{"id":12910,"date":"2026-10-03T08:50:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T08:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/intrusion-relationnelle-obsessionnelle-ori\/"},"modified":"2026-10-03T08:50:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T08:50:00","slug":"intrusion-relationnelle-obsessionnelle-ori","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=intrusion-relationnelle-obsessionnelle-ori","title":{"rendered":"Intrusion relationnelle obsessionnelle (ORI)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019<strong>Intrusion Relationnelle Obsessionnelle<\/strong> (<em>Obsessive Relational Intrusion<\/em> ou <strong>ORI<\/strong>), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par les professeurs <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_R._Cupach\">William R. Cupach<\/a> et Brian H. Spitzberg (2000, 2004), constitue un instrument psychom\u00e9trique de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence destin\u00e9 \u00e0 mesurer les comportements r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s et non d\u00e9sir\u00e9s d&rsquo;invasion de la vie priv\u00e9e qui surviennent lorsqu&rsquo;un individu cherche \u00e0 initier, maintenir ou r\u00e9tablir une relation interpersonnelle intime contre le gr\u00e9 de la cible. Con\u00e7ue initialement pour documenter les formes insidieuses de harc\u00e8lement relationnel au sein de populations universitaires et cliniques, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle se compose de <strong>63 items<\/strong> \u00e9valuant la fr\u00e9quence de victimisation v\u00e9cue depuis l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 18 ans.<\/p>\n<p>Le format de r\u00e9ponse repose sur une \u00e9chelle ordinale de fr\u00e9quence en 5 points allant de 0 (\u00ab Jamais \u00bb) \u00e0 4 (\u00ab Fr\u00e9quemment, plus de 10 fois \u00bb). L&rsquo;instrument permet d&rsquo;obtenir un score global d&rsquo;intrusion relationnelle et de harc\u00e8lement obsessionnel (<em>stalking victimization<\/em>), tout en distinguant quatre dimensions factorielles empiriquement valid\u00e9es : la <strong>Poursuite<\/strong> (<em>Pursuit<\/em>, 8 items), la <strong>Violation<\/strong> de l&rsquo;intimit\u00e9 et du domicile (<em>Violation<\/em>, 4 items), la <strong>Menace<\/strong> physique ou psychologique (<em>Threat<\/em>, 9 items) et l&rsquo;<strong>Hyperintimit\u00e9<\/strong> inappropri\u00e9e (<em>Hyperintimacy<\/em>, 13 items). Les autres items capturent des comportements connexes de surveillance, de d\u00e9nigrement et de pression sociale.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, l&rsquo;instrument d\u00e9montre une excellente coh\u00e9rence interne, avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach globaux oscillant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,92 et 0,96, et des indices de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 satisfaisants pour chacune des sous-\u00e9chelles factorielles (&alpha; = 0,74 \u00e0 0,89). La validit\u00e9 de construit est \u00e9tay\u00e9e par des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires, tandis que la validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante est d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par des associations robustes avec la d\u00e9tresse psychologique, le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder\">trouble de stress post-traumatique<\/a>, la peur, ainsi que les mesures de cyberharc\u00e8lement et de violence entre partenaires intimes (IPV). L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ORI est aujourd&rsquo;hui une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence incontournable en victimologie, en psychologie l\u00e9gale et dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de la communication interpersonnelle.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Intrusion relationnelle obsessionnelle, harc\u00e8lement relationnel, stalking, victimisation, William R. Cupach, Brian H. Spitzberg, poursuite relationnelle, hyperintimit\u00e9, psychom\u00e9trie, violence entre partenaires intimes.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;Intrusion Relationnelle Obsessionnelle (ORI) a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue et valid\u00e9e par deux figures majeures de la recherche en communication interpersonnelle et en psychologie sociale :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>William R. Cupach, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite au D\u00e9partement de Communication de l&rsquo;Illinois State University (Normal, Illinois, \u00c9tats-Unis). Sp\u00e9cialiste reconnu des aspects sombres de la communication humaine (<em>the dark side of interpersonal communication<\/em>), de la gestion des conflits et des dynamiques de rupture amoureuse.