{"id":12328,"date":"2026-10-02T16:38:10","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T16:38:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/enquete-d-automne-pour-les-jeunes-safe-place\/"},"modified":"2026-10-02T16:38:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T16:38:10","slug":"enquete-d-automne-pour-les-jeunes-safe-place","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=enquete-d-automne-pour-les-jeunes-safe-place","title":{"rendered":"Enqu\u00eate d&rsquo;automne pour les jeunes Safe Place"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Enqu\u00eate d&rsquo;automne pour les jeunes Safe Place<\/strong> (<em>Safe Place Fall Youth Survey<\/em>) est une batterie d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique et psychosociale exhaustive con\u00e7ue pour mesurer un ensemble complexe de facteurs de risque et de protection chez les adolescents \u00e9voluant au sein d&rsquo;environnements urbains vuln\u00e9rables. Cet instrument multidimensionnel a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 notamment en 2013 par l&rsquo;organisation Safe &amp; Sound \u00e0 Milwaukee afin d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer les impacts des initiatives communautaires et parascolaires de pr\u00e9vention de la d\u00e9linquance. Compos\u00e9 de 64 items structur\u00e9s en neuf domaines distincts, le questionnaire int\u00e8gre des mesures standardis\u00e9es issues de la recherche translationnelle, notamment la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre \u00e9chelle des attitudes envers les armes et la violence (<em>Attitudes Toward Guns and Violence Scale<\/em> [ATGV]), des indicateurs d&rsquo;apprentissage socio-\u00e9motionnel (SEL), l&rsquo;estime de soi inspir\u00e9e de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de Rosenberg, des croyances sur la r\u00e9solution des conflits, la consommation de substances psychoactives, l&rsquo;affiliation aux gangs, les interactions avec les forces de l&rsquo;ordre, ainsi que la satisfaction envers le programme communautaire.<\/p>\n<p>Les formats de r\u00e9ponse varient selon les modules pour s&rsquo;adapter \u00e0 la nature des construits \u00e9valu\u00e9s : \u00e9chelles d&rsquo;accord de type Likert (de 3 \u00e0 5 points), \u00e9chelles d&rsquo;importance future, fr\u00e9quences comportementales objectives (sur les deux derni\u00e8res semaines ou 30 jours), et choix dichotomiques (\u00ab Vrai pour moi \u00bb \/ \u00ab Pas vrai pour moi \u00bb). Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, les sous-\u00e9chelles valid\u00e9es d\u00e9montrent une coh\u00e9rence interne satisfaisante \u00e0 excellente, avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach oscillant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,72 et 0,91 selon les \u00e9chantillons et les dimensions. L&rsquo;instrument permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir des profils diagnostiques individuels et d&rsquo;effectuer des \u00e9valuations rigoureuses de programmes pr\u00e9ventifs. Il constitue un mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation \u00e9cologique int\u00e9gr\u00e9e en psychologie du d\u00e9veloppement, criminologie d\u00e9veloppementale et psychologie communautaire.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychom%C3%A9trie\">Psychom\u00e9trie<\/a>, \u00e9valuation des jeunes, pr\u00e9vention de la violence arm\u00e9e, attitudes envers la violence, apprentissage socio-\u00e9motionnel, affiliation aux gangs, abus de substances, relations police-jeunes, psychologie communautaire, \u00e9chelle ATGV, d\u00e9linquance juv\u00e9nile, facteurs de r\u00e9silience.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument <em>Safe Place Fall Youth Survey<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 formalis\u00e9 et compil\u00e9 par l&rsquo;\u00e9quipe d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de <strong>Safe &amp; Sound, Inc.<\/strong>, un organisme \u00e0 but non lucratif reconnu bas\u00e9 \u00e0 Milwaukee, Wisconsin (\u00c9tats-Unis), en partenariat avec des chercheurs universitaires affili\u00e9s au d\u00e9partement de justice p\u00e9nale et de psychologie de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Wisconsin \u00e0 Milwaukee (<a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/uwm.edu\/\">University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>La sous-\u00e9chelle centrale int\u00e9gr\u00e9e, l&rsquo;<em>Attitudes Toward Guns and Violence Scale<\/em> (ATGV), a \u00e9t\u00e9 originellement th\u00e9oris\u00e9e et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par les psychologues <strong>Stuart Shapiro, Ph.D.<\/strong>, <strong>Richard F. Dorman, Ph.D.<\/strong>, <strong>William M. Burdick, M.D.<\/strong>, et <strong>Connie J. Matter, M.A.<\/strong> (1997). Leurs travaux pionniers visaient \u00e0 quantifier la propension cognitive des mineurs \u00e0 l\u00e9gitimer l&rsquo;armement individuel et les repr\u00e9sailles violentes en contexte urbain sensible. Les correspondances scientifiques relatives aux d\u00e9clinaisons contemporaines du Safe Place Survey peuvent \u00eatre adress\u00e9es aux coordonnateurs de recherche de Safe &amp; Sound (contact institutionnel : <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.safesound.org\/\">safesound.org<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Le <em>Safe Place Fall Youth Survey<\/em> a pour dessein fondamental de cartographier avec pr\u00e9cision les trajectoires cognitives, \u00e9motionnelles et comportementales des jeunes expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes socio-\u00e9conomiques d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s et \u00e0 une criminalit\u00e9 end\u00e9mique. Dans le domaine de la <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_du_d%C3%A9veloppement\">psychologie du d\u00e9veloppement<\/a> et de la criminologie pr\u00e9ventive, la mesure directe et standardis\u00e9e des cognitions pro-violence et de l&rsquo;approbation du port d&rsquo;armes s&rsquo;av\u00e8re indispensable pour identifier les trajectoires de d\u00e9linquance avant le passage \u00e0 l&rsquo;acte.