{"id":11714,"date":"2026-10-01T02:27:22","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T02:27:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/inventaire-multidimensionnel-bien-etre-religieux-spirituel-mi-rswb\/"},"modified":"2026-10-01T02:27:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T02:27:22","slug":"inventaire-multidimensionnel-bien-etre-religieux-spirituel-mi-rswb","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=inventaire-multidimensionnel-bien-etre-religieux-spirituel-mi-rswb","title":{"rendered":"Inventaire multidimensionnel du bien-\u00eatre religieux\/spirituel (MI-RSWB)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Inventaire multidimensionnel du bien-\u00eatre religieux\/spirituel<\/strong> (<em>Multidimensional Inventory for Religious\/Spiritual Well-Being<\/em>, MI-RSWB), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 initialement par Human-Friedrich Unterrainer et ses collaborateurs (2005, 2010, 2012), est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique con\u00e7u pour \u00e9valuer de mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9renci\u00e9e et int\u00e9grative les facettes immanentes et transcendantes du bien-\u00eatre spirituel et religieux. Comprenant 48 items r\u00e9partis \u00e9quitablement sur six sous-\u00e9chelles de 8 items chacune, l&rsquo;inventaire mesure la <em>Religiosit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/em> (General Religiosity &#8211; GR), le <em>Pardon<\/em> (Forgiveness &#8211; FO), l&rsquo;<em>Espoir immanent<\/em> (Hope Immanent &#8211; HI), la <em>Connexion<\/em> (Connectedness &#8211; CO), l&rsquo;<em>Espoir transcendant<\/em> (Hope Transcendent &#8211; HT) et les <em>Exp\u00e9riences de sens et de signification<\/em> (Experiences of Sense and Meaning &#8211; SM). Les participants r\u00e9pondent au moyen d&rsquo;une \u00e9chelle de liaison de type Likert en six points, allant de 1 (\u00ab totalement en d\u00e9saccord \u00bb) \u00e0 6 (\u00ab totalement en accord \u00bb).<\/p>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques de l&rsquo;instrument d\u00e9montrent une excellente coh\u00e9rence interne globale, avec un coefficient alpha de Cronbach total de 0,91. Au niveau sous-scalaire, les coefficients de consistance interne s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnent entre 0,75 (Espoir transcendant) et 0,96 (Religiosit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale). La structure factorielle de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 valid\u00e9e par des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires rigoureuses, mettant en \u00e9vidence une architecture hi\u00e9rarchique \u00e0 six facteurs primaires et deux dimensions de second ordre : le bien-\u00eatre religieux (RWB) et le bien-\u00eatre spirituel (SWB). L&rsquo;inventaire pr\u00e9sente une validit\u00e9 convergente et discriminante robuste en corr\u00e9lation avec les traits de personnalit\u00e9 du mod\u00e8le des Big Five, les dimensions du bien-\u00eatre psychologique (PGWBI), ainsi que des mesures cliniques de psychopathologie, d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 la mort et de troubles de l&rsquo;usage de substances. Le MI-RSWB s&rsquo;impose aujourd&rsquo;hui comme une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence incontournable en psychologie de la religion, en psychiatrie clinique et en psychom\u00e9trie interculturelle.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Bien-\u00eatre spirituel, bien-\u00eatre religieux, MI-RSWB, psychom\u00e9trie, religiosit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, pardon, espoir immanent, espoir transcendant, sens de la vie, \u00e9valuation psychologique, sant\u00e9 mentale, psychologie de la religion.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;inventaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et valid\u00e9 par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs internationaux de premier plan dans le domaine des neurosciences cognitives, de la psychologie diff\u00e9rentielle et de la psychologie de la religion :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Human-Friedrich Unterrainer<\/strong>, Ph.D., Univ.