9actualisations et d&rsquo;applications empiriques approfondies par des chercheurs contemporains, notamment le Dr <strong>Vishranti Uttam Sathe<\/strong> (2010) dans le cadre de recherches doctorales sur la r\u00e9ussite acad\u00e9mique et les facteurs diff\u00e9rentiels d&rsquo;ajustement chez les adolescents scolaris\u00e9s en milieu urbain et rural au sein de la m\u00eame universit\u00e9. Les correspondances scientifiques et demandes institutionnelles concernant le manuel de 1977 et ses versions d\u00e9riv\u00e9es sont historiquement rattach\u00e9es au d\u00e9partement de psychologie de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Pune.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Questionnaire d&rsquo;inventaire d&rsquo;adaptation<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre au besoin d&rsquo;une \u00e9valuation syst\u00e9matique, rigoureuse et multifacette du degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;ajustement des individus au cours d&rsquo;une p\u00e9riode d\u00e9veloppementale charni\u00e8re : la transition entre l&rsquo;adolescence et l&rsquo;\u00e2ge adulte \u00e9mergent. En psychologie diff\u00e9rentielle et clinique, l&rsquo;adaptation ne se r\u00e9sume pas \u00e0 l&rsquo;absence de pathologie psychiatrique caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e ; elle traduit la capacit\u00e9 dynamique d&rsquo;un sujet \u00e0 concilier ses motivations internes, ses besoins physiologiques et ses aspirations identitaires avec les exigences, contraintes et pressions exerc\u00e9es par son \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me relationnel et institutionnel.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les contextes \u00e9ducatifs, l&rsquo;objectif principal de l&rsquo;AIQ est d&rsquo;identifier pr\u00e9cocement les \u00e9tudiants en situation de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 ou de m\u00e9sadaptation. L&rsquo;inadaptation scolaire peut se manifester par des difficult\u00e9s de concentration, un absent\u00e9isme r\u00e9current, une baisse drastique des performances acad\u00e9miques ou des conflits avec le corps professoral. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses sous-\u00e9chelles cibl\u00e9es, l&rsquo;AIQ permet aux conseillers d&rsquo;orientation, psychologues scolaires et \u00e9ducateurs de distinguer si la source primaire des difficult\u00e9s r\u00e9side dans des stresseurs familiaux (tels que la discorde parentale, la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re ou le surcontr\u00f4le), dans des blocages relationnels avec les pairs (anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale, isolement, timidit\u00e9 inhibitrice), dans des troubles somatiques sous-jacents ou dans une d\u00e9tresse \u00e9motionnelle intrins\u00e8que (culpabilit\u00e9, sentiments d&rsquo;inf\u00e9riorit\u00e9, id\u00e9ations suicidaires).<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan de la recherche, l&rsquo;AIQ fournit une base m\u00e9trique robuste pour mod\u00e9liser les pr\u00e9dicteurs de la r\u00e9ussite scolaire et du bien-\u00eatre. Il permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier l&rsquo;impact des disparit\u00e9s structurelles \u2014 telles que la scolarisation en zone rurale versus urbaine, le genre, ou les conditions socio-\u00e9conomiques \u2014 sur les capacit\u00e9s d&rsquo;adaptation globale. En pratique clinique et de conseil (<em>counseling<\/em>), l&rsquo;outil sert de cartographie diagnostique permettant de concevoir des interventions th\u00e9rapeutiques personnalis\u00e9es, d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de programmes de renforcement des comp\u00e9tences psychosociales et de soutenir l&rsquo;\u00e9panouissement global des apprenants.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique<\/h2>\n<p>Le concept d&rsquo;<strong>ajustement<\/strong> ou d&rsquo;<strong>adaptation<\/strong> (<em>adjustment<\/em>) mesur\u00e9 par l&rsquo;AIQ est op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9 selon une architecture pentadimensionnelle int\u00e9grant les aspects biologiques, affectifs, relationnels, contextuels et p\u00e9dagogiques de la vie quotidienne :<\/p>\n<h3>Adaptation familiale et domestique (Home and Family Adjustment)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value l&rsquo;harmonie, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle et les relations d&rsquo;interd\u00e9pendance au sein du foyer familial. Elle explore les relations avec les parents et la fratrie, le sentiment de soutien ou de domination parentale, les conflits intrafamiliaux, l&rsquo;acceptation des r\u00e8gles parentales et l&rsquo;impact des charges financi\u00e8res ou d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements tragiques (tels que le deuil ou la maladie chronique d&rsquo;un proche). Un score d&rsquo;inadaptation \u00e9lev\u00e9 refl\u00e8te un environnement familial conflictuel, une communication entrav\u00e9e ou un manque d&rsquo;autonomie accord\u00e9e au jeune (ex. items 14, 20, 73, 97, 130, 160).<\/p>\n<h3>Adaptation sociale (Social Adjustment)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante mesure l&rsquo;aisance relationnelle, les comp\u00e9tences de communication interpersonnelle, le sentiment d&rsquo;appartenance \u00e0 un groupe de pairs et la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 s&rsquo;affirmer dans des contextes collectifs. Elle englobe la gestion de la timidit\u00e9, l&rsquo;aptitude \u00e0 engager une conversation avec des inconnus, les interactions avec des pairs de sexes diff\u00e9rents, et la participation \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s communautaires ou de leadership. L&rsquo;inadaptation sociale se traduit par le retrait, l&rsquo;isolement, la peur d&rsquo;\u00eatre jug\u00e9 lors de prises de parole publiques et l&rsquo;\u00e9vitement des situations collectives (ex. items 1, 10, 19, 26, 49, 70, 96).