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Brian H. Spitzberg, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite distingu\u00e9 (<em>Distinguished Professor Emeritus<\/em>) \u00e0 la School of Communication de la San Diego State University (San Diego, Californie, \u00c9tats-Unis). Chercheur de renomm\u00e9e mondiale dans les domaines du harc\u00e8lement obsessionnel (<em>stalking<\/em>), de la comp\u00e9tence communicationnelle, de la violence interpersonnelle et de la cyber-agression. Courriel institutionnel : <a href=\"mailto:spitz@sdsu.edu\">spitz@sdsu.edu<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ORI est d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnaliser et de quantifier l&rsquo;exposition d&rsquo;un individu \u00e0 un ensemble de comportements d&rsquo;intrusion non d\u00e9sir\u00e9s, r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s et intrusifs perp\u00e9tr\u00e9s par une personne d\u00e9sirant \u00e9tablir ou restaurer un lien intime. Les auteurs ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 cet outil afin de combler un vide m\u00e9thodologique majeur : la s\u00e9paration artificielle, dans la litt\u00e9rature juridique et psychiatrique des ann\u00e9es 1990, entre le \u00ab harc\u00e8lement criminel \u00bb (<em>stalking<\/em> au sens p\u00e9nal strict) et les comportements d&rsquo;insistance amoureuse tenaces mais per\u00e7us \u00e0 tort comme b\u00e9nins.<\/p>\n<p>En pratique, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle sert plusieurs finalit\u00e9s compl\u00e9mentaires :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Recherche fondamentale en communication et en psychologie sociale :<\/strong> Elle permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier le spectre continu reliant la s\u00e9duction conventionnelle, la persistance romantique, l&rsquo;intrusion obsessionnelle et le harc\u00e8lement criminel violent. L&rsquo;outil quantifie la trajectoire d&rsquo;escalade comportementale qui caract\u00e9rise les s\u00e9parations dysfonctionnelles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuation victimologique et clinique :<\/strong> En contexte clinique, psychoth\u00e9rapeutique ou m\u00e9dico-l\u00e9gal, l&rsquo;instrument fournit une cartographie d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du profil de victimisation d&rsquo;un patient. Il permet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 des intrusions subies, d&rsquo;identifier les risques de dangerosit\u00e9 imminente (notamment via la sous-\u00e9chelle <em>Threat<\/em>) et d&rsquo;adapter les interventions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de gestion du traumatisme.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuation m\u00e9dico-l\u00e9gale et de justice p\u00e9nale :<\/strong> Utilis\u00e9e dans les enqu\u00eates victimologiques et les expertises m\u00e9dico-l\u00e9gales, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle permet d&rsquo;objectiver la chronicit\u00e9 et la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 des actes d&rsquo;intrusion (appels incessants, filatures, violations de propri\u00e9t\u00e9, contacts avec l&rsquo;entourage), facilitant ainsi l&rsquo;obtention d&rsquo;ordonnances de protection (<em>restraining orders<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sant\u00e9 publique et surveillance \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique :<\/strong> L&rsquo;outil a \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans les compendiums du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/index.html\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)<\/a> pour documenter la pr\u00e9valence des violences au sein des couples et mesurer l&rsquo;impact de ces intrusions sur la sant\u00e9 mentale, la productivit\u00e9 professionnelle et l&rsquo;isolement social des victimes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le concept d&rsquo;<strong>Intrusion Relationnelle Obsessionnelle (ORI)<\/strong> est formellement d\u00e9fini par Cupach et Spitzberg (1998, 2004) comme l&rsquo;occurrence r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e et non d\u00e9sir\u00e9e d&rsquo;actes d&rsquo;invasion de l&rsquo;intimit\u00e9 per\u00e7us par la cible comme intrusifs, mena\u00e7ants ou disproportionn\u00e9s, \u00e9manant d&rsquo;un individu qui recherche ou tente de maintenir un certain degr\u00e9 de proximit\u00e9 ou de relation intime, en l&rsquo;absence de consentement mutuel.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;ORI se distingue du simple rejet amoureux par son caract\u00e8re chronique, son insensibilit\u00e9 aux signaux de refus \u00e9mis par la cible, et son refus d&rsquo;accepter les fronti\u00e8res interpersonnelles. Contrairement aux d\u00e9finitions juridiques traditionnelles du harc\u00e8lement qui exigent souvent une menace explicite de mort ou de blessure grave et la d\u00e9monstration d&rsquo;une \u00ab peur raisonnable \u00bb, l&rsquo;ORI englobe un \u00e9ventail beaucoup plus vaste de comportements allant de l&rsquo;hyperintimit\u00e9 ambigu\u00eb \u00e0 la violence physique caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e. Le construit est d\u00e9compos\u00e9 en quatre dimensions factorielles principales, compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par des actes d&rsquo;agression sociale et de surveillance :<\/p>\n<h3>1. La Poursuite (Pursuit)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension regroupe les comportements d&rsquo;approche physique et d&rsquo;insistance g\u00e9ographique visant \u00e0 imposer la pr\u00e9sence de l&rsquo;agresseur dans l&rsquo;espace vital de la victime. Elle comprend 8 items sp\u00e9cifiques, notamment : attendre dans une voiture pr\u00e8s du lieu o\u00f9 se trouve la victime (item 17), attendre \u00e0 l&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur de son domicile (item 24), se pr\u00e9senter sur son lieu de travail avant ou apr\u00e8s ses horaires (item 11, item 54), rouler en voiture devant sa maison (item 13), ou laisser des mots sur son pare-brise (item 31) ou \u00e0 son domicile (item 35). Ces comportements mat\u00e9rialisent un pistage spatial r\u00e9current.