-Prof. : Chercheur principal, rattach\u00e9 au D\u00e9partement de psychiatrie et de psychoth\u00e9rapie de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 m\u00e9dicale de Graz (Autriche), au Centre de recherche sur la sant\u00e9 religieuse et spirituelle de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Vienne, et membre de l&rsquo;Association internationale de psychologie de la religion. Courriel institutionnel : <a href=\"mailto:human.unterrainer@medunigraz.at\">human.unterrainer@medunigraz.at<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Andreas Fink<\/strong>, Ph.D., Univ.-Prof. : Professeur ordinaire de psychologie diff\u00e9rentielle et cognitive au D\u00e9partement de psychologie de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Graz (Autriche).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Joanna Collicutt<\/strong>, Ph.D. : Sp\u00e9cialiste en psychologie et th\u00e9ologie \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 d&rsquo;Oxford (Royaume-Uni), chercheuse en psychopathologie et spiritualit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oliver Nelson<\/strong>, M.Sc. : Collaborateur de recherche au Heythrop College, Universit\u00e9 de Londres (Royaume-Uni).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Karl-Heinz Ladenhauf<\/strong>, <strong>S. J. Wallner-Liebmann<\/strong> et <strong>M. L. Moazedi<\/strong> : Collaborateurs interdisciplinaires au projet pilote initial \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Graz (2005, 2010).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement du MI-RSWB r\u00e9pond \u00e0 une double lacune m\u00e9thodologique et th\u00e9orique persistante dans le champ de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_de_la_religion\">psychologie de la religion<\/a> et de la sant\u00e9 mentale. Jusqu&rsquo;au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000, la plupart des outils de mesure disponibles dans la litt\u00e9rature internationale \u2013 tels que le <em>Spiritual Well-Being Scale<\/em> (SWBS) de Paloutzian et Ellison (1982) \u2013 pr\u00e9sentaient une structure strictement dichotomique opposant de mani\u00e8re simpliste une religiosit\u00e9 th\u00e9iste \u00e0 une spiritualit\u00e9 existentielle non religieuse. Cette binarit\u00e9 limitait consid\u00e9rablement la capacit\u00e9 des cliniciens et des chercheurs \u00e0 mod\u00e9liser la complexit\u00e9 ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience int\u00e9rieure des individus confront\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;adversit\u00e9, aux crises existentielles ou aux pathologies psychiatriques.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du MI-RSWB est d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnaliser le bien-\u00eatre religieux\/spirituel comme un construit multidimensionnel englobant \u00e0 la fois des axes th\u00e9istes (verticaux\/transcendants) et des axes s\u00e9culiers (horizontaux\/immanents). Dans le contexte de la psychiatrie et de la psychologie clinique, l&rsquo;instrument vise \u00e0 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuer les ressources de r\u00e9tablissement (coping spirituel) :<\/strong> Mesurer pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment dans quelle mesure les convictions m\u00e9taphysiques ou la qu\u00eate de transcendance d&rsquo;un patient agissent comme facteurs protecteurs ou comme sources d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 ou de culpabilit\u00e9 n\u00e9vrotique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Diff\u00e9rencier les populations cliniques et saines :<\/strong> L&rsquo;inventaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour d\u00e9tecter des profils sp\u00e9cifiques dans les troubles li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;usage de substances psychoactives (addictions), les troubles de l&rsquo;humeur, la schizophr\u00e9nie et les soins palliatifs, o\u00f9 l&rsquo;espoir immanent et le sens de l&rsquo;existence sont souvent alt\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Permettre des \u00e9tudes comparatives et transculturelles :<\/strong> En d\u00e9composant le construit en dimensions transversales (pardon, espoir futur, exp\u00e9riences unifiantes), l&rsquo;outil peut \u00eatre administr\u00e9 aussi bien aupr\u00e8s de populations occidentales s\u00e9cularis\u00e9es que dans des cultures th\u00e9ocratiques ou fortement religieuses (adaptations britannique, iranienne, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>En somme, le MI-RSWB offre un profil psychom\u00e9trique nuanc\u00e9 permettant d&rsquo;\u00e9viter l&rsquo;amalgame clinique fr\u00e9quent entre d\u00e9tresse spirituelle et symptomatologie psychopathologique, tout en documentant empiriquement la contribution unique de chaque sous-composante au bien-\u00eatre subjectif global.