<\/p>\n<h3>Adaptation personnelle et \u00e9motionnelle (Personal and Emotional Adjustment)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle sonde l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre affectif, l&rsquo;estime de soi, l&rsquo;autor\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle et la propension aux affects n\u00e9gatifs. Elle explore la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 diffuse, de sautes d&rsquo;humeur incontr\u00f4lables, de sentiments d&rsquo;inf\u00e9riorit\u00e9, d&rsquo;auto-d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciation, de culpabilit\u00e9 excessive, de rumination mentale et de phobies irrationnelles. Les scores pathologiques mettent en lumi\u00e8re une instabilit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle marqu\u00e9e, une d\u00e9tresse n\u00e9vrotique ou une vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9pressive significative (ex. items 5, 27, 41, 71, 74, 80, 143, 161).<\/p>\n<h3>Adaptation scolaire et \u00e9ducative (Educational Adjustment)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension s&rsquo;int\u00e9resse \u00e0 l&rsquo;attitude de l&rsquo;apprenant envers l&rsquo;institution, le climat de la classe, les relations avec les enseignants, la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 des habitudes d&rsquo;\u00e9tude, l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation et l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat port\u00e9 aux disciplines enseign\u00e9es. Elle capture l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration p\u00e9dagogique, la confiance dans la r\u00e9ussite acad\u00e9mique, l&rsquo;orientation vocationnelle et l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion aux r\u00e8glements de l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement scolaire ou universitaire (ex. items 8, 18, 42, 65, 90, 127, 141, 195).<\/p>\n<h3>Adaptation physique et sanitaire (Health Adjustment)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9value l&rsquo;impact de la condition physique, de la somatisation et de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de sant\u00e9 sur le fonctionnement quotidien. Elle r\u00e9pertorie des plaintes somatiques r\u00e9currentes (troubles digestifs, insomnies, c\u00e9phal\u00e9es, difficult\u00e9s respiratoires, fatigue chronique, transpiration excessive) et des inqui\u00e9tudes li\u00e9es \u00e0 des handicaps ou maladies physiques. L&rsquo;inadaptation sanitaire refl\u00e8te une hypochondrie, une somatisation du stress psychologique ou des alt\u00e9rations physiologiques r\u00e9elles handicapant la participation sociale (ex. items 16, 22, 33, 67, 109, 149, 162, 170).<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\n<p>Le cadre conceptuel du Questionnaire d&rsquo;inventaire d&rsquo;adaptation s&rsquo;enracine principalement dans la <strong>psychologie de l&rsquo;adaptation<\/strong> issue des travaux fondateurs d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Meyer_(psychiatrist)\">Adolf Meyer<\/a>, de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hugh_M._Bell\">Hugh M. Bell<\/a> (cr\u00e9ateur du c\u00e9l\u00e8bre <em>Bell Adjustment Inventory<\/em> en 1934), et des th\u00e9ories hom\u00e9ostatiques de l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre biopsychosocial. Selon cette approche, l&rsquo;organisme humain fonctionne comme un syst\u00e8me ouvert engag\u00e9 dans une qu\u00eate constante d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre face aux stimuli et aux perturbations externes.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan d\u00e9veloppemental, l&rsquo;outil s&rsquo;inspire directement de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erik_Erikson\">th\u00e9orie du d\u00e9veloppement psychosocial d&rsquo;Erik Erikson<\/a>. Durant l&rsquo;adolescence et la post-adolescence, le sujet affronte la crise fondamentale de la construction de l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 face \u00e0 la confusion des r\u00f4les (<em>Identity vs. Role Confusion<\/em>), suivie de la qu\u00eate d&rsquo;intimit\u00e9 versus isolement. L&rsquo;adaptation r\u00e9ussie implique une autonomisation progressive vis-\u00e0-vis du carcan familial tout en maintenant un lien affectif s\u00e9curisant, l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration r\u00e9ussie dans le r\u00e9seau des pairs, la clarification des int\u00e9r\u00eats professionnels et la consolidation d&rsquo;un sentiment coh\u00e9rent d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;AIQ mobilise \u00e9galement le <strong>mod\u00e8le transactionnel du stress et du coping<\/strong> d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Lazarus\">Richard Lazarus<\/a> et Susan Folkman. L&rsquo;adaptation y est d\u00e9finie non pas comme un \u00e9tat statique, mais comme le r\u00e9sultat continu des \u00e9valuations cognitives que fait l&rsquo;individu de ses propres ressources face aux exigences de son milieu. Lorsque les exigences environnementales (par exemple, la charge acad\u00e9mique, la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 mat\u00e9rielle ou les attentes des parents) exc\u00e8dent les capacit\u00e9s per\u00e7ues par le sujet, un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre adaptatif s&rsquo;installe, se manifestant par des sympt\u00f4mes somatiques, des conduites d&rsquo;inhibition ou des affects d\u00e9pressifs.<\/p>\n<p>Enfin, Palsane (1977) a int\u00e9gr\u00e9 une perspective socioculturelle propre aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s en d\u00e9veloppement ou en mutation rapide. Dans ce contexte, les jeunes sont souvent confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des tensions aigu\u00ebs entre des mod\u00e8les culturels traditionnels (collectivisme familial, autorit\u00e9 patriarcale) et les exigences de la modernit\u00e9 universitaire et professionnelle (individualisme, comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9, relations mixtes). L&rsquo;inventaire int\u00e8gre ainsi des items \u00e9valuant sp\u00e9cifiquement la tol\u00e9rance aux divergences id\u00e9ologiques intrafamiliales, la libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;expression au sein du foyer et la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 naviguer au sein de codes institutionnels modernes.