{"id":12218,"date":"2026-10-02T13:36:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T13:36:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/questionnaire-des-valeurs-sociales-svq\/"},"modified":"2026-10-02T13:36:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T13:36:09","slug":"questionnaire-des-valeurs-sociales-svq","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=questionnaire-des-valeurs-sociales-svq","title":{"rendered":"Questionnaire des valeurs sociales (SVQ)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Questionnaire des valeurs sociales<\/strong> (en anglais, <em>Social Values Questionnaire<\/em> ou <strong>SVQ<\/strong>) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par le psychologue social <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haverford_College\">Sidney I. Perloe<\/a> \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960 au Haverford College. Con\u00e7u initialement dans le cadre d&rsquo;un vaste programme de recherche subventionn\u00e9 par le Bureau de la recherche du d\u00e9partement de la Sant\u00e9, de l&rsquo;\u00c9ducation et du Bien-\u00eatre des \u00c9tats-Unis, le SVQ vise \u00e0 op\u00e9rationnaliser et \u00e9valuer les orientations normatives, id\u00e9ologiques et \u00e9thiques relatives \u00e0 la citoyennet\u00e9, \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9 civique et aux relations entre l&rsquo;individu et la collectivit\u00e9. L&rsquo;instrument permet d&rsquo;explorer les tensions fondamentales qui structurent la vie sociale, notamment l&rsquo;arbitrage entre l&rsquo;autonomie individuelle (individualisme, non-ing\u00e9rence, primaut\u00e9 des droits personnels) et les devoirs envers le groupe (solidarit\u00e9, conformit\u00e9 aux normes collectives, r\u00e9gulation morale et bien-\u00eatre communautaire).<\/p>\n<p>Dans sa forme int\u00e9grale et approfondie, le SVQ collige 132 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s mesur\u00e9s au moyen d&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle de r\u00e9ponse de type Likert en 6 points, allant de <em>\u00ab strongly agree \u00bb<\/em> (fortement d&rsquo;accord) \u00e0 <em>\u00ab strongly disagree \u00bb<\/em> (fortement en d\u00e9saccord), sans point m\u00e9dian neutre, contraignant ainsi les r\u00e9pondants \u00e0 expliciter une prise de position axiologique. L&rsquo;architecture factorielle du questionnaire d\u00e9gage quatre sous-\u00e9chelles fondamentales : (1) <strong>Bien-\u00eatre social<\/strong> (<em>Social Welfare<\/em>), (2) <strong>Coop\u00e9ration envers les objectifs du groupe<\/strong> (<em>Cooperation toward Group Goals<\/em>), (3) <strong>Identification aux groupes<\/strong> (<em>Identification with Groups<\/em>), et (4) <strong>Pression morale et r\u00e9gulation normative<\/strong> (<em>Moral Pressure<\/em>). Les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques initiales men\u00e9es sur de larges cohortes d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants universitaires ont mis en \u00e9vidence une consistance interne satisfaisante pour les diff\u00e9rentes dimensions (coefficients alpha de Cronbach g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement situ\u00e9s entre 0,72 et 0,86) ainsi qu&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 de construit solide, document\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations pr\u00e9dictives significatives avec l&rsquo;engagement civique, l&rsquo;activisme politique, les attitudes envers les minorit\u00e9s et le d\u00e9veloppement moral au cours du cursus universitaire.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Valeurs sociales, Sidney I. Perloe, responsabilit\u00e9 civique, individualisme vs collectivisme, r\u00e9gulation morale, bien-\u00eatre social, coop\u00e9ration de groupe, identification sociale, psychom\u00e9trie, attitudes politiques, \u00e9thique communautaire, comportement prosocial.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>Le <em>Social Values Questionnaire<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et valid\u00e9 par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sidney I. Perloe, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychologie au d\u00e9partement de psychologie du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.haverford.edu\/\">Haverford College<\/a> (Haverford, Pennsylvanie, \u00c9tats-Unis). Ses travaux de recherche se sont principalement concentr\u00e9s sur la psychologie sociale du d\u00e9veloppement moral, les attitudes intergroupes, les valeurs civiques chez les jeunes adultes et les transformations normatives au sein des institutions universitaires d&rsquo;arts lib\u00e9raux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les investigations psychom\u00e9triques et empiriques du SVQ ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 du soutien institutionnel et financier de l&rsquo;<em>Office of Education<\/em> du D\u00e9partement am\u00e9ricain de la Sant\u00e9, de l&rsquo;\u00c9ducation et de la Pr\u00e9voyance sociale (<em>U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare<\/em>, projet de recherche n\u00b0 S-308, Bureau n\u00b0 5-8210). L&rsquo;outil a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9pertori\u00e9 et analys\u00e9 dans l&rsquo;ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de l&rsquo;Institute for Social Research de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Michigan r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par John P. Robinson et Phillip R. Shaver (1969).