<\/p>\n<h3>2. La Violation de l&rsquo;espace intime et priv\u00e9 (Violation)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante rassemble les transgressions s\u00e9v\u00e8res de la sph\u00e8re priv\u00e9e, de l&rsquo;intimit\u00e9 physique et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 mat\u00e9rielle (4 items). Elle inclut l&rsquo;effraction dans le domicile ou l&rsquo;appartement de la victime (item 63), l&rsquo;enregistrement de conversations \u00e0 son insu (item 29), la prise de photographies clandestines (item 47) et l&rsquo;envoi de photographies offensantes ou obsc\u00e8nes (item 26). Ces actes repr\u00e9sentent une atteinte explicite aux fronti\u00e8res de l&rsquo;autonomie individuelle et un m\u00e9pris flagrant des barri\u00e8res juridiques et spatiales.<\/p>\n<h3>3. La Menace physique et psychologique (Threat)<\/h3>\n<p>La sous-\u00e9chelle de menace (9 items) refl\u00e8te le versant agressif, intimidant et coercitif de l&rsquo;intrusion. Elle saisit des comportements tels que les menaces de violences physiques (item 5), les avertissements vagues selon lesquels de mauvaises choses vont arriver (items 6 et 30), les violences physiques directes comme bousculer, gifler ou frapper la victime (item 59), la destruction ou d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de biens mat\u00e9riels (item 62), les altercations verbales publiques (item 36), les insultes et insultes obsc\u00e8nes (item 39), ainsi que les accusations r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es de promiscuit\u00e9 sexuelle (\u00ab sleeping around \u00bb, item 7).<\/p>\n<h3>4. L&rsquo;Hyperintimit\u00e9 (Hyperintimacy)<\/h3>\n<p>Dimension caract\u00e9ristique de la s\u00e9duction obsessionnelle, l&rsquo;hyperintimit\u00e9 (13 items) englobe des d\u00e9monstrations d&rsquo;affection excessives, d\u00e9plac\u00e9es, grotesques ou pr\u00e9matur\u00e9es qui violent les normes sociales de politesse et de r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9. Elle comprend le fait de pr\u00e9tendre aupr\u00e8s de tiers que la relation est plus intime qu&rsquo;elle ne l&rsquo;est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 (item 3), des d\u00e9clarations d&rsquo;amour hyperboliques (item 19), des r\u00e9v\u00e9lations personnelles excessives et inappropri\u00e9es (<em>excessive self-disclosure<\/em>, item 14), le fait de demander continuellement une \u00ab seconde chance \u00bb (item 16), de r\u00e9pandre des rumeurs aupr\u00e8s des amis (item 50), de s&rsquo;imposer sans invitation dans des conversations priv\u00e9es (item 60), de d\u00e9crire des actes sexuels non sollicit\u00e9s (item 51), ou encore des attouchements physiques intimes non consentis (item 49).<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ORI s&rsquo;ancre dans un corpus th\u00e9orique articul\u00e9 autour de la <strong>Th\u00e9orie de la Poursuite des Buts Relationnels<\/strong> (<em>Relational Goal Pursuit Theory<\/em>, Cupach &#038; Spitzberg, 2004, 2014) et s&rsquo;inscrit dans le courant d&rsquo;\u00e9tude de la \u00ab Face Sombre de la Communication Interpersonnelle \u00bb (<em>The Dark Side of Interpersonal Communication<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>La Th\u00e9orie de la Poursuite des Buts Relationnels (RGP)<\/h3>\n<p>La th\u00e9orie RGP postule que la persistance relationnelle obsessionnelle \u00e9merge d&rsquo;un dysfonctionnement cognitif et autor\u00e9gulateur chez le poursuivant. Lorsqu&rsquo;une relation est refus\u00e9e ou rompue, la plupart des individus proc\u00e8dent \u00e0 un d\u00e9sengagement graduel de leur objectif amoureux. En revanche, chez l&rsquo;auteur d&rsquo;ORI, ce but d&rsquo;intimit\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifique subit un processus de <strong>liaison d&rsquo;objectifs<\/strong> (<em>goal linking<\/em>) : l&rsquo;obtention de la relation avec la cible particuli\u00e8re est subjectivement assimil\u00e9e \u00e0 des buts d&rsquo;ordre sup\u00e9rieur indispensables \u00e0 la survie psychologique de l&rsquo;individu, tels que l&rsquo;estime de soi fondamentale, le sens m\u00eame de la vie, la valeur personnelle et le bonheur ultime.<\/p>\n<p>En cons\u00e9quence de cette liaison d&rsquo;objectifs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Inondation \u00e9motionnelle (Emotional Flooding) :<\/strong> Chaque rejet ou tentative d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement de la part de la cible n&rsquo;est pas per\u00e7u comme une fin de non-recevoir d\u00e9finitive, mais comme une menace existentielle provoquant une angoisse massive et des ruminations obsessionnelles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biais cognitifs et rationalisation t\u00e9l\u00e9ologique :<\/strong> Le poursuivant d\u00e9veloppe des biais d&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation persistants : le silence de la victime est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme de la timidit\u00e9 ; un refus poli est per\u00e7u comme une invitation \u00e0 redoubler d&rsquo;efforts ; une intervention de la police est rationalis\u00e9e comme un obstacle temporaire \u00e0 surmonter pour prouver la force de son amour.