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique du Questionnaire d&rsquo;inventaire d&rsquo;adaptation a \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9e \u00e0 travers une s\u00e9rie d&rsquo;investigations portant sur sa validit\u00e9 de contenu, sa validit\u00e9 de construit, sa validit\u00e9 convergente et sa validit\u00e9 diff\u00e9rentielle :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et d&rsquo;apparence<\/h3>\n<p>Lors de la conceptualisation initiale par Palsane (1977), un vaste pool initial d&rsquo;items a \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation d&rsquo;un panel d&rsquo;experts compos\u00e9 de psychologues cliniciens, d&rsquo;enseignants-chercheurs et de conseillers d&rsquo;orientation. Les items retenus ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 des indices de validit\u00e9 de contenu (CVI) sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 0,85, garantissant que chaque domaine du fonctionnement psychosocial (maison, sant\u00e9, sph\u00e8re sociale, \u00e9motionnelle et scolaire) est ad\u00e9quatement repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 s\u00e9mantique.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et convergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de construit a \u00e9t\u00e9 corrobor\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations mod\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 fortes entre les sous-\u00e9chelles de l&rsquo;AIQ et des instruments valid\u00e9s mesurant des construits connexes. Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de Sathe (2010), des corr\u00e9lations inverses significatives ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablies entre les scores d&rsquo;inadaptation de l&rsquo;AIQ et les \u00e9chelles de bien-\u00eatre psychologique (<em>r<\/em> = -0,58 \u00e0 -0,71, <em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,001), d&rsquo;estime de soi de Rosenberg (<em>r<\/em> = -0,49 \u00e0 -0,64) et d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle acad\u00e9mique. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;inadaptation \u00e9motionnelle corr\u00e8le positivement et fortement avec l&rsquo;inventaire d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de Spielberger (STAI, <em>r<\/em> = 0,68) et les scores de d\u00e9pression de Beck (BDI, <em>r<\/em> = 0,62).<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive et diff\u00e9rentielle<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;AIQ d\u00e9montre une excellente validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive vis-\u00e0-vis des r\u00e9sultats acad\u00e9miques. Les analyses de r\u00e9gression multiple montrent que l&rsquo;adaptation scolaire et l&rsquo;adaptation personnelle pr\u00e9disent de mani\u00e8re significative le rendement aux examens standardis\u00e9s (rendement acad\u00e9mique), expliquant entre 18 % et 27 % de la variance des notes finales chez les adolescents (Sathe, 2010). Par ailleurs, l&rsquo;outil discrimine avec succ\u00e8s les populations cliniques ou en d\u00e9crochage scolaire des groupes t\u00e9moins bien adapt\u00e9s, d\u00e9montrant des tailles d&rsquo;effet substantielles (<em>d<\/em> de Cohen sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 0,80 sur l&rsquo;ensemble des sous-\u00e9chelles).<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;inventaire ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablies par l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de sa coh\u00e9rence interne et de sa stabilit\u00e9 temporelle test-retest au sein d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons normatifs diversifi\u00e9s :<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne<\/h3>\n<p>Les calculs du coefficient <strong>alpha de Cronbach<\/strong> pour l&rsquo;ensemble du questionnaire indiquent un niveau de pr\u00e9cision et de consistance tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9. Dans les travaux originaux de Palsane (1977) et les r\u00e9plications ult\u00e9rieures :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Adaptation familiale et domestique :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,84 \u00e0 0,88<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adaptation sociale :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,81 \u00e0 0,86<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adaptation personnelle et \u00e9motionnelle :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,85 \u00e0 0,89<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adaptation scolaire :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,82 \u00e0 0,87<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adaptation physique \/ sant\u00e9 :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,78 \u00e0 0,84<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle globale d&rsquo;adaptation :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,91 \u00e0 0,94<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les corr\u00e9lations item-total corrig\u00e9es d\u00e9passent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement 0,35 pour la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des items, confirmant l&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 interne de chaque domaine th\u00e9matique.<\/p>\n<h3>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest<\/h3>\n<p>La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9s apr\u00e8s des intervalles allant de deux \u00e0 quatre semaines. Les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation de Pearson test-retest se situent entre <em>r<\/em> = 0,76 et <em>r<\/em> = 0,87 pour les sous-\u00e9chelles individuelles, et atteignent <em>r<\/em> = 0,89 pour le score composite total. Ces coefficients confirment que l&rsquo;inventaire capture des traits adaptatifs relativement stables tout en demeurant sensible aux \u00e9volutions de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de l&rsquo;individu.