{"id":13009,"date":"2026-10-03T11:41:48","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T11:41:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/communication-mediatisee-par-ordinateur-cmo\/"},"modified":"2026-10-03T11:41:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T11:41:48","slug":"communication-mediatisee-par-ordinateur-cmo","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=communication-mediatisee-par-ordinateur-cmo","title":{"rendered":"Communication m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e par ordinateur (CMO)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019<strong>\u00c9chelle de comp\u00e9tence en communication m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e par ordinateur<\/strong> (<em>Computer-Mediated Communication Competence Scale<\/em>, CMCC), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par le professeur <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brian_Spitzberg\">Brian H. Spitzberg<\/a> en 2006, constitue l\u2019un des instruments psychom\u00e9triques les plus complets et rigoureux con\u00e7us pour \u00e9valuer les aptitudes individuelles \u00e0 interagir efficacement et de mani\u00e8re appropri\u00e9e via les technologies num\u00e9riques. Ancr\u00e9e dans le mod\u00e8le int\u00e9gratif de la comp\u00e9tence communicationnelle interpersonnelle (Spitzberg &amp; Cupach, 1984), cette \u00e9chelle transpose les dynamiques des interactions en face-\u00e0-face aux environnements virtuels synchrones et asynchrones, tels que le courrier \u00e9lectronique, la messagerie instantan\u00e9e, les forums en ligne et les plateformes collaboratives contemporaines.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument comprend <strong>77 items<\/strong> structur\u00e9s autour d\u2019un mod\u00e8le multidimensionnel comprenant des composantes cognitives, affectives, comportementales et \u00e9valuatives : la <em>Motivation<\/em>, les <em>Connaissances<\/em> (Knowledge), le <em>Sentiment d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle<\/em> (Efficacy), les <em>Habilet\u00e9s interactives<\/em> (Skills d\u00e9compos\u00e9es en Coordination, Attention, Expressivit\u00e9 et Sang-froid), la <em>S\u00e9lectivit\u00e9 des m\u00e9dias<\/em> (Selectivity), ainsi que les crit\u00e8res d\u2019\u00e9valuation interactionnelle que sont la <em>Convenance<\/em> (Appropriateness), l&rsquo;<em>Efficacit\u00e9<\/em> (Effectiveness), la <em>Clart\u00e9<\/em> (Clarity), la <em>Satisfaction<\/em>, l&rsquo;<em>Attractivit\u00e9 relationnelle<\/em>, l&rsquo;<em>Efficience\/Productivit\u00e9<\/em> et l&rsquo;<em>Utilisation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/em> (General Usage).<\/p>\n<p>Les participants r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89chelle_de_Likert\">Likert en 5 points<\/a> allant de 1 (\u00ab not at all true of me \u00bb \/ pas du tout vrai pour moi) \u00e0 5 (\u00ab very true of me \u00bb \/ tout \u00e0 fait vrai pour moi). Les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de validation d\u00e9montrent d\u2019excellentes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de consistance interne, avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach oscillant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,72 et 0,90 selon les sous-\u00e9chelles. L&rsquo;outil fait autorit\u00e9 en psychologie sociale, en sciences de l&rsquo;information et de la communication, ainsi qu&rsquo;en gestion des ressources humaines pour \u00e9valuer les comp\u00e9tences num\u00e9riques et optimiser la collaboration virtuelle.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>communication m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e par ordinateur, comp\u00e9tence communicationnelle, Brian Spitzberg, psychom\u00e9trie, habilet\u00e9s relationnelles virtuelles, auto-efficacit\u00e9 technologique, communication num\u00e9rique, th\u00e9orie de la richesse des m\u00e9dias, validit\u00e9 factorielle, \u00e9valuation psychologique<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue et formalis\u00e9e par <strong>Brian H. Spitzberg<\/strong>, Ph.D., professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole de communication de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sdsu.edu\/\">San Diego State University<\/a> (SDSU), aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Chercheur de renomm\u00e9e internationale, Brian Spitzberg est une figure majeure de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude des processus de communication interpersonnelle, de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des comp\u00e9tences relationnelles et des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes d&rsquo;intrusion relationnelle (cyberharc\u00e8lement). Ses travaux pionniers ont permis d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnaliser le concept de comp\u00e9tence communicative \u00e0 travers divers contextes sociaux, organisationnels et m\u00e9diatis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Des adaptations et validations compl\u00e9mentaires en contextes virtuels et multilingues ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es par des \u00e9quipes internationales, notamment par <strong>Goran Buba\u0161<\/strong>, <strong>Danijel Rado\u0161evi\u0107<\/strong> et <strong>\u017deljko Hutinski<\/strong> de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Zagreb (Croatie), qui ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 raffiner la structure factorielle et les d\u00e9clinaisons appliqu\u00e9es de l&rsquo;instrument aux environnements d&rsquo;apprentissage et de travail en ligne.