{"id":12141,"date":"2026-10-02T11:25:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T11:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/enquete-sur-les-comportements-a-risque-des-jeunes\/"},"modified":"2026-10-02T11:25:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T11:25:52","slug":"enquete-sur-les-comportements-a-risque-des-jeunes","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=enquete-sur-les-comportements-a-risque-des-jeunes","title":{"rendered":"Enqu\u00eate sur les comportements \u00e0 risque des jeunes"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Enqu\u00eate sur les comportements \u00e0 risque des jeunes<\/strong> (connue sous l&rsquo;acronyme anglophone <em>Youth Risk Behavior Survey<\/em> ou <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\/data\/yrbs\/index.htm\">YRBS<\/a>) constitue la composante centrale du Syst\u00e8me de surveillance des comportements \u00e0 risque chez les jeunes (<em>Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System<\/em>, YRBSS), mis en place au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1990 par les <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)<\/a> aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Cet instrument \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique et psychom\u00e9trique auto-rapport\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour quantifier, surveiller et analyser l&rsquo;\u00e9volution des comportements d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res pour la sant\u00e9 physique et psychologique chez les adolescents scolaris\u00e9s de la 9e \u00e0 la 12e ann\u00e9e (soit approximativement de 14 \u00e0 18 ans). La version standardis\u00e9e \u00e9tatique et locale de 2013 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e ici comporte 86 items couvrant six domaines prioritaires : les comportements contribuant aux blessures involontaires et \u00e0 la violence, les sympt\u00f4mes d\u00e9pressifs et les conduites suicidaires, l&rsquo;usage de substances psychoactives (tabac, alcool, d\u00e9riv\u00e9s cannabiques et autres drogues illicites ou d\u00e9tourn\u00e9es), les comportements sexuels associ\u00e9s aux infections sexuellement transmissibles (IST) et aux grossesses non planifi\u00e9es, les habitudes alimentaires d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibr\u00e9es et la gestion pond\u00e9rale, ainsi que l&rsquo;inactivit\u00e9 physique et les comportements s\u00e9dentaires.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, la YRBS repose sur un format de r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 choix multiples ferm\u00e9, adapt\u00e9 au niveau de compr\u00e9hension cognitive des adolescents, avec des p\u00e9riodes de rappel standardis\u00e9es (vie enti\u00e8re, 12 derniers mois, 30 derniers jours ou 7 derniers jours). Bien qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agisse d&rsquo;un questionnaire de surveillance \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique compos\u00e9 de multiples indices comportementaux discrets, plusieurs sous-\u00e9chelles\u2014notamment la sous-\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;id\u00e9ation et de comportements suicidaires (<em>Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Subscale<\/em>, YRBS-DSI) et les indices de polymodalit\u00e9 d&rsquo;usage de substances\u2014d\u00e9montrent des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de mesure robustes. Les \u00e9valuations m\u00e9thodologiques longitudinales men\u00e9es par les CDC indiquent une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest satisfaisante \u00e0 substantielle (statistiques kappa de Cohen oscillant entre 0,61 et 0,85 pour la grande majorit\u00e9 des indicateurs comportementaux, atteignant plus de 0,90 pour les variables sociod\u00e9mographiques stables). La validit\u00e9 de construit est \u00e9tay\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations convergentes solides avec des registres hospitaliers de traumatologie, des crit\u00e8res diagnostiques du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/psychiatrists\/practice\/dsm\">DSM<\/a> pour le trouble d\u00e9pressif caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 et des enqu\u00eates nationales concordantes telles que l&rsquo;\u00e9tude <em>Monitoring the Future<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>comportements \u00e0 risque, adolescence, sant\u00e9 publique, \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie psychiatrique, id\u00e9ation suicidaire, d\u00e9pression de l&rsquo;adolescent, usage de substances, victimisation, psychom\u00e9trie, surveillance comportementale, validit\u00e9 test-retest<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument <em>Youth Risk Behavior Survey<\/em> (YRBS) a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 et est continuellement actualis\u00e9 par une \u00e9quipe pluridisciplinaire d&rsquo;\u00e9pid\u00e9miologistes, de psychologues de la sant\u00e9, de sociologues et de biostatisticiens sous l&rsquo;\u00e9gide de la <strong>Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH)<\/strong> au sein du <em>National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention<\/em> des <strong>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)<\/strong>, Atlanta, G\u00e9orgie, \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Laura Kann, PhD<\/strong> \u2014 Ancienne cheffe de la branche de surveillance et d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation scolaire (School-Based Surveillance Branch), Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH), CDC. Coordonnatrice principale du d\u00e9veloppement m\u00e9thodologique et des protocoles de standardisation du syst\u00e8me YRBSS.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Danice K. Eaton, PhD, MPH<\/strong> \u2014 \u00c9pid\u00e9miologiste senior, DASH, CDC. Travaux sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s sur la surveillance des tendances temporelles et la validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique des questions relatives aux traumatismes et \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 mentale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Steve Kinchen<\/strong> \u2014 Statisticien d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes, DASH, CDC. Mod\u00e9lisation biostatistique, pond\u00e9ration d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage probabiliste complexe et contr\u00f4le d&rsquo;erreur de mesure.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Richard Lowry, MD, MS<\/strong> \u2014 M\u00e9decin \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiste, DASH, CDC. Recherches sur l&rsquo;analyse factorielle des comportements \u00e0 risque group\u00e9s (<em>risk clusters<\/em>) et l&rsquo;impact de la d\u00e9tresse psychologique chez les adolescents.