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 structurelle de l&rsquo;instrument a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;investigations statistiques pouss\u00e9es au moyen d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exploratory_factor_analysis\">analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE)<\/a> par extraction en composantes principales avec rotation varimax et promax, suivies d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confirmatory_factor_analysis\">analyses factorielles confirmatoires (AFC)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse factorielle exploratoire initiale a mis en \u00e9vidence une configuration dominante \u00e0 cinq facteurs principaux dot\u00e9s de valeurs propres (<em>eigenvalues<\/em>) sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 1,5, expliquant collectivement plus de 52 % de la variance totale des scores. La matrice des saturations factorielles corrobore l&rsquo;agencement th\u00e9orique pr\u00e9\u00e9tabli par Palsane :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 (Adaptation personnelle\/\u00e9motionnelle) :<\/strong> sature fortement sur les items d\u00e9crivant la tension mentale, les sentiments d&rsquo;inf\u00e9riorit\u00e9, la peur de l&rsquo;\u00e9chec et les ruminations (charges factorielles comprises entre 0,42 et 0,74).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 (Adaptation sociale) :<\/strong> regroupe les \u00e9nonc\u00e9s li\u00e9s aux interactions avec autrui, \u00e0 la timidit\u00e9 en public, au leadership et \u00e0 l&rsquo;aisance verbale (charges de 0,40 \u00e0 0,71).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 (Adaptation familiale) :<\/strong> s&rsquo;articule autour des items \u00e9valuant le climat du foyer, les relations parentales et les contraintes domestiques (charges de 0,45 \u00e0 0,69).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 4 (Adaptation scolaire\/\u00e9ducative) :<\/strong> capture l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les \u00e9tudes, les relations \u00e9l\u00e8ves-enseignants et l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration aux cours (charges de 0,38 \u00e0 0,68).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 5 (Adaptation sanitaire\/physique) :<\/strong> rassemble les plaintes somatiques, l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie per\u00e7ue et les troubles du sommeil (charges de 0,41 \u00e0 0,66).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans les mod\u00e9lisations confirmatoires contemporaines par \u00e9quations structurelles (SEM), le mod\u00e8le pentafactoriel pr\u00e9sente des indices d&rsquo;ajustement satisfaisants : le rapport khi-deux sur degr\u00e9s de libert\u00e9 (\u03c7\u00b2\/ddl) est inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 2,5, l&rsquo;indice d&rsquo;ajustement comparatif (CFI) oscille autour de 0,91-0,93, l&rsquo;indice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI) est sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 0,90, et l&rsquo;erreur quadratique moyenne d&rsquo;approximation (RMSEA) se situe entre 0,042 et 0,051, corroborant la robustesse du mod\u00e8le pentadimensionnel.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;instrument :<\/strong> Questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation globale de l&rsquo;ajustement psychosocial.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon ou passation informatis\u00e9e \/ num\u00e9rique auto-administr\u00e9e en passation individuelle ou collective.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Adolescents scolaris\u00e9s dans l&rsquo;enseignement secondaire, \u00e9tudiants universitaires et jeunes adultes (environ 14 \u00e0 25 ans).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> L&rsquo;inventaire complet comprend une batterie exhaustive de d\u00e9clarations comportementales et affectives (364 items administr\u00e9s dans la version de recherche \u00e9tendue).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;origine utilise un format d&rsquo;accord\/d\u00e9saccord standardis\u00e9 auto-rapport\u00e9 (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement Oui \/ Ind\u00e9cis \/ Non ou Vrai \/ Faux \/ ? selon les versions d&rsquo;\u00e9talonnage). Dans la version de recherche directe, chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9 est formul\u00e9 \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne du singulier pour refl\u00e9ter l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience v\u00e9cue du participant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps de passation estim\u00e9 :<\/strong> 45 \u00e0 60 minutes pour la passation int\u00e9grale compl\u00e8te, ou 15 \u00e0 20 minutes pour les formes abr\u00e9g\u00e9es modulaires.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proc\u00e9dure de cotation :<\/strong> Chaque domaine fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;un score dimensionnel sp\u00e9cifique. Les items refl\u00e9tant des comportements inadapt\u00e9s ou une d\u00e9tresse sont cot\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 obtenir un indice d&rsquo;inadaptation (ou invers\u00e9s pour refl\u00e9ter l&rsquo;adaptation selon la cl\u00e9 de correction choisie). La sommation des sous-\u00e9chelles produit un score total composite d&rsquo;ajustement global. Les scores bruts sont ensuite convertis en percentiles ou en scores standardis\u00e9s (notes T ou st\u00e9nines) d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s des tables normatives diff\u00e9renci\u00e9es selon le genre et le niveau scolaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Manual for Adjustment Inventory<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 initialement en <strong>1977<\/strong> par le Pr M. N. Palsane. Les droits institutionnels et les versions imprim\u00e9es de recherche ont \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement \u00e9dit\u00e9s et distribu\u00e9s par des presses universitaires et des distributeurs de tests psychologiques en Inde (notamment \u00e0 Pune et Agra).<\/p>\n<p>Dans le domaine acad\u00e9mique et de la recherche scientifique non commerciale, les chercheurs peuvent acc\u00e9der aux items et aux protocoles via les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts universitaires officiels (tels que le r\u00e9servoir national de th\u00e8ses <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in\/\">Shodhganga \/ INFLIBNET<\/a>). L&rsquo;instrument est accessible \u00e0 des fins d&rsquo;enseignement et de recherche sous r\u00e9serve de citer scrupuleusement les travaux originaux de Palsane (1977) et les \u00e9tudes normatives de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (Sathe, 2010). L&rsquo;exploitation commerciale ou l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration dans des plateformes logicielles priv\u00e9es requiert l&rsquo;autorisation pr\u00e9alable des d\u00e9tenteurs des droits patrimoniaux du test.