{"id":12371,"date":"2026-10-02T17:51:58","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T17:51:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/echelles-de-valeurs-personnelles-pvs\/"},"modified":"2026-10-02T17:51:58","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T17:51:58","slug":"echelles-de-valeurs-personnelles-pvs","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=echelles-de-valeurs-personnelles-pvs","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chelles de valeurs personnelles (PVS)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Les <strong>\u00c9chelles de valeurs personnelles<\/strong> (<em>Personal Value Scales<\/em>, PVS), \u00e9labor\u00e9es initialement par le psychologue social William Abbott Scott en 1965, constituent un instrument psychom\u00e9trique pionnier con\u00e7u pour mesurer l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion d&rsquo;un individu \u00e0 un ensemble diversifi\u00e9 de normes morales et d&rsquo;id\u00e9aux r\u00e9gulateurs de conduite. D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans le cadre de recherches longitudinales approfondies sur la structure sociale, l&rsquo;acculturation et la dynamique de groupe au sein des organisations universitaires (notamment les fraternit\u00e9s et sororit\u00e9s \u00e9tudiantes), cet outil postule que les valeurs ne se r\u00e9duisent pas \u00e0 de simples pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences comportementales ou \u00e0 des traits de personnalit\u00e9, mais repr\u00e9sentent des conceptions explicites du d\u00e9sirable orientant le jugement axiologique.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument explore <strong>12 dimensions fondamentales<\/strong> : l&rsquo;intellectualisme (<em>Intellectualism<\/em>), la bienveillance (<em>Kindness<\/em>), les comp\u00e9tences sociales (<em>Social Skills<\/em>), la loyaut\u00e9 groupale (<em>Loyalty<\/em>), la r\u00e9ussite universitaire (<em>Academic Achievement<\/em>), le d\u00e9veloppement corporel (<em>Physical Development<\/em>), le statut social et le leadership (<em>Status<\/em>), l&rsquo;honn\u00eatet\u00e9 (<em>Honesty<\/em>), la religiosit\u00e9 (<em>Religiousness<\/em>), la ma\u00eetrise de soi (<em>Self-control<\/em>), la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 (<em>Creativity<\/em>) et l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance (<em>Independence<\/em>). L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle compl\u00e8te comprend des formulations directes et invers\u00e9es pour chaque sous-\u00e9chelle, tandis que la version abr\u00e9g\u00e9e standardis\u00e9e se compose de 60 items s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s pour leur repr\u00e9sentativit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique.<\/p>\n<p>Le format de r\u00e9ponse utilise une \u00e9chelle tripartite caract\u00e9ristique (\u00ab <em>Always Admire<\/em> \u00bb [Toujours admirer], \u00ab <em>Depends on Situation<\/em> \u00bb [D\u00e9pend de la situation], \u00ab <em>Always Dislike<\/em> \u00bb [Toujours d\u00e9sapprouver]), sollicitant une prise de position \u00e9valuative plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;une estimation de fr\u00e9quence comportementale. Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques initiales document\u00e9es par Scott d\u00e9montrent une consistance interne satisfaisante (indices d&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 de Scott variant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,20 et 0,45 ; coefficients alpha de Cronbach oscillant de 0,68 \u00e0 0,89 selon les dimensions), une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest robuste \u00e0 moyen terme (r = 0,70 \u00e0 0,85) ainsi qu&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante solidement appuy\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations comportementales observ\u00e9es en milieu institutionnel.<\/p>\n<h2>Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>valeurs personnelles, psychom\u00e9trie, William A. Scott, \u00e9valuation axiologique, intellectualisme, bienveillance, loyaut\u00e9 groupale, conformisme, ind\u00e9pendance, dynamique de groupe, psychologie sociale, mesure des attitudes.<\/p>\n<h2>Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue par <strong>William Abbott Scott<\/strong> (1926\u20131998), chercheur en psychologie sociale et cognitive. Form\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Michigan (PhD en psychologie sociale sous la direction du groupe de recherche en dynamique des groupes de l&rsquo;<em>Institute for Social Research<\/em>), Scott a \u00e9t\u00e9 professeur titulaire de psychologie \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Colorado \u00e0 Boulder, associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;<em>Institute of Behavioral Science<\/em>, avant de poursuivre ses travaux \u00e0 l&rsquo;<em>Australian National University<\/em> (Canberra).