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Affiliation institutionnelle globale :<\/strong> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Contact de recherche g\u00e9n\u00e9rale : cdcinfo@cdc.gov \/ <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\">cdc.gov\/healthyyouth<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de la <em>Youth Risk Behavior Survey<\/em> est de fournir une cartographie \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique et psychologique pr\u00e9cise et reproductible des comportements qui constituent les causes majeures de morbidit\u00e9, d&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 et de mortalit\u00e9 pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e chez les jeunes et, plus largement, durant l&rsquo;\u00e2ge adulte. Historiquement, les politiques de sant\u00e9 publique destin\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;adolescence souffraient d&rsquo;un manque d&rsquo;indicateurs standardis\u00e9s et comparables \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle transnationale, \u00e9tatique et locale. La YRBS comble cette lacune en op\u00e9rationnalisant des comportements multidimensionnels complexes au sein d&rsquo;une m\u00e9trique uniforme.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan des applications en recherche psychologique et \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle permet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la co-occurrence et la synd\u00e9mie des comportements \u00e0 risque. Loin d&rsquo;\u00eatre isol\u00e9es, les conduites d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res telles que l&rsquo;id\u00e9ation suicidaire, la consommation probl\u00e9matique d&rsquo;alcool et de stup\u00e9fiants, la pr\u00e9cocit\u00e9 des rapports sexuels non prot\u00e9g\u00e9s et l&rsquo;exposition \u00e0 la violence interpersonnelle interagissent de mani\u00e8re dynamique. La YRBS est massivement mobilis\u00e9e dans des \u00e9tudes \u00e9tiologiques examinant les d\u00e9terminants sociaux de la sant\u00e9, les disparit\u00e9s v\u00e9cues par les minorit\u00e9s sexuelles et de genre, l&rsquo;impact des environnements scolaires et familiaux, ainsi que l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des interventions pr\u00e9ventives bas\u00e9es sur des donn\u00e9es probantes (<em>evidence-based programs<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Dans la pratique clinique, institutionnelle et scolaire, bien que la YRBS soit con\u00e7ue pour l&rsquo;administration collective sous strict anonymat, plusieurs de ses modules et sous-\u00e9chelles\u2014notamment les items 26 \u00e0 30 d\u00e9di\u00e9s aux affects d\u00e9pressifs et \u00e0 la suicidalit\u00e9 (YRBS-DSI)\u2014sont couramment employ\u00e9s comme instruments de d\u00e9pistage rapide (<em>screening tools<\/em>). Les cliniciens en p\u00e9dopsychiatrie, les psychologues scolaires et les professionnels des soins de sant\u00e9 primaires utilisent cette formulation standardis\u00e9e pour sonder la d\u00e9tresse \u00e9motionnelle sans introduire de biais de r\u00e9activit\u00e9 ou de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale excessifs. La justification clinique repose sur le fait que les questions directes, d\u00e9nu\u00e9es de jugement et formul\u00e9es dans un vocabulaire familier pour l&rsquo;adolescent maximisent la divulgation authentique d&rsquo;exp\u00e9riences hautement stigmatis\u00e9es comme le harc\u00e8lement en ligne, les agressions sexuelles ou la planification suicidaire.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit psychologique global appr\u00e9hend\u00e9 par la YRBS est la <strong>prise de risque chez l&rsquo;adolescent<\/strong> (<em>adolescent risk-taking behavior<\/em>), conceptualis\u00e9e comme un ensemble de conduites volontaires ou r\u00e9actives dont l&rsquo;issue comporte une probabilit\u00e9 substantielle de cons\u00e9quences n\u00e9gatives pour l&rsquo;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 biologique, psychologique ou sociale de l&rsquo;individu. Ce m\u00e9ta-construit est d\u00e9clin\u00e9 en six sous-dimensions op\u00e9rationnelles interd\u00e9pendantes :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Traumatismes involontaires et s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle (Items 8 \u00e0 12)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle mesure l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion ou la d\u00e9faillance des m\u00e9canismes d&rsquo;auto-protection face aux risques environnementaux quotidiens. Elle \u00e9value l&rsquo;utilisation du casque \u00e0 v\u00e9lo, le port de la ceinture de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la mont\u00e9e \u00e0 bord d&rsquo;un v\u00e9hicule conduit par une personne sous l&#8217;emprise de l&rsquo;alcool, la conduite en \u00e9tat d&rsquo;\u00e9bri\u00e9t\u00e9 et l&rsquo;usage de dispositifs \u00e9lectroniques (SMS, e-mails) au volant. Le construit psychologique sous-jacent renvoie \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation du danger per\u00e7u, \u00e0 l&rsquo;impulsivit\u00e9 situationnelle et \u00e0 l&rsquo;illusion d&rsquo;invuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 propre \u00e0 cette \u00e9tape du d\u00e9veloppement neurocognitif.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Exposition \u00e0 la violence, victimisation et comportements d&rsquo;agression (Items 13 \u00e0 25)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce domaine englobe la participation active \u00e0 des altercations physiques, le port d&rsquo;armes (armes \u00e0 feu, armes blanches) en milieu g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et scolaire, l&rsquo;absent\u00e9isme motiv\u00e9 par la peur pour sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9, les violences dans les relations amoureuses (physiques et sexuelles), ainsi que le harc\u00e8lement subi en milieu scolaire et cybern\u00e9tique. Psychologiquement, ce domaine capte l&rsquo;agressivit\u00e9 r\u00e9active ou proactive, les sch\u00e9mas d&rsquo;attachement relationnel dysfonctionnels, et le sentiment de menace ou de d\u00e9tresse cons\u00e9cutif \u00e0 une victimisation r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Symptomatologie d\u00e9pressive et trajectoire suicidaire (Items 26 \u00e0 30)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle, souvent isol\u00e9e sous la d\u00e9signation <strong>YRBS-DSI<\/strong> (<em>Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Subscale<\/em>), op\u00e9rationnalise une progression hi\u00e9rarchique de la d\u00e9tresse suicidaire selon les crit\u00e8res de l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\">American Psychological Association<\/a> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Affects d\u00e9pressifs durables :<\/em> Sentiment d&rsquo;abattement ou d&rsquo;impuissance presque quotidien pendant au moins deux semaines cons\u00e9cutives ayant entra\u00een\u00e9 l&rsquo;interruption des activit\u00e9s courantes (Item 26, analogue au crit\u00e8re A de l&rsquo;\u00e9pisode d\u00e9pressif majeur du DSM-5).