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Escalade de l&rsquo;engagement (Escalation of Commitment) :<\/strong> Confront\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chec de ses tactiques initiales d&rsquo;hyperintimit\u00e9, l&rsquo;agresseur mobilise des tactiques de plus en plus intrusives (surveillance, poursuite g\u00e9ographique), qui d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e8rent fr\u00e9quemment en coercition et en menaces lorsque la cible r\u00e9affirme son rejet de mani\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Le mod\u00e8le interactionnel et communicationnel<\/h3>\n<p>Cupach et Spitzberg soulignent \u00e9galement que l&rsquo;ORI est un processus communicationnel dyadique, bien qu&rsquo;asym\u00e9trique. Dans les phases initiales, les victimes adoptent souvent des strat\u00e9gies de d\u00e9sescalade indirectes (politesse, esquive, r\u00e9ponses diff\u00e9r\u00e9es) afin de pr\u00e9server la \u00ab face \u00bb de l&rsquo;interlocuteur et d&rsquo;\u00e9viter un conflit ouvert. Or, ces signaux att\u00e9nu\u00e9s sont syst\u00e9matiquement mal interpr\u00e9t\u00e9s par le poursuivant comme une ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 encourageante. Lorsque la victime est contrainte d&rsquo;adopter des tactiques explicites et punitives (menaces l\u00e9gales, refus hostile), le poursuivant se sent trahi ou pers\u00e9cut\u00e9, basculant des comportements d&rsquo;hyperintimit\u00e9 vers des conduites de violation et de menace.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ORI a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations rigoureuses d\u00e9montrant des qualit\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques remarquables \u00e0 travers de multiples \u00e9chantillons h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8nes (\u00e9tudiants universitaires, populations communautaires adultes, \u00e9chantillons cliniques de victimes de harc\u00e8lement) :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et structurelle<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de construit est \u00e9tay\u00e9e par la coh\u00e9rence interne des sous-\u00e9chelles et la reproduction r\u00e9currente de sa structure factorielle. Les analyses confirment que l&rsquo;ensemble des 63 items refl\u00e8te un continuum de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 comportementale, allant de tactiques douces et socialement ambigu\u00ebs (envoyer des cartes, faire des compliments d\u00e9mesur\u00e9s) \u00e0 des infractions criminelles majeures (effraction, violences physiques, agression sexuelle). L&rsquo;organisation multidimensionnelle en quatre facteurs principaux (Poursuite, Violation, Menace, Hyperintimit\u00e9) rend compte de la majorit\u00e9 de la variance explicative des comportements d&rsquo;intrusion v\u00e9cus.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle est solidement \u00e9tablie par ses corr\u00e9lations statistiquement significatives avec de nombreuses variables psychologiques et traumatologiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9tresse psychologique et anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 :<\/strong> Des corr\u00e9lations positives \u00e9lev\u00e9es (<em>r<\/em> variant de 0,45 \u00e0 0,68, <em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,001) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9es entre le score total d&rsquo;ORI et les \u00e9chelles de d\u00e9pression (BDI), d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e (STAI) et de sympt\u00f4mes de stress post-traumatique (PCL-5, IES-R).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Peur per\u00e7ue :<\/strong> Les sous-\u00e9chelles <em>Threat<\/em> et <em>Pursuit<\/em> pr\u00e9sentent de tr\u00e8s fortes corr\u00e9lations (<em>r<\/em> &gt; 0,60) avec la peur ressentie par les victimes quant \u00e0 leur int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et leur survie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mesures de cyberharc\u00e8lement et violence conjugale :<\/strong> L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle montre une convergence forte (<em>r<\/em> = 0,55 \u00e0 0,72) avec le <em>Revised Conflict Tactics Scales<\/em> (CTS-2) et les instruments de mesure du cyber-stalking d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s ult\u00e9rieurement par Spitzberg et Hoobler (2002).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;ORI d\u00e9montre une excellente validit\u00e9 discriminante : elle se distingue nettement des mesures de conflit conjugal ordinaire non intrusif et des \u00e9chelles d&rsquo;incomp\u00e9tence sociale g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Les analyses multivari\u00e9es confirment que les scores d&rsquo;ORI pr\u00e9disent la d\u00e9tresse \u00e9motionnelle et le sentiment d&rsquo;invasion personnelle bien au-del\u00e0 de la simple survenue d&rsquo;un conflit relationnel ou d&rsquo;une rupture amoureuse banale.