<\/p>\n<p>Ses travaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conduits en collaboration \u00e9troite avec des \u00e9quipes interdisciplinaires en sciences comportementales, ainsi qu&rsquo;avec <strong>Ruth Scott<\/strong> pour les adaptations transculturelles ult\u00e9rieures. Les \u00e9crits de Scott ont largement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9thodologie de construction des \u00e9chelles d&rsquo;attitudes, \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie de la complexit\u00e9 cognitive et \u00e0 l&rsquo;analyse structurelle des id\u00e9ologies politiques et institutionnelles.<\/p>\n<h2>Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental des <em>Personal Value Scales<\/em> est d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnaliser le concept de \u00ab valeur \u00bb en tant que structure normative et cognitive distincte des attitudes circonstancielles, des besoins biologiques ou des traits de personnalit\u00e9 descriptivement observ\u00e9s. Scott cherchait \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre un probl\u00e8me th\u00e9orique et m\u00e9thodologique majeur de la psychologie sociale des ann\u00e9es 1950 et 1960 : la confusion r\u00e9currente entre ce qu&rsquo;un individu <em>fait<\/em> r\u00e9ellement (comportement effectif), ce qu&rsquo;il <em>aime<\/em> faire (pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence affective ou h\u00e9donique) et ce qu&rsquo;il estime <em>devoir \u00eatre fait<\/em> ou admir\u00e9 (jugement moral et axiologique).<\/p>\n<p>Pour clarifier cette distinction, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour capturer la dimension morale d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation : lorsqu&rsquo;un r\u00e9pondant exprime qu&rsquo;il admire inconditionnellement un trait ou une ligne de conduite (par exemple, \u00ab dire la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 m\u00eame si cela blesse \u00bb), il formule un id\u00e9al prescriptif qui d\u00e9passe sa propre conformit\u00e9 comportementale imm\u00e9diate. Dans le contexte des recherches fondatrices men\u00e9es sur les organisations \u00e9tudiantes (fraternit\u00e9s et sororit\u00e9s), le PVS avait pour dessein :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D&rsquo;\u00e9valuer le degr\u00e9 de consensus axiologique n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la coh\u00e9sion d&rsquo;un groupe social restreint ;<\/li>\n<li>De mesurer l&rsquo;assimilation normative des nouveaux membres au cours des processus de socialisation organisationnelle ;<\/li>\n<li>D&rsquo;analyser l&rsquo;impact de l&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des valeurs sur la s\u00e9lection r\u00e9ciproque et le rejet des candidats lors des phases de cooptation ;<\/li>\n<li>D&rsquo;explorer l&rsquo;ajustement individu-organisation (<em>person-organization fit<\/em>) et ses cons\u00e9quences sur l&rsquo;engagement, l&rsquo;estime de soi et le bien-\u00eatre subjectif.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Au-del\u00e0 de son contexte d&rsquo;\u00e9mergence universitaire, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle trouve des applications directes en psychologie du travail et des organisations (alignement \u00e9thique en entreprise, prise de d\u00e9cision manag\u00e9riale, s\u00e9lection du personnel), en counseling (identification des conflits de valeurs interpersonnels ou conjugaux) et en psychologie clinique et transculturelle, offrant un cadre comparatif pour \u00e9valuer les mutations id\u00e9ologiques interg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelles.<\/p>\n<h2>Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique des PVS s&rsquo;articule autour de 12 dimensions axiologiques ind\u00e9pendantes, couvrant l&rsquo;ensemble des sph\u00e8res de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 humaine, des relations interpersonnelles, de la cognition et de l&rsquo;adaptation morale :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Intellectualisme (Intellectualism)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure la valorisation de la curiosit\u00e9 scientifique, de la vie de l&rsquo;esprit, des productions artistiques et de la compr\u00e9hension du monde contemporain. L&rsquo;individu admirant cette valeur place la connaissance th\u00e9orique, la culture g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et l&rsquo;engagement intellectuel au sommet de ses id\u00e9aux, rejetant l&rsquo;anti-intellectualisme, l&rsquo;\u00e9troitesse d&rsquo;esprit et l&rsquo;indiff\u00e9rence face aux enjeux internationaux.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Bienveillance (Kindness)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit traduit une orientation altruiste inconditionnelle, proche de la charit\u00e9 \u00e9thique et de l&rsquo;abn\u00e9gation. Il implique d&rsquo;accorder une primaut\u00e9 au bien-\u00eatre d&rsquo;autrui, y compris au d\u00e9triment de ses propres int\u00e9r\u00eats imm\u00e9diats, de faire preuve de pardon envers ceux qui causent du tort et d&rsquo;accueillir chaleureusement les personnes marginalis\u00e9es ou vuln\u00e9rables.