{"id":12767,"date":"2026-10-03T05:09:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T05:09:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/colon-health-survey-male\/"},"modified":"2026-10-03T05:09:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T05:09:52","slug":"colon-health-survey-male","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=colon-health-survey-male","title":{"rendered":"Enqu\u00eate sur la sant\u00e9 du c\u00f4lon (Hommes)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Enqu\u00eate sur la sant\u00e9 du c\u00f4lon (Hommes)<\/strong> (<em>Colon Health Survey [Male]<\/em>), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par la chercheuse Ann Mitchell Kimberly en 2009 au sein de l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.indiana.edu\">Universit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Indiana<\/a>, repr\u00e9sente un dispositif d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique et comportementale exhaustif con\u00e7u pour explorer les d\u00e9terminants psychosociaux, cognitifs et affectifs de l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion au d\u00e9pistage du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cancer_colorectal\">cancer colorectal<\/a> (CCR) chez les hommes. Historiquement, le cancer colorectal se positionne parmi les principales causes de mortalit\u00e9 par cancer dans le monde occidental, bien qu&rsquo;il soit largement \u00e9vitable et traitable lorsqu&rsquo;il est d\u00e9tect\u00e9 \u00e0 un stade pr\u00e9coce par des interventions endoscopiques telles que la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coloscopie\">coloscopie<\/a>. Malgr\u00e9 les recommandations cliniques unanimes, les taux de participation masculine demeurent sous-optimaux, entrav\u00e9s par des barri\u00e8res cognitives, logistiques et surtout \u00e9motionnelles singuli\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<p>Cet instrument composite de 64 items int\u00e8gre plusieurs dimensions fondamentales : le statut de d\u00e9pistage ant\u00e9rieur et les ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents m\u00e9dicaux personnels\/familiaux (items 1-15), les connaissances \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques et cliniques relatives au cancer colorectal (items 16-23), l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue face aux \u00e9tapes de la proc\u00e9dure (items 24-33), les barri\u00e8res g\u00e9n\u00e9rales per\u00e7ues incluant la peur de la douleur et les obstacles logistiques (items 34-47), deux questions qualitatives ouvertes explorant les sources directes de g\u00eane (items 48-49), et enfin une \u00e9chelle sp\u00e9cifique valid\u00e9e : la <strong>Colonoscopy Embarrassment Scale (CES)<\/strong> (items 50-64).<\/p>\n<p>Les formats de r\u00e9ponse varient selon les modules : questions dichotomiques (\u00ab Oui \u00bb \/ \u00ab Non \u00bb), choix multiples \u00e0 r\u00e9ponse unique, \u00e9chelles d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation ordinale de type Likert en 4 points mesurant le degr\u00e9 de certitude (\u00ab Pas du tout s\u00fbr \u00bb \u00e0 \u00ab Tr\u00e8s s\u00fbr \u00bb) ou d&rsquo;accordance (\u00ab Fortement en d\u00e9saccord \u00bb \u00e0 \u00ab Fortement d&rsquo;accord \u00bb). Les analyses psychom\u00e9triques initiales d\u00e9montrent une consistance interne robuste, avec un coefficient <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> exc\u00e9dant 0,85 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&#8217;embarras (CES) et les sous-\u00e9chelles d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9, ainsi qu&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 de construit confirm\u00e9e par des analyses factorielles exploratoires mettant en \u00e9vidence les aspects corporels, relationnels et proc\u00e9duraux de la g\u00eane chez l&rsquo;homme.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00e9pistage du cancer colorectal, coloscopie, sant\u00e9 masculine, Colonoscopy Embarrassment Scale, auto-efficacit\u00e9, barri\u00e8res per\u00e7ues, psychom\u00e9trie de la sant\u00e9, mod\u00e8le des croyances relatives \u00e0 la sant\u00e9, th\u00e9orie sociale cognitive, g\u00eane m\u00e9dicale, pr\u00e9vention oncologique, comportement de sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u, op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9 et valid\u00e9 par le Docteur <strong>Ann Mitchell Kimberly<\/strong> dans le cadre de ses travaux doctoraux \u00e0 l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/nursing.indiana.edu\">Indiana University School of Nursing<\/a> (Indianapolis, Indiana, \u00c9tats-Unis) en 2009. Ses recherches se sont concentr\u00e9es sur les disparit\u00e9s de sant\u00e9 li\u00e9es au genre, l&rsquo;oncologie pr\u00e9ventive, les comportements de recours aux soins et l&rsquo;impact des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes de genre sur la compliance aux examens gastro-intestinaux invasifs.