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;Intrusion Relationnelle Obsessionnelle ont \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es dans de nombreuses recherches empiriques conduites par Cupach, Spitzberg et des \u00e9quipes ind\u00e9pendantes internationales :<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne (Alpha de Cronbach)<\/h3>\n<p>La coh\u00e9rence interne globale de l&rsquo;instrument \u00e0 63 items est exceptionnellement \u00e9lev\u00e9e, atteignant de mani\u00e8re consistante des coefficients &alpha; sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 0,90 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Score global d&rsquo;ORI (63 items) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,92 \u00e0 0,96 selon les \u00e9chantillons (Cupach &#038; Spitzberg, 2000, 2004).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Poursuite (Pursuit &#8211; 8 items) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,82 \u00e0 0,87. Les corr\u00e9lations inter-items sont robustes (moyenne de <em>r<\/em> = 0,42).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Violation (Violation &#8211; 4 items) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,74 \u00e0 0,81. Bien que compos\u00e9e de 4 items seulement mesurant des \u00e9v\u00e9nements \u00e0 faible taux de base (effraction, enregistrements secrets), la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 demeure tout \u00e0 fait ad\u00e9quate.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Menace (Threat &#8211; 9 items) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,84 \u00e0 0,89.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Hyperintimit\u00e9 (Hyperintimacy &#8211; 13 items) :<\/strong> &alpha; = 0,83 \u00e0 0,88.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans les \u00e9tudes longitudinales et les protocoles \u00e9valuant la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle sur des intervalles de 4 \u00e0 8 semaines aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons communautaires, les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation test-retest (<em>r<\/em>) se situent entre 0,78 et 0,86. Cette stabilit\u00e9 est coh\u00e9rente avec la nature r\u00e9trospective de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation (fr\u00e9quence des \u00e9v\u00e9nements v\u00e9cus depuis l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 18 ans), confirmant que la rem\u00e9moration des intrusions majeures n&rsquo;est pas sujette \u00e0 des fluctuations mn\u00e9siques al\u00e9atoires.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>La structure factorielle de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement d\u00e9gag\u00e9e par Cupach et Spitzberg \u00e0 travers une s\u00e9rie d&rsquo;analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) utilisant l&rsquo;extraction en composantes principales et l&rsquo;affinement par factorisation en axes principaux, assortie de rotations obliques (Promax ou Direct Oblimin), compte tenu de l&rsquo;interd\u00e9pendance conceptuelle attendue entre les diff\u00e9rentes facettes de l&rsquo;intrusion.<\/p>\n<h3>R\u00e9sultats factoriels et saturation des items<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse empirique a permis d&rsquo;isoler quatre facteurs majeurs expliquant conjointement une part substantielle de la variance totale :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 : Poursuite (Pursuit) :<\/strong> Regroupe 8 items caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s par de fortes saturations factorielles (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement comprises entre 0,51 et 0,78). Les items constitutifs sont les items <strong>11, 13, 17, 24, 31, 35, 54 et 57<\/strong>. Ce facteur capture l&rsquo;invasion de l&rsquo;espace physique imm\u00e9diat et les d\u00e9placements g\u00e9ographiques de l&rsquo;agresseur autour du domicile et du lieu de travail.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 : Hyperintimit\u00e9 (Hyperintimacy) :<\/strong> Regroupe 13 items avec des saturations oscillant entre 0,44 et 0,72. Il comprend les items <strong>3, 14, 19, 23, 33, 42, 44, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53 et 60<\/strong>. Cette dimension refl\u00e8te la tentative d&rsquo;imposer un lien \u00e9motionnel ou sexuel fictif ou forc\u00e9 et de transgresser les limites communicationnelles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 : Menace (Threat) :<\/strong> Regroupe 9 items pr\u00e9sentant des saturations allant de 0,48 \u00e0 0,81. Compos\u00e9 des items <strong>1, 5, 6, 7, 30, 36, 39, 59 et 62<\/strong>, ce facteur rassemble les conduites de coercition explicite, d&rsquo;agression verbale, de menaces de violence physique et de d\u00e9gradation de biens.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 4 : Violation (Violation) :<\/strong> Regroupe 4 items avec des saturations factorielles comprises entre 0,46 et 0,75. Il est form\u00e9 des items <strong>26, 29, 47 et 63<\/strong>. Ce facteur isole les comportements d&rsquo;atteinte grave au domicile et de surveillance clandestine intrusive (photographies et enregistrements sans consentement).