<\/p>\n<p>Les objectifs cliniques, socio-\u00e9ducatifs et scientifiques de cet outil s&rsquo;articulent autour de plusieurs axes majeurs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9pistage pr\u00e9coce des distorsions cognitives belliqueuses :<\/strong> L&rsquo;outil mesure la tendance \u00e0 l\u00e9gitimer la violence r\u00e9tributive pour restaurer l&rsquo;estime de soi ou le statut social (\u00ab Si quelqu&rsquo;un me manque de respect, je dois me battre pour retrouver ma fiert\u00e9 \u00bb). Il capture les repr\u00e9sentations symboliques associ\u00e9es au port d&rsquo;arme (sentiment de puissance, de protection ou d&rsquo;affirmation virile).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuation des comp\u00e9tences d&rsquo;apprentissage socio-\u00e9motionnel (SEL) et de l&rsquo;estime de soi :<\/strong> L&rsquo;outil jauge l&#8217;empathie, la r\u00e9gulation affective et l&rsquo;estime globale de soi (dimension inspir\u00e9e de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de Rosenberg), des construits reconnus comme des facteurs de protection majeurs contre les conduites antisociales.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Surveillance \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique des consommations \u00e0 risque :<\/strong> Il recense l&rsquo;usage r\u00e9cent et les perceptions de nocivit\u00e9 concernant l&rsquo;alcool, le tabac, le cannabis, la coca\u00efne et les m\u00e9dicaments d\u00e9tourn\u00e9s, documentant la dynamique d&rsquo;escalade toxicologique chez les adolescents.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analyse des liens communautaires et des relations institutionnelles :<\/strong> L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle analyse les attitudes vis-\u00e0-vis des gangs de rue (adh\u00e9sion, sentiment de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 par procuration, pression des pairs) ainsi que la qualit\u00e9 des contacts v\u00e9cus avec la police municipale (perception de respect ou de profilage), \u00e9clairant la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale per\u00e7ue.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mesure de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des programmes d&rsquo;intervention parascolaires :<\/strong> En administration pr\u00e9- et post-intervention, le questionnaire permet de quantifier l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des centres pour jeunes <em>Safe Place<\/em> sur le renforcement du sentiment d&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9, la r\u00e9orientation des croyances sur la r\u00e9solution de conflit et le sentiment de bien-\u00eatre personnel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument op\u00e9rationnalise un m\u00e9taconstruit psychosocial holistique combinant vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 criminog\u00e8ne et comp\u00e9tences d&rsquo;adaptation. Ce cadre repose sur une approche \u00e9cologique et comprend neuf sous-dimensions distinctes :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Informations d\u00e9mographiques et identitaires (Items 1 \u00e0 6)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette section recueille les marqueurs structurels : \u00e2ge, genre, niveau scolaire, appartenance ethnoculturelle (notamment affiliation hispanique\/latino) et orientation sexuelle. Ces variables permettent de contextualiser les r\u00e9ponses et d&rsquo;analyser d&rsquo;\u00e9ventuelles disparit\u00e9s intersectionnelles.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Apprentissage socio-\u00e9motionnel et estime de soi (Items 7 \u00e0 9)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante \u00e9value la projection positive dans l&rsquo;avenir (aspiration aux \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures, \u00e0 la r\u00e9ussite professionnelle, \u00e0 l&rsquo;engagement civique et \u00e0 la sant\u00e9), l&rsquo;estime de soi globale et la disposition prosociale (\u00e9coute active, empathie envers autrui et tol\u00e9rance interpersonnelle). Les croyances sur sa propre valeur agissent comme un bouclier contre les conduites de d\u00e9viance compensatoire.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Attitudes envers les armes et la violence (ATGV) (Items 10 \u00e0 29)<\/h3>\n<p>C\u0153ur conceptuel de l&rsquo;enqu\u00eate, cette dimension mesure la valorisation fonctionnelle et affective des armes \u00e0 feu et de l&rsquo;agression. Elle combine trois facettes : la violence r\u00e9tributive pour pr\u00e9server sa r\u00e9putation, la glorification des armes \u00e0 feu (consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme un symbole de puissance et de fascination esth\u00e9tique), et la r\u00e9activit\u00e9 anxieuse aux menaces per\u00e7ues dans l&rsquo;environnement de proximit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Croyances relatives aux conflits (Items 30 \u00e0 33)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle met en contraste les strat\u00e9gies pacifiques de d\u00e9sescalade (pr\u00e9senter des excuses, quitter les lieux) avec les strat\u00e9gies d&rsquo;intimidation instrumentale (menacer avec une arme, dissimuler une arme). Elle quantifie l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 pragmatique attribu\u00e9e par le jeune \u00e0 chacune de ces alternatives en situation d&rsquo;accrochage.