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le mod\u00e8le sous-jacent au MI-RSWB postule que le bien-\u00eatre religieux et spirituel repose sur une matrice multidimensionnelle int\u00e9grant deux perspectives majeures : l&rsquo;axe vertical (relation \u00e0 une transcendance ou divinit\u00e9) et l&rsquo;axe horizontal (relation \u00e0 soi-m\u00eame, aux autres et au monde immanent). Les six dimensions sp\u00e9cifiques sont d\u00e9finies comme suit :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Religiosit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (General Religiosity &#8211; GR)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion explicite \u00e0 des croyances traditionnelles th\u00e9istes, le sentiment de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u00e9coulant de la foi en Dieu et la participation active \u00e0 des rituels communautaires ou \u00e0 des pri\u00e8res personnelles. Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 refl\u00e8te une int\u00e9gration harmonieuse de la croyance religieuse dans la vie quotidienne (par exemple, <em>\u00ab My faith gives me a feeling of security \u00bb<\/em>). L&rsquo;absence de ces croyances n&rsquo;est pas cot\u00e9e comme pathologique, mais situe le sujet sur le p\u00f4le s\u00e9culier du continuum.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Pardon (Forgiveness &#8211; FO)<\/h3>\n<p>Le pardon examine la propension dispositionnelle \u00e0 surmonter le ressentiment, la ranc\u0153ur et le d\u00e9sir de vengeance suite \u00e0 une offense interpersonnelle. Compos\u00e9e quasi exclusivement d&rsquo;items invers\u00e9s (ex. <em>\u00ab There are people whom I hate \u00bb<\/em> ou <em>\u00ab If somebody hurts me, I usually try to get revenge \u00bb<\/em>), cette \u00e9chelle mesure l&rsquo;absence de fixation punitive et la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper une bienveillance prosociale, \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 du bien-\u00eatre \u00e9motionnel.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Espoir immanent (Hope Immanent &#8211; HI)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;espoir immanent capture l&rsquo;optimisme s\u00e9culier, la perspective d&rsquo;un avenir personnel constructif et la r\u00e9silience psychologique face aux d\u00e9fis du cycle de vie pr\u00e9sent. Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une composante orient\u00e9e vers le futur imm\u00e9diat et terrestre (ex. <em>\u00ab I view the future with optimism \u00bb<\/em>, <em>\u00ab I think my life is moving in the right direction \u00bb<\/em>). Un score effondr\u00e9 sur cette dimension est un marqueur pr\u00e9dictif majeur de d\u00e9sespoir et de risque d\u00e9pressif.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Connexion (Connectedness &#8211; CO)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette \u00e9chelle explore le sentiment mystique ou transpersonnel d&rsquo;interconnexion globale avec l&rsquo;univers, la nature ou une totalit\u00e9 cosmique (ex. <em>\u00ab I have experienced the feeling of being absorbed into something greater \u00bb<\/em>). Elle refl\u00e8te une spiritualit\u00e9 \u00e9largie non n\u00e9cessairement dogmatique, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par des exp\u00e9riences de dissolution des fronti\u00e8res de l&rsquo;ego et la croyance en une survie de l&rsquo;\u00e2me ou r\u00e9incarnation.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Espoir transcendant (Hope Transcendent &#8211; HT)<\/h3>\n<p>Contrairement \u00e0 l&rsquo;espoir immanent, l&rsquo;espoir transcendant mesure l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;angoisse vis-\u00e0-vis de la finitude corporelle et de la mort. Presque tous ses items sont cot\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re inverse (ex. <em>\u00ab All hope ends with death \u00bb<\/em>, <em>\u00ab I am terrified of being forgotten after my death \u00bb<\/em>, <em>\u00ab I am scared about what will happen to me after my death \u00bb<\/em>). Un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 indique la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 existentielle face \u00e0 la mort et l&rsquo;esp\u00e9rance en une continuation sous une forme transrationnelle.