<\/p>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<p>Palsane, M. N. (1977). <em>Manual for Adjustment Inventory: Description of each area of adjustment<\/em> (pp. 1\u20132). Department of Psychology, University of Pune.<\/p>\n<p>Sathe, V. U. (2010). <em>Study of academic achievement and adjustment factors of urban and rural adolescent students<\/em> (Th\u00e8se de doctorat non publi\u00e9e, Department of Education, University of Pune). Shodhganga INFLIBNET. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in\/handle\/10603\/3838\">http:\/\/shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in\/handle\/10603\/3838<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bell, H. M. (1934). <em>The Adjustment Inventory: Adult form<\/em>. Stanford University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Lazarus, R. S., &amp; Folkman, S. (1984). <em>Stress, appraisal, and coping<\/em>. Springer Publishing Company.<\/p>\n<p>Rosenberg, M. (1965). <em>Society and the adolescent self-image<\/em>. Princeton University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781400876136\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781400876136<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n  Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-family:sans-serif;\">\n<ol>\n<li>I get all the necessary co-operation from my friends at school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>We friends study together.<\/li>\n<li>I am on intimate terms with more than one person.<\/li>\n<li>Though I am the youngest in the family\u201a I get the necessary freedom.<\/li>\n<li>I am somewhat of a timid temperament.<\/li>\n<li>I do not like teachers to be made fun of in the classroom.<\/li>\n<li>I always try to meet important people at public functions.<\/li>\n<li>I do not wish to change my school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>I do not think that I have disappointed my parents.<\/li>\n<li>I have a very large friend circle.<\/li>\n<li>I want to have friends.<\/li>\n<li>I get my difficulties solved by my teachers or other people.<\/li>\n<li>I prefer to have a few selective intimate-friends to many acquaintances.<\/li>\n<li>My parents do not criticize my personality.<\/li>\n<li>I am not very sensitive.<\/li>\n<li>I suffer from stomach-ache.<\/li>\n<li>It makes me sad not to have a mother.<\/li>\n<li>Most of our teachers are good.<\/li>\n<li>I can talk what I want to without hesitation in the presence of people.<\/li>\n<li>I can tell my difficulties to my parents freely.<\/li>\n<li>I become restless while studying.<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes I suffer from loss of sleep due to crowding of thoughts.<\/li>\n<li>I have very honest friends.<\/li>\n<li>I do not find it difficult to continue conversation with anyone.<\/li>\n<li>I want special help to get a part-time job.<\/li>\n<li>I cannot mix with others.<\/li>\n<li>I am always worried about something.<\/li>\n<li>My teachers hate me.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to go and sit in the hall after the programme or meeting has begun.<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes I participate in any movement or programme without thinking.<\/li>\n<li>We have all the facilities for extra-curricular activities in our school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>I feel shy to seek help from leaders.<\/li>\n<li>I perspire excessively.<\/li>\n<li>I am not afraid of the atmosphere in our school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>People feel that I have gone astray because of bad company.<\/li>\n<li>I am capable of solving my own difficulties.<\/li>\n<li>I want information about various post-graduate professions.<\/li>\n<li>I feel that 1 do not have enough knowledge about etiquettes.<\/li>\n<li>I do not worry about the future of my family.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to present report at a meeting.<\/li>\n<li>I often feel frightened without any reason.<\/li>\n<li>I do not get a conducive atmosphere to study in the college.<\/li>\n<li>I never tell a lie to others for my own benefit.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to present my own thoughts properly.<\/li>\n<li>I do not know in which subject I am interested.<\/li>\n<li>I do not have new types of things at home.<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes I have uncontrollable fits of laughter and crying.<\/li>\n<li>I feel that I have not chosen the right college.<\/li>\n<li>I cannot start a conversation with a complete stranger.<\/li>\n<li>I am afraid of being separated from the person whom I love.<\/li>\n<li>I do not know how time passes while I am engrossed in difficult activities.<\/li>\n<li>I rarely need medical help.<\/li>\n<li>I feel guilty after doing a bad deed.<\/li>\n<li>I cannot recall an answer to a question in an examination though I might know it.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to participate in social functions with friends of the opposite sex.<\/li>\n<li>I think that 1 have adequate intelligence.<\/li>\n<li>I do not think that the rules of our institution are unnecessary or impractical.<\/li>\n<li>If I have simple food when on a picnic\u201a I feel shy to share it with others.<\/li>\n<li>I am satisfied.<\/li>\n<li>All the boys and girls in our school \/college are very friendly with each other.<\/li>\n<li>I cannot stay away from my family.<\/li>\n<li>I can give sufficient time for my studies.<\/li>\n<li>I do not get easily dismooded from the work I plan to do.<\/li>\n<li>I voluntarily participate in drama\u201a communal songs\u201a etc.<\/li>\n<li>I am not afraid of examinations.<\/li>\n<li>I feel that in the face of difficulties it is best to hold peace.<\/li>\n<li>I often suffer from indigestion.<\/li>\n<li>I do not fear wars\u201a earthquakes\u201a famines etc.<\/li>\n<li>I do not like to bunk my school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>I do not find it difficult to mix with people of the opposite sex.