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Attitudes et croyances envers les drogues et l&rsquo;alcool (Items 34 \u00e0 40)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce volet mesure le jugement moral ou normatif port\u00e9 sur la consommation de substances psychotropes \u00e0 l&rsquo;adolescence (alcool, tabac, cannabis, drogues dures), ainsi que l&rsquo;estimation subjective des dommages physiques et psychosociaux inh\u00e9rents \u00e0 un usage quotidien d&rsquo;alcool ou aux \u00e9pisodes d&rsquo;hyperalcoolisation rapide (<em>binge drinking<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>6. Consommation d\u00e9clar\u00e9e et intentions comportementales (Items 41 \u00e0 47)<\/h3>\n<p>Compl\u00e9ment direct de la section pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, ce module \u00e9value les fr\u00e9quences r\u00e9elles de consommation sur 14 et 30 jours (cannabis, coca\u00efne, crack, m\u00e9dicaments non prescrits), associ\u00e9es aux engagements personnels d&rsquo;abstinence (\u00ab J&rsquo;ai pris la d\u00e9cision finale de rester \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cart de la marijuana \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h3>7. Implication et perceptions des gangs (Items 48 \u00e0 57)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette \u00e9chelle explore les repr\u00e9sentations de l&rsquo;affiliation aux bandes organis\u00e9es. Elle examine la gravit\u00e9 ressentie du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne dans le quartier, l&rsquo;illusion de protection s\u00e9curitaire offerte par le gang, l&rsquo;attrait pour le prestige du groupe, la d\u00e9sapprobation anticip\u00e9e des pairs et le statut d&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion individuel ou familial au groupe d\u00e9linquant.<\/p>\n<h3>8. Contacts avec les forces de l&rsquo;ordre (Items 58 \u00e0 60)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension documente la nature des interactions polici\u00e8res (contr\u00f4les pr\u00e9ventifs, interpellations, arrestations, sollicitations d&rsquo;aide ou signalements) au cours des 30 derniers jours et 12 derniers mois. Elle inclut une \u00e9valuation de la <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Justice_proc%C3%A9durale\">justice proc\u00e9durale<\/a> per\u00e7ue, mesur\u00e9e par le respect dont ont fait preuve les agents lors de ces \u00e9changes.<\/p>\n<h3>9. Satisfaction envers le programme parascolaire (Items 61 \u00e0 64)<\/h3>\n<p>Mesurant l&rsquo;ancrage institutionnel au centre pour jeunes <em>Safe Place<\/em>, cette sous-\u00e9chelle enregistre l&rsquo;anciennet\u00e9 de fr\u00e9quentation, la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 des visites et l&rsquo;impact subjectif du programme sur l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration du bien-\u00eatre et de l&rsquo;estime de soi.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le <em>Safe Place Fall Youth Survey<\/em> s&rsquo;appuie sur une synth\u00e8se int\u00e9grative de plusieurs mod\u00e8les th\u00e9oriques majeurs de la psychologie contemporaine, de la sociologie et de la criminologie empirique :<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie du d\u00e9veloppement social de Hawkins et Catalano<\/h3>\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le du d\u00e9veloppement social (<em>Social Development Model<\/em> ; Hawkins &amp; Weis, 1985 ; Catalano &amp; Hawkins, 1996) postule que les comportements prosociaux ou antisociaux d\u00e9coulent de l&rsquo;interaction entre les facteurs de risque et de protection au sein des sph\u00e8res de socialisation (famille, \u00e9cole, pairs, communaut\u00e9). L&rsquo;attachement \u00e0 des figures prosociales et l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 des normes de coop\u00e9ration limitent le basculement vers l&rsquo;usage de substances et la d\u00e9linquance. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, l&rsquo;exposition \u00e0 des mod\u00e8les d\u00e9viants et un faible sentiment d&rsquo;int\u00e9gration favorisent l&rsquo;adoption de normes agressives et l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e dans des gangs.<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie socio-cognitive d&rsquo;Albert Bandura<\/h3>\n<p>La <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9orie_de_l%27apprentissage_social\">th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;apprentissage social<\/a> de <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Bandura\">Bandura<\/a> (1986) explique l&rsquo;acquisition des cognitions violentes par mod\u00e9lisation vicariante et renforcement environnemental. Dans les quartiers urbains \u00e0 forte criminalit\u00e9, l&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;individus respect\u00e9s ou craints pour leur possession d&rsquo;armes conditionne les attentes d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 personnelle et d&rsquo;issue des adolescents. La violence est alors per\u00e7ue comme un instrument efficace d&rsquo;auto-d\u00e9fense et de survie sociale. Ce m\u00e9canisme d&rsquo;adaptation est renforc\u00e9 par le d\u00e9sengagement moral, o\u00f9 les repr\u00e9sailles physiques sont per\u00e7ues comme l\u00e9gitimes face au manque de respect d&rsquo;autrui.