<\/p>\n<p>Affiliation acad\u00e9mique principale : <em>Department of Adult Health, School of Nursing, Indiana University<\/em>. Les travaux de Kimberly ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supervis\u00e9s par un comit\u00e9 d&rsquo;experts en sant\u00e9 comportementale et en soins infirmiers oncologiques, contribuant \u00e0 combler un d\u00e9ficit th\u00e9orique majeur concernant la composante affective de l&#8217;embarras dans les examens rectaux masculins.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Le cancer colorectal repr\u00e9sente un enjeu critique de sant\u00e9 publique globale. Bien que l&rsquo;ex\u00e9r\u00e8se des polypes ad\u00e9nomateux lors de coloscopies de d\u00e9pistage r\u00e9duise substantiellement la mortalit\u00e9 incidente, les hommes manifestent fr\u00e9quemment une r\u00e9ticence marqu\u00e9e, diff\u00e9rant ou \u00e9vitant les examens pr\u00e9ventifs prescrits. L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de la <em>Colon Health Survey (Male)<\/em> est d&rsquo;\u00e9lucider la constellation multifactorielle de barri\u00e8res individuelles, cognitives et affectives qui entravent l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion masculine \u00e0 la coloscopie.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan clinique, le questionnaire vise \u00e0 outiller les professionnels de sant\u00e9 (gastro-ent\u00e9rologues, oncologues, m\u00e9decins g\u00e9n\u00e9ralistes, infirmiers de pratique avanc\u00e9e) afin d&rsquo;identifier rapidement les profils de patients \u00e0 risque de non-observance. La coloscopie requiert une pr\u00e9paration colique exigeante, implique l&rsquo;exposition de parties anatomiques intimes, induit une vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 physique sous s\u00e9dation et suscite chez de nombreux hommes une appr\u00e9hension li\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;intrusion rectale, souvent per\u00e7ue comme une menace \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 masculine ou \u00e0 l&rsquo;h\u00e9t\u00e9ronormativit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan de la recherche, cet instrument sert de paradigme d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation pour tester l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;interventions cibl\u00e9es d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation \u00e0 la sant\u00e9, de soutien motivationnel ou de protocoles de communication clinique visant \u00e0 d\u00e9mystifier la proc\u00e9dure et \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer la stigmatisation corporelle. Il permet de discriminer si la r\u00e9sistance d&rsquo;un individu \u00e9mane d&rsquo;un d\u00e9ficit d&rsquo;information (litt\u00e9ratie en sant\u00e9), d&rsquo;un sentiment d&rsquo;incomp\u00e9tence logistique (faible auto-efficacit\u00e9), de barri\u00e8res financi\u00e8res\/organisationnelles, ou d&rsquo;un embarras affectif aigu centr\u00e9 sur la nudit\u00e9, le regard des soignants et la perte de contr\u00f4le physiologique.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;enqu\u00eate op\u00e9rationnalise une structure conceptuelle multidimensionnelle int\u00e9grant quatre macro-construits interd\u00e9pendants r\u00e9gissant le comportement pr\u00e9ventif masculin :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents m\u00e9dicaux, exposition et litt\u00e9ratie en sant\u00e9 (Items 1-23)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante documente le profil de risque objectif du sujet (ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents de polypes, r\u00e9section colique, maladie inflammatoire chronique de l&rsquo;intestin telle que la rectocolite h\u00e9morragique ou la maladie de Crohn) et \u00e9value les connaissances factuelles sur l&rsquo;\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie du CCR. Elle mesure si le patient per\u00e7oit le cancer colorectal comme asymptomatique \u00e0 ses d\u00e9buts, s&rsquo;il comprend le r\u00f4le de l&rsquo;\u00e2ge (&ge; 50 ans) et de la pr\u00e9disposition g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, et s&rsquo;il appr\u00e9hende correctement la coloscopie comme un outil prophylactique capable de r\u00e9s\u00e9quer des l\u00e9sions pr\u00e9canc\u00e9reuses, et non pas uniquement comme un examen diagnostique r\u00e9actif en pr\u00e9sence de sympt\u00f4mes.