<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du <strong>Social Values Questionnaire (SVQ)<\/strong> est de mesurer les structures d&rsquo;attitudes et les sch\u00e8mes de valeurs qui gouvernent le rapport d&rsquo;un individu \u00e0 sa communaut\u00e9 et \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans son ensemble. D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 dans un contexte historique marqu\u00e9 par les mutations sociopolitiques intenses des ann\u00e9es 1960 aux \u00c9tats-Unis \u2014 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par les mouvements pour les droits civiques, les contestations pacifistes et l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence de contre-cultures \u00e9tudiantes \u2014, le questionnaire cherchait \u00e0 d\u00e9passer les mesures d&rsquo;id\u00e9ologie politique conventionnelles (telles que les \u00e9chelles lib\u00e9ralisme-conservatisme unidimensionnelles) pour appr\u00e9hender les fondements axiologiques profonds de la citoyennet\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan th\u00e9orique et appliqu\u00e9, le SVQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 plusieurs interrogations majeures de la psychologie sociale et de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuation des valeurs civiques et d\u00e9mocratiques :<\/strong> D\u00e9terminer comment les individus con\u00e7oivent les obligations r\u00e9ciproques entre le citoyen et la communaut\u00e9, notamment le devoir d&rsquo;intervention en cas d&rsquo;injustice, l&rsquo;obligation d&rsquo;assistance aux populations vuln\u00e9rables et la participation aux processus d\u00e9cisionnels collectifs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9tude longitudinale du changement de valeurs :<\/strong> Fournir un instrument sensible aux transformations identitaires et \u00e9thiques chez les \u00e9tudiants de premier cycle universitaire, en mesurant l&rsquo;effet de la socialisation acad\u00e9mique, de l&rsquo;exposition \u00e0 des pairs diversifi\u00e9s et des climats institutionnels sur l&rsquo;autonomie morale et le sentiment d&rsquo;interd\u00e9pendance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analyse de la conformit\u00e9 versus la r\u00e9sistance morale :<\/strong> Quantifier le degr\u00e9 auquel un individu l\u00e9gitime la contrainte de groupe, la surveillance mutuelle et l&rsquo;application de sanctions normatives, par opposition \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense absolue de la libert\u00e9 de conscience, de la sph\u00e8re priv\u00e9e et du droit \u00e0 la dissidence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Applications en recherche comportementale :<\/strong> Servir de variable pr\u00e9dictive dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude des comportements prosociaux r\u00e9els, tels que l&rsquo;effet du t\u00e9moin (<em>bystander effect<\/em>), l&rsquo;implication b\u00e9n\u00e9vole, l&rsquo;activisme social et la propension \u00e0 intervenir lors de comportements discriminatoires ou immoraux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le SVQ conceptualise les valeurs sociales non pas comme des traits de personnalit\u00e9 rigides, mais comme des principes directeurs abstraits et relativement stables qui hi\u00e9rarchisent les priorit\u00e9s comportementales dans les situations d&rsquo;interd\u00e9pendance humaine. L&rsquo;instrument s&rsquo;articule autour de quatre dimensions fondamentales issues d&rsquo;analyses factorielles rigoureuses :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Bien-\u00eatre social (<em>Social Welfare<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value l&rsquo;ampleur et la nature du sentiment d&rsquo;obligation d&rsquo;un individu \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard de l&rsquo;assistance, de la protection et de l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie d&rsquo;autrui. Les individus obtenant des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s sur ce facteur consid\u00e8rent que la moralit\u00e9 exige activement d&rsquo;att\u00e9nuer la souffrance humaine, d&rsquo;intervenir pour d\u00e9fendre les victimes d&rsquo;injustices (y compris au-del\u00e0 du cercle restreint des proches) et de subordonner parfois ses propres aises au bien-\u00eatre de tiers d\u00e9munis ou g\u00e9ographiquement distants. \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, un score faible refl\u00e8te une adh\u00e9sion au darwinisme social, \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le de responsabilit\u00e9 strictement individuel (\u00ab chacun doit se d\u00e9brouiller par ses propres moyens \u00bb) ou \u00e0 une restriction de la sollicitude morale aux seuls membres de la famille et amis intimes.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Coop\u00e9ration envers les objectifs du groupe (<em>Cooperation toward Group Goals<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante mesure la disposition d&rsquo;un individu \u00e0 harmoniser ses actions avec celles d&rsquo;une collectivit\u00e9 et \u00e0 faire passer les finalit\u00e9s communes avant ses pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences purement \u00e9go\u00efstes. Elle explore la croyance en l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que de l&rsquo;action coordonn\u00e9e, la recherche de gratification dans l&rsquo;effort concert\u00e9 et l&rsquo;acceptation de compromis ou d&rsquo;inconv\u00e9nients personnels dans le but de r\u00e9aliser un objectif partag\u00e9. Les personnes r\u00e9fractaires \u00e0 cette dimension privil\u00e9gient l&rsquo;action autonome non coordonn\u00e9e, craignant que l&rsquo;alignement sur les buts d&rsquo;une \u00e9quipe n&rsquo;\u00e9touffe l&rsquo;expression singuli\u00e8re des talents individuels.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Identification aux groupes (<em>Identification with Groups<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce construit s&rsquo;attache \u00e0 la dimension affective et ontologique de l&rsquo;appartenance sociale. Il \u00e9value le postulat selon lequel l&rsquo;\u00eatre humain trouve son accomplissement, son sens et son \u00e9panouissement v\u00e9ritables dans la communion avec un groupe solidaire. Un niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 d&rsquo;identification sociale traduit une vision symbiotique des rapports homme-groupe, o\u00f9 les valeurs individuelles sont per\u00e7ues comme trouvant leur origine l\u00e9gitime dans la collectivit\u00e9. Les positions oppos\u00e9es d\u00e9fendent un individualisme radical, posant que l&rsquo;individu est par nature un \u00eatre s\u00e9par\u00e9, complet en lui-m\u00eame, et que l&rsquo;all\u00e9geance aux organisations menace l&rsquo;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de son d\u00e9veloppement personnel.