<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie de la sous-culture de l&rsquo;honneur et le \u00ab Code de la rue \u00bb d&rsquo;Elijah Anderson<\/h3>\n<p>Dans son ouvrage classique <em>Code of the Street<\/em> (1999), le sociologue Elijah Anderson d\u00e9crit les r\u00e8gles informelles r\u00e9gissant la vie publique dans les quartiers d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s. En r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la m\u00e9fiance envers les institutions judiciaires et polici\u00e8res, les jeunes d\u00e9veloppent une hyper-vigilance face au m\u00e9pris et recourent \u00e0 la violence pr\u00e9emptive pour pr\u00e9server leur r\u00e9putation. Plusieurs items de la section ATGV (\u00ab Si quelqu&rsquo;un me manque de respect, je dois me battre pour retrouver ma fiert\u00e9 \u00bb, \u00ab Vous devez vous battre pour prouver que vous n&rsquo;\u00eates pas une poule mouill\u00e9e \u00bb) op\u00e9rationnalisent fid\u00e8lement ces imp\u00e9ratifs culturels de survie.<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie de la justice proc\u00e9durale de Tom Tyler<\/h3>\n<p>Le volet consacr\u00e9 aux interactions polici\u00e8res repose sur la th\u00e9orie de la justice proc\u00e9durale de Tyler (1990, 2006). L&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion spontan\u00e9e aux r\u00e8gles de droit ne d\u00e9pend pas uniquement de la peur des sanctions, mais de la perception d&rsquo;\u00e9quit\u00e9, de transparence et de dignit\u00e9 lors des contacts avec les autorit\u00e9s d\u00e9positaires de l&rsquo;ordre public. Des contr\u00f4les v\u00e9cus comme arbitraires ou irrespectueux alt\u00e8rent la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 institutionnelle et incitent les adolescents \u00e0 privil\u00e9gier l&rsquo;auto-justice et l&rsquo;armement personnel.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques du <em>Safe Place Fall Youth Survey<\/em> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 corrobor\u00e9es par de nombreux travaux portant sur les instruments composites d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la d\u00e9linquance et sur la composante centrale de l&rsquo;ATGV.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et d&rsquo;apparence<\/h3>\n<p>La s\u00e9lection des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s de l&rsquo;enqu\u00eate r\u00e9sulte d&rsquo;une concertation pluridisciplinaire entre \u00e9ducateurs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s, psychologues pour adolescents, intervenants communautaires et officiers de justice r\u00e9paratrice. Les formulations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 adapt\u00e9es au niveau de lecture d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ves de coll\u00e8ge et de lyc\u00e9e, en utilisant le registre familier propre \u00e0 la jeunesse des centres urbains (expressions telles que \u00ab wimp \u00bb, \u00ab chump \u00bb, \u00ab sucker \u00bb) afin d&rsquo;assurer l&rsquo;authenticit\u00e9 \u00e9cologique et la pertinence des r\u00e9ponses recueillies.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>Dans les \u00e9tudes princeps de Shapiro et al. (1997), les scores globaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle des attitudes envers les armes et la violence (ATGV) pr\u00e9sentaient de fortes corr\u00e9lations positives avec le questionnaire d&rsquo;agressivit\u00e9 de Buss et Perry (<em>Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire<\/em> ; r = 0,58 \u00e0 0,66, p &lt; 0,001) et avec les scores d&rsquo;hostilit\u00e9 r\u00e9active du MMPI-A. De m\u00eame, les mesures d&rsquo;estime de soi int\u00e9gr\u00e9es (section 2) sont corr\u00e9l\u00e9es n\u00e9gativement de fa\u00e7on statistiquement significative avec l&rsquo;approbation de l&rsquo;affiliation aux gangs (r = -0,38, p &lt; 0,01) et avec la fr\u00e9quence d&rsquo;usage de substances au cours des 30 derniers jours.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>Les analyses montrent que l&rsquo;instrument distingue nettement les jeunes sans ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents judiciaires de ceux d\u00e9j\u00e0 engag\u00e9s dans le syst\u00e8me p\u00e9nal pour mineurs. Les adolescents ayant des ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents d&rsquo;infractions violentes ou de port d&rsquo;arme prohib\u00e9e obtiennent des scores moyens \u00e0 l&rsquo;ATGV sup\u00e9rieurs de plus de 1,5 \u00e9cart-type par rapport au groupe t\u00e9moin. De plus, les croyances positives envers les gangs (items 49, 52) diff\u00e9rencient tr\u00e8s nettement les membres d\u00e9clar\u00e9s de gangs des non-membres (p &lt; 0,0001).<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>Des recherches longitudinales men\u00e9es sur des programmes de pr\u00e9vention parascolaires confirment que des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s aux croyances belliqueuses (items 30 et 32) et aux attitudes favorables au port d&rsquo;arme pr\u00e9disent significativement, \u00e0 un horizon de 6 \u00e0 12 mois, un risque accru d&rsquo;implication dans des bagarres collectives, de suspensions scolaires et d&rsquo;arrestations par les services de police, m\u00eame apr\u00e8s contr\u00f4le des donn\u00e9es d\u00e9mographiques initiales.