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019av\u00e8nement des technologies de l&rsquo;information et de la communication a profond\u00e9ment reconfigur\u00e9 la nature des interactions humaines. Si les mod\u00e8les traditionnels de comp\u00e9tence interpersonnelle s&rsquo;appuyaient largement sur des indices non verbaux (posture, contact visuel, prosodie), la communication m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e par ordinateur (CMO ou <em>Computer-Mediated Communication<\/em>, CMC) prive souvent les interlocuteurs de ces rep\u00e8res imm\u00e9diats, introduisant des asynchronies temporelles, des risques accrus de mauvaise interpr\u00e9tation et des exigences accrues en mati\u00e8re de litt\u00e9ratie num\u00e9rique. L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de la CMCC Scale est de fournir une mesure standardis\u00e9e, robuste et th\u00e9oriquement articul\u00e9e de la capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un individu \u00e0 naviguer avec succ\u00e8s dans ces \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes relationnels num\u00e9riques.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan th\u00e9orique, l&rsquo;instrument vise \u00e0 combler le foss\u00e9 entre les comp\u00e9tences techniques pures (savoir manipuler un ordinateur ou un logiciel) et les comp\u00e9tences psychosociales (savoir r\u00e9guler une interaction, faire preuve d&#8217;empathie par \u00e9crit, choisir le canal ad\u00e9quat et d\u00e9samorcer les conflits virtuels). Spitzberg a con\u00e7u cet outil pour d\u00e9terminer comment les dispositions cognitives et affectives d&rsquo;un individu se traduisent en comportements fonctionnels capables de produire des r\u00e9sultats relationnels mutuellement gratifiants.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le domaine de la recherche, la CMCC est utilis\u00e9e pour examiner les corr\u00e9lats de la performance communicationnelle en ligne : impact de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 num\u00e9rique, \u00e9mergence du leadership dans les \u00e9quipes virtuelles globales, efficacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;enseignement \u00e0 distance ou encore dynamique des relations intimes initi\u00e9es sur Internet. En milieu organisationnel et clinique, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle sert d&rsquo;outil diagnostique permettant d&rsquo;identifier les d\u00e9ficits d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 ou les biais comportementaux responsables d&rsquo;\u00e9puisement professionnel (technostress), d&rsquo;isolement social ou d&rsquo;inefficacit\u00e9 collaborative lors du travail \u00e0 distance.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit de comp\u00e9tence en communication m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e par ordinateur repose sur une conception tripartite de la comp\u00e9tence (cognition, affect, comportement), enrichie par les imp\u00e9ratifs du choix m\u00e9diatique et les jugements \u00e9valuatifs port\u00e9s sur l&rsquo;interaction. L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d\u00e9compose ce m\u00e9ta-construit en plusieurs dimensions fondamentales :<\/p>\n<h3>Motivation<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value l&rsquo;orientation affective et dispositionnelle de l&rsquo;individu \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard de la communication via les outils informatiques. Elle englobe \u00e0 la fois l&rsquo;enthousiasme, l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat intrins\u00e8que et le plaisir pris \u00e0 interagir en ligne, mais aussi, de mani\u00e8re inverse, l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, la nervosit\u00e9 ou l&rsquo;\u00e9vitement suscit\u00e9s par les environnements num\u00e9riques (ex. items invers\u00e9s sur l&rsquo;appr\u00e9hension). Un communicateur motiv\u00e9 aborde l&rsquo;interaction num\u00e9rique avec engagement plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;avec r\u00e9ticence.<\/p>\n<h3>Connaissances (Knowledge)<\/h3>\n<p>Les connaissances renvoient aux sch\u00e9mas cognitifs et aux savoirs proc\u00e9duraux relatifs \u00e0 la communication num\u00e9rique. Elles mesurent la conscience des normes interactives en ligne (n\u00e9tiquette), la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 anticiper les r\u00e9actions du destinataire, la ma\u00eetrise des registres linguistiques textuels et l&rsquo;habilet\u00e9 \u00e0 adapter le message aux contraintes sp\u00e9cifiques du support technologique utilis\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Auto-efficacit\u00e9 (Efficacy)<\/h3>\n<p>Inspir\u00e9e du concept d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sentiment_d%27auto-efficacit%C3%A9\">auto-efficacit\u00e9<\/a> d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Albert Bandura, cette sous-\u00e9chelle mesure la confiance qu&rsquo;a l&rsquo;individu en ses capacit\u00e9s d&rsquo;apprentissage, d&rsquo;appropriation et d&rsquo;utilisation courante des technologies de communication actuelles et \u00e9mergentes. Elle quantifie la tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 la frustration face aux \u00e9volutions logicielles et l&rsquo;adaptabilit\u00e9 technique.