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Auto-efficacit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et comportementale (Items 24-33)<\/h3>\n<p>Inspir\u00e9e de la th\u00e9orie d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Bandura\">Albert Bandura<\/a>, cette sous-\u00e9chelle mesure la confiance accord\u00e9e par le patient en sa propre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 ex\u00e9cuter les \u00e9tapes contraignantes de la coloscopie. Les facettes incluent la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 tol\u00e9rer et ing\u00e9rer la solution laxative de pr\u00e9paration colique, le respect du je\u00fbne hydrique et solide, l&rsquo;obtention d&rsquo;un moyen de transport post-s\u00e9dation, et la r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle permettant de maintenir le rendez-vous malgr\u00e9 l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 ou la crainte des r\u00e9sultats anatomopathologiques.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Barri\u00e8res g\u00e9n\u00e9rales per\u00e7ues et vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 cognitive (Items 34-47)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit quantifie les obstacles tangibles et imagin\u00e9s : anticipation de la douleur physique, peur de la perforation ou l\u00e9sion colique (iatrog\u00e9nie), contraintes temporelles, croyances erron\u00e9es sur l&rsquo;inutilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;examen en l&rsquo;absence de sympt\u00f4mes digestifs manifestes, et sentiment que la coloscopie n&rsquo;est pas prioritaire compte tenu de l&rsquo;\u00e2ge.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Embarras sp\u00e9cifique \u00e0 la coloscopie (Colonoscopy Embarrassment Scale &#8211; Items 50-64)<\/h3>\n<p>Composante novatrice de l&rsquo;instrument, l&#8217;embarras est ici mesur\u00e9 en tant qu&rsquo;\u00e9tat \u00e9motionnel auto-conscient complexe associant honte corporelle, pudeur menac\u00e9e et anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale. Les items explorent sp\u00e9cifiquement :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>L&#8217;embarras li\u00e9 au genre et au statut du praticien :<\/em> inconfort li\u00e9 au fait d&rsquo;\u00eatre examin\u00e9 par un m\u00e9decin de sexe f\u00e9minin ou par un professionnel inconnu.<\/li>\n<li><em>L&#8217;embarras li\u00e9 \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de tiers :<\/em> pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants en m\u00e9decine ou \u00e9l\u00e8ves infirmiers observant la proc\u00e9dure endoscopique.<\/li>\n<li><em>La perte de contr\u00f4le somatique et physiologique :<\/em> crainte d&rsquo;\u00e9mettre des gaz lors de l&rsquo;insufflation d&rsquo;air, de d\u00e9gager de mauvaises odeurs, ou de pr\u00e9senter un c\u00f4lon imparfaitement nettoy\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><em>L&rsquo;exposition anatomique et g\u00e9nitale :<\/em> anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 relative \u00e0 la visualisation, au toucher de la r\u00e9gion fessi\u00e8re et anale, et pr\u00e9occupation singuli\u00e8re chez l&rsquo;homme quant \u00e0 l&rsquo;exposition involontaire de son p\u00e9nis durant l&rsquo;intervention.<\/li>\n<li><em>La communication intime :<\/em> g\u00eane d&rsquo;\u00e9voquer verbalement ses habitudes f\u00e9cales ou des affections ano-rectales intimes avec le personnel soignant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9laboration de la <em>Colon Health Survey (Male)<\/em> repose sur la convergence synergique de deux cadres paradigmatiques majeurs en psychologie de la sant\u00e9 et du comportement : le <strong>Mod\u00e8le des croyances relatives \u00e0 la sant\u00e9<\/strong> (<em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_Belief_Model\">Health Belief Model<\/a><\/em>, HBM ; Rosenstock, 1974 ; Becker, 1974) et la <strong>Th\u00e9orie sociale cognitive<\/strong> (<em>Social Cognitive Theory<\/em> ; Bandura, 1986, 1997).<\/p>\n<h3>Le Mod\u00e8le des Croyances Relatives \u00e0 la Sant\u00e9 (HBM)<\/h3>\n<p>Le HBM postule que la d\u00e9cision d&rsquo;un individu d&rsquo;adopter un comportement pr\u00e9ventif r\u00e9sulte de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation cognitive de sa susceptibilit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue \u00e0 une maladie, de la gravit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue de celle-ci, de la balance entre les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices attendus de l&rsquo;action et les barri\u00e8res per\u00e7ues entravant cette action. Dans le cadre de la coloscopie, les barri\u00e8res per\u00e7ues ont syst\u00e9matiquement \u00e9merg\u00e9 dans la litt\u00e9rature empirique comme le pr\u00e9dicteur le plus puissant de la non-participation. Kimberly a enrichi ce cadre en postulant que l&#8217;embarras ne constitue pas simplement un inconfort mineur, mais une barri\u00e8re psychologique centrale agissant comme un co\u00fbt affectif insupportable pour de nombreux hommes.