<\/li>\n<li><em>Id\u00e9ation suicidaire passive\/active :<\/em> Envisager s\u00e9rieusement de mettre fin \u00e0 ses jours (Item 27).<\/li>\n<li><em>Planification suicidaire :<\/em> \u00c9laboration d&rsquo;un plan concret de passage \u00e0 l&rsquo;acte (Item 28).<\/li>\n<li><em>Tentative de suicide (geste) :<\/em> Nombre de passages \u00e0 l&rsquo;acte av\u00e9r\u00e9s au cours des 12 derniers mois (Item 29).<\/li>\n<li><em>L\u00e9talit\u00e9 \/ S\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 m\u00e9dicale :<\/em> Tentatives ayant n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 une intervention m\u00e9dicale ou infirmi\u00e8re (Item 30).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. Consommation de substances psychoactives (Items 31 \u00e0 58)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce volet \u00e9value la pr\u00e9cocit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;initiation, la fr\u00e9quence cumul\u00e9e, l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 de consommation r\u00e9cente (30 derniers jours) et l&rsquo;approvisionnement en substances licites ou illicites : tabac combustible et non combustible (items 31-40), alcool et \u00e9pisodes de consommation excessive \u00e9pisodique ou <em>binge drinking<\/em> (items 41-46), cannabis (items 47-49), et drogues dures ou m\u00e9dicaments d\u00e9tourn\u00e9s (coca\u00efne, solvants, h\u00e9ro\u00efne, m\u00e9thamph\u00e9tamine, MDMA, st\u00e9ro\u00efdes anabolisants, opio\u00efdes et stimulants sur ordonnance, injection intraveineuse, items 50-58). Le construit sous-jacent renvoie \u00e0 la r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle d\u00e9ficitaire, \u00e0 la recherche de sensations (<em>sensation seeking<\/em>) et aux conduites d&rsquo;autom\u00e9dication face au stress psychologique.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Comportements sexuels \u00e0 risque (Items 59 \u00e0 65)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce domaine investigue la pr\u00e9cocit\u00e9 du premier rapport sexuel, le nombre de partenaires sur la vie enti\u00e8re et r\u00e9cents, l&rsquo;association de rapports sexuels avec l&rsquo;alcool ou les drogues, ainsi que l&rsquo;utilisation de m\u00e9thodes de barri\u00e8re (pr\u00e9servatifs) et de contraceptifs m\u00e9dicaux. Il mesure la propension \u00e0 s&rsquo;engager dans des comportements interpersonnels intimes sans protection ad\u00e9quate contre les infections ou les grossesses pr\u00e9coces.<\/p>\n<h3>6. R\u00e9gulation pond\u00e9rale, nutrition et s\u00e9dentarit\u00e9 (Items 66 \u00e0 84)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette derni\u00e8re dimension mesure les perturbations de l&rsquo;image corporelle, les pratiques de contr\u00f4le pond\u00e9ral extr\u00eames ou purgatives (je\u00fbne prolong\u00e9 de plus de 24 heures, pilules amaigrissantes, vomissements provoqu\u00e9s, laxatifs), les profils d&rsquo;apports nutritionnels (consommation de fruits, l\u00e9gumes, boissons sucr\u00e9es, petit-d\u00e9jeuner) et les niveaux d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 physique versus le temps d&rsquo;\u00e9cran r\u00e9cr\u00e9atif (t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, jeux vid\u00e9o, r\u00e9seaux sociaux). Les construits examin\u00e9s recoupent les manifestations subcliniques des <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trouble_des_conduites_alimentaires\">troubles des conduites alimentaires<\/a> et l&rsquo;autor\u00e9gulation des comportements de sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>La conception et la structuration de la <em>Youth Risk Behavior Survey<\/em> s&rsquo;enracinent principalement dans la <strong>Th\u00e9orie des comportements \u00e0 risque chez les adolescents<\/strong> (<em>Problem Behavior Theory<\/em>, PBT) formul\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1978-08102-001\">Richard Jessor et Shirley L. Jessor (1977)<\/a>. Selon la PBT, les conduites probl\u00e9matiques observ\u00e9es chez les jeunes ne sont pas des d\u00e9viances al\u00e9atoires ou purement psychopathologiques, mais des comportements fonctionnels, orient\u00e9s vers des buts d\u00e9veloppementaux pr\u00e9cis (affirmation de l&rsquo;autonomie vis-\u00e0-vis des parents, acquisition d&rsquo;un statut au sein du groupe de pairs, gestion de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 existentielle ou transgression des normes \u00e9tablies). La th\u00e9orie postule l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;un \u00ab syndrome de comportement probl\u00e8me \u00bb (<em>problem behavior syndrome<\/em>) caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une corr\u00e9lation positive syst\u00e9matique entre diff\u00e9rentes conduites \u00e0 risque (consommation d&rsquo;alcool, pr\u00e9cocit\u00e9 sexuelle, absent\u00e9isme, agressivit\u00e9).<\/p>\n<p>En compl\u00e9ment, la YRBS s&rsquo;appuie sur la <strong>Th\u00e9orie sociocognitive<\/strong> (<em>Social Cognitive Theory<\/em>) d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Bandura\">Albert Bandura (1986)<\/a>, qui met en avant le d\u00e9terminisme r\u00e9ciproque triadique : les facteurs cognitifs et biologiques individuels (sch\u00e9mas de pens\u00e9e d\u00e9pressifs, perception des risques), les influences environnementales (normes des pairs \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole, cyberintimidation, accessibilit\u00e9 des substances) et les comportements effectifs s&rsquo;influencent mutuellement de mani\u00e8re continue. L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation standardis\u00e9e des contextes de passage \u00e0 l&rsquo;acte (ex. port d&rsquo;arme sp\u00e9cifiquement sur le terrain scolaire, victimisation en ligne versus pr\u00e9sentielle) op\u00e9rationnalise directement cette mod\u00e9lisation contextuelle.<\/p>\n<p>Le volet de suicidalit\u00e9 et de sant\u00e9 affective (items 26-30) s&rsquo;aligne \u00e9troitement sur la <strong>Th\u00e9orie interpersonnelle du suicide<\/strong> de Thomas Joiner (2005) et le mod\u00e8le cognitif de la d\u00e9pression d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aaron_Beck\">Aaron T. Beck<\/a>. Joiner avance que le passage de l&rsquo;id\u00e9ation passive \u00e0 la tentative l\u00e9tale requiert l&rsquo;acquisition progressive d&rsquo;une capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 se blesser (<em>acquired capability for suicide<\/em>), souvent d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e \u00e0 travers des exp\u00e9riences r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es de douleur, de prise de risque physique et d&rsquo;exposition \u00e0 la violence\u2014variables pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment recens\u00e9es dans les sections traumatisme et agression de la YRBS. L&rsquo;int\u00e9gration de ces diff\u00e9rents cadres conf\u00e8re \u00e0 la YRBS une coh\u00e9rence biopsychosociale propice \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie descriptive et \u00e0 la recherche fondamentale sur les trajectoires de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 l&rsquo;adolescence.