<\/p>\n<h3>Habilet\u00e9s communicationnelles (Skills)<\/h3>\n<p>Les habilet\u00e9s repr\u00e9sentent la mise en \u0153uvre comportementale concr\u00e8te de la comp\u00e9tence. Spitzberg les structure en quatre sous-dimensions critiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coordination :<\/strong> Gestion du timing, synchronisation des flux d&rsquo;\u00e9changes, capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 initier et clore \u00e9l\u00e9gamment des conversations, et tri rigoureux des flux informationnels (gestion de la bo\u00eete de r\u00e9ception).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Attention (Attentiveness) :<\/strong> D\u00e9monstration d&rsquo;\u00e9coute active en ligne, expression d&#8217;empathie et d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat pour autrui, personnalisation minutieuse des messages en fonction du destinataire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Expressivit\u00e9 (Expressiveness) :<\/strong> Richesse stylistique, clart\u00e9 narrative, recours ad\u00e9quat aux marqueurs affectifs (symboles expressifs, \u00e9motic\u00f4nes\/emojis) et usage constructif de l&rsquo;humour pour compenser l&rsquo;absence de signaux non verbaux.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sang-froid (Composure) :<\/strong> Clart\u00e9 assertive, affirmation de soi, confiance manifeste dans la formulation des opinions et ma\u00eetrise \u00e9motionnelle \u00e9vitant les d\u00e9rapages ou les messages flous.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>S\u00e9lectivit\u00e9 des m\u00e9dias (Selectivity)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante examine le jugement critique et strat\u00e9gique exerc\u00e9 par l&rsquo;individu lorsqu&rsquo;il choisit un canal particulier (courriel, appel t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique, visioconf\u00e9rence ou face-\u00e0-face). Elle \u00e9value la prise en compte de param\u00e8tres situationnels fondamentaux : urgence temporelle, degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;intimit\u00e9, complexit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;information, besoin de r\u00e9troaction instantan\u00e9e ou de remue-m\u00e9ninges collaboratif.<\/p>\n<h3>Impressions et R\u00e9sultats interactionnels<\/h3>\n<p>La comp\u00e9tence n&rsquo;existe que par le jugement qu&rsquo;elle suscite chez soi et chez autrui. L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle int\u00e8gre donc des mesures d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des r\u00e9sultats :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Convenance (Appropriateness) :<\/strong> Respect des normes sociales et contextuelles, \u00e9vitement des propos offensants.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Efficacit\u00e9 (Effectiveness) :<\/strong> Degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;atteinte des objectifs instrumentaux et relationnels fix\u00e9s lors de l&rsquo;\u00e9change.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clart\u00e9 (Clarity) :<\/strong> Pr\u00e9cision per\u00e7ue des messages et absence de malentendus ou d&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9s s\u00e9mantiques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Satisfaction et Attractivit\u00e9 :<\/strong> Plaisir retir\u00e9 des \u00e9changes et capacit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue \u00e0 susciter la sympathie d&rsquo;autrui en ligne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Efficience\/Productivit\u00e9 et Utilisation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale :<\/strong> Rendement temporel procur\u00e9 par la CMO et intensit\u00e9 d&rsquo;int\u00e9gration des outils dans le quotidien.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019architecture conceptuelle de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle CMCC repose principalement sur le <strong>mod\u00e8le componentiel de la comp\u00e9tence communicationnelle<\/strong> formalis\u00e9 par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/psychology\/communication-competence\">Spitzberg et Cupach (1984)<\/a>. Selon ce mod\u00e8le \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique, la comp\u00e9tence ne se r\u00e9duit pas \u00e0 une aptitude inn\u00e9e ou \u00e0 un trait de personnalit\u00e9 statique ; elle \u00e9merge d&rsquo;un processus dynamique et interactif compos\u00e9 de trois ingr\u00e9dients interd\u00e9pendants : la motivation (vouloir communiquer), la connaissance (savoir comment communiquer) et les habilet\u00e9s (pouvoir ex\u00e9cuter les comportements appropri\u00e9s). Ces trois composantes doivent converger pour produire deux r\u00e9sultats fondamentaux : la <em>convenance<\/em> (le respect des r\u00e8gles contextuelles sans violer les attentes) et l&rsquo;<em>efficacit\u00e9<\/em> (l&rsquo;atteinte des buts personnels de l&rsquo;\u00e9metteur).