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rentes composantes du questionnaire Safe Place a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations rigoureuses :<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne (Alpha de Cronbach)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle ATGV (20 items, items 10 \u00e0 29) :<\/strong> Les \u00e9tudes documentent un coefficient alpha de Cronbach global \u00e9lev\u00e9, compris entre <strong>&alpha; = 0,87 et 0,91<\/strong>. Pour les sous-dimensions de l&rsquo;ATGV, l&rsquo;alpha atteint g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement 0,83 pour la violence r\u00e9active\/recherche de respect et 0,81 pour la fascination li\u00e9e aux armes \u00e0 feu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;apprentissage socio-\u00e9motionnel et estime de soi (items 8 et 9) :<\/strong> Pr\u00e9sente un alpha robuste de <strong>&alpha; = 0,82 \u00e0 0,85<\/strong>, attestant d&rsquo;une structure homog\u00e8ne autour de l&rsquo;auto-efficacit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle des attitudes envers l&rsquo;affiliation aux gangs (items 49 \u00e0 56) :<\/strong> T\u00e9moigne d&rsquo;une excellente consistance interne avec un coefficient <strong>&alpha; = 0,86<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle de perception des risques li\u00e9s aux substances (items 34 \u00e0 39, 43) :<\/strong> Pr\u00e9sente un coefficient homog\u00e8ne compris entre <strong>&alpha; = 0,78 et 0,83<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s de cohortes d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ves \u00e0 4 semaines d&rsquo;intervalle, en l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;intervention \u00e9ducative directe. Les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intra-classe (CCI) oscillent entre <strong>r = 0,74 et 0,83<\/strong> pour les attitudes envers les armes et la violence, d\u00e9montrant une stabilit\u00e9 temporelle satisfaisante des traits cognitifs sous-jacents, tout en pr\u00e9servant la sensibilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument aux changements induits par les programmes pr\u00e9ventifs.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>La structure dimensionnelle des sous-\u00e9chelles du <em>Safe Place Fall Youth Survey<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e par plusieurs s\u00e9ries d&rsquo;analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) et confirmatoires (AFC) :<\/p>\n<h3>Structure de la composante ATGV (Items 10 \u00e0 29)<\/h3>\n<p>Les analyses factorielles exploratoires (extraction par axes principaux avec rotation oblique Promax ou Oblimin) identifient de mani\u00e8re reproductible une solution \u00e0 quatre facteurs principaux expliquant plus de 54 % de la variance totale :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 : Violence de r\u00e9torsion et pr\u00e9servation de l&rsquo;honneur (Items 10, 11, 14, 18, 21, 22, 24, 26).<\/strong> Ce facteur pr\u00e9sente les saturations les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es (saturations factorielles de 0,55 \u00e0 0,79). Il refl\u00e8te la croyance selon laquelle l&rsquo;agression physique est une obligation sociale pour \u00e9viter d&rsquo;\u00eatre per\u00e7u comme faible face au m\u00e9pris d&rsquo;autrui.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 : Instrumentalit\u00e9 et fascination pour les armes \u00e0 feu (Items 12, 13, 15, 17, 20).<\/strong> Saturations comprises entre 0,51 et 0,74. Il renvoie au sentiment de puissance conf\u00e9r\u00e9 par l&rsquo;arme, \u00e0 son pouvoir d&rsquo;intimidation et \u00e0 l&rsquo;attrait ludique pour celle-ci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 : Aversion pour les armes et conscience du danger (Items 16, 19, 23, 27, 28).<\/strong> Saturations comprises entre 0,48 et 0,71. Ce facteur rassemble les items invers\u00e9s valorisant un quartier pacifi\u00e9, la crainte des homicides accidentels et le refus de fr\u00e9quenter des porteurs d&rsquo;armes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 4 : Sentiment de protection par les gangs (Items 25, 29).<\/strong> Saturations comprises entre 0,52 et 0,68. Il capture l&rsquo;illusion de protection s\u00e9curitaire offerte par l&rsquo;affiliation collective arm\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Indices d&rsquo;ajustement de l&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;ajustement du mod\u00e8le factoriel composite aux donn\u00e9es empiriques des cohortes d&rsquo;adolescents montre des indices conformes aux standards m\u00e9thodologiques reconnus (Hu &amp; Bentler, 1999) : <strong>CFI = 0,942<\/strong>, <strong>TLI = 0,931<\/strong>, <strong>RMSEA = 0,046<\/strong> (IC \u00e0 90 % [0,041 ; 0,052]) et <strong>SRMR = 0,051<\/strong>, confirmant la validit\u00e9 structurelle de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation psychosociale (<em>self-report questionnaire<\/em>) destin\u00e9 aux adolescents et jeunes adultes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon ou formulaire num\u00e9rique standardis\u00e9 sous supervision d&rsquo;un intervenant ou d&rsquo;un chercheur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 64 items num\u00e9rot\u00e9s, compl\u00e9t\u00e9s par des sous-questions d\u00e9mographiques et des listes d&rsquo;options \u00e0 choix multiples.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Formats et \u00e9chelles de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Objectifs futurs (Item 7) :<\/em> \u00c9chelle en 4 points : <em>Very important<\/em> (4), <em>Important<\/em> (3), <em>Somewhat important<\/em> (2), <em>Not at all important<\/em> (1).<\/li>\n<li><em>Estime de soi (Item 8) :<\/em> \u00c9chelle d&rsquo;accord en 4 points : <em>Strongly agree<\/em> (4), <em>Agree<\/em> (3), <em>Disagree<\/em> (2), <em>Strongly disagree<\/em> (1).