<\/p>\n<h3>6. Exp\u00e9riences de sens et de signification (Experiences of Sense and Meaning &#8211; SM)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle \u00e9value la pl\u00e9nitude v\u00e9cue \u00e0 travers des affects authentiques, des amiti\u00e9s profondes et des moments d&rsquo;illumination existentielle o\u00f9 le sens de l&rsquo;existence se r\u00e9v\u00e8le \u00e0 l&rsquo;individu (ex. <em>\u00ab I have had one or more experiences in which the meaning of life became clear to me \u00bb<\/em>, <em>\u00ab I have experienced true friendship \u00bb<\/em>). Elle incarne la dimension logoth\u00e9rapeutique de l&rsquo;\u00e9panouissement personnel.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture conceptuelle du MI-RSWB s&rsquo;ancre au confluent de plusieurs grands courants th\u00e9oriques de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_humaniste\">psychologie humaniste<\/a>, de la psychopathologie clinique et de la psychologie existentielle :<\/p>\n<h3>La Logoth\u00e9rapie et l&rsquo;Analyse Existentielle de Viktor Frankl<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;approche de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viktor_Frankl\">Viktor E. Frankl<\/a> (1959, 1969) postule que la principale force motrice de l&rsquo;\u00eatre humain r\u00e9side dans la \u00ab volont\u00e9 de sens \u00bb (<em>will to meaning<\/em>). Selon Frankl, le vide existentiel et la \u00ab n\u00e9vrose noog\u00e8ne \u00bb surviennent lorsque l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s aux valeurs d&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience, de cr\u00e9ation et d&rsquo;attitude est entrav\u00e9. Le MI-RSWB operacionalise cette perspective \u00e0 travers la sous-\u00e9chelle <em>Exp\u00e9riences de sens et de signification<\/em> (SM), postulant que l&rsquo;appr\u00e9hension du sens prot\u00e8ge l&rsquo;appareil psychique contre la d\u00e9compensation anxio-d\u00e9pressive.<\/p>\n<h3>Le mod\u00e8le du Coping Religieux de Kenneth Pargament<\/h3>\n<p>Les travaux de Kenneth Pargament (1997) sur le coping religieux positif versus n\u00e9gatif d\u00e9montrent que la spiritualit\u00e9 ne saurait \u00eatre appr\u00e9hend\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re monolithique. Un coping positif (soutien divin bienveillant, pardon, communion) favorise l&rsquo;adaptation face au traumatisme, tandis qu&rsquo;un coping n\u00e9gatif (sentiment d&rsquo;abandon par Dieu, culpabilit\u00e9 m\u00e9taphysique, ranc\u0153ur vindicative) aggrave la d\u00e9tresse. Le MI-RSWB int\u00e8gre cette polarit\u00e9 en isolant des variables telles que le Pardon (FO) et l&rsquo;Espoir transcendant (HT), permettant d&rsquo;identifier d&rsquo;\u00e9ventuels conflits spirituels n\u00e9fastes.<\/p>\n<h3>La distinction bidimensionnelle d&rsquo;Ellison et Paloutzian<\/h3>\n<p>En s&rsquo;appuyant sur les travaux fondateurs de Paloutzian et Ellison (1982), Unterrainer a conserv\u00e9 la dichotomie entre les composantes th\u00e9istes (l&rsquo;homme face au divin) et existentielles (l&rsquo;homme face \u00e0 son monde ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique), tout en l&rsquo;enrichissant de la notion de transcendance immanente issue de la psychologie transpersonnelle (Maslow, Grof). Le mod\u00e8le du MI-RSWB structure ces interactions le long de deux continuums orthogonaux : horizontal (bien-\u00eatre psychologique dans le monde s\u00e9culier) et vertical (orientation vers le sacr\u00e9 ou le m\u00e9taphysique).<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques du MI-RSWB ont fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;investigations approfondies \u00e0 travers plusieurs \u00e9tudes d&rsquo;envergure men\u00e9es sur des \u00e9chantillons normatifs et cliniques :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et structurelle<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes initiales de validation men\u00e9es par Unterrainer et al. (2010, 2012) ont confirm\u00e9 l&rsquo;existence des six facteurs de premier ordre. Une mod\u00e9lisation en \u00e9quations structurelles a valid\u00e9 un mod\u00e8le de second ordre regroupant les six sous-\u00e9chelles sous deux facteurs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux : le <em>Bien-\u00eatre religieux<\/em> (RWB : GR + HT) et le <em>Bien-\u00eatre spirituel<\/em> (SWB : FO + HI + CO + SM), attestant d&rsquo;une excellente validit\u00e9 de construit th\u00e9orique.