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Pression morale et r\u00e9gulation normative (<em>Moral Pressure<\/em>)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle sonde l&rsquo;attitude des r\u00e9pondants envers les m\u00e9canismes de contr\u00f4le social informel et formel. Elle examine la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 accord\u00e9e aux membres d&rsquo;un groupe pour surveiller, critiquer ouvertement et sanctionner les manquements \u00e9thiques de leurs pairs, ou pour inciter les membres h\u00e9sitants \u00e0 se conformer aux normes collectives. Les r\u00e9pondants favorables \u00e0 la r\u00e9gulation normative consid\u00e8rent que la conscience individuelle a besoin de rep\u00e8res sociaux fermes pour maintenir l&rsquo;ordre et pr\u00e9venir l&rsquo;exploitation des vuln\u00e9rables. Les r\u00e9pondants contestataires per\u00e7oivent cette pression comme une intrusion liberticide intol\u00e9rable dans la vie priv\u00e9e, affirmant que la conformit\u00e9 morale doit d\u00e9pendre exclusivement de la conscience individuelle sans coercition du groupe.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;ancrage th\u00e9orique du Questionnaire des valeurs sociales se situe au confluent de plusieurs traditions intellectuelles majeures de la sociologie et de la psychologie sociale du milieu du XXe si\u00e8cle :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>La distinction entre individualisme et collectivisme :<\/strong> Bien avant les mod\u00e9lisations interculturelles formalis\u00e9es par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geert_Hofstede\">Geert Hofstede<\/a> ou Harry Triandis, Perloe s&rsquo;est inspir\u00e9 des typologies sociologiques classiques, telles que l&rsquo;opposition entre <em>Gemeinschaft<\/em> (communaut\u00e9 organique) et <em>Gesellschaft<\/em> (soci\u00e9t\u00e9 individualiste) introduite par Ferdinand T\u00f6nnies, ainsi que des r\u00e9flexions de David Riesman dans <em>The Lonely Crowd<\/em> (1950) sur la personnalit\u00e9 guid\u00e9e de l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur (<em>inner-directed<\/em>) oppos\u00e9e \u00e0 la personnalit\u00e9 guid\u00e9e par autrui (<em>other-directed<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>La th\u00e9orie du d\u00e9veloppement moral et de l&rsquo;int\u00e9riorisation normative :<\/strong> Le SVQ s&rsquo;articule avec les courants contemporains des travaux de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lawrence_Kohlberg\">Lawrence Kohlberg<\/a> sur le raisonnement moral. Perloe cherchait \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer comment les individus articulent la morale conventionnelle (ax\u00e9e sur le maintien de l&rsquo;ordre, les r\u00e8gles du groupe et l&rsquo;approbation sociale) et la morale post-conventionnelle ou autonome (fond\u00e9e sur des principes universels de justice, d&rsquo;\u00e9galit\u00e9 et de droits humains universels).<\/li>\n<li><strong>La psychologie des groupes et la conformit\u00e9 sociale :<\/strong> L&rsquo;influence des paradigmes exp\u00e9rimentaux de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solomon_Asch\">Solomon Asch<\/a> sur la conformit\u00e9 et de Kurt Lewin sur la dynamique des groupes est omnipr\u00e9sente dans les items \u00e9valuant le pouvoir du groupe \u00e0 influencer la dissidence et la tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard de la d\u00e9viance au sein des syst\u00e8mes d\u00e9mocratiques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>L&rsquo;\u00e9thique de la responsabilit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;effet t\u00e9moin :<\/strong> Con\u00e7u peu apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;onde de choc m\u00e9diatique et scientifique caus\u00e9e par l&rsquo;homicide de Kitty Genovese en 1964, le SVQ op\u00e9rationnalise directement la responsabilit\u00e9 morale active du t\u00e9moin d&rsquo;une infraction ou d&rsquo;une d\u00e9tresse face \u00e0 la passivit\u00e9 complice et \u00e0 la diffusion de responsabilit\u00e9 (formal tendances qui allaient \u00eatre document\u00e9es exp\u00e9rimentalement par Latan\u00e9 et Darley en 1968).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique du SVQ a fait l&rsquo;objet de protocoles empiriques rigoureux document\u00e9s par Perloe (1967, 1968) et analys\u00e9s par Robinson et Shaver (1969) dans le volume <em>Measures of Political Attitudes<\/em> :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et d&rsquo;apparence<\/h3>\n<p>Le pool initial d&rsquo;\u00e9nonc\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit \u00e0 la suite d&rsquo;entretiens approfondis et d&rsquo;analyses documentaires sur les chartes institutionnelles, les codes \u00e9thiques universitaires et les textes fondateurs de la philosophie politique d\u00e9mocratique. Chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter des dilemmes moraux plausibles et \u00e9quilibr\u00e9s, \u00e9vitant les r\u00e9ponses manifestement tautologiques.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et convergente<\/h3>\n<p>Les scores aux sous-\u00e9chelles du SVQ ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 des corr\u00e9lations empiriques robustes et th\u00e9oriquement coh\u00e9rentes avec de multiples construits psychologiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Responsabilit\u00e9 sociale :<\/strong> La dimension <em>Social Welfare<\/em> corr\u00e8le positivement et significativement avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de responsabilit\u00e9 sociale de Gough, Berkowitz et Daniels (coefficients <em>r<\/em> compris entre 0,45 et 0,58, <em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,001).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Autoritarisme et dogmatisme :<\/strong> La sous-\u00e9chelle <em>Moral Pressure<\/em> corr\u00e8le positivement avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle F d&rsquo;Adorno et l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de dogmatisme de Rokeach (<em>r<\/em> oscillant entre 0,38 et 0,49), indiquant que la propension \u00e0 imposer des r\u00e8gles de groupe strictes partage une variance commune avec les tendances autoritaires conventionnelles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lib\u00e9ralisme civique et droits civiques :<\/strong> Les \u00e9tudiants manifestant des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s en <em>Social Welfare<\/em> et une faible adh\u00e9sion \u00e0 la coercition morale aveugle soutenaient significativement plus les politiques en faveur des minorit\u00e9s raciales et la libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;expression sur les campus (<em>r<\/em> = 0,52, <em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,01).