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les 29 items restants (tels que l&rsquo;espionnage par des tiers, les appels t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques sans r\u00e9ponse, l&rsquo;envoi de cadeaux ind\u00e9sirables ou les messages \u00e9lectroniques incessants) ne saturaient pas de mani\u00e8re pure sur un seul facteur ou pr\u00e9sentaient des saturations crois\u00e9es (<em>cross-loadings<\/em>) dans les premi\u00e8res solutions orthogonales\/obliques. Cependant, ils demeurent essentiels au score global d&rsquo;intrusion (<em>overall index of stalking victimization<\/em>) car ils d\u00e9crivent des modalit\u00e9s comportementales fr\u00e9quentes du harc\u00e8lement moderne.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom complet de l&rsquo;outil :<\/strong> Obsessive Relational Intrusion Scale (\u00c9chelle d&rsquo;Intrusion Relationnelle Obsessionnelle &#8211; ORI).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Auteurs :<\/strong> William R. Cupach &#038; Brian H. Spitzberg (2000, 2004).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation r\u00e9trospectif (<em>self-report inventory<\/em>) mesurant la victimisation. Peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre adapt\u00e9 pour \u00e9valuer la perp\u00e9tration.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 63 items comportementaux ferm\u00e9s, suivis d&rsquo;une question ouverte invitant le r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 renseigner d&rsquo;autres comportements d&rsquo;intrusion non list\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format et ancrage de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle ordinale en 5 points \u00e9valuant la fr\u00e9quence depuis la majorit\u00e9 civile (18 ans) :\n<ul>\n<li><strong>0<\/strong> = Never (Jamais)<\/li>\n<li><strong>1<\/strong> = Once since the age of 18 (Une fois depuis l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 18 ans)<\/li>\n<li><strong>2<\/strong> = Rarely (i.e., 2 to 4 times since the age of 18) (Rarement, c.-\u00e0-d. 2 \u00e0 4 fois depuis l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 18 ans)<\/li>\n<li><strong>3<\/strong> = Sometimes (i.e., 5 to 9 times since the age of 18) (Parfois, c.-\u00e0-d. 5 \u00e0 9 fois depuis l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 18 ans)<\/li>\n<li><strong>4<\/strong> = Frequently (i.e., more than 10 times since the age 18) (Fr\u00e9quemment, c.-\u00e0-d. plus de 10 fois depuis l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 18 ans)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcul des scores et cotation :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Score global de victimisation (Overall Stalking Index) :<\/strong> Somme directe de l&rsquo;ensemble des 63 items (\u00e9tendue de 0 \u00e0 252). Des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s indiquent un niveau s\u00e9v\u00e8re et r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9 de victimisation par intrusion relationnelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Poursuite (Pursuit) :<\/strong> Somme des items 11, 13, 17, 24, 31, 35, 54 et 57 (\u00e9tendue : 0 \u00e0 32).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Violation (Violation) :<\/strong> Somme des items 26, 29, 47 et 63 (\u00e9tendue : 0 \u00e0 16).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Menace (Threat) :<\/strong> Somme des items 1, 5, 6, 7, 30, 36, 39, 59 et 62 (\u00e9tendue : 0 \u00e0 36).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Hyperintimit\u00e9 (Hyperintimacy) :<\/strong> Somme des items 3, 14, 19, 23, 33, 42, 44, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53 et 60 (\u00e9tendue : 0 \u00e0 52).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e approximative de passation :<\/strong> 15 \u00e0 25 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Adultes \u00e2g\u00e9s de 18 ans et plus issus de la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, populations universitaires, victimes suivies en victimologie ou en milieu m\u00e9dico-l\u00e9gal. L&rsquo;outil peut s&rsquo;appliquer aux intrusions perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es par des ex-partenaires ou par des non-partenaires (connaissances, coll\u00e8gues, \u00e9trangers).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 formellement d\u00e9crit dans les articles fondateurs de 1998 et 2000, puis consolid\u00e9 dans son format \u00e0 63 items dans l&rsquo;ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence publi\u00e9 en <strong>2004<\/strong> (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> Copyright &copy; 2004, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. (d\u00e9sormais sous l&rsquo;\u00e9gide de Taylor &#038; Francis \/ Routledge).