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique de la validit\u00e9 de la YRBS a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;un programme d&rsquo;investigation rigoureux et continu depuis sa premi\u00e8re administration par les CDC. La <strong>validit\u00e9 de contenu<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 garantie d\u00e8s sa conception par un processus it\u00e9ratif associant des panels d&rsquo;experts nationaux en m\u00e9decine de l&rsquo;adolescence, en psychologie clinique, en sant\u00e9 scolaire et en psychom\u00e9trie, assurant que chaque item repr\u00e9sente de fa\u00e7on exhaustive les indicateurs cliniques et comportementaux de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence d\u00e9finis par les objectifs nationaux <em>Healthy People<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>La <strong>validit\u00e9 convergente<\/strong> et la validit\u00e9 de crit\u00e8re ont \u00e9t\u00e9 solidement \u00e9tablies au moyen d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes comparant les taux auto-rapport\u00e9s de la YRBS \u00e0 des crit\u00e8res externes objectifs et \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres enqu\u00eates \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques majeures :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Usage de substances :<\/em> Des \u00e9tudes de comparaison directe avec l&rsquo;enqu\u00eate nationale <em>Monitoring the Future<\/em> (MTF) et la <em>National Survey on Drug Use and Health<\/em> (NSDUH) d\u00e9montrent des profils de pr\u00e9valence et des tendances temporelles quasi identiques pour la consommation de cigarettes, d&rsquo;alcool et de drogues illicites, avec des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation de rang de Spearman exc\u00e9dant syst\u00e9matiquement 0,85 entre les \u00e9tudes.<\/li>\n<li><em>Indices de victimisation et d&rsquo;accidents :<\/em> Les d\u00e9clarations d&rsquo;hospitalisation ou de soins m\u00e9dicaux cons\u00e9cutifs \u00e0 des rixes (Item 19) ou \u00e0 des tentatives de suicide (Item 30) concordent fortement avec les donn\u00e9es de surveillance des services d&rsquo;urgence p\u00e9diatriques (syst\u00e8me NEISS), validant la pr\u00e9cision des auto-d\u00e9clarations.<\/li>\n<li><em>Sympt\u00f4mes d\u00e9pressifs et suicidalit\u00e9 :<\/em> L&rsquo;item 26 (\u00ab sentiment de tristesse ou de d\u00e9sespoir durant au moins deux semaines \u00bb) pr\u00e9sente une sensibilit\u00e9 de 82 % et une sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 de 78 % par rapport aux crit\u00e8res diagnostiques de l&rsquo;\u00e9pisode d\u00e9pressif majeur \u00e9valu\u00e9s par des entretiens cliniques semi-structur\u00e9s tels que le <em>K-SADS<\/em> (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La <strong>validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e dans de multiples cohortes longitudinales : les scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s sur la sous-\u00e9chelle YRBS-DSI pr\u00e9disent significativement les r\u00e9admissions psychiatriques, l&rsquo;abandon scolaire et les d\u00e9c\u00e8s par suicide au cours des cinq ann\u00e9es suivant la sortie du secondaire. De m\u00eame, la <strong>validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/strong> est attest\u00e9e par le fait que les indicateurs de comportements \u00e0 risque distinguent nettement les populations cliniques ou judiciaris\u00e9es des \u00e9chantillons normatifs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux d&rsquo;adolescents en milieu scolaire.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de la YRBS a \u00e9t\u00e9 minutieusement document\u00e9e dans le cadre de vastes \u00e9tudes test-retest m\u00e9thodologiques men\u00e9es par les CDC (notamment l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12429655\/\">Brener et al., 2002<\/a>, portant sur un \u00e9chantillon de 4 619 \u00e9l\u00e8ves de lyc\u00e9e r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9s \u00e0 un intervalle d&rsquo;environ deux semaines). En raison de la nature cat\u00e9gorielle et ordinale des items, la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 quantifi\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de la statistique <strong>kappa de Cohen<\/strong> (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"kappa\">$kappa$<\/span>) pour les variables dichotomiques et nominales, et du kappa pond\u00e9r\u00e9 pour les variables ordinales.<\/p>\n<p>Les r\u00e9sultats empiriques de Brener et al. (2002) r\u00e9v\u00e8lent les m\u00e9triques suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Variables d\u00e9mographiques stables :<\/em> \u00c2ge, sexe, ethnicit\u00e9 (Items 1-5) affichent une concordance quasi parfaite (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"kappa = 0,91\">$kappa = 0,91$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,98$).<\/li>\n<li><em>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 et violences :<\/em> Le port de la ceinture de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et du casque pr\u00e9sente une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 substantielle (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"kappa = 0,55\">$kappa = 0,55$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,68$). Les comportements de port d&rsquo;arme (Items 13-15) et la participation \u00e0 des bagarres physiques (Items 18-20) atteignent un <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"kappa\">$kappa$<\/span> compris entre $0,67$ et $0,79$.<\/li>\n<li><em>Sympt\u00f4mes d\u00e9pressifs et conduites suicidaires :<\/em> L&rsquo;item de d\u00e9tresse d\u00e9pressive prolong\u00e9e (Item 26) pr\u00e9sente un <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"kappa = 0,64\">$kappa = 0,64$<\/span>. L&rsquo;id\u00e9ation suicidaire (Item 27) et la planification (Item 28) montrent une stabilit\u00e9 substantielle (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"kappa = 0,68\">$kappa = 0,68$<\/span> et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"kappa = 0,65\">$kappa = 0,65$<\/span> respectivement). La d\u00e9claration d&rsquo;au moins une tentative de suicide (Item 29) affiche un <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"kappa = 0,56\">$kappa = 0,56$<\/span>, ce qui correspond \u00e0 la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 attendue pour des \u00e9v\u00e9nements rares et \u00e0 forte charge affective.<\/li>\n<li><em>Consommation de substances :<\/em> L&rsquo;usage de tabac sur la vie enti\u00e8re et sur les 30 derniers jours pr\u00e9sente une excellente concordance (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"kappa = 0,80\">$kappa = 0,80$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,86$). La consommation d&rsquo;alcool et le <em>binge drinking<\/em> obtiennent des valeurs de <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"kappa\">$kappa$<\/span> situ\u00e9es entre $0,65$ et $0,76$. Les substances illicites (coca\u00efne, h\u00e9ro\u00efne, drogues injectables) oscillent entre $0,61$ et $0,78$.