<\/p>\n<h3>La Th\u00e9orie Sociale Cognitive et l&rsquo;Auto-efficacit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Bandura postule que l&rsquo;intention comportementale ne suffit pas sans l&rsquo;<em>auto-efficacit\u00e9<\/em> (le sentiment personnel d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9), c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire la conviction intime que l&rsquo;on poss\u00e8de les capacit\u00e9s n\u00e9cessaires pour surmonter les obstacles situationnels. Dans la coloscopie, le comportement ne se limite pas \u00e0 se pr\u00e9senter \u00e0 un examen : il exige une s\u00e9quence d&rsquo;actions programm\u00e9es (boire de grandes quantit\u00e9s de poly\u00e9thyl\u00e8ne glycol au go\u00fbt d\u00e9sagr\u00e9able, g\u00e9rer des diarrh\u00e9es profuses d&rsquo;\u00e9vacuation, planifier un accompagnateur). Les items 24 \u00e0 33 traduisent directement cette notion de ma\u00eetrise op\u00e9rationnelle.<\/p>\n<h3>Psychologie du genre et construction de la masculinit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>La dimension affective de l&#8217;embarras s&rsquo;ancre dans les th\u00e9ories sociologiques de l&rsquo;h\u00e9g\u00e9monie masculine (Courtenay, 2000). Les normes traditionnelles de virilit\u00e9 masculine valorisent l&rsquo;invuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 physique, le contr\u00f4le de soi corporel et la fermeture des orifices corporels, tout en r\u00e9primant l&rsquo;aveu de faiblesse. L&rsquo;examen endoscopique impose une position g\u00e9nu-pectorale ou en d\u00e9cubitus lat\u00e9ral, l&rsquo;insertion rectale d&rsquo;un endoscope flexible et une d\u00e9pendance totale vis-\u00e0-vis d&rsquo;une \u00e9quipe soignante, ce qui entre en collision directe avec ces id\u00e9aux virils, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant un sentiment aigu de honte et d&rsquo;atteinte \u00e0 la pudeur.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique de l&rsquo;enqu\u00eate et de sa composante centrale (CES) a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une d\u00e9marche d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation rigoureuse men\u00e9e par Kimberly (2009) aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons d&rsquo;hommes \u00e9ligibles au d\u00e9pistage (&ge; 50 ans) :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et d&rsquo;apparence (Face &#038; Content Validity)<\/h3>\n<p>La g\u00e9n\u00e9ration initiale des items a \u00e9t\u00e9 aliment\u00e9e par une revue exhaustive de la litt\u00e9rature oncologique et par des entretiens qualitatifs exploratoires men\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;hommes confront\u00e9s au d\u00e9pistage. Un panel multidisciplinaire compos\u00e9 d&rsquo;oncologues, d&rsquo;infirmiers experts en gastro-ent\u00e9rologie et de psychologues de la sant\u00e9 a examin\u00e9 chaque item pour \u00e9valuer sa pertinence clinique, son ad\u00e9quation lexicale et son exhaustivit\u00e9, aboutissant \u00e0 un indice de validit\u00e9 de contenu (CVI) sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 0,90 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle globale.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit (Construct Validity)<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de construit a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tay\u00e9e par la technique des groupes connus et l&rsquo;analyse de corr\u00e9lation bivari\u00e9e. Les scores d&#8217;embarras (CES) et les barri\u00e8res per\u00e7ues \u00e9taient significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s chez les hommes qui n&rsquo;avaient jamais effectu\u00e9 de coloscopie comparativement \u00e0 ceux qui \u00e9taient \u00e0 jour dans leur protocole de surveillance (<em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,001). De surcro\u00eet, des corr\u00e9lations n\u00e9gatives statistiquement significatives ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es entre les scores d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 des barri\u00e8res \u00e9motionnelles per\u00e7ues (<em>r<\/em> variant de -0,38 \u00e0 -0,52, <em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,01).<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>Des mod\u00e8les de r\u00e9gression logistique binaire ont confirm\u00e9 que le score composite d&#8217;embarras de la coloscopie et l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 globale constituent des pr\u00e9dicteurs ind\u00e9pendants et statistiquement robustes de l&rsquo;intention d&rsquo;effectuer une coloscopie dans les six mois \u00e0 venir (items 13 et 14), confirmant la capacit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument \u00e0 discriminer l&rsquo;engagement comportemental effectif.