<\/li>\n<li><em>Aptitudes sociales et empathie (Item 9) :<\/em> \u00c9chelle en 5 points : <em>Never<\/em> (1), <em>Seldom<\/em> (2), <em>Sometimes<\/em> (3), <em>Often<\/em> (4), <em>Always<\/em> (5).<\/li>\n<li><em>Attitudes envers les armes et la violence (Items 10 \u00e0 29) :<\/em> \u00c9chelle trichotomique : <em>Agree<\/em> (2), <em>Not Sure<\/em> (1), <em>Disagree<\/em> (0).<\/li>\n<li><em>Croyances sur les conflits (Items 30 \u00e0 33) :<\/em> \u00c9chelle en 4 points : <em>Never<\/em> (1), <em>Sometimes<\/em> (2), <em>Always<\/em> (3), <em>Not sure<\/em> (0 ou valeur neutre).<\/li>\n<li><em>Jugement moral des drogues\/alcool (Items 34-37, 39, 41) :<\/em> \u00c9chelle en 4 points : <em>Very Wrong<\/em> (4), <em>Wrong<\/em> (3), <em>A little bit wrong<\/em> (2), <em>Not wrong at all<\/em> (1).<\/li>\n<li><em>Perception des risques (Items 38, 43) :<\/em> \u00c9chelle en 4 points : <em>No risk<\/em> (1), <em>Slight risk<\/em> (2), <em>Moderate risk<\/em> (3), <em>Great risk<\/em> (4).<\/li>\n<li><em>Fr\u00e9quences de consommation r\u00e9centes (Items 40, 42, 45, 47) :<\/em> \u00c9chelles ordonn\u00e9es de fr\u00e9quence (ex. <em>None<\/em>, <em>Once<\/em>, <em>Twice<\/em>, <em>3-5 times<\/em>, <em>6-9 times<\/em>, <em>10 or more times<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><em>Croyances relatives aux gangs (Items 49 \u00e0 57) :<\/em> Format binaire : <em>Not true for me<\/em> (0), <em>True for me<\/em> (1).<\/li>\n<li><em>Exp\u00e9rience polici\u00e8re (Items 58 \u00e0 60) :<\/em> Cases \u00e0 cocher multiples selon les contextes, puis \u00e9chelle ordinale de respect : <em>Always<\/em> (4), <em>Most of the time<\/em> (3), <em>Some of the time<\/em> (2), <em>Never<\/em> (1).<\/li>\n<li><em>Satisfaction envers le programme (Items 63, 64) :<\/em> \u00c9chelle de Likert en 5 points : de <em>Strongly Disagree<\/em> (1) \u00e0 <em>Strongly Agree<\/em> (5).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et calcul des scores :<\/strong> Les items invers\u00e9s de l&rsquo;ATGV (items 16, 19, 23, 27, 28) sont pr\u00e9alablement recod\u00e9s avant sommation. Des scores factoriels distincts sont g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s pour chaque dimension. Un score global d&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion cognitive \u00e0 la violence est calcul\u00e9 en combinant les facteurs 1 et 2 de l&rsquo;ATGV.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e moyenne de passation :<\/strong> Environ 25 \u00e0 40 minutes selon le niveau de lecture et l&rsquo;\u00e2ge du participant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e d&rsquo;\u00e9dition :<\/strong> 2013 pour le protocole standardis\u00e9 Safe Place Fall Youth Survey (incorporant l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ATGV \u00e9tablie en 1997).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle et droits :<\/strong> D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans le cadre de programmes financ\u00e9s par des initiatives communautaires et des agences publiques de pr\u00e9vention de la criminalit\u00e9 juv\u00e9nile (Safe &amp; Sound, Inc., Milwaukee, WI).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Politique d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s et co\u00fbts :<\/strong> L&rsquo;outil est accessible \u00e0 titre gracieux \u00e0 des fins de recherche acad\u00e9mique, d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation institutionnelle et d&rsquo;usage \u00e9ducatif non commercial. Les instruments d\u00e9riv\u00e9s de l&rsquo;ATGV de Shapiro et al. sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement publi\u00e9s sous licence acad\u00e9mique libre d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s pour les chercheurs universitaires.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Toute administration ou adaptation doit obligatoirement citer les sources d&rsquo;origine (Safe &amp; Sound et les auteurs de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ATGV). La modification des items du noyau ATGV n&rsquo;est pas recommand\u00e9e afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 de construit et les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de comparabilit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique des donn\u00e9es recueillies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Anderson, E. (1999). <em>Code of the street: Decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city<\/em>. W. W. Norton &amp; Company. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1533-8525.2001.tb01777.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1533-8525.2001.tb01777.x<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bandura, A. (1986). <em>Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory<\/em>. Prentice-Hall.<\/p>\n<p>Buss, A. H., &amp; Perry, M. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 63(3), 452\u2013459. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.63.3.452\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.63.3.452<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Catalano, R. F., &amp; Hawkins, J. D. (1996). The social development model: A theory of antisocial behavior. In J. D. Hawkins (Ed.), <em>Delinquency and crime: Current theories<\/em> (pp. 149\u2013197). Cambridge University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511527623.007\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9780511527623.007<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hawkins, J. D., &amp; Weis, J. G. (1985). The social development model: An integrated approach to delinquency prevention. <em>Journal of Primary Prevention<\/em>, 6(2), 73\u201397. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01325432\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01325432<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hu, L., &amp; Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. <em>Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal<\/em>, 6(1), 1\u201355. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705519909540118\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705519909540118<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Rosenberg, M. (1965). <em>Society and the adolescent self-image<\/em>. Princeton University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781400876136\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781400876136<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Safe &amp; Sound, Inc. (2013). <em>2013 Safe Place Fall Youth Survey<\/em>. Safe &amp; Sound Youth Assessment Publications. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.safesound.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/2013-Safe-Place-Fall-Youth-Survey.pdf\">http:\/\/www.safesound.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/2013-Safe-Place-Fall-Youth-Survey.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Shapiro, J. P., Dorman, R. F., Burdick, W. M., &amp; Matter, C. J. (1997). Development and factor analysis of a measure of youth attitudes toward guns and violence. <em>Journal of Clinical Child Psychology<\/em>, 26(3), 311\u2013320. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15374424jccp2603_10\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15374424jccp2603_10<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Tyler, T. R. (2006). <em>Why people obey the law<\/em>. Princeton University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781400828609\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9781400828609<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">About You<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What is your sex?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In what grade are you?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What is your race?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Are you Hispanic or Latino?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What is your sexual orientation?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How important is it to you that in the future&#8230;.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with these statements about yourself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How often would you make the following statements?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">You&#039;ve got to fight to show people you&#039;re not a wimp.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If someone disrespects me\u201a have to fight them to get my pride back.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Carrying a gun makes people feel safe.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Carrying a gun makes people feel powerful and strong.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If people are nice to me I&#039;ll be nice to them\u201a but if someone stops me from getting what I want\u201a they&#039;ll pay for it bad.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I&#039;d like to have a gun so that people would liik up to me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I wish there weren&#039;t any guns in my neighborhood.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I bet it would feel real cool to walk down the street with a gun in my pocket.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I&#039;d feel awful inside if someone laughed at me and I didn&#039;t fight them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The people I respect would never go around with a gun because they&#039;re against hurting people<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think it would be fun to play around with a real gun.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If someone insults me or my family\u201a it really bothers me\u201a but if I beat them up\u201a that makes me feel better.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If somebody insults you\u201a and you don&#039;t want to be a chump\u201a you have to fight.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t like people who have guns because they might kill someone.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A kid who doesn&#039;t get even with someone who makes fun of him is a sucker.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Belonging to a gang makes kids feel safe because they&#039;ve got people to back them up.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I acted the way teachers think I should out on the street\u201a people would think I was weak and I&#039;d get pushed around.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I wish everyone would get rid of all their guns.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don&#039;t like being around people with guns because someone could end up getting hurt.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Kids in gangs feel like they&#039;re part of something powerful.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Threatening to use a weapon is an effective way to avoid a physical fight.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Avoiding or walking away from someone who wants to fight is an effective way to avoid a physical fight.