<\/p>\n<p>Pour transposer ce mod\u00e8le au cyberespace, Spitzberg a int\u00e9gr\u00e9 plusieurs th\u00e9ories ma\u00eetresses de la communication m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>La th\u00e9orie de la richesse des m\u00e9dias (Media Richness Theory)<\/strong> de Daft et Lengel (1986) : Cette approche postule que les diff\u00e9rents canaux de communication varient dans leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 transmettre des indices non verbaux, \u00e0 fournir un retour d&rsquo;information imm\u00e9diat et \u00e0 v\u00e9hiculer un langage naturel. La sous-\u00e9chelle de <em>S\u00e9lectivit\u00e9<\/em> de la CMCC refl\u00e8te directement la capacit\u00e9 du communicateur comp\u00e9tent \u00e0 apparier la complexit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 de sa t\u00e2che avec la richesse informationnelle ad\u00e9quate du canal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La th\u00e9orie du traitement de l&rsquo;information sociale (Social Information Processing Theory &#8211; SIP)<\/strong> d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Walther\">Joseph Walther<\/a> (1992) : Contrairement aux approches technologiques d\u00e9terministes jugeant les m\u00e9dias textuels pauvres et froids, la th\u00e9orie SIP d\u00e9montre que les acteurs sociaux sont capables de compenser l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;indices physiques en adaptant finement leur langage textuel et leur temporalit\u00e9 pour b\u00e2tir des relations interpersonnelles profondes. Les sous-dimensions <em>Expressivit\u00e9<\/em> et <em>Attention<\/em> de la CMCC captent pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ces processus d&rsquo;adaptation stylistique et chron\u00e9mique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;hyperpersonnalisation (Hyperpersonal Model)<\/strong> de Walther (1996) : Il met en lumi\u00e8re comment la s\u00e9lectivit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;auto-pr\u00e9sentation et l&rsquo;id\u00e9alisation des partenaires peuvent maximiser la satisfaction relationnelle en ligne, un aspect \u00e9valu\u00e9 dans les dimensions <em>Sang-froid<\/em>, <em>Attractivit\u00e9<\/em> et <em>Satisfaction<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle CMCC a \u00e9t\u00e9 rigoureusement \u00e9tablie \u00e0 travers plusieurs \u00e9tudes empiriques men\u00e9es par Spitzberg (2006) ainsi que par des r\u00e9plications ind\u00e9pendantes (notamment Buba\u0161 et al., 2003 ; Perry, 2010).<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et de construit<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de contenu a \u00e9t\u00e9 garantie par une d\u00e9rivation d\u00e9ductive exhaustive issue de plus de deux d\u00e9cennies de litt\u00e9rature sur la comp\u00e9tence interpersonnelle et les technologies de communication. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires ont confirm\u00e9 que les items saturent de mani\u00e8re ad\u00e9quate sur leurs construits th\u00e9oriques respectifs, d\u00e9montrant une partition claire entre les composantes d&rsquo;habilet\u00e9 (comportementales), d&rsquo;orientation cognitive\/affective et de jugement \u00e9valuatif.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente se manifeste par des corr\u00e9lations positives statistiquement significatives entre la comp\u00e9tence globale en CMO et des construits tels que l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 informatique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, l&rsquo;extraversion, l&rsquo;intelligence \u00e9motionnelle et la satisfaction conjugale ou relationnelle dans les \u00e9tudes portant sur les couples utilisant la messagerie (Perry, 2010). \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle montre des corr\u00e9lations fortement n\u00e9gatives avec l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de communication en ligne (<em>computer anxiety<\/em>), la solitude et l&rsquo;appr\u00e9hension communicationnelle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, attestant d&rsquo;une excellente validit\u00e9 discriminante.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive et de crit\u00e8re<\/h3>\n<p>La CMCC pr\u00e9dit de fa\u00e7on substantielle la performance collaborative dans les \u00e9quipes de travail virtuelles, le succ\u00e8s per\u00e7u des n\u00e9gociations par courriel et la r\u00e9tention des \u00e9tudiants inscrits dans des cursus universitaires enti\u00e8rement en ligne. Les individus obtenant des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s sur les sous-\u00e9chelles de <em>Clart\u00e9<\/em> et de <em>Coordination<\/em> rapportent une fr\u00e9quence nettement r\u00e9duite de conflits interpersonnels induits par des malentendus textuels.