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acc\u00e8s pour la recherche et conditions d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument complet a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu accessible \u00e0 des fins de recherche scientifique et de sant\u00e9 publique via le compendium du CDC : <em>Measuring Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration: A Compendium of Assessment Tools<\/em> (pages 89-92), disponible en libre acc\u00e8s institutionnel. L&rsquo;utilisation acad\u00e9mique non commerciale est autoris\u00e9e sous r\u00e9serve de citation explicite des auteurs originaux (Cupach &#038; Spitzberg, 2000, 2004). Toute utilisation commerciale, num\u00e9risation propri\u00e9taire ou int\u00e9gration dans des logiciels marchands requiert l&rsquo;autorisation expresse des d\u00e9tenteurs de copyright.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarification :<\/strong> Gratuit pour la recherche universitaire et les applications \u00e0 vis\u00e9e non lucrative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Cupach, W. R., &#038; Spitzberg, B. H. (1998). Obsessive relational intrusion and stalking. In B. H. Spitzberg &#038; W. R. Cupach (Eds.), <em>The dark side of close relationships<\/em> (pp. 233\u2013263). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<\/li>\n<li>Cupach, W. R., &#038; Spitzberg, B. H. (2000). Obsessive relational intrusion: Incidence, perceived severity, and coping. <em>Violence and Victims<\/em>, 15(4), 357\u2013372. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/0886-6708.15.4.357\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/0886-6708.15.4.357<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cupach, W. R., &#038; Spitzberg, B. H. (2004). <em>The dark side of relationship pursuit: From attraction to obsession and stalking<\/em>. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781410610225\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781410610225<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cupach, W. R., &#038; Spitzberg, B. H. (2014). Everyday stalking: Obsessive relational intrusion and stalking. In C. A. Cuevas &#038; C. M. Rennison (Eds.), <em>The Wiley handbook on the psychology of violence<\/em> (pp. 385\u2013404). John Wiley &#038; Sons. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118303153.ch19\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118303153.ch19<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Spitzberg, B. H., &#038; Cupach, W. R. (2007). The state of the art of stalking: Taking stock of the emerging field. <em>Aggression and Violent Behavior<\/em>, 12(1), 64\u201386. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2006.05.001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2006.05.001<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Spitzberg, B. H., &#038; Hoobler, G. (2002). Cyberstalking and the technologies of interpersonal terrorism. <em>New Media &#038; Society<\/em>, 4(1), 71\u201392. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614440222226271\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614440222226271<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Thompson, M. P., Basile, K. C., Hertz, M. F., &#038; Sitterle, D. (2006). <em>Measuring intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration: A compendium of assessment tools<\/em>. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/ipv\/ipv_compendium.pdf\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/ipv\/ipv_compendium.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Called and argued with you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Would call and hang up without answering<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Told others you two were more intimate than you currently were<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Spied on you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Threatened you with physical harm<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Made vague warnings that bad things would happen to you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Accused you of \u201csleeping around\u201d<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Exposed him- or herself to you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Increased contact with your family members to stay involved<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Called a radio station and devoted song requests to you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Showed up before or after your work<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Cluttered your e-mail with frequent messages<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Drove by your house or work<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Engaged in excessive self-disclosure<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Performed large favors for you without your request or permission<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Constantly asked for another chance<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Waited in a car near where you were<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Accused you of somehow being unfaithful<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Made exaggerated claims of his\/her affection for you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Watched or stared at you from a distance<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Complained to you about how you ruined her\/ his