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Comp\u00e9tences sociales (Social Skills)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9value l&rsquo;importance accord\u00e9e \u00e0 la gr\u00e2ce sociale, \u00e0 la biens\u00e9ance, \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tiquette, \u00e0 la politesse et \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;obtenir l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion des autres dans les contextes mondains. Elle refl\u00e8te le d\u00e9sir de faire bonne impression, d&rsquo;\u00e9viter les faux pas relationnels et de maintenir une harmonie polie en soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Loyaut\u00e9 groupale (Loyalty)<\/h3>\n<p>La loyaut\u00e9 mesure l&rsquo;attachement ind\u00e9fectible au groupe d&rsquo;appartenance (club, syndicat, organisation, fraternit\u00e9). L&rsquo;individu valorise la d\u00e9fense publique de l&rsquo;honneur de son groupe, le soutien inconditionnel de ses initiatives, l&rsquo;assomption de t\u00e2ches ingrates pour le collectif et la primaut\u00e9 des int\u00e9r\u00eats collectifs sur les dissensions individuelles internes.<\/p>\n<h3>5. R\u00e9ussite universitaire \/ Rendement acad\u00e9mique (Academic Achievement)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension appr\u00e9hende la rigueur scolaire, l&rsquo;assiduit\u00e9 dans les \u00e9tudes, la poursuite des meilleures notes et la qu\u00eate de distinctions acad\u00e9miques. Elle s&rsquo;oppose directement \u00e0 la culture de la m\u00e9diocrit\u00e9 ou au m\u00e9pris des efforts d&rsquo;apprentissage.<\/p>\n<h3>6. D\u00e9veloppement physique (Physical Development)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit renvoie \u00e0 la valorisation de la vigueur athl\u00e9tique, de l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9gance corporelle, de la sant\u00e9 physique, de l&rsquo;agilit\u00e9 et de la pratique r\u00e9guli\u00e8re du sport. Il mesure l&rsquo;id\u00e9alisation d&rsquo;un corps performant, r\u00e9sistant et soign\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>7. Statut social et leadership (Status)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette \u00e9chelle \u00e9value la valorisation du prestige, du pouvoir hi\u00e9rarchique, de la reconnaissance sociale et de l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 directive sur autrui. Elle traduit l&rsquo;admiration pour les postes d&rsquo;influence, la dignit\u00e9 publique et le respect formel accord\u00e9 par la communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>8. Honn\u00eatet\u00e9 et int\u00e9grit\u00e9 (Honesty)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;honn\u00eatet\u00e9 refl\u00e8te une adh\u00e9sion d\u00e9ontologique stricte \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 factuelle et au respect scrupuleux de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;autrui. Elle capture l&rsquo;exigence de v\u00e9racit\u00e9 absolue, le refus du mensonge utilitaire (m\u00eame bienveillant) et la r\u00e9pudiation de toute forme de tricherie ou de compromission morale.<\/p>\n<h3>9. Religiosit\u00e9 (Religiousness)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension quantifie la valeur accord\u00e9e \u00e0 la pi\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 l&rsquo;observance rituelle r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, \u00e0 la foi en une puissance divine sup\u00e9rieure et \u00e0 la recherche d&rsquo;orientations \u00e9thiques dans les textes sacr\u00e9s, tout en rejetant le scepticisme s\u00e9culier ou le mat\u00e9rialisme ath\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h3>10. Ma\u00eetrise de soi (Self-control)<\/h3>\n<p>La ma\u00eetrise de soi mesure l&rsquo;id\u00e9alisation de la retenue \u00e9motionnelle, du calme olympien et du contr\u00f4le de la col\u00e8re face \u00e0 la provocation. L&rsquo;accent est mis sur la suppression des explosions affectives, la patience et le maintien d&rsquo;une contenance impassible dans les situations de crise.<\/p>\n<h3>11. Cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et originalit\u00e9 (Creativity)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit capte l&rsquo;aspiration \u00e0 innover, \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des perspectives artistiques ou techniques in\u00e9dites, \u00e0 emprunter des voies non balis\u00e9es et \u00e0 rejeter la routine r\u00e9p\u00e9titive ou le conformisme m\u00e9thodologique.<\/p>\n<h3>12. Ind\u00e9pendance (Independence)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance traduit la valorisation de l&rsquo;autonomie de jugement, de la libre pens\u00e9e, de l&rsquo;anticonformisme et du courage d&rsquo;affirmer des opinions minoritaires en rupture totale avec les pressions normatives de la majorit\u00e9 sociale.