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 et de consistance interne de la <em>Colon Health Survey (Male)<\/em> et de ses sous-ensembles standardis\u00e9s attestent de sa robustesse psychom\u00e9trique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle d&#8217;embarras (Colonoscopy Embarrassment Scale &#8211; items 50-64) :<\/strong> Les analyses ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 un coefficient <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9, oscillant entre <strong>&alpha; = 0,89<\/strong> et <strong>&alpha; = 0,93<\/strong>, t\u00e9moignant d&rsquo;une excellente coh\u00e9rence interne des 15 items relatifs \u00e0 l&#8217;embarras.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 (items 24-33) :<\/strong> Cette dimension de 10 items a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un alpha de Cronbach d&rsquo;environ <strong>&alpha; = 0,86<\/strong>, confirmant une homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 satisfaisante pour mesurer la confiance comportementale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle des barri\u00e8res per\u00e7ues (items 34-47) :<\/strong> La consistance interne de cette section h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne (douleur, temps, perforation, g\u00eane g\u00e9n\u00e9rale) a atteint un coefficient acceptable de <strong>&alpha; = 0,78<\/strong> \u00e0 <strong>0,82<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest) :<\/strong> \u00c9valu\u00e9e sur un sous-\u00e9chantillon \u00e0 deux semaines d&rsquo;intervalle chez des patients stables n&rsquo;ayant pas re\u00e7u d&rsquo;intervention \u00e9ducative, le coefficient de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse (ICC) pour la CES a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 une excellente reproductibilit\u00e9 (ICC = 0,84).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse de la dimensionnalit\u00e9 de la section d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 l&#8217;embarras (CES &#8211; items 50 \u00e0 64) a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e initialement par une <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analyse_factorielle\">analyse factorielle exploratoire<\/a> (AFE) utilisant la m\u00e9thode d&rsquo;extraction en axes principaux avec rotation oblique (Promax ou Oblimin), justifi\u00e9e par l&rsquo;interd\u00e9pendance th\u00e9orique des dimensions de l&#8217;embarras.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;indice de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO &gt; 0,85) et le test de sph\u00e9ricit\u00e9 de Bartlett hautement significatif (<em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,001) ont confirm\u00e9 l&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation factorielle des donn\u00e9es. L&rsquo;analyse a mis en lumi\u00e8re une solution pr\u00e9dominante \u00e0 trois ou quatre facteurs sous-jacents expliquant plus de 60 % de la variance totale :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 : Embarras d&rsquo;exposition corporelle et g\u00e9nitale<\/strong> (items 59, 60, 61, 63, 64) : saturations fortes (&gt; 0,65) pour la pr\u00e9occupation relative \u00e0 la vue et au toucher des fesses\/fessier, l&rsquo;insertion rectale du coloscope, et la peur que le p\u00e9nis ne soit pas recouvert.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 : Embarras li\u00e9 \u00e0 la perte de contr\u00f4le visc\u00e9ral et somatique<\/strong> (items 53, 58, 62) : saturations \u00e9lev\u00e9es (&gt; 0,60) pour l&rsquo;expulsion de gaz, les odeurs f\u00e9cales potentielles et l&rsquo;\u00e9chec per\u00e7u de la propret\u00e9 du c\u00f4lon.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 : Embarras relationnel et statut de l&rsquo;observateur<\/strong> (items 50, 51, 52, 55) : regroupant les variables associ\u00e9es au sexe de l&rsquo;op\u00e9rateur (femme endoscopiste), \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants observateurs et aux plaisanteries du m\u00e9decin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 4 : Embarras de communication intime<\/strong> (items 56, 57) : li\u00e9 \u00e0 la verbalisation obligatoire des sympt\u00f4mes ano-rectaux et du transit.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC) r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur des \u00e9chantillons de validation a valid\u00e9 l&rsquo;ajustement satisfaisant de ce mod\u00e8le multidimensionnel (RMSEA &le; 0,06 ; CFI &ge; 0,94 ; TLI &ge; 0,93), corroborant l&rsquo;architecture th\u00e9orique propos\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>La <em>Colon Health Survey (Male)<\/em> est un questionnaire auto-administr\u00e9 sur support papier ou \u00e9lectronique, sp\u00e9cifiquement destin\u00e9 aux hommes \u00e2g\u00e9s de 40 \u00e0 75 ans en contexte de d\u00e9pistage ou de suivi gastro-ent\u00e9rologique. Sa structure modulaire s&rsquo;organise ainsi :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Auto-questionnaire multidimensionnel de sant\u00e9 pr\u00e9ventive et d&rsquo;attitudes psychosociales.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 64 items structur\u00e9s, incluant 2 questions qualitatives ouvertes (items 48 et 49).