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente et concourante<\/h3>\n<p>Le MI-RSWB pr\u00e9sente des corr\u00e9lations empiriques th\u00e9oriquement congruentes avec des batteries de tests standardis\u00e9es :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Personnalit\u00e9 (NEO-FFI) :<\/strong> Unterrainer et al. (2010) ont document\u00e9 des corr\u00e9lations positives significatives entre la Religiosit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (GR) et l&rsquo;Agr\u00e9abilit\u00e9 (r = 0,28, p &lt; 0,01), ainsi qu&rsquo;entre la Connexion (CO) et l&rsquo;Ouverture \u00e0 l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience (r = 0,34, p &lt; 0,001). Inversement, le N\u00e9vrosisme corr\u00e8le n\u00e9gativement de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s nette avec l&rsquo;Espoir immanent (r = -0,48, p &lt; 0,001) et l&rsquo;Espoir transcendant (r = -0,38, p &lt; 0,001).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bien-\u00eatre psychologique (PGWBI et SWLS) :<\/strong> Le score total du MI-RSWB corr\u00e8le fortement et positivement avec le <em>Psychological General Well-Being Index<\/em> (r = 0,52, p &lt; 0,001) et l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de satisfaction de vie d&rsquo;Ed Diener (SWLS ; r = 0,46, p &lt; 0,001).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qualit\u00e9 de vie (WHOQOL-SRPB) :<\/strong> Des associations \u00e9troites sont constat\u00e9es avec les dimensions spirituelles de l&rsquo;Organisation Mondiale de la Sant\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante et diff\u00e9rentielle en psychiatrie<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument d\u00e9montre une excellente capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 discriminer des groupes cliniques sp\u00e9cifiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Addictologie :<\/strong> Dans une \u00e9tude aupr\u00e8s de patients souffrant de troubles de l&rsquo;usage de substances (Unterrainer et al., 2013), les scores d&rsquo;Espoir immanent (HI) et de Sens de l&rsquo;existence (SM) \u00e9taient significativement plus faibles que chez les sujets t\u00e9moins sains, tandis que les scores de GR variaient selon le type de substance consomm\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de la mort :<\/strong> Dadfar et al. (2016) ont montr\u00e9 chez des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es que l&rsquo;Espoir transcendant (HT) et le Pardon (FO) \u00e9taient de puissants pr\u00e9dicteurs n\u00e9gatifs de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de la mort (<em>Death Anxiety Scale<\/em> de Templer).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 m\u00e9trologique du MI-RSWB a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie au moyen de multiples indicateurs de consistance interne et de stabilit\u00e9 temporelle dans divers contextes linguistiques et culturels.<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne (Alpha de Cronbach et Omega de McDonald)<\/h3>\n<p>Les indices de coh\u00e9rence interne calcul\u00e9s dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence originel (Unterrainer et al., 2010, 2012) sont les suivants pour les 48 items :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Score total MI-RSWB :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,91 (excellente coh\u00e9rence globale)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Religiosit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (GR) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,96 (homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 exceptionnelle)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pardon (FO) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,84 (bonne coh\u00e9rence)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Espoir immanent (HI) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,82 (bonne coh\u00e9rence)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Connexion (CO) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,82 (bonne coh\u00e9rence)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Espoir