<\/p>\n<h2>Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le cadre th\u00e9orique des PVS s&rsquo;inscrit au carrefour de la th\u00e9orie cognitive de la consistance, de l&rsquo;axiologie sociologique formalis\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clyde_Kluckhohn\">Clyde Kluckhohn<\/a> et de la th\u00e9orie des groupes de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Robert K. Merton et Theodore Newcomb. Kluckhohn (1951) d\u00e9finissait une valeur comme : \u00ab <em>une conception, explicite ou implicite, propre \u00e0 un individu ou \u00e0 un groupe, du d\u00e9sirable, qui influence le choix parmi les modes, moyens et fins d&rsquo;action disponibles<\/em> \u00bb. Scott a op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9 cette d\u00e9finition en insistant sur la notion d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation normative universelle.<\/p>\n<p>Selon l&rsquo;approche de Scott (1959, 1965), les valeurs poss\u00e8dent plusieurs caract\u00e9ristiques fondamentales :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nature cognitive et \u00e9valuative :<\/strong> Une valeur ne correspond pas \u00e0 une impulsion pulsionnelle ; elle suppose un jugement conscient fond\u00e9 sur un standard moral int\u00e9rioris\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9contextualisation relative :<\/strong> Bien que leur application pratique d\u00e9pende des contingences, les valeurs id\u00e9ales conservent une force trans-situationnelle sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle des simples attitudes circonstancielles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ind\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis du soi r\u00e9el :<\/strong> Un individu peut admirer profond\u00e9ment le \u00ab self-control \u00bb tout en reconnaissant avec lucidit\u00e9 ses propres emportements col\u00e9riques. L&rsquo;instrument \u00e9vite le pi\u00e8ge des questionnaires d&rsquo;auto-description de personnalit\u00e9 en interrogeant l&rsquo;admiration ou le rejet normatif d&rsquo;un comportement-type.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cette conceptualisation anticipe directement les d\u00e9veloppements th\u00e9oriques ult\u00e9rieurs de Milton Rokeach (avec la <em>Rokeach Value Survey<\/em>, 1973) et de Shalom Schwartz (avec la th\u00e9orie des valeurs universelles fondamentales, 1992). Cependant, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 Rokeach scinde les valeurs en \u00ab terminales \u00bb (buts d&rsquo;existence) et \u00ab instrumentales \u00bb (modes de conduite), Scott se focalise principalement sur les modes d&rsquo;action, les vertus interpersonnelles et les styles d&rsquo;existence au sein des collectifs organis\u00e9s. De plus, Scott a accord\u00e9 une attention m\u00e9thodologique singuli\u00e8re \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9limination des biais de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la formulation conjointe d&rsquo;items oppos\u00e9s et \u00e0 une validation par observation des pairs.<\/p>\n<h2>Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes empiriques conduites par Scott (1965), puis reproduites et synth\u00e9tis\u00e9es dans les ouvrages m\u00e9thodologiques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de l&rsquo;<em>Institute for Social Research<\/em> (Robinson &amp; Shaver, 1969 ; Braithwaite &amp; Scott, 1991), ont \u00e9tabli un faisceau convergent de preuves de validit\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e en comparant les scores obtenus sur les sous-\u00e9chelles du PVS aux \u00e9valuations attribu\u00e9es par des pairs au sein de groupes r\u00e9sidentiels ferm\u00e9s (fraternit\u00e9s et sororit\u00e9s universitaires). Les corr\u00e9lations entre les auto-\u00e9valuations des r\u00e9pondants et les jugements de leurs pairs (nominations sociom\u00e9triques) ont montr\u00e9 une concordance remarquable :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les scores sur l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de <strong>R\u00e9ussite universitaire<\/strong> corr\u00e8lent positivement et significativement avec la moyenne g\u00e9n\u00e9rale officielle des notes universitaires (<em>Grade-Point Average<\/em>, GPA), avec des coefficients oscillant entre r = 0,35 et r = 0,52 (p &lt; 0,001).<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de <strong>Religiosit\u00e9<\/strong> montre des corr\u00e9lations \u00e9lev\u00e9es (r = 0,60 \u00e0 0,78) avec la fr\u00e9quence r\u00e9elle d&rsquo;assistance aux offices religieux et l&rsquo;implication dans des mouvements de jeunesse confessionnels.<\/li>\n<li>La dimension <strong>D\u00e9veloppement physique<\/strong> corr\u00e8le significativement (r = 0,42 \u00e0 0,58) avec le nombre d&rsquo;heures consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 la pratique sportive comp\u00e9titive et l&rsquo;appartenance \u00e0 des \u00e9quipes sportives institutionnelles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante et pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>Les matrices de corr\u00e9lation inter-\u00e9chelles confirment que les 12 dimensions mesurent des construits distincts. Les corr\u00e9lations entre sous-\u00e9chelles demeurent majoritairement modestes \u00e0 mod\u00e9r\u00e9es (|r| &lt; 0,30), \u00e0 l&rsquo;exception de liens th\u00e9oriquement attendus, tels qu&rsquo;une corr\u00e9lation positive entre <em>Intellectualisme<\/em> et <em>R\u00e9ussite universitaire<\/em> (r = 0,38) ou entre <em>Bienveillance<\/em> et <em>Honn\u00eatet\u00e9<\/em> (r = 0,34). Les corr\u00e9lations n\u00e9gatives attendues, comme celles unissant <em>Ind\u00e9pendance<\/em> et certaines formes rigides de <em>Loyaut\u00e9<\/em> groupale, viennent appuyer la validit\u00e9 discriminante du mod\u00e8le.