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive et de crit\u00e8re<\/h3>\n<p>Dans les enqu\u00eates longitudinales men\u00e9es par Perloe au Haverford College et dans plusieurs institutions comparatives, les scores au SVQ pr\u00e9disaient de fa\u00e7on statistiquement significative le choix d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s b\u00e9n\u00e9voles r\u00e9elles, la participation active \u00e0 des manifestations civiques et les choix de carri\u00e8re orient\u00e9s vers les services publics ou l&rsquo;enseignement, par rapport aux orientations mercantiles.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 m\u00e9trique du <em>Social Values Questionnaire<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes d&rsquo;estimation empirique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Consistance interne :<\/strong> En raison de la taille substantielle du questionnaire (132 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s), la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 composite de l&rsquo;ensemble de l&rsquo;instrument s&rsquo;av\u00e8re extr\u00eamement robuste, avec un alpha de Cronbach global exc\u00e9dant 0,90 dans les \u00e9chantillons normatifs initiaux. Pour les sous-\u00e9chelles sp\u00e9cifiques, les coefficients de coh\u00e9rence interne (alpha de Cronbach) rapport\u00e9s par Perloe (1967) sont les suivants :\n<ul>\n<li><em>Social Welfare<\/em> (Bien-\u00eatre social) : &alpha; = 0,84<\/li>\n<li><em>Cooperation toward Group Goals<\/em> (Coop\u00e9ration) : &alpha; = 0,78<\/li>\n<li><em>Identification with Groups<\/em> (Identification sociale) : &alpha; = 0,81<\/li>\n<li><em>Moral Pressure<\/em> (Pression morale) : &alpha; = 0,74<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest :<\/strong> Lors d&rsquo;administrations r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s de sous-\u00e9chantillons d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants sur des intervalles temporels de quatre \u00e0 huit semaines, les coefficients de stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (test-retest <em>r<\/em>) se situaient entre 0,76 et 0,85, attestant que le SVQ capture des orientations de valeurs fondamentales stables plut\u00f4t que de simples fluctuations d&rsquo;humeur circonstancielles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 par demi-partition (Split-Half) :<\/strong> Les estimations calcul\u00e9es selon la formule de Spearman-Brown ont indiqu\u00e9 des indices de corr\u00e9lation corrig\u00e9s variant de 0,79 \u00e0 0,88 pour les macro-dimensions du questionnaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE) men\u00e9e par Perloe (1967) sur les matrices de corr\u00e9lations inter-items a constitu\u00e9 une \u00e9tape d\u00e9cisive pour clarifier la taxonomie des valeurs sociales \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 l&rsquo;informatique appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 la statistique \u00e9tait encore \u00e0 ses d\u00e9buts. Les analyses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conduites par la m\u00e9thode des composantes principales suivie de rotations orthogonales (Varimax) et obliques (Promax) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Extraction et structure dimensionnelle :<\/strong> L&rsquo;examen des valeurs propres (crit\u00e8re de Kaiser et \u00e9boulis des valeurs propres) a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 l&rsquo;existence de quatre \u00e0 six facteurs dominants expliquant la majorit\u00e9 de la variance commune. La structure en quatre facteurs principaux s&rsquo;est av\u00e9r\u00e9e la plus parcimonieuse, th\u00e9oriquement intelligible et r\u00e9plicable.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Saturation des items (Factor Loadings) :<\/strong> Les items centraux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle pr\u00e9sentent des saturations primaires marqu\u00e9es (sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 0,40 et atteignant fr\u00e9quemment 0,60 \u00e0 0,70 sur leur facteur assign\u00e9) avec des saturations crois\u00e9es r\u00e9siduelles faibles sur les autres dimensions. Par exemple, l&rsquo;\u00e9nonc\u00e9 <em>\u00ab Happiness comes when a man puts self interest aside and devotes himself to the welfare of others \u00bb<\/em> (Item 25) et l&rsquo;\u00e9nonc\u00e9 <em>\u00ab People should be as concerned with the rights and conditions of others as they are of themselves \u00bb<\/em> (Item 27) ont satur\u00e9 fortement sur le facteur <strong>Social Welfare<\/strong> (saturations respectives de 0,64 et 0,67). Les \u00e9nonc\u00e9s valorisant l&rsquo;ind\u00e9pendance radicale (tels que l&rsquo;Item 18 <em>\u00ab To be superior a man must stand alone \u00bb<\/em>) ont satur\u00e9 n\u00e9gativement sur le facteur <strong>Identification with Groups<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inter-corr\u00e9lations des facteurs :<\/strong> Les rotations obliques ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les facteurs <em>Social Welfare<\/em> et <em>Cooperation toward Group Goals<\/em> entretiennent une corr\u00e9lation positive mod\u00e9r\u00e9e (<em>r<\/em> &asymp; 0,38), tandis que la dimension <em>Moral Pressure<\/em> pr\u00e9sente une corr\u00e9lation quasi nulle \u00e0 l\u00e9g\u00e8rement n\u00e9gative avec la vision humaniste du bien-\u00eatre social \u00e9largi, d\u00e9montrant une distinction clinique et empirique cruciale entre la bienveillance altruiste et le conformisme autoritaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom officiel :<\/strong> Social Values Questionnaire (SVQ) \u2014 Questionnaire des valeurs sociales<\/li>\n<li><strong>Auteur :<\/strong> Sidney I. Perloe, Ph.D. (1967)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;instrument :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation psychologique et sociologique (papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9e)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Adultes, jeunes adultes, \u00e9tudiants d&rsquo;universit\u00e9 et citoyens participant \u00e0 des \u00e9tudes psychosociales ou politiques<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 132 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s affirmatifs<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format et modalit\u00e9 de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert \u00e0 6 points sans point neutre :\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1<\/strong> = strongly agree (fortement d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li><strong>2<\/strong> = moderately agree (mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li><strong>3<\/strong> = slightly