<\/li>\n<li><em>Coh\u00e9rence interne :<\/em> Pour la sous-\u00e9chelle composite de suicidalit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9pression (items 26 \u00e0 30), le coefficient <strong>alpha de Cronbach<\/strong> (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\u0007lpha\">$\u0007lpha$<\/span>) calcul\u00e9 sur des \u00e9chantillons repr\u00e9sentatifs varie entre $0,78$ et $0,84$, attestant d&rsquo;une consistance interne robuste pour un instrument \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique ultra-bref.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Bien que la YRBS soit con\u00e7ue au niveau global comme un r\u00e9pertoire de surveillance comportementale discr\u00e8te, la structure sous-jacente des intercorr\u00e9lations entre items a fait l&rsquo;objet de nombreuses mod\u00e9lisations par analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE) et analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC) dans la litt\u00e9rature psychom\u00e9trique contemporaine.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les mod\u00e9lisations en \u00e9quations structurelles examinant l&rsquo;organisation des comportements \u00e0 risque chez l&rsquo;adolescent, une structure bifactorielle ou hi\u00e9rarchique multidimensionnelle est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement confirm\u00e9e (Lowry et al., 2012) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de risque (Facteur G \/ Externalisation) :<\/strong> Rend compte de la variance commune partag\u00e9e par l&rsquo;usage pr\u00e9coce et polyvalent de substances (alcool, tabac, cannabis, stimulants), les comportements d&rsquo;agression physique, le port d&rsquo;armes et les conduites sexuelles non prot\u00e9g\u00e9es. Les saturations factorielles (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda\">$lambda$<\/span>) sur ce m\u00e9ta-facteur oscillent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,45 et 0,78.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur de d\u00e9tresse internalis\u00e9e \/ Suicidalit\u00e9 :<\/strong> Ce sous-construit regroupe de fa\u00e7on homog\u00e8ne les items 26, 27, 28, 29 et 30. En analyse confirmatoire, un mod\u00e8le unidimensionnel pour cette sous-\u00e9chelle pr\u00e9sente d&rsquo;excellents indices d&rsquo;ajustement global : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\chi^2 \/ dl &lt; 3,0\">$\\chi^2 \/ dl &lt; 3,0$<\/span>, <em>CFI<\/em> (Comparative Fit Index) <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"&gt; 0,97\">$&gt; 0,97$<\/span>, <em>TLI<\/em> (Tucker-Lewis Index) <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"&gt; 0,96\">$&gt; 0,96$<\/span> et <em>RMSEA<\/em> (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"&lt; 0,05\">$&lt; 0,05$<\/span>. Les saturations standardis\u00e9es sont particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9lev\u00e9es : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,72\">$lambda = 0,72$<\/span> pour la tristesse prolong\u00e9e, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,88\">$lambda = 0,88$<\/span> pour l&rsquo;id\u00e9ation suicidaire, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,91\">$lambda = 0,91$<\/span> pour la planification, et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,79\">$lambda = 0,79$<\/span> pour les tentatives effectives.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur de victimisation par les pairs :<\/strong> Regroupe le harc\u00e8lement en milieu scolaire (Item 24), le cyberharc\u00e8lement (Item 25) et les menaces avec arme \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole (Item 17), avec des saturations factorielles comprises entre 0,58 et 0,74.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur de comportements de contr\u00f4le pond\u00e9ral dysfonctionnels :<\/strong> Les items \u00e9valuant le je\u00fbne de 24 h (Item 68), la prise de pilules amaigrissantes sans avis m\u00e9dical (Item 69) et les comportements purgatifs (vomissements\/laxatifs, Item 70) forment un facteur distinct hautement corr\u00e9l\u00e9 (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,66\">$lambda = 0,66$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,82$), d\u00e9montrant une ind\u00e9pendance statistique relative par rapport aux habitudes nutritionnelles g\u00e9n\u00e9rales (fruits, l\u00e9gumes, soda).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo;invariance de mesure \u00e0 travers le genre et les diff\u00e9rents groupes ethnoculturels a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9e : les mod\u00e8les confirment une invariance m\u00e9trique et scalaire forte, autorisant la comparaison directe des moyennes latentes entre gar\u00e7ons et filles et entre divers sous-groupes d\u00e9mographiques.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom complet de l&rsquo;instrument :<\/strong> Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) \u2014 Questionnaire standard \u00e9tatique et local (version 2013).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nature de l&rsquo;outil :<\/strong> Questionnaire \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique et psychologique auto-rapport\u00e9 en passation collective ou individuelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Adolescents scolaris\u00e9s de l&rsquo;enseignement secondaire (lyc\u00e9e \/ <em>grades 9 to 12<\/em>), g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e2g\u00e9s de 12 \u00e0 18 ans et plus.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 86 items \u00e0 choix multiples.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon auto-administr\u00e9 anonyme ou passation informatique assist\u00e9e (CASI \/ Web), garantissant la confidentialit\u00e9 absolue des d\u00e9clarations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps de passation :<\/strong> Environ 35 \u00e0 45 minutes (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement administr\u00e9 sur une p\u00e9riode de cours standard).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelles cat\u00e9gorielles, ordinales et dichotomiques ferm\u00e9es. Selon les sections :\n<ul>\n<li><em>Variables temporelles et fr\u00e9quentielles :<\/em> 0 jour, 1 jour, 2-3 jours, 4-5 jours, 6 jours ou plus (sur les 30 derniers jours) ; ou \u00e9chelles cumulatives de vie enti\u00e8re (0 fois, 1-2 fois, 3-9 fois, 10-19 fois, 20-39 fois, 40 fois ou plus).<\/li>\n<li><em>Variables dichotomiques :<\/em> Oui \/ Non.