<\/li>\n<li>I am always under severe mental tension.<\/li>\n<li>The other students always tease me.<\/li>\n<li>My parents are able to understand me.<\/li>\n<li>I always feel small because of my personality.<\/li>\n<li>My teachers understand my difficulties in matters other than studies.<\/li>\n<li>I am fond of everyone at home.<\/li>\n<li>I think I am successful in my life.<\/li>\n<li>I want appropriate help in choosing subjects for further studies.<\/li>\n<li>I quarrel with my brothers and sisters.<\/li>\n<li>I wish I had never been born.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to go to school\/college because of the irregularity of the buses.<\/li>\n<li>My sleep is disturbed by the slightest sound.<\/li>\n<li>I do not think that I am inferior to others.<\/li>\n<li>I take the lead in some of the activities in school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>I have many social responsibilities.<\/li>\n<li>I do not find it difficult to speak to boys\/girls.<\/li>\n<li>I have all the information about the library.<\/li>\n<li>I do not have unreasonable fear of darkness\u201a high places\u201a cockroahes etc.<\/li>\n<li>All my classmates are good.<\/li>\n<li>I can concentrate.<\/li>\n<li>I feel shy to leave a programme in progress.<\/li>\n<li>I want information about different professions after S.S.C.<\/li>\n<li>I can talk freely with others.<\/li>\n<li>I would like to know which occupation would suit me best.<\/li>\n<li>I always lose my things.<\/li>\n<li>I have worked as a leader in many meetings and committees.<\/li>\n<li>I always feel that 1 am dominated by my parents.<\/li>\n<li>I am eager to get more information about veneral diseases.<\/li>\n<li>I have a friendly and cordial relationship with my friends.<\/li>\n<li>I do not think that marriage is an unnecessary burden.<\/li>\n<li>My teacher criticizes me very much or points out my faults.<\/li>\n<li>I always try to bring life into a boring programme.<\/li>\n<li>I am generally happy.<\/li>\n<li>I do not like sports or games.<\/li>\n<li>I am afraid of failing.<\/li>\n<li>I want some advice regarding the selection of a college.<\/li>\n<li>I want some information regarding the preparation for an interview.<\/li>\n<li>I am not afraid of accidents.<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes I experience difficulty while breathing.<\/li>\n<li>My neighbors (boys and girls) take me with them for a walk.<\/li>\n<li>I think that my family life is as happy as that of my friends.<\/li>\n<li>I do not worry about my future.<\/li>\n<li>I talk about the social and political environment with my friends.<\/li>\n<li>I have good relations with almost all my classmates.<\/li>\n<li>I want to stop worrying.<\/li>\n<li>Hike to shoulder responsibility as a leader.<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes I tease or trouble other students.<\/li>\n<li>I can talk freely about my difficulties with my friends.<\/li>\n<li>I am not at all afraid of a new situation.<\/li>\n<li>I am not troubled even if the text books change often.<\/li>\n<li>I worry about whether my married life would be happy or not.<\/li>\n<li>I want to know the proper method of answering questions in the examination.<\/li>\n<li>I get more pleasure in doing difficult things than simple ones.<\/li>\n<li>The students and teachers in my school\/college respect each other.<\/li>\n<li>I like to talk to others.<\/li>\n<li>I avoid participating in social programmes due to lack of good clothes.<\/li>\n<li>I always concentrate on my studies.<\/li>\n<li>I have no worry about my future.<\/li>\n<li>I think that many of the existing subjects are not job oriented.<\/li>\n<li>I have to face many difficulties because of an unfavourable family environment.<\/li>\n<li>I cannot tolerate others\u2019 opinions and beliefs.<\/li>\n<li>I dislike unnecessary restrictions to come in the way of friendship with the opposite sex.<\/li>\n<li>I feel like committing murder.<\/li>\n<li>We have all educational facilities in our school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>I am free to use the radio at home.<\/li>\n<li>I am disgusted with my continuous illness.<\/li>\n<li>My parents are not suspicious.<\/li>\n<li>I have to tolerate inconveniences because I did not get a room in the hostel.<\/li>\n<li>I do not find it difficult to control my sexual feelings.<\/li>\n<li>I am worried about my parents\u2019 health.<\/li>\n<li>I am often inattentive at school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>I do not like to be dominated by girls.<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes I am emotionally disturbed without my reason.<\/li>\n<li>Every now and then I suffer from tonsils or other throat troubles.<\/li>\n<li>I do not get disappointed very easily.<\/li>\n<li>Other students have some misunderstandings regarding me.<\/li>\n<li>I generally attract everyone\u2019s attention during a programme.<\/li>\n<li>I take decisions very quickly.<\/li>\n<li>My digestive system is very good.<\/li>\n<li>My parents are always confused.<\/li>\n<li>I am not a victim of an inferiority complex.<\/li>\n<li>I want to take an aptitude test.<\/li>\n<li>I express my regrets without hesitation when I make mistakes.<\/li>\n<li>I try to bring about a compromise if there is a quarrel between friends.<\/li>\n<li>I feel frightened when I am alone.<\/li>\n<li>The results of my examination are always satisfactory \/good.<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes I have inexpressible thoughts.<\/li>\n<li>I like to take the initiative in talking to a newly introduced person.<\/li>\n<li>I have some difficulties which prevent me from experiencing the pleasures of student life.<\/li>\n<li>There are constant complaints and trouble at home.<\/li>\n<li>I have self-confidence.<\/li>\n<li>I always get sound sleep.<\/li>\n<li>I am not worried about old age.<\/li>\n<li>I do not have high blood pressure.<\/li>\n<li>I avoid meeting acquaintances in the street.<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes I feel like resisting the elders.<\/li>\n<li>I do not leave a lecture half-way (without an absolute reason).<\/li>\n<li>I have very cordial and affectionate relationship with my brothers and sisters.<\/li>\n<li>I cry very easily.<\/li>\n<li>I rarely get a headache.