<\/p>\n<p>Dans des travaux plus r\u00e9cents, tels que ceux de Thomas (2013) portant sur les professionnels de sant\u00e9 mentale et les conseillers en toxicomanie, la validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive des sous-\u00e9chelles du PVS a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e pour pr\u00e9dire les comportements \u00e9thiques en milieu de soins, l&rsquo;engagement organisationnel et la propension \u00e0 d\u00e9noncer des fautes professionnelles (notamment via les scores d&rsquo;<em>Honn\u00eatet\u00e9<\/em> et de <em>Loyaut\u00e9<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h2>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fiabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 travers des indices d&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 interne et des proc\u00e9dures de test-retest longitudinales :<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne<\/h3>\n<p>Scott a introduit une m\u00e9trique rigoureuse, le <strong>Ratio d&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 de Scott<\/strong> (<em>Scott&rsquo;s Homogeneity Ratio<\/em>, HR), qui mesure la covariance moyenne inter-items ajust\u00e9e \u00e0 la variance totale. Pour les 12 sous-\u00e9chelles, les valeurs de HR se situent typiquement entre 0,22 et 0,46, ce qui est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme optimal pour des \u00e9chelles de valeurs conceptuellement diversifi\u00e9es mais coh\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n<p>En termes de coefficients de consistance interne traditionnels (formule 20 de Kuder-Richardson et alpha de Cronbach), les valeurs observ\u00e9es sur des cohortes universitaires et communautaires (N &gt; 1 200) s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnent comme suit :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Religiosit\u00e9<\/em> : \u03b1 = 0,86 \u00e0 0,91<\/li>\n<li><em>R\u00e9ussite universitaire<\/em> : \u03b1 = 0,80 \u00e0 0,86<\/li>\n<li><em>D\u00e9veloppement physique<\/em> : \u03b1 = 0,78 \u00e0 0,84<\/li>\n<li><em>Intellectualisme<\/em> : \u03b1 = 0,75 \u00e0 0,82<\/li>\n<li><em>Honn\u00eatet\u00e9<\/em> : \u03b1 = 0,73 \u00e0 0,81<\/li>\n<li><em>Bienveillance<\/em> : \u03b1 = 0,71 \u00e0 0,79<\/li>\n<li><em>Ind\u00e9pendance<\/em> : \u03b1 = 0,69 \u00e0 0,77<\/li>\n<li><em>Ma\u00eetrise de soi<\/em> : \u03b1 = 0,68 \u00e0 0,76<\/li>\n<li><em>Statut \/ Leadership<\/em> : \u03b1 = 0,67 \u00e0 0,75<\/li>\n<li><em>Comp\u00e9tences sociales<\/em> : \u03b1 = 0,66 \u00e0 0,74<\/li>\n<li><em>Loyaut\u00e9<\/em> : \u03b1 = 0,65 \u00e0 0,73<\/li>\n<li><em>Cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9<\/em> : \u03b1 = 0,68 \u00e0 0,77<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>Des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation test-retest calcul\u00e9s sur un intervalle de 2 \u00e0 4 semaines aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillons \u00e9tudiants ont mis en \u00e9vidence une excellente stabilit\u00e9, oscillant entre r = 0,74 et r = 0,89 selon les dimensions. M\u00eame sur des p\u00e9riodes longitudinales plus \u00e9tendues (un an d&rsquo;immersion universitaire), la stabilit\u00e9 relative demeure forte (r = 0,55 \u00e0 0,72), t\u00e9moignant du statut de dispositions durables propre aux valeurs fondamentales.<\/p>\n<h2>Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Lors du d\u00e9veloppement des PVS, Scott a combin\u00e9 des approches rationnelles (crit\u00e8res d&rsquo;experts sur la validit\u00e9 de contenu) et empiriques (analyses factorielles exploratoires et analyses d&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9). L&rsquo;objectif \u00e9tait de garantir que chaque sous-\u00e9chelle soit unidimensionnelle tout en maintenant une ind\u00e9pendance relative entre les diff\u00e9rentes dimensions.<\/p>\n<p>Les analyses factorielles men\u00e9es par Scott (1965) \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;extractions en composantes principales suivies de rotations orthogonales (Varimax) et obliques (Promax) ont fait ressortir les caract\u00e9ristiques suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9solution de premier ordre :<\/strong> Les items assign\u00e9s \u00e0 chacune des 12 sous-\u00e9chelles saturent prioritairement sur leur facteur th\u00e9orique respectif, avec des saturations factorielles se situant majoritairement entre 0,42 et 0,78. Tr\u00e8s peu de saturations crois\u00e9es substantielles (&gt; 0,30) n&rsquo;ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9es sur les autres facteurs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Structure de second ordre :<\/strong> L&rsquo;analyse factorielle de second ordre sur les intercorr\u00e9lations des 12 dimensions r\u00e9v\u00e8le g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une organisation m\u00e9ta-structurelle bipolaire qui pr\u00e9figure les mod\u00e8les