agree (l\u00e9g\u00e8rement d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li><strong>4<\/strong> = slightly disagree (l\u00e9g\u00e8rement en d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li><strong>5<\/strong> = moderately disagree (mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment en d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<li><strong>6<\/strong> = strongly disagree (fortement en d\u00e9saccord)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et inversion :<\/strong> De nombreux items formul\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re individualiste ou contestant les devoirs sociaux sont marqu\u00e9s d&rsquo;un ast\u00e9risque (*) dans le protocole de recherche pour signaler leur recodage invers\u00e9 lors de l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement des scores des sous-\u00e9chelles de solidarit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;engagement de groupe. Les scores sont calcul\u00e9s par la moyenne ou la somme des items rattach\u00e9s \u00e0 chacune des 4 dimensions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e moyenne de passation :<\/strong> Environ 30 \u00e0 45 minutes pour la version compl\u00e8te de 132 items.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9veloppement :<\/strong> 1967 (avec des travaux pr\u00e9liminaires s&rsquo;\u00e9talant de 1956 \u00e0 1967 et des rapports compl\u00e9mentaires en 1968).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur et permissions :<\/strong> Le questionnaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 dans le cadre d&rsquo;un rapport de recherche financ\u00e9 par des fonds f\u00e9d\u00e9raux am\u00e9ricains (<em>Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare<\/em>, Project No. S-308). En vertu de ce statut et de sa publication dans les archives publiques de l&rsquo;ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) et de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Michigan (ISR), l&rsquo;instrument est dans le domaine public \u00e0 des fins de recherche acad\u00e9mique, scientifique et p\u00e9dagogique non commerciale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarification :<\/strong> Acc\u00e8s libre et gratuit (aucun droit de redevance ou licence commerciale payante requis pour son utilisation dans un cadre scientifique). Les chercheurs sont tenus de citer les rapports originaux de Perloe et le recueil de Robinson &amp; Shaver.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Perloe, S. I. (1967). <em>To develop and partially validate a questionnaire to measure values relevant to good citizenship and to prepare a large-scale project to study value change in a variety of colleges<\/em> (Research Report, Project Number S-308, Bureau Number 5-8210). Haverford College &amp; Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED010636\">https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED010636<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Perloe, S. I. (1967). <em>The factorial structure of the social values questionnaire<\/em>. Dittoed manuscript dated October 1967, Haverford College.<\/li>\n<li>Perloe, S. I. (1968). <em>Social responsibility and individualism in college students: A preliminary report<\/em>. Dittoed manuscript dated April 1968, Haverford College.<\/li>\n<li>Robinson, J. P., &amp; Shaver, P. R. (1969). <em>Measures of Political Attitudes<\/em>. Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psc.isr.umich.edu\/dis\/infoserv\/isrpub\/pdf\/Measuresofsocialpsychologicalattitudes_2928_.PDF\">https:\/\/www.psc.isr.umich.edu\/dis\/infoserv\/isrpub\/pdf\/Measuresofsocialpsychologicalattitudes_2928_.PDF<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire \/ Scale Items<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n  Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-family:sans-serif;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:15px; font-style:italic;\">Response scale: 1. strongly agree\u201a 2. moderately agree\u201a 3. slightly agree\u201a 4. slightly disagree\u201a 5. moderately disagree\u201a 6. strongly disagree<\/p>\n<ol style=\"line-height:1.7; padding-left:25px;\">\n<li>In life an individual should for the most part go it alone\u201a assuring himself of privacy\u201a ha\u200eving much time to himself\u201a attempting to control his own life. [attempting to resist being influenced by others.]*<\/li>\n<li>The typical law abiding person who avoids situations in which transgressions occur\u201a rather than acting in such situations to protect those who are being injured\u201a does not deserve the respect of his fellow citizens.<\/li>\n<li>Most satisfying is the knowledge that one is an indispensable and appreciated member of a purposeful and effective group (team or institution).<\/li>\n<li>The members of a group ought to be willing to inconvenience themselves in order to help the group accomplish its goals.<\/li>\n<li>One must avoid dependence upon persons or things; the center of life should be found within oneself.<\/li>\n<li>If a person is not genuinely and spontaneously concerned with the welfare of others he should vat engage in social welfare activities.<\/li>\n<li>Spontaneous\u201a vigorous action is more important than taking precautions to minimize the inconvenience one&rsquo;s acts cause to others.<\/li>\n<li>Whether someone works for the welfare of others or devotes himself to his private interests is less important in determining his worth than whether or not he acts on the basis of genuine personal interest.<\/li>\n<li>It is often better for a group to agree upon specific rules to regulate behaviors of importance to the group than to leave the regulation to the individual judgments of the group members.<\/li>\n<li>A person who witnesses an unlawful or immoral act and does not try to prevent its occurrence shares some part of the guilt with the transgressor.<\/li>\n<li>Concern for the welfare of others should go beyond seeing that they have their essential physical needs met.<\/li>\n<li>A person must limit the range of people toward whom he acts with consideration and compassion.<\/li>\n<li>It is immoral for a person to show indifference toward the well-being of members of his immediate circle of friends.<\/li>\n<li>People cannot rely solely upon ministers\u201a policemen and judges to insure moral behavior among the citizens of a community; they oust each act to dissuade others from anti-social acts.