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument ont fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations approfondies, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant une tr\u00e8s forte homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 interne pour l&rsquo;ensemble des sous-\u00e9chelles. Dans les \u00e9tudes pivots de Spitzberg (2006) et de Buba\u0161 et al. (2003), les coefficients d&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 interne mesur\u00e9s via l&rsquo;<strong>alpha de Cronbach<\/strong> (&alpha;) pr\u00e9sentent les valeurs empiriques suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Motivation :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,85<\/li>\n<li><strong>Connaissances (Knowledge) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,90<\/li>\n<li><strong>Auto-efficacit\u00e9 (Efficacy) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,85<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coordination :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,78<\/li>\n<li><strong>Attention (Attentiveness) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,82<\/li>\n<li><strong>Expressivit\u00e9 (Expressiveness) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,74<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sang-froid (Composure) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,88<\/li>\n<li><strong>Convenance (Appropriateness) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,87<\/li>\n<li><strong>Efficacit\u00e9 (Effectiveness) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,85<\/li>\n<li><strong>Satisfaction :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,78<\/li>\n<li><strong>Productivit\u00e9 \/ Efficience :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,72<\/li>\n<li><strong>Utilisation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (General Usage) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,65<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interactivit\u00e9 \/ Orientation vers la t\u00e2che (Buba\u0161 et al.) :<\/strong> &alpha; compris entre 0,77 et 0,87<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (test-retest sur un intervalle de quatre semaines) a montr\u00e9 des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 0,80, indiquant que si les comp\u00e9tences sp\u00e9cifiques peuvent \u00e9voluer via la formation, les dispositions mesur\u00e9es par l&rsquo;outil t\u00e9moignent d&rsquo;une remarquable constance \u00e0 court et moyen termes.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes factorielles men\u00e9es lors de l&rsquo;\u00e9laboration de la CMCC ont suivi une approche s\u00e9quentielle rigoureuse, combinant l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analyse_factorielle_exploratoire\">analyse factorielle exploratoire<\/a> (AFE) avec rotation oblique (Promax\/Oblimin) et l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analyse_factorielle_confirmatoire\">analyse factorielle confirmatoire<\/a> (AFC) sur de larges \u00e9chantillons d&rsquo;utilisateurs de technologies num\u00e9riques.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse exploratoire a syst\u00e9matiquement extrait les clusters attendus, expliquant plus de 55 % de la variance totale cumul\u00e9e. Les saturations factorielles des items sur leurs dimensions th\u00e9oriques assign\u00e9es sont robustes, la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des items pr\u00e9sentant des saturations primaires sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 0,50 et des saturations crois\u00e9es (<em>cross-loadings<\/em>) n\u00e9gligeables (&lt; 0,30).<\/p>\n<p>Les mod\u00e8les d&rsquo;\u00e9quations structurelles et d&rsquo;AFC test\u00e9s par Spitzberg (2006) soutiennent un mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique de second ordre dans lequel un m\u00e9ta-facteur de <em>Comp\u00e9tence globale en CMO<\/em> sous-tend les facteurs de premier ordre que sont les Habilet\u00e9s, la Motivation, les Connaissances et l&rsquo;Auto-efficacit\u00e9. Les indices d&rsquo;ajustement structurel obtenus r\u00e9pondent aux crit\u00e8res psychom\u00e9triques recommand\u00e9s : l&rsquo;indice de comparaison de Bentler (CFI) et l&rsquo;indice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI) d\u00e9passent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement 0,91, tandis que l&rsquo;erreur quadratique moyenne d&rsquo;approximation (RMSEA) demeure inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0,06 (intervalle de confiance \u00e0 90 % [0,048 ; 0,064]), confirmant l&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation conceptuelle et statistique de cette mod\u00e9lisation dimensionnelle.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom complet de l&rsquo;outil :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de comp\u00e9tence en communication m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e par ordinateur (<em>Computer-Mediated Communication Competence Scale<\/em> \u2013 CMCC).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Auteur :<\/strong> Brian H. Spitzberg (2006).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation (<em>self-report<\/em>) administrable sur support papier ou en version num\u00e9rique informatis\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 77 items r\u00e9partis en domaines fonctionnels.