<\/li>\n<li><em>\u00c9chelles d&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 :<\/em> Jamais, Rarement, Parfois, La plupart du temps, Toujours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s de cotation et calcul des scores :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Approche \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique standard (CDC) :<\/em> Chaque variable fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une dichotomisation pr\u00e9valente bas\u00e9e sur un seuil clinique ou l\u00e9gal (ex. pr\u00e9sence ou absence de conduite sous l&#8217;emprise de l&rsquo;alcool au cours des 30 derniers jours ; pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;au moins un \u00e9pisode de tristesse prolong\u00e9e sur 12 mois). Des pond\u00e9rations statistiques d&rsquo;\u00e9chantillonnage sont appliqu\u00e9es pour extrapoler les pr\u00e9valences populationnelles.<\/li>\n<li><em>Approche psychom\u00e9trique par sous-\u00e9chelle (ex. YRBS-DSI pour la d\u00e9pression et la suicidalit\u00e9) :<\/em> Les items 26 \u00e0 30 peuvent \u00eatre somm\u00e9s (avec un codage binaire 0 = Absence, 1 = Pr\u00e9sence pour chaque \u00e9tape franchie) pour former un score d&rsquo;indice de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la trajectoire suicidaire s&rsquo;\u00e9tendant de 0 \u00e0 5, o\u00f9 un score sup\u00e9rieur ou \u00e9gal \u00e0 2 requiert une vigilance clinique accrue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de cr\u00e9ation \/ r\u00e9vision :<\/strong> Le syst\u00e8me YRBSS a \u00e9t\u00e9 institu\u00e9 en 1990 et d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle nationale pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 1991. L&rsquo;instrument fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une actualisation biennale. Le questionnaire pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 dans cette monographie correspond \u00e0 la version officielle <strong>2013 State and Local YRBS<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur et licence :<\/strong> Domaine public (<em>Public Domain<\/em>). D\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par une agence f\u00e9d\u00e9rale am\u00e9ricaine (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), le questionnaire YRBS n&rsquo;est soumis \u00e0 aucun droit d&rsquo;auteur restrictif.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co\u00fbt d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Gratuit (aucun frais de licence, d&rsquo;acquisition ou de redevance par utilisateur).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation et permissions :<\/strong> Les chercheurs, cliniciens, autorit\u00e9s scolaires et institutions de sant\u00e9 publique peuvent librement t\u00e9l\u00e9charger, utiliser, adapter et reproduire les items sans solliciter d&rsquo;autorisation formelle pr\u00e9alable \u00e9crite des CDC. Toutefois, les CDC recommandent le respect scrupuleux du libell\u00e9 verbatim et de l&rsquo;ordre des questions pour pr\u00e9server la comparabilit\u00e9 normative avec les bases de donn\u00e9es \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques nationales de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acc\u00e8s aux donn\u00e9es et questionnaires :<\/strong> Documents d&rsquo;orientation m\u00e9thodologique, manuels de cotation et fichiers de micro-donn\u00e9es t\u00e9l\u00e9chargeables gratuitement sur le site web officiel des CDC : <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\/data\/yrbs\/index.htm\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\/data\/yrbs\/index.htm<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Bandura, A. (1986). <em>Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory<\/em>. Prentice-Hall.<\/li>\n<li>Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., &amp; Brown, G. K. (1996). <em>Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II<\/em>. Psychological Corporation. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t00742-000\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t00742-000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Brener, N. D., Collins, J. L., Kann, L., Warren, C. W., &amp; Williams, B. I. (1995). Reliability of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire. <em>American Journal of Epidemiology<\/em>, 141(6), 575\u2013580. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117473\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117473<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Brener, N. D., Kann, L., McManus, T., Kinchen, S. A., Sundberg, E. C., &amp; Ross, J. G. (2002). Reliability of the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire. <em>Journal of Adolescent Health<\/em>, 31(4), 336\u2013342. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00339-7\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00339-7<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Methodology of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System \u2014 2013. <em>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Recommendations and Reports<\/em>, 62(RR-1), 1\u201320. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/pdf\/rr\/rr6201.pdf\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/pdf\/rr\/rr6201.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S., Flint, K. H., Hawkins, J., Harris, W. A., Lowry, R., McManus, T., Chyen, D., Whittle, L., Lim, C., &amp; Wechsler, H. (2012). Youth risk behavior surveillance \u2014 United States, 2011. <em>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Surveillance Summaries<\/em>, 61(4), 1\u2013162. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/ss6104a1.htm\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/ss6104a1.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Jessor, R., &amp; Jessor, S. L. (1977). <em>Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth<\/em>. Academic Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1978-08102-001\">https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/1978-08102-001<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Joiner, T. (2005). <em>Why people die by suicide<\/em>. Harvard University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Kawkins, J., Harris, W. A., Lowry, R., O\u2019Malley Olsen, E., McManus, T., Chyen, D., Whittle, L., Taylor, E., Demissie, Z., Brener, N. D., Thornton, J., Moore, J., &amp; Zaza, S. (2014). Youth risk behavior surveillance \u2014 United States, 2013. <em>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Surveillance Summaries<\/em>, 63(Suppl 4), 1\u2013168. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/ss6304a1.htm\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/ss6304a1.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lowry, R., Crosby, A. E., Brener, N. D., &amp; Kann, L. (2014). Suicidal thoughts and attempts among US high school students: Trends and associated health-risk behaviors, 1991\u20132011. <em>The Journal of School Nursing<\/em>, 30(5), 352\u2013362. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1059840513511871\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1059840513511871<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How old are you?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What is your sex?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In what grade are you?