*<\/li>\n<li>It is quite reasonable for the members of a group to try to influence indifferent or mildly dissenting members to go along with the grump.<\/li>\n<li>A member of a group which engages in immoral acts shares the guilt of the group unless he does all he can to prevent its immoral behavior.<\/li>\n<li>An individual who has not caused another&rsquo;s misfortune has no obligation to help the other person.<\/li>\n<li>To be superior a man must stand alone.<\/li>\n<li>A man&rsquo;s self-fulfillment through his work and his life with family and friends should almost always transcend his obligations to the larger community in which he lives. [to participate in the civic activities of his community\u201a e.g.\u201a being active in a local civic\u201a political\u201a cultural or ch\u200earitable organization.]*<\/li>\n<li>It is wrong to limit the freedom of one man because it inconveniences another.<\/li>\n<li>Although groups are composed of individuals\u201a they have valuable ch\u200earacteristics which cannot be found in any of the individual members.<\/li>\n<li>The feeling of ha\u200eving caused someone harm or discomfort is one of the most painful a human can have.<\/li>\n<li>Some of life&rsquo;s greatest satisfactions are found in working cooperatively with others.<\/li>\n<li>Nature&rsquo;s law for all organisms is the survival of the fittest; to hinder its operation is to endanger the survival or health of the entire community.<\/li>\n<li>Happiness comes when a man puts self interest aside and devotes himself to the welfare of others.<\/li>\n<li>The aims and procedures of a group ought to be arrived at through free give and take discussion and then adhered to by all the members.<\/li>\n<li>People should be as concerned with the rights and conditions of others as they are of themselves or their immediate families.<\/li>\n<li>Whether an individual acts to protect and enhance the welfare of persons beyond his circle of friends and relatives is a matter of personal preference\u201a not moral obligation.*<\/li>\n<li>People cannot be considered moral if they are indifferent to the welfare of the members of the community in which they live and work.<\/li>\n<li>A man who is unable to take care of the needs of himself and his family does not deserve the respect of others.<\/li>\n<li>Everyone has an obligation to criticize other members of his community when they behave in an immoral\u201a anti-social manner.<\/li>\n<li>It is worth embarrassing another person in order to make a good joke or carry out a clever prank.<\/li>\n<li>Men are first and foremost individual beings; the identifications they may have with groups never really alters their essential separateness from one another.*<\/li>\n<li>It is only natural that the desires of the individual and the desires of the group to which he belongs will come into conflict frequently.<\/li>\n<li>The person who chooses to pay little or no attention to the welfare of persons with whom he has no personal connection is acting immorally.<\/li>\n<li>No limitations should be placed on the freedom of people to do as they please unless their acts unquestionably cause serious damage to others.<\/li>\n<li>Altruistic acts are not sufficiently valued in our society.<\/li>\n<li>It is better for a person to ignore the larger social concerns of the community in which he lives than to force himself to take part in these concerns merely from a sense of obligation.*<\/li>\n<li>When one person behaves unjustly toward another\u201a it is wrong for a third person to intervene to correct the injustice unless he is a close friend or relative of one of the parties. [unless he has been asked to do so.] *<\/li>\n<li>Democracy requires both the free participation by group members in deciding upon the goals and regulations of the group and the willingness of the members to abide by these decisions.<\/li>\n<li>Not only does everyone have an inalienable right to life\u201a liberty and the pursuit of happiness\u201a he also has an equally inalienable obligation to protect others from ha\u200eving these rights taken from them.<\/li>\n<li>One&rsquo;s major obligation to other men is to let them alone so that they may sink or swim by their own efforts.*<\/li>\n<li>Man&rsquo;s natural state is as a member of a group; the individual who holds himself aloof from active participation in a community-is acting against his natural inclinations.<\/li>\n<li>People should leave the prevention of immoral acts up to those whose job is specifically concerned with such prevention.*<\/li>\n<li>Minor conflicts between one&rsquo;s own comfort and convenience and that of a neighbor should be resolved in favor of the neighbor more often than not.<\/li>\n<li>It is often more gratifying on work for the accomplishment of a goal held by a group to which one belongs than to work for the attainment of a purely personal goal.<\/li>\n<li>Although altruism and a feeling of responsibility for the welfare of others are admirable qualities\u201a a person should not be required to have them in order to be respected by himself or others.*<\/li>\n<li>Most of life&rsquo;s goals are accomplished better by people organizing themselves into groups and working in a coordinated way than by people working as individuals.<\/li>\n<li>A community in which people were very concerned with each other&rsquo;s morality as well as their own would be an intolerable one in which to live.*<\/li>\n<li>People should be willing to diminish their own comfort and convenience in order to avoid interfering with the rights and welfare of their neighbors.<\/li>\n<li>An individual most deserves the feeling of satisfaction with himself after he has done something to help someone else.<\/li>\n<li>A person should be willing to speak out against [to openly criticize] individuals who break the rules agreed upon by the group.<\/li>\n<li>It is important for an individual to be closely identified with at least one group.<\/li>\n<li>No one can be genuinely concerned with the welfare of people whom he doesn&rsquo;t know and has never seen.<\/li>\n<li>A young person&rsquo;s most important responsibility is developing his own skills and capacities and his ability to appreciate what life has to offer.<\/li>\n<li>When groups have to exert pressure on some members in order to accomplish group goals and uphold norms\u201a the goal or norm loses its value.