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert en 5 points gradu\u00e9e comme suit :<br \/>\n    1 = <em>not at all true of me<\/em> (pas du tout vrai pour moi)<br \/>\n    2 = <em>mostly not true of me<\/em> (plut\u00f4t faux pour moi)<br \/>\n    3 = <em>neither true nor untrue of me; undecided<\/em> (ni vrai ni faux pour moi ; ind\u00e9cis)<br \/>\n    4 = <em>mostly true of me<\/em> (plut\u00f4t vrai pour moi)<br \/>\n    5 = <em>very true of me<\/em> (tout \u00e0 fait vrai pour moi)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et inversion :<\/strong> Plusieurs items formul\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re n\u00e9gative n\u00e9cessitent une inversion pr\u00e9alable du score (le score invers\u00e9 = 6 &#8211; score brut). Les items invers\u00e9s identifi\u00e9s comprennent notamment les items <strong>2, 5, 11, 14, 15 et 18<\/strong>. Les scores moyens ou cumul\u00e9s sont ensuite calcul\u00e9s par sous-\u00e9chelle, permettant de dresser un profil d\u00e9taill\u00e9 des forces et des axes d&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration du r\u00e9pondant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e officiellement en <strong>2006<\/strong> au sein d&rsquo;une revue scientifique universitaire \u00e0 comit\u00e9 de lecture. Conform\u00e9ment aux usages acad\u00e9miques en psychom\u00e9trie et sciences de la communication, l&rsquo;instrument est accessible <strong>gratuitement \u00e0 des fins de recherche scientifique non commerciale et d&rsquo;enseignement<\/strong>, sous r\u00e9serve de citer scrupuleusement la publication princeps de Brian H. Spitzberg (2006).<\/p>\n<p>Toute utilisation commerciale, int\u00e9gration au sein d&rsquo;une plateforme d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation propri\u00e9taire, utilisation en contexte de recrutement ou prestation de conseil requiert l&rsquo;autorisation expresse pr\u00e9alable de l&rsquo;auteur et des ayants droit de la publication. Les chercheurs souhaitant traduire ou adapter l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle dans une autre langue sont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 contacter le Pr. Brian H. Spitzberg pour valider les proc\u00e9dures de r\u00e9tro-traduction.<\/p>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Buba\u0161, G., Rado\u0161evi\u0107, D., &amp; Hutinski, \u017d. (2003). Assessment of Computer Mediated Communication Competence: Theory and application in an online environment. <em>Journal of Information and Organizational Sciences<\/em>, 27(2), 53\u201371. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/hrcak.srce.hr\/12975\">https:\/\/hrcak.srce.hr\/12975<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Daft, R. L., &amp; Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. <em>Management Science<\/em>, 32(5), 554\u2013571. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/mnsc.32.5.554\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1287\/mnsc.32.5.554<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ladwig, M. A., &amp; Spitzberg, B. H. (2005). <em>Great expectations: An expectancy approach to computer-mediated communication competence<\/em>. Manuscrit pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence annuelle de la National Communication Association, Boston, MA.<\/li>\n<li>Morreale, S. P., Spitzberg, B. H., &amp; Barge, J. K. (2001). <em>Human communication: Motivation, knowledge, &amp; skills<\/em>. Wadsworth\/Thomson Learning.<\/li>\n<li>Perry, M. (2010). <em>Face to face versus computer-mediated communication: Couples satisfaction and experience across conditions<\/em> (Master&rsquo;s thesis, University of Kentucky). Theses and Dissertations&#8211;Family Sciences. 66. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/uknowledge.uky.edu\/gradschool_theses\/66\">http:\/\/uknowledge.uky.edu\/gradschool_theses\/66<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Spitzberg, B. H. (1983). Communication competence as knowledge, skill, and impression. <em>Communication Education<\/em>, 32(3), 323\u2013328. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03634528309378550\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03634528309378550<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Spitzberg, B. H. (1990). The construct validity of trait-based measures of interpersonal competence. <em>Communication Research Reports<\/em>, 7(2), 107\u2013116. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08824099009359862\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08824099009359862<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Spitzberg, B. H. (2006). Preliminary development of a model and measure of computer-mediated communication (CMC) competence. <em>Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication<\/em>, 11(2), 629\u2013666. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2006.00030.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2006.00030.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Spitzberg, B. H., &amp; Cupach, W. R. (1984). <em>Interpersonal communication competence<\/em>. Sage Publications.<\/li>\n<li>Spitzberg, B. H., &amp; Hoobler, G. (2002). Cyberstalking and the technologies of interpersonal terrorism. <em>New Media &amp; Society<\/em>, 4(1), 71\u201392. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614440222226271\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614440222226271<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Walther, J. B. (1992). Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: A relational perspective. <em>Communication Research<\/em>, 19(1), 52\u201390. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/009365092019001003\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/009365092019001003<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Walther, J. B. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. <em>Communication Research<\/em>, 23(1), 3\u201343. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/009365096023001001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/009365096023001001<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy communicating using computer media.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am nervous about using the computer to communicate with others. [R]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am very motivated to use computers to communicate with others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I look forward to sitting down at my computer to write to others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Communicating through a computer makes me anxious. [R]<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am very knowledgeable about how to communicate through computers.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am never at a loss for something to say in CMC.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am very familiar with how to communicate through email and the internet.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I always seem to know how to say things the way I mean them using CMC.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When communicating with someone through a computer\u201a I know how to adapt my messages to the medium.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don\u2019t feel very competent in learning and using communication media technology.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel completely capable of using almost all currently available CMCs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am confident I will learn how to use any new CMCs that are due to come out.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I\u2019m nervous when I have to learn how to use a new communication technology.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find changes in technologies very frustrating.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I quickly figure out how to use new CMC technologies.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I know I can learn to use new CMC technologies when they come out.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If a CMC isn\u2019t user friendly\u201a I\u2019m likely not to use it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I know when and how to close down a topic of conversation in CMC dialogues.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I manage the give and take of CMC interactions skillfully.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am skilled at timing when I send my responses to people who email me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am skilled at prioritizing (triaging) my email traffic.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I ask questions of the other person in my CMC.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I show concern for and interest in the person I\u2019m conversing with in CMC.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can show compassion and empathy through the way I write emails.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I take time to make sure my emails to others are uniquely adapted to the particular receiver I\u2019m sending it to.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am very articulate and vivid in my CMC messages.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I use a lot of the expressive symbols [e.g.\u201a ? for \u201csmile\u201d] in my CMC messages.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I try to use a lot of humor in my CMC messages.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am expressive in my CMC conversations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I display a lot of certainty in the way I write my CMC messages.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I use an assertive style in my CMC writing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have no trouble expressing my opinions forcefully on CMC.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I make sure my objectives are emphasized in my CMC messages.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My CMC messages are written in a confident style.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am skillful at revealing composure and self-confidence in my CMC interactions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">how quickly I need to get a message out to people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">how much benefit there would be to ha\u200eving the other(s) present face-to-face.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">how lively the interaction needs to be.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">how much access the person I need to communicate with has to the medium.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">how much information is involved in the message I need to communicate.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">how much access I have to the channel or medium.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">how long I need people to hang on to or remember the message.