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps de passation estim\u00e9 :<\/strong> 15 \u00e0 25 minutes selon le niveau de litt\u00e9ratie du r\u00e9pondant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Formats et \u00e9chelles de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Items 1 \u00e0 6, 11, 13 \u00e0 15 :<\/em> Format dichotomique nominal (\u00ab Yes \u00bb \/ \u00ab No \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><em>Items 7 \u00e0 10 :<\/em> Questions sociod\u00e9mographiques (\u00e9ducation, statut marital, race\/ethnie, revenu annuel).<\/li>\n<li><em>Item 12 :<\/em> \u00c9chelle ordinale temporelle (\u00ab Less than 10 years ago \u00bb, \u00ab More than 10 years ago \u00bb, \u00ab I have not had a colonoscopy \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><em>Items 16 \u00e0 23 :<\/em> Choix multiple pour mesurer les connaissances (contenant l&rsquo;option \u00ab Don\u2019t know \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><em>Items 24 \u00e0 33 (Auto-efficacit\u00e9) :<\/em> \u00c9chelle ordinale en 4 points : <em>Not at all sure<\/em> (1), <em>Not so sure<\/em> (2), <em>Somewhat sure<\/em> (3), <em>Very sure<\/em> (4).<\/li>\n<li><em>Items 34 \u00e0 47 (Barri\u00e8res g\u00e9n\u00e9rales) :<\/em> \u00c9chelle de Likert en 4 points : <em>Strongly disagree<\/em> (1), <em>Disagree<\/em> (2), <em>Agree<\/em> (3), <em>Strongly agree<\/em> (4).<\/li>\n<li><em>Items 48 et 49 :<\/em> R\u00e9ponses textuelles libres qualitatives.<\/li>\n<li><em>Items 50 \u00e0 64 (Colonoscopy Embarrassment Scale &#8211; CES) :<\/em> \u00c9chelle de Likert en 4 points : <em>Strongly disagree<\/em> (1), <em>Disagree<\/em> (2), <em>Agree<\/em> (3), <em>Strongly agree<\/em> (4).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et calcul des scores :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Score de connaissances (16-23) :<\/em> Nombre de r\u00e9ponses correctes (0 \u00e0 8).<\/li>\n<li><em>Score d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 (24-33) :<\/em> Somme brute (10 \u00e0 40) ou score moyen (1 \u00e0 4). Des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s indiquent une forte confiance en ses comp\u00e9tences d&rsquo;accomplissement.<\/li>\n<li><em>Score de barri\u00e8res (34-47) :<\/em> Somme ou moyenne des items. Des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s refl\u00e8tent une forte perception d&rsquo;entraves.<\/li>\n<li><em>Score de la CES (50-64) :<\/em> Somme brute allant de 15 \u00e0 60 (ou moyenne de 1 \u00e0 4). Des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s r\u00e9v\u00e8lent un niveau critique d&#8217;embarras \u00e9motionnel et corporel face \u00e0 la coloscopie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9veloppement :<\/strong> 2009.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Statut des droits et accessibilit\u00e9 :<\/strong> La <em>Colon Health Survey (Male)<\/em> et la <em>Colonoscopy Embarrassment Scale<\/em> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9es initialement dans le cadre de la th\u00e8se de doctorat d&rsquo;Ann Mitchell Kimberly \u00e0 l&rsquo;Indiana University. Conform\u00e9ment aux usages acad\u00e9miques universitaires am\u00e9ricains, l&rsquo;instrument est accessible \u00e0 des fins de recherche non commerciale, de pratique clinique et d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation p\u00e9dagogique, sous r\u00e9serve d&rsquo;une citation bibliographique formelle de l&rsquo;auteur original et de l&rsquo;institution d\u00e9positaire.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tarification :<\/strong> L&rsquo;utilisation acad\u00e9mique est libre de droits d&rsquo;auteur p\u00e9cuniaires (gratuit pour les chercheurs acad\u00e9miques et les structures de soins \u00e0 but non lucratif). Toute utilisation dans un cadre commercial ou dans le cadre d&rsquo;essais promus par l&rsquo;industrie pharmaceutique n\u00e9cessite l&rsquo;accord explicite pr\u00e9alable de l&rsquo;auteur ou du bureau des transferts technologiques de l&rsquo;Indiana University.<\/p>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les publications ci-dessous constituent le corpus th\u00e9orique, empirique et m\u00e9thodologique fondant l&rsquo;\u00e9laboration et la validation de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bandura, A. (1986). <em>Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory<\/em>. Prentice-Hall, Inc.<\/li>\n<li>Bandura, A. (1997). <em>Self-efficacy: The exercise of control<\/em>. W. H. Freeman and Company.<\/li>\n<li>Becker, M. H. (1974). The Health Belief Model and personal health behavior. <em>Health Education Monographs<\/em>, 2(4), 324-473. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109019817400200401\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109019817400200401<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Courtenay, W. H. (2000). Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men&rsquo;s well-being: A theory of gender and health. <em>Social Science &#038; Medicine<\/em>, 50(10), 1385-1401. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00390-1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00390-1<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Kimberly, A. M. (2009). <em>Development and testing of the Colonoscopy Embarrassment Scale<\/em> (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University School of Nursing). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.<\/li>\n<li>Kimberly, A. M., &#038; Rawl, S. M. (2010). Development and preliminary testing of the Colonoscopy Embarrassment Scale. <em>Oncology Nursing Forum<\/em>, 37(3), E188\u2013E196.<\/li>\n<li>Rawl, S. M., Menon, U., Champion, V. L., Foster, J. L., &#038; Skinner, C. S. (2000). Colorectal cancer screening beliefs. <em>Cancer Practice<\/em>, 8(3), 130-137. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-5394.2000.83006.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-5394.2000.83006.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). Historical origins of the Health Belief Model. <em>Health Education Monographs<\/em>, 2(4), 328-335. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109019817400200403\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109019817400200403<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you done a stool blood test at home in the last 12 months? Yes\u201a No<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you ever had a sigmoidoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy? Yes\u201a No<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you ever had a barium enema? Yes\u201a No<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you ever had a colectomy? Yes\u201a No<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you ever been told you have ulcerative colitis or Crohn\u2019s disease? Yes\u201a No<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you ever had cancer of the colon or rectum? Yes\u201a No<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What is your highest level of education?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What is your marital status?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What do you consider your race to be?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What is your total yearly combined household income?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you ever had a colonoscopy? Yes\u201a No<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When was your last colonoscopy? Less than 10 years ago\u201a More than 10 years ago\u201a I have not had a colonoscopy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Are you planning to have a colonoscopy in the next 6 months? Yes\u201a No<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do you have an appointment scheduled for a colonoscopy? Yes\u201a No<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Has a doctor ever recommended that you get a colonoscopy? Yes\u201a No<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Can colon cancer ever be prevented? Yes\u201a No\u201a Don\u2019t know<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Who is most likely to get colon cancer?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Which group is more likely to get colon cancer? Whites\u201a Blacks\u201a Hispanics\u201a There is no difference\u201a Don\u2019t know.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Who is more likely to get colon cancer?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Compared to a man\u201a what is a woman\u2019s chance of getting colon cancer?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What is the most effective way for people to lower their chances of dying from colon cancer?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What is a doctor able to see during a colonoscopy?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If you choose to have a colonoscopy and everything is normal\u201a when will you probably need to have your next one?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to get an appointment to have a colonoscopy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to find time to have a colonoscopy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to drink the special medicine (laxative) to clean out my bowel before a colonoscopy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to go without solid food for a day before the colonoscopy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to find transportation to get to and from the clinic to have a colonoscopy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to get my questions answered about ha\u200eving a colonoscopy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to follow instructions to clean out my bowel before a colonoscopy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to get a colonoscopy even if I am worried about the results.