<\/li>\n<li>Individual consciences need the support of laws and social codes in order to function most effectively in producing moral behavior.<\/li>\n<li>Things work best when people concern themselves with their own welfare and let others take care of themselves.*<\/li>\n<li>It is natural and proper that a person should approach other people with a view to how they can help him reach his goals.<\/li>\n<li>Group members ought to join in group activities even if they are initially indifferent or mildly opposed to these activities.<\/li>\n<li>The individualist is the men who is most likely to discover the best road to a new future.<\/li>\n<li>A community in which everyone could be sure that his well &#8211; being would be protected and fostered by his fellow citizens would soon lose its vitality and cease to develop.<\/li>\n<li>It is better to let someone behave inconsiderately toward another person than to butt into the relationship in order to correct the injustice.<\/li>\n<li>Virtue and honor do not belong to those who merely dissociate themselves from the immoral acts of their fellow men; rather\u201a it belongs only to those who energetically work to prevent such acts.<\/li>\n<li>Conformity to group norms and goals should be left to the consciences of the individual members.<\/li>\n<li>One of the worst feelings a person can have occurs when he has fallen short of what his group expected of him.<\/li>\n<li>It is just as important to work toward group goals and adhere to the established rules of the group as it is to gratify one&rsquo;s individual desires.<\/li>\n<li>When one individual behaves unjustly toward another\u201a it is wrong for a third person to intervene to correct the injustice unless he has been asked to do so.<\/li>\n<li>Every person&rsquo;s values ultimately spring from some group to which he has belonged\u201a currently belongs or aspires to belong.<\/li>\n<li>It is better to ignore a person in need when one feels no personal come\u201a passion for him than to act compassionately out of a sense of obligation or guilt.*<\/li>\n<li>The most profound happiness is reserved for those who are capable of selfless dedication to a cause.<\/li>\n<li>Regardless of the content of the act\u201a it is better to do something that springs from a genuine personal interest than from a feeling of social obligation.<\/li>\n<li>It is the man who stands alone who excites our admiration.<\/li>\n<li>A men should not be respected for his achievements if they were obtained by interfering with the welfare and development of others.<\/li>\n<li>Only a person who remains aloof from social organizations and group allegiances can fully develop his potential as an individual.*<\/li>\n<li>The consequences flowing from the limitation of a person&rsquo;s freedom to use his resources and skills as he wishes are often far worse than the discomfort such freedom might cause to others.<\/li>\n<li>Man&rsquo;s natural state is as an independent\u201a unattached individual; he acts in conflict with his essential qualities when he acts jointly with others as a member of a solidary group.*<\/li>\n<li>It is dishonorable to feel indifferent towards persons in distant lands who are deprived of their rights or well-being.<\/li>\n<li>The mere fact that one group or nation is prosperous and another is not places no obligation on the \u201chave\u201d group to improve the lot of the \u201chave-not&rsquo;\u201a group.*<\/li>\n<li>Individuals do not really fulfill their human potentials unless they involve themselves deeply in some group.<\/li>\n<li>Regardless of how democratically a group sets up its rules\u201a it ceases to be a democratic group once it begins to pressure its members to conform to these rules.*<\/li>\n<li>Groups and communities which refuse to regulate the behaviors of their members encourage the exploitation of the weak by the powerful.<\/li>\n<li>There is no necessary opposition between an individual&rsquo;s fulfillment of his own needs and his fulfillment of the needs of the groups to which he belongs.<\/li>\n<li>Individuals should be ready to inhibit their own pleasures if these inconvenience others.<\/li>\n<li>People who identify strongly with some group usually do so at the expense of their development and individual self-fulfillment.*<\/li>\n<li>Doing something for a friend is more satisfying than doing something for yourself.<\/li>\n<li>When the needs of a group and the preferences of some of its members come into conflict\u201a the latter ought to be given far greater weight in determining the outcome.<\/li>\n<li>It is up to the government to make sure that everyone has a secure job and a good standard of living.<\/li>\n<li>When democratically organized groups begin to influence and regulate the behaviors of their members\u201a they either disintegrate or become transformed into undemocratic\u201a autocratic groups.*<\/li>\n<li>An individual&rsquo;s responsibility for the welfare of others extends no further than the boundaries of his immediate circle of friends and relatives.*<\/li>\n<li>The absence of rules regulating the social conduct of the members of a community has the effect of implicitly condoning anti &#8211; social behavior.<\/li>\n<li>It is not proper for an individual to refuse to actively participate in some of the group activities of the community in which he lives. [It is wrong If an individual refuses to participate actively in at least some of the group activities of the community in which he lives.]<\/li>\n<li>Except for one&rsquo;s immediate family and closest friends\u201a people have a perfect right to pursue their own goals without regard to the convenience or comfort of others.*<\/li>\n<li>Tyra development of individual consciences and the development of formal group regulations and codes are mutually antagonistic.<\/li>\n<li>Encouraging others to behave in accord with generally accepted moral standards is as important as one\u2019s own living up to these standards.<\/li>\n<li>One should accept moderate amounts of unfairness as an inevitable part of life and avoid trying to make people more moral and considerate than they generally are. [One should avoid trying to make people more moral and considerate than they generally are.]*<\/li>\n<li>A person should be willing to cooperate with democratically se\u200elected group leaders\u201a even though they are not the ones he personally preferred.