d&rsquo;attitudes modernes : un axe opposant l&rsquo;<strong>Accomplissement individuel \/ Affirmation de soi<\/strong> (Statut, R\u00e9ussite, D\u00e9veloppement physique, Ind\u00e9pendance) \u00e0 la <strong>Protection collective \/ Pr\u00e9servation sociale<\/strong> (Loyaut\u00e9, Bienveillance, Religiosit\u00e9, Honn\u00eatet\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Comportement des items invers\u00e9s :<\/strong> L&rsquo;inclusion d&rsquo;items invers\u00e9s (<em>reverse-scored items<\/em>) n&rsquo;a pas produit de facteur m\u00e9thodologique artefactuel parasite (effet de halo d&rsquo;acquiescement), d\u00e9montrant que la formulation bipartite (admiration versus aversion) ancre efficacement la polarit\u00e9 s\u00e9mantique du construit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type de test :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation axiologique \/ Inventaire de valeurs personnelles standardis\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon ou passation informatis\u00e9e auto-administr\u00e9e en passation individuelle ou collective.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e moyenne de passation :<\/strong> Environ 15 \u00e0 20 minutes pour la version abr\u00e9g\u00e9e (60 items) ; 35 \u00e0 45 minutes pour la version \u00e9tendue (items int\u00e9graux directs et invers\u00e9s).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Adolescents tardifs, \u00e9tudiants universitaires et adultes sans limitation d&rsquo;\u00e2ge.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> La version abr\u00e9g\u00e9e de recherche (<em>short version<\/em>) comprend 60 items s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s, repr\u00e9sentant 5 items par dimension pour l&rsquo;ensemble des 12 domaines.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> Format de r\u00e9ponse tripartite standardis\u00e9 :\n<ul>\n<li><em>Always Admire<\/em> (Toujours admirer)<\/li>\n<li><em>Depends on Situation<\/em> (D\u00e9pend de la situation)<\/li>\n<li><em>Always Dislike<\/em> (Toujours d\u00e9sapprouver)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et calcul des scores :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Pour les items formul\u00e9s positivement (directs) : \u00ab Always Admire \u00bb = 2 points, \u00ab Depends on Situation \u00bb = 1 point, \u00ab Always Dislike \u00bb = 0 point.<\/li>\n<li>Pour les items formul\u00e9s n\u00e9gativement (invers\u00e9s) : \u00ab Always Admire \u00bb = 0 point, \u00ab Depends on Situation \u00bb = 1 point, \u00ab Always Dislike \u00bb = 2 points.<\/li>\n<li>Le score pour chaque dimension est obtenu en sommant les points des items de la sous-\u00e9chelle, permettant de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un profil axiologique en 12 composantes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interpr\u00e9tation :<\/strong> Les scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s indiquent une adh\u00e9sion inconditionnelle et un imp\u00e9ratif normatif fort accord\u00e9 \u00e0 la dimension consid\u00e9r\u00e9e. Les scores interm\u00e9diaires refl\u00e8tent un pragmatisme situationnel, tandis que les scores faibles t\u00e9moignent d&rsquo;un d\u00e9sint\u00e9r\u00eat ou d&rsquo;un rejet moral explicite de la conduite d\u00e9crite.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 1965 (monographie princeps publi\u00e9e chez Rand McNally) ; travaux exploratoires pr\u00e9liminaires en 1959 et 1960 dans des revues sociologiques majeures.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Droits d&rsquo;auteur et accessibilit\u00e9 :<\/strong> L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise \u00e0 la disposition de la communaut\u00e9 scientifique sans frais de licence commerciale dans le cadre des recueils d&rsquo;instruments de mesure psychosociale de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Michigan (Robinson &amp; Shaver, 1969 ; Braithwaite &amp; Scott, 1991).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Libre d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s pour les projets de recherche universitaire, l&rsquo;enseignement et les th\u00e8ses doctorales, sous r\u00e9serve de citer scrupuleusement la source originale de Scott (1965). Aucune redevance n&rsquo;est requise pour un usage non commercial. Pour toute adaptation commerciale \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle ou int\u00e9gration dans des plateformes RH ferm\u00e9es, les autorisations d&rsquo;usage doivent \u00eatre v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s des ayants droit ou des d\u00e9positaires institutionnels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Braithwaite, V. A., &amp; Scott, W. A. (1991). Values. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver, &amp; L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), <em>Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes<\/em> (Vol. 1, pp. 661\u2013753). Academic Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-590241-0.50017-0\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-590241-0.50017-0<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Kluckhohn, C. (1951). Values and value-orientations in the theory of action: An exploration in definition and classification. In T. Parsons &amp; E. A. Shils (Eds.), <em>Toward a general theory of action<\/em> (pp. 388\u2013433). Harvard University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4159\/harvard.9780674863507.c8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4159\/harvard.9780674863507.c8<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Robinson, J. P., &amp; Shaver, P. R. (1969). <em>Measures of social psychological attitudes<\/em>. Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psc.isr.umich.edu\/dis\/infoserv\/isrpub\/pdf\/Measuresofsocialpsychologicalattitudes_2928_.PDF\">https:\/\/www.psc.isr.umich.edu\/dis\/infoserv\/isrpub\/pdf\/Measuresofsocialpsychologicalattitudes_2928_.PDF<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rokeach, M. (1973). <em>The nature of human values<\/em>. Free Press.<\/li>\n<li>Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. <em>Advances in Experimental Social Psychology<\/em>, 25, 1\u201365. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60281-6\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60281-6<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Scott, W. A. (1959). Empirical assessment of values and ideologies. <em>American Sociological Review<\/em>, 24(3), 299\u2013310. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2089379\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2089379<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Scott, W. A. (1960). International ideology and interpersonal ideology. <em>Public Opinion Quarterly<\/em>, 24(3), 419\u2013435. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/266963\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/266963<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Scott, W. A. (1965). <em>Values and organizations: A study of fraternities and sororities<\/em>. Rand McNally.<\/li>\n<li>Thomas, T. P. (2013). <em>The effect of personal values, organizational values, and person-organization fit on ethical behaviors and organizational commitment outcomes among substance abuse counselors: A preliminary investigation<\/em> (Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa). Iowa Research Online. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17077\/etd.1k7k2kew\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17077\/etd.1k7k2kew<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ha\u200eving a strong intellectual curiosity<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Creating beautiful things for the enjoyment of people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being able to get along with all kinds of people\u201a whether or not they are worthwhile<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Studying constantly in order to become a well-educated person<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Defending the honor of one\u2019s group whenever it is unfairly criticized<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being respected by people who are themselves worthwhile<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Always telling the truth\u201a even though it may hurt oneself or others<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being devout in one\u2019s religious faith<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Always being patient with people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Conforming to the requirements of any situation and doing what is expected<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Working and living in harmony with other people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Constantly developing new ways of approaching life<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Working hard to achieve academic honors<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being good in some form of sport<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Always attending religious services regularly and faithfully<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Never losing one\u2019s temper\u201a no matter what the reason<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Helping organize group activities<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being outspoken and frank in expressing one\u2019s likes and dislikes<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Developing an appreciation of the fine arts\u2014music\u201a drama\u201a literature\u201a and ballet<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Inventing gadgets for the fun of it<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being poised\u201a gracious\u201a and ch\u200earming under all circumstances<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Developing physical strength and agility<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ha\u200eving the ability to lead others<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Practicing self-control<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being the person in the group who is the most popular