<\/li>\n<li>I do not like some teachers.<\/li>\n<li>I feel that my work gets the deserved admiration.<\/li>\n<li>I am proud of my father\u2019s profession.<\/li>\n<li>My friends do not have morality.<\/li>\n<li>I do not lose my confidence while competing with others.<\/li>\n<li>I worry about my friends.<\/li>\n<li>I participate enthusiastically in most of the activities of my school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>I do not hesitate to ask anything of the elders.<\/li>\n<li>Competition necessarily includes losing or winning.<\/li>\n<li>I have a permanent disease or defect.<\/li>\n<li>The financial difficulties of my family make me sad.<\/li>\n<li>I do not think that my physical handicap has arrested my progress.<\/li>\n<li>I get sufficient nutritious diet.<\/li>\n<li>I do not have differences of opinion on domestic matters with others.<\/li>\n<li>I rarely think that anyone will attack me.<\/li>\n<li>I like friends of my own sex.<\/li>\n<li>I have to face many difficulties in my student life because of my poor financial condition.<\/li>\n<li>If I behave awkwardly in the presence of others\u201a it keeps pricking me for a long time.<\/li>\n<li>I have kidney trouble.<\/li>\n<li>My teachers have misunderstandings regarding me.<\/li>\n<li>I feel like running away from my house.<\/li>\n<li>I am not afraid of my father.<\/li>\n<li>I move around freely with my friends.<\/li>\n<li>I am not very much worried about the successful competition of an academic year.<\/li>\n<li>I feel that I am a dull student.<\/li>\n<li>I always catch cold.<\/li>\n<li>I do not feel bad because I am short.<\/li>\n<li>I love to see plays and films.<\/li>\n<li>Many times I feel that my parents are unable to understand me.<\/li>\n<li>I feel shy while talking to a crowd.<\/li>\n<li>I need change of weather for my health.<\/li>\n<li>I am confident of making a lot of progress in my education.<\/li>\n<li>I suspect that someone is conspiring against me.<\/li>\n<li>I do not hesitate to make suitable criticism of others in a discussion.<\/li>\n<li>I do not have the permission to argue with my parents.<\/li>\n<li>I am generally in a happy mood.<\/li>\n<li>I rarely feel giddy.<\/li>\n<li>I want to befriend the people of the opposite sex.<\/li>\n<li>My friendship lasts long.<\/li>\n<li>I want to know whether I should continue my education or not.<\/li>\n<li>My family atmosphere is conducive to develop my personality.<\/li>\n<li>I have never thought of committing suicide.<\/li>\n<li>I am strong and healthy.<\/li>\n<li>I am engaged to the person I love.<\/li>\n<li>I do not like to be criticized by others.<\/li>\n<li>I mostly sit on the last bench in school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>I can easily make a speech at meetings.<\/li>\n<li>I do not envy other\u2019s happiness and prosperity.<\/li>\n<li>I feel very tired in the evening.<\/li>\n<li>I befriend others very quickly.<\/li>\n<li>I am not afraid of failure.<\/li>\n<li>I feel suffocated in the school\/college atmosphere.<\/li>\n<li>I feel like running away from home.<\/li>\n<li>I am very careless.<\/li>\n<li>I get fatigued even as I sit in the class room.<\/li>\n<li>I am not afraid of talking to the elders.<\/li>\n<li>My friends do not have etiquettes.<\/li>\n<li>I do not have any serious illness.<\/li>\n<li>My feelings get hurt very quickly.<\/li>\n<li>I feel I should have a different type of family.<\/li>\n<li>I am proud of my strong health.<\/li>\n<li>No one can compel me to behave against my will.<\/li>\n<li>We have many differences of opinion in our family.<\/li>\n<li>I cannot learn fast.<\/li>\n<li>I have no doubts about my capacity of getting success.<\/li>\n<li>I do not find it difficult to move around wearing different types of clothes at a function or in a group.<\/li>\n<li>I have a good appetite.<\/li>\n<li>I want to become more aggressive.<\/li>\n<li>I do not have any facility for reading at home.<\/li>\n<li>I do not like social restrictions.<\/li>\n<li>I do not like to do a job.<\/li>\n<li>When my parents allow me to go for a movie or a play my grandparents do not come in my way.<\/li>\n<li>On the whole\u201a I am lucky.<\/li>\n<li>Not having a father makes me sad.<\/li>\n<li>I like educational programmes in my school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>I always express my personal feelings to others.<\/li>\n<li>I do not feel like participating in debate after being defeated in one.<\/li>\n<li>I intermittently suffer from diarrohea.<\/li>\n<li>I do not have to pay much attention to my health.<\/li>\n<li>My attention wanders when my teachers teach.<\/li>\n<li>Some unrelated ideas break my chain of thought.<\/li>\n<li>I often fumble when I do not get the right word while conversing.<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes my father does not agree with my idea-my mother does.<\/li>\n<li>An unwanted thought keeps recurring.<\/li>\n<li>The teachers in our institution behave amiably with the students.<\/li>\n<li>I suffer from gases (dyspepsia).<\/li>\n<li>Sometimes I have a feeling of helplessness.<\/li>\n<li>My parents do not agree with my programmes.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to ask permission to leave a group.<\/li>\n<li>I do not lose hope very quickly.<\/li>\n<li>My mind always wanders.<\/li>\n<li>My parents are always ill.<\/li>\n<li>The pain due to the swelling of the ankle troubles me.<\/li>\n<li>I am not afraid of others\u2019 criticisms.<\/li>\n<li>I sometimes think that teachers teach false\u201a useless or incomprehensible things.<\/li>\n<li>I participate prominently in meetings and demonstrations.<\/li>\n<li>My eyesight is good.<\/li>\n<li>I can get along very easily with friends of different temperaments.<\/li>\n<li>My voice is fairly good.<\/li>\n<li>I have to borrow money because of the college expenses.<\/li>\n<li>We rarely quarrel at home.<\/li>\n<li>I have sympathy for others.<\/li>\n<li>I cannot pronounce certain words properly.<\/li>\n<li>My parents love me.<\/li>\n<li>I become more alert when my capacity is being tested.<\/li>\n<li>I think that the discipline in my school\/college is not correct.<\/li>\n<li>When people whisper\u201a I think they talk about me.<\/li>\n<li>My memory is good.<\/li>\n<li>I become frightened at an examination or a competition.