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">how many different uses and forms are needed (e.g.\u201a hardcopy\u201a image processing\u201a voicemail\u201a computer language\u201a etc.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">how personal or intimate the information in the message is.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">how quickly the receiver needs to react to the message.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">the extent to which I need to get some \u201cback and forth\u201a\u201d\u201cgive and take\u201a\u201d and interchange of ideas.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">the extent to which I need some creative brainstorming.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I avoid saying things through that might offend someone.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I pay as much attention to the WAY I say things as WHAT I say.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I never say things that offend the other person.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am careful to make my comments and behaviors appropriate to the situation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I generally get what I want out of interactions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I consistently achieve my goals in interactions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My interactions are effective in accomplishing what I set out to accomplish.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am effective in my conversations with others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get my ideas across clearly in conversations with others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My comments are consistently accurate and clear.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My messages are rarely misunderstood.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel understood when I interact with others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am generally satisfied with my communication encounters.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy my interactions with others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel good about my conversations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am generally pleased with my interactions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I can engage someone in conversation\u201a I can usually get them to like me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I come across in conversation as someone people would like to get to know.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I make friends easily.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">People generally enjoy my company when interacting with me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get a tremendous amount accomplished through CMC.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My CMC interactions are more productive than my face-to-face interactions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am more efficient using CMC than other forms of communication.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">CMC technologies are tremendous time-savers for my work.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">73<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I rely heavily upon my CMCs for getting me through each day.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">74<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I use computer-mediated means of communication almost constantly.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">75<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can rarely go a week without any CMC interactions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">76<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am a heavy user of computer-mediated communication.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">77<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I can use a computer for communicating\u201a I tend to.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9couvrez l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de comp\u00e9tence en communication m\u00e9diatis\u00e9e par ordinateur (CMCC) d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Brian H. Spitzberg (2006). Analyse psychom\u00e9trique compl\u00e8te, cadre th\u00e9orique, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9, validit\u00e9 et items originaux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[14607,154,2],"tags":[398,19338,9921,19018,16,19069,537],"class_list":["post-13009","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-communication","category-psychologie-sociale","category-psychometrie","tag-auto-efficacite","tag-cmcc","tag-communication-mediatisee-par-ordinateur","tag-competence-communicationnelle","tag-psychometrie","tag-spitzberg","tag-technostress"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/13009","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13009"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/13009\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13009"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13009"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13009"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}