with the opposite sex<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Devoting one\u2019s entire energy to the development of new theories<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Thinking and acting freely\u201a without social restraints\u201a and encouraging others to do likewise<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being kind to people\u201a even if they do things contrary to one\u2019s own beliefs<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being well mannered and beha\u200eving properly in social situations<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Treating an attack on one\u2019s group like an attack on oneself<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Taking good care of one\u2019s physical self so that one is always healthy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being in a position to direct and mold others\u2019 lives<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Always living one\u2019s religion in one\u2019s daily life<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Concealing from outsiders most of one\u2019s dislikes and disagreements with fellow members of the group<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being able to cr\u200eeate beautiful and artistic objects<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Developing new and different ways of doing things<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Turning the other cheek and forgiving others when they harm you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Doing all one can to build up the prestige of the group<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Striving to get the top grade point average in the group<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Showing great leadership qualities<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Never telling a lie\u201a even though to do so would make the situation more Comfortable<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Encouraging others to attend services and lead religious lives<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Replying to anger with gentleness<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being independent\u201a original\u201a non-conformist\u201a different from other people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being an intellectual<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Helping another person feel more secure\u201a even if you don\u2019t like him\/her<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Dressing and acting in a way that is appropriate to the occasion<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Studying hard to get good grades in school<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Never cheating or ha\u200eving anything to do with cheating situations\u201a even for a friend<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being an intellectual<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Helping another achieve his\/her goals\u201a even if it might interfere with your own<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being able to get people to cooperate with you<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Working hard to improve the prestige and status of one\u2019s group<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Developing an attractive body that others will admire<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Helping a close friend get by in a tight situation even though you may have to stretch the truth a bit to do it<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Being graceful and well-coordinated in physical movements<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Avoiding the physical pleasures that are prohibited in the Bible<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">ha\u200eving an active interest in all things scholarly<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Gaining recognition for one\u2019s achievements<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Not expressing anger\u201a even when you have a reason for doing so<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analyse psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9taill\u00e9e des \u00c9chelles de valeurs personnelles (Personal Value Scales, PVS) de William A. Scott (1965) : cadre th\u00e9orique, 12 dimensions, validit\u00e9, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 et items complets.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[17375,154,2],"tags":[17907,244,220,16,750,11526,243,17906],"class_list":["post-12371","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluation-des-valeurs","category-psychologie-sociale","category-psychometrie","tag-echelles-de-valeurs","tag-fidelite","tag-psychologie-sociale","tag-psychometrie","tag-pvs","tag-valeurs-personnelles","tag-validite","tag-william-a-scott"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/12371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12371"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/12371\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}