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to have a colonoscopy even if I don\u2019t know what to expect.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am able to have a colonoscopy even if I am anxious.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I worry about finding something wrong during a colonoscopy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ha\u200eving a colonoscopy is embarrassing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don\u2019t have the time to have a colonoscopy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don\u2019t understand what will be done during a colonoscopy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A colonoscopy could be painful.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would need to have a colonoscopy only if I have bowel problems or symptoms.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ha\u200eving to find someone to drive me home would be hard.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ha\u200eving to take the special medicine (laxative) to clean out my bowel before the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ha\u200eving to limit what I eat before the colonoscopy would be hard.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am afraid that my colon could be injured during a colonoscopy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ha\u200eving a colonoscopy is not that important right now.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Thinking about ha\u200eving a colonoscopy makes me feel nervous or jittery.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ha\u200eving to see a doctor I don\u2019t know would make it hard to have a colonoscopy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don\u2019t need a colonoscopy at my age.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">For me\u201a the most embarrassing part of ha\u200eving a colonoscopy would be:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be less embarrassed to have a colonoscopy if:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy if a female did the test.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy if I did not know the doctor doing the test.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy if a medical student or nursing student was in the room to watch.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy if I passed gas during the test.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy if I had to be awake for the test.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy if the doctor joked with me about the test.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy if I had to talk to the doctor or nurse about my bowel movements.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy if I had to talk to my doctor or nurse about problems with my bottom\/buttocks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy because my bowel may not be clean after the bowel prep.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy because of the size or appearance of my bottom\/buttocks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy because someone will be touching my bottom\/buttocks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy because the tube is being put into my rectum.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy because I might smell.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy because of concern that my penis would not be covered during the test.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would be embarrassed to have a colonoscopy because the doctor or nurse will see my bottom\/buttocks.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Colon Health Survey (Male) et la Colonoscopy Embarrassment Scale (Kimberly, 2009) \u00e9valuent les d\u00e9terminants psychosociaux, l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 et l&#8217;embarras influen\u00e7ant le d\u00e9pistage du cancer colorectal chez l&rsquo;homme.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[16782,65,2],"tags":[398,18815,18811,18810,81,18817,803,18816,16,18814],"class_list":["post-12767","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-oncologie-preventive","category-psychologie-de-la-sante","category-psychometrie","tag-auto-efficacite","tag-barrieres-percues","tag-cancer-colorectal","tag-colonoscopy-embarrassment-scale","tag-depistage","tag-endoscopie","tag-evaluation-comportementale","tag-kimberly-2009","tag-psychometrie","tag-sante-masculine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/12767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12767"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/12767\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}