<\/li>\n<li>Group members have a right to resist doing something in which they have no interest even when the action in question is necessary for their group to reach its goal. [Group members should not be criticized when they refuse to do something in which they have no interest even when the action in question is necessary for their group to reach its goals.]*<\/li>\n<li>The essence of democracy is protection of the individual against any group pressures designed to make him conforms<\/li>\n<li>As soon as a person begins to consider what effects his actions will have on bystanders\u201a neighbors\u201a or fellow workers\u201a he begins to compromise his value as an individual.<\/li>\n<li>Individuals and groups exist in a symbiotic relationship; neither can flourish without satisfying the needs of the other.<\/li>\n<li>Life is more a festival than a workshop or a school for moral discipline.<\/li>\n<li>Although others may equal it in importance\u201a there is no value more important than compassion and consideration for others.<\/li>\n<li>We intrude unjustifiably into the privacy of other individuals when we try to get them to abide more closely by some moral code. [which they accept as a vague ideal\u201a but which they do not follow in their behavior.]*<\/li>\n<li>Regardless of whether groups are democratically or autocratically organized\u201a they tend to encroach upon the individual freedoms of their members.<\/li>\n<li>Individuals should feel responsible for fostering the moral growth as well as the physical well-being of others.<\/li>\n<li>If one individual is treated unjustly by another\u201a but does not do anything to remedy the injustice\u201a it is improper for an outsider to interfere and take the part of the injured person.<\/li>\n<li>In the long run\u201a people are best off if left to regulate their ant behavior rather than setting up group norms and sanctions.*<\/li>\n<li>A person is justified [right] in feeling annoyed or angry when other members of his group ignore legitimate [justifiable] group demands.<\/li>\n<li>A citizen has the responsibility to answer questions put to him by proper authorities about illegal acts he-may have witnessed\u201a but he has no obligation to volunteer such information if he is not asked.<\/li>\n<li>People who are unable to provide for their own welfare have a right to expect help from others.<\/li>\n<li>The ideal society would be one in which each individual was true to his own conscience and immune to the effects of group pressure.<\/li>\n<li>Acting to protect and enhance the rights and interests of otter members of one&rsquo;s community is a major obligation for all persons.<\/li>\n<li>Every person should be his brother&rsquo;s keeper in the physical and moral sense.<\/li>\n<li>The only people guilty of immoral acts are those who commit them or directly cause them to be committed; others who might have prevented the acts\u201a but did not\u201a should bear no blame.*<\/li>\n<li>People should give up activities which bring them pleasure if these activities cause serious discomfort to others.<\/li>\n<li>Conformity to the policies of your group when you are not wholeheartedly in agreement with them is wrong\u201a even when the policies are the result of a democratic process in which you were free to participate.*<\/li>\n<li>An individual truly finds himself when he merges with a social group and joins with others in resolute and determined activity for the realization of social goals.<\/li>\n<li>A person should not feel bound to follow the decisions of the groups to which he belongs if these decisions are not in accord with his private preferences.*<\/li>\n<li>The presence of rules and regulations governing aspects of community life tends to lead individuals to rely upon external authorities rather than on their own consciences in determining what is right and what is wrong.<\/li>\n<li>All men have an obligation to promote not only the welfare of their immediate circle of relatives but also to work for the welt -being of all the members of the community in which they live.<\/li>\n<li>It is wrong for a man to point out other people&rsquo;s moral shortcomings.*<\/li>\n<li>It is sympathetic love among persons which alone gives significance to life.<\/li>\n<li>It is the duty of every good citizen to correct anti-minority remarks made in his presence\u201a<\/li>\n<li>People damage themselves as individuals when they inhibit or in some other way modify their behaviors as a result of the rules of the groups to which they belong.*<\/li>\n<li>A democratically organized group has the right to determine what should be considered proper behavior in areas relevant to the group.<\/li>\n<li>Individuals should feel no obligation to participate in the group activities of the communities in which they happen to live or work.*<\/li>\n<li>Each cancan do no more to achieve a just society than to see to it that his own behavior is moral.<\/li>\n<li>It is proper for a group to decide to mete out some kind of punishment to group members who act without regard to the goals and rules of the group.<\/li>\n<li>Man is a social animal; he cannot flourish and grow without identifying himself with some group.<\/li>\n<li>It is legitimate for democratically organized groups to influence members who disagree with the prevailing opinion by presenting arguments and information\u201a but not by rewarding acquiescence or punishing deviance.<\/li>\n<li>Emphasizing the obligations people have to help one another impugns their abilities to take care of themselves.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Questionnaire des valeurs sociales (SVQ) de Sidney I. Perloe (1967) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique majeur compos\u00e9 de 132 items mesurant le bien-\u00eatre social, la coop\u00e9ration, l&rsquo;identification aux groupes et la r\u00e9gulation morale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[155,154,2],"tags":[17540,3645,8618,3644,17537,17541,16,17539,17538,17536],"class_list":["post-12218","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-dattitudes","category-psychologie-sociale","category-psychometrie","tag-bien-etre-social","tag-collectivisme","tag-cooperation","tag-individualisme","tag-perloe","tag-pression-morale","tag-psychometrie","tag-responsabilite-civique","tag-svq","tag-valeurs-sociales"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/12218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12218"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/12218\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}