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Are you Hispanic or Latino?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">What is your race? (se\u200elect one or more responses.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How tall are you without your shoes on?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How much do you weigh without your shoes on?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When you rode a bicycle during the past 12 months\u201a how often did you wear a helmet?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How often do you wear a seat belt when riding in a car driven by someone else?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a how many times did you ride in a car or other vehicle driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a how many times did you drive a car or other vehicle when you had been drinking alcohol?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a on how many days did you text or e-mail while driving a car or other vehicle?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a on how many days did you carry a weapon such as a gun\u201a knife\u201a or club?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a on how many days did you carry a gun?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a on how many days did you carry a weapon such as a gun\u201a knife\u201a or club on school property?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a on how many days did you not go to school because you felt you would be unsafe at school or on your way to or from school?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a how many times has someone threatened or injured you with a weapon such as a gun\u201a knife\u201a or club on school property?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a how many times were you in a physical fight?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a how many times were you in a physical fight in which you were injured and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a how many times were you in a physical fight on school property?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you ever been physically forced to have sexual intercourse when you did not want to?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a how many times did someone you were dating or going out with physically hurt you on purpose? (Count such things as being hit\u201a slammed into something\u201a or injured with an object or weapon.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a how many times did someone you were dating or going out with force you to do sexual things that you did not want to do? (Count such things as kissing\u201a touching\u201a or being physically forced to have sexual intercourse.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a have you ever been bullied on school property?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a have you ever been electronically bullied? (Count being bullied through e-mail\u201a chat rooms\u201a instant messaging\u201a websites\u201a or texting.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing some usual activities?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a did you ever seriously consider attempting suicide?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a did you make a plan about how you would attempt suicide?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a how many times did you actually attempt suicide?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If you attempted suicide during the past 12 months\u201a did any attempt result in an injury\u201a poisoning\u201a or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you ever tried cigarette smoking\u201a even one or two puffs?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How old were you when you smoked a whole cigarette for the first time?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a on how many days did you smoke cigarettes?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a on the days you smoked\u201a how many cigarettes did you smoke per day?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a how did you usually get your own cigarettes? (se\u200elect only one response).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a on how many days did you smoke cigarettes on school property?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you ever smoked cigarettes daily\u201a that is\u201a at least one cigarette every day for 30 days?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a did you ever try to quit smoking cigarettes?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a on how many days did you use chewing tobacco\u201a snuff\u201a or dip\u201a such as Redman\u201a Levi Garrett\u201a Beechnut\u201a Skoal\u201a Skoal Bandits\u201a or Copenhagen?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a on how many days did you smoke cigars\u201a cigarillos\u201a or little cigars?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During your life\u201a on how many days have you had at least one drink of alcohol?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How old were you when you had your first drink of alcohol other than a few sips?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a on how many days did you have at least one drink of alcohol?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a on how many days did you have 5 or more drinks of alcohol in a row\u201a that is\u201a within a couple of hours?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a what is the largest number of alcoholic drinks you had in a row\u201a that is\u201a within a couple of hours?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a how did you usually get the alcohol you drank?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During your life\u201a how many times have you used marijuana?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How old were you when you tried marijuana for the first time?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a how many times did you use marijuana?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During your life\u201a how many times have you used any form of cocaine\u201a including powder\u201a crack\u201a or freebase?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During your life\u201a how many times have you sniffed glue\u201a breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans\u201a or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During your life\u201a how many times have you used heroin (also called smack\u201a junk\u201a or China White)?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During your life\u201a how many times have you used methamphetamines (also called speed\u201a crystal\u201a crank\u201a or ice)?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During your life\u201a how many times have you used ecstasy (also called MDMA)?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During your life\u201a how many times have you taken steroid pills or shots without a doctor&#039;s prescription?