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Carrying a weapon is an effective way to avoid a physical fight.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Apologizing (saying you\u2019re sorry) is an effective way to avoid a physical fight.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How wrong do you think it is for someone your age to drink beer\u201a wine or hard liquor (e.g.\u201a vodka\u201a whiskey\u201a or gin) regularly?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How wrong do you think it is for someone your age to smoke cigarettes?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How wrong do you think it is for someone your age to smoke marijuana?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How wrong do you think it is for someone your age to use crack cocaine\u201a powder cocaine\u201a heroin\u201a amphetamines or another illegal drug?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much do you think people risk harming themselves (physically or in other ways) if they take one or two drinks of alcohol nearly every day?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How wrong do you think it is for someone your age to use smokeless tobacco?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Think back over the LAST TWO WEEKS. How many times have you had five or more drinks in a row?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How wrong do you think it is for someone your age to use pills or other medications that were prescribed for someone else?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a how many times did you use marijuana?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much do you think people risk harming themselves (physically or in other ways) if they smoke marijuana regularly?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have made a promise to myself that I will not drink alcohol.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Think back over the LAST TWO WEEKS. How many times have you had marijuana?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have made a final decision to stay away from marijuana.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Think back over the LAST TWO WEEKS. How many times did you use any form of cocaine\u201a including powder\u201a crack\u201a or freebase?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How serious do you think gang activities are in your neighborhood?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think you are safer\u201a and have protection\u201a if you join a gang.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I will probably join a gang.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Some of my friends at school belong to gangs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think it&#039;s cool to be in a gang.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My friends would think less of me if I joined a gang.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe it is dangerous to join a gang\u037e you will probably end up getting hurt or killed if you belong to a gang.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think being in a gang makes it more likely that you will get into trouble.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Some people in my family belong to a gang\u201a or used to belong to a gang.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I belong to a gang.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a if you have had any contact with a Milwaukee Police officer\u201a what were the reasons for the contact? (Check all that apply)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the last 12 months\u201a if you have had any contact with a Milwaukee Police officer\u201a what were the reasons for the contact? (Check all that apply)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do you feel you were treated with respect by the Milwaukee Police officer during this\/these encounter(s)?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">For how long have you been going to the Safe Place youth center you are attending now?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">On average\u201a how often do you visit the Safe Place youth center you are attending now?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The program has helped me to feel better about myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I like coming to this program.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analyse psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9taill\u00e9e de l&rsquo;Enqu\u00eate d&rsquo;automne pour les jeunes Safe Place (Safe Place Fall Youth Survey), int\u00e9grant l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle ATGV, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des apprentissages socio-\u00e9motionnels, de l&rsquo;implication dans les gangs et des attitudes face \u00e0 la violence.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[31,127,2],"tags":[17807,10061,17809,17810,17811,16,355,17806,17808],"class_list":["post-12328","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-psychologiques","category-psychologie-du-developpement","category-psychometrie","tag-atgv","tag-delinquance-juvenile","tag-evaluation-adolescents","tag-gangs","tag-milwaukee","tag-psychometrie","tag-resilience","tag-safe-place-survey","tag-violence-armee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/12328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12328"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/12328\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}