life<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Followed you while you were carrying on a walking conversation<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Asked you if you were seeing someone<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Waited outside your place<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Used third parties to \u2018spy\u2019 or keep tabs on you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Sent you offensive photographs<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Made obscene phone calls to you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Sent you unwanted cards or letters<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Recorded conversations with you without yourknowledge<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Warned that bad things would or might happen<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Left notes on your car windshield<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Told you to stop doing certain things<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Gossiped or bragged about your relationship to others<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Went through your private things when in your room<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Left you written messages in or at your residence<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Tried to argue with you in public places<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Called at all times of the day or night to check on you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Knocked on your window when not expected<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Used profanity and obscene names in reference to you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Sent you unwanted gifts<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Argued with you about your relationship with other people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Made things up about your past relationship<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Sent you threatening notes\u201a letters\u201a or messages<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Refused to take hints that s\/he wasn\u2019t welcome<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Showed up before or after your classes<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Left frequent messages on your answering machine<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Took photographs of you without your previous knowledge<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Claimed to still be in an intimate relationship with you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Inappropriately touched you in an intimate way<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Spread false rumors or gossip about you to your friends<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Described acts of sex to you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Waited around near your conversation with another person<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Constantly apologized for past wrongs done<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Visited you at work<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Checked up on you through mutual acquaintances<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Followed you from place to place<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Called you while you were working<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Mailed or left gifts you had previously given him\/her<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Physically shoved\u201a slapped\u201a or hit you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Joined you uninvited while conversing with others<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Forced you to engage in sexual behavior against your will<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Damaged or destroyed property or possessions of yours<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Broke into your home or apartment<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;Intrusion Relationnelle Obsessionnelle (ORI), con\u00e7ue par Cupach et Spitzberg, mesure en 63 items les comportements r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s et non d\u00e9sir\u00e9s d&rsquo;invasion de la vie priv\u00e9e et de harc\u00e8lement relationnel (poursuite, violation, menace, hyperintimit\u00e9).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[3,154,2],"tags":[19102,15158,19065,19104,19067,14824,19105],"class_list":["post-12910","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-psychologie-clinique","category-psychologie-sociale","category-psychometrie","tag-cupach-et-spitzberg","tag-harcelement","tag-intrusion-relationnelle-obsessionnelle","tag-ori","tag-stalking","tag-victimisation","tag-violences-relationnelles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/12910","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12910"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/12910\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12910"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12910"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}