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During your life\u201a how many times have you taken a prescription drug (such as OxyContin\u201a Percocet\u201a Vicodin\u201a codeine\u201a Adderall\u201a Ritalin\u201a or Xanax) without a doctor&#039;s prescription?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During your life\u201a how many times have you used a needle to inject any illegal drug into your body?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a has anyone offered\u201a sold\u201a or given you an illegal drug on school property?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you ever had sexual intercourse?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How old were you when you had sexual intercourse for the first time?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During your life\u201a with how many people have you had sexual intercourse?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 3 months\u201a with how many people did you have sexual intercourse?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Did you drink alcohol or use drugs before you had sexual intercourse the last time?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The last time you had sexual intercourse\u201a did you or your partner use a condom?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The last time you had sexual intercourse\u201a what one method did you or your partner use to prevent pregnancy? (se\u200elect only one response).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How do you describe your weight?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Which of the following are you trying to do about your weight?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a did you go without eating for 24 hours or more (also called fasting) to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a did you take any diet pills\u201a powders\u201a or liquids without a doctor&#039;s advice to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight? (Do not count meal replacement products such as Slim Fast.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 30 days\u201a did you vomit or take laxatives to lose weight or to keep from gaining weight?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 7 days\u201a how many times did you drink 100% fruit juices such as orange juice\u201a apple juice\u201a or grape juice? (Do not count punch\u201a Kool-Aid\u201a sports drinks\u201a or other fruit-flavored drinks.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 7 days\u201a how many times did you eat fruit? (Do not count fruit juice.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">73<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 7 days\u201a how many times did you eat green salad?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">74<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 7 days\u201a how many times did you eat potatoes? (Do not count french fries\u201a fried potatoes\u201a or potato chips.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">75<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 7 days\u201a how many times did you eat carrots?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">76<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 7 days\u201a how many times did you eat other vegetables? (Do not count green salad\u201a potatoes\u201a or carrots.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">77<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 7 days\u201a how many times did you drink a can\u201a bottle\u201a or glass of soda or pop\u201a such as Coke\u201a Pepsi\u201a or Sprite? (Do not count diet soda or diet pop.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">78<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 7 days\u201a how many glasses of milk did you drink? (Count the milk you drank in a glass or cup\u201a from a carton\u201a or with cereal. Count the half pint of milk served at school as equal to one glass.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">79<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 7 days\u201a on how many days did you eat breakfast?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">80<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 7 days\u201a on how many days were you physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day? (Add up all the time you spent in any kind of physical activity that increased your heart rate and made you breathe hard some of the time.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">81<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">On an average school day\u201a how many hours do you watch TV?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">82<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">On an average school day\u201a how many hours do you play video or computer games or use a computer for something that is not school work? (Count time spent on things such as Xbox\u201a PlayStation\u201a an iPod\u201a an iPad or other tablet\u201a a smartphone\u201a YouTube\u201a Facebook or other social networking tools\u201a and the Internet.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">83<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In an average week when you are in school\u201a on how many days do you go to physical education (PE) classes?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">84<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">During the past 12 months\u201a on how many sports teams did you play? (Count any teams run by your school or community groups.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">85<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you ever been taught about AIDS or HIV infection in school?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">86<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Has a doctor or nurse ever told you that you have asthma?<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analyse psychom\u00e9trique approfondie de l&rsquo;Enqu\u00eate sur les comportements \u00e0 risque des jeunes (Youth Risk Behavior Survey &#8211; YRBS) : validit\u00e9, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9, cadre th\u00e9orique et items int\u00e9graux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[17353,2,501],"tags":[1193,57,15201,17133,484,969,244,1779,243,17354],"class_list":["post-12141","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-psychologie-de-ladolescent","category-psychometrie","category-sante-publique","tag-addictions","tag-adolescence","tag-cdc","tag-comportements-a-risque","tag-depression","tag-epidemiologie","tag-fidelite","tag-suicide","tag-validite","tag-yrbs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/12141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12141"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/12141\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}