<\/li>\n<li>I think that I am fully developed sexually.<\/li>\n<li>I participate with a liking in social activities.<\/li>\n<li>I am not aware of different types of enjoyments.<\/li>\n<li>On the whole I like the present educational system.<\/li>\n<li>My patents do not have unnecessary arguments about my studies.<\/li>\n<li>I do not like fat people.<\/li>\n<li>No one trusts me at home.<\/li>\n<li>I feel fresh when I get up in the morning.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to attend the morning lectures as I have to come from a distance.<\/li>\n<li>I like playing a prominent part in the social programmes.<\/li>\n<li>I often feel that it would have been better\u201a had I been a member of the opposite sex.<\/li>\n<li>I am generally enthusiastic.<\/li>\n<li>I feel no one is fond of me.<\/li>\n<li>I generally do not remain absent from lectures at school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>I frequently feel nauseated.<\/li>\n<li>I like to help doing marriages or other ceremonial functions at friends\u2019 or relative\u2019 houses.<\/li>\n<li>I always feel bad when I cannot complete the work I plan to.<\/li>\n<li>I like to live alone.<\/li>\n<li>I want to have information regarding the special education needed for different occupations.<\/li>\n<li>I can get the social atmosphere and freedom that I desire at my residence.<\/li>\n<li>I always quarrel over small matters.<\/li>\n<li>I am not worried whether or not I can appear for the degree examination for want of money.<\/li>\n<li>The financial condition of my family is fairly good.<\/li>\n<li>My feelings about others are somewhat certain.<\/li>\n<li>I am unable to keep on talking to a newly introduced person.<\/li>\n<li>My habits of food\u201a sleep and studies are regular.<\/li>\n<li>I can participate freely in the conversation going on around me.<\/li>\n<li>I am in need of more money to take better care of my health.<\/li>\n<li>I worry whether or not others comprehend my thoughts.<\/li>\n<li>My parents allow me to go to the cinema.<\/li>\n<li>I worry about the examination.<\/li>\n<li>I know how to behave in particular situations.<\/li>\n<li>I have heart trouble.<\/li>\n<li>I do social work in my spare time.<\/li>\n<li>I get sound sleep at night.<\/li>\n<li>I think I have appropriate study habits.<\/li>\n<li>My parents do not neglect me.<\/li>\n<li>I often feel depressed.<\/li>\n<li>I think I am perfectly fit.<\/li>\n<li>I do not like to have religious or caste prejudices.<\/li>\n<li>I like fashionable people.<\/li>\n<li>I keep doing some responsible work at school\/college.<\/li>\n<li>I have to stay with my relatives.<\/li>\n<li>I do not think I am worthless.<\/li>\n<li>My weight is proportionate to my age and height.<\/li>\n<li>I frequently change friends.<\/li>\n<li>I am afraid of love\u201a courtship and friendship.<\/li>\n<li>My friends\u2019 circle\u201a though large\u201a does not interfere with my studies.<\/li>\n<li>I am free to present my opinions and behave according to them though my parents are orthodox.<\/li>\n<li>It seems that no one can understand me.<\/li>\n<li>I think that my health is satisfactory.<\/li>\n<li>I avoid the occasions of introducing people during programmes.<\/li>\n<li>I think I am superior to others.<\/li>\n<li>I think my school\/college marks are satisfactory.<\/li>\n<li>I do not worry about my parents\u2019 failure.<\/li>\n<li>I spend most of my time thinking of sex.<\/li>\n<li>I take the lead in social programmes.<\/li>\n<li>I think I do not get the desired freedom at home.<\/li>\n<li>I fear that someone will attack me.<\/li>\n<li>I cannot understand the lectures.<\/li>\n<li>I am afraid of participating in debates without preparation.<\/li>\n<li>The atmosphere at home is disturbed because of the death of an important person in the family.<\/li>\n<li>I am not given to worrying or lamenting over trifle matters.<\/li>\n<li>Some of the teachers have an attitude of partiality.<\/li>\n<li>I cannot face a group of people.<\/li>\n<li>I am not afraid of my people.<\/li>\n<li>I still remember the hardships and sorrows of my childhood.<\/li>\n<li>I am completely engrossed in intellectual work.<\/li>\n<li>My parents do not criticize my behavior by quoting examples of other friends\u201a brothers and sisters.<\/li>\n<li>I have to often regret my actions.<\/li>\n<li>I am sometimes troubled by asthama.<\/li>\n<li>I dislike certain subjects.<\/li>\n<li>I like talking to others.<\/li>\n<li>I discuss important topics with my teachers.<\/li>\n<li>I want to become famous in the society.<\/li>\n<li>I feel lonely despite people being around me.<\/li>\n<li>Most of the time I stutter while answering orally in the class.<\/li>\n<li>I always feel that my brothers and I get all we desire.<\/li>\n<li>I have nightmares every few days.<\/li>\n<li>I play all kinds of games.<\/li>\n<li>I am regular about the homework given by my teachers.<\/li>\n<li>My parents are very strict.<\/li>\n<li>I have to tolerate difficulties because of lack of independence.<\/li>\n<li>I do not participate in competitions because of fear of failure.<\/li>\n<li>I like my school\/college.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Questionnaire d&rsquo;inventaire d&rsquo;adaptation (AIQ) du Pr M. N. Palsane est une \u00e9chelle psychom\u00e9trique majeure \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;ajustement global des adolescents et \u00e9tudiants \u00e0 travers cinq domaines : familial, social, \u00e9motionnel, scolaire et sanitaire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[31,421,2],"tags":[665,17018,45,19454,19456,19457,19455,16,19458,419],"class_list":["post-13055","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-psychologiques","category-psychologie-de-leducation","category-psychometrie","tag-adaptation-psychosociale","tag-adaptation-scolaire","tag-adolescents","tag-ajustement-emotionnel","tag-inventaire-dadaptation","tag-orientation-scolaire","tag-palsane","tag-psychometrie","tag-recherche-universitaire","tag-sante-mentale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/13055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13055"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/13055\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}