transcendant (HT) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,75 (consistance acceptable \u00e0 satisfaisante)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Exp\u00e9riences de sens et de signification (SM) :<\/strong> \u03b1 = 0,77 (consistance satisfaisante)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Des analyses comparatives sur la version anglaise (MI-RSWB-E ; Unterrainer et al., 2012) administr\u00e9e \u00e0 des \u00e9tudiants britanniques ont rapport\u00e9 un coefficient alpha global de 0,89, avec des sous-\u00e9chelles fluctuant entre 0,72 et 0,94. La version persane (Alilu et al., 2011) a \u00e9galement mis en \u00e9vidence un alpha total de 0,90, confirmant la robustesse interculturelle des coefficients.<\/p>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9valuations de la stabilit\u00e9 test-retest \u00e0 un intervalle de quatre semaines aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un sous-\u00e9chantillon normatif ont montr\u00e9 des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intra-classe (ICC) compris entre r = 0,78 et r = 0,89 pour l&rsquo;ensemble des sous-\u00e9chelles, et r = 0,86 pour le score total, indiquant une stabilit\u00e9 temporelle satisfaisante propre \u00e0 des traits dispositionnels stables.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>La structure dimensionnelle du MI-RSWB a \u00e9t\u00e9 valid\u00e9e par une s\u00e9rie rigoureuse d&rsquo;analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) puis confirmatoires (AFC).<\/p>\n<h3>Analyses Factorielles Exploratoires (AFE)<\/h3>\n<p>Lors de la phase initiale d&rsquo;\u00e9talonnage en langue allemande (Unterrainer, 2005, 2010) aupr\u00e8s de plus de 500 participants, une analyse en composantes principales avec rotation oblique (Promax ou Oblimin direct) a \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e. L&rsquo;analyse des valeurs propres (crit\u00e8re de Kaiser) associ\u00e9e au test du coude de Cattell (<em>scree plot<\/em>) a clairement fait \u00e9merger une solution \u00e0 6 facteurs expliquant plus de 58 % de la variance totale des scores. Tous les items ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 des saturations factorielles primaires sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 0,45 sur leur dimension th\u00e9orique d&rsquo;appartenance, avec des saturations secondaires crois\u00e9es r\u00e9siduelles g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 0,25.<\/p>\n<h3>Analyses Factorielles Confirmatoires (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de validation anglophone (Unterrainer et al., 2012), une AFC a \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9e pour confronter plusieurs mod\u00e8les concurrents : un mod\u00e8le unidimensionnel \u00e0 facteur unique, un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 deux facteurs (RWB vs SWB), et le mod\u00e8le th\u00e9orique hi\u00e9rarchique \u00e0 six facteurs de premier ordre. Les indices d&rsquo;ajustement statistiques ont confirm\u00e9 la nette sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 du mod\u00e8le \u00e0 six facteurs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ratio Chi-deux sur degr\u00e9s de libert\u00e9 (\u03c7\u00b2\/ddl) :<\/strong> inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 2,1, t\u00e9moignant d&rsquo;une excellente parcimonie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) :<\/strong> 0,052 (IC \u00e0 90 % [0,047 ; 0,057]), attestant d&rsquo;une faible erreur d&rsquo;approximation dans la population.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CFI (Comparative Fit Index) :<\/strong> 0,93, signalant une tr\u00e8s bonne ad\u00e9quation aux donn\u00e9es empiriques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TLI (Tucker-Lewis Index) :<\/strong> 0,92.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) :<\/strong> 0,058.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces donn\u00e9es confirment sans \u00e9quivoque que la structure hexadimensionnelle repr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;organisation psychom\u00e9trique la plus fid\u00e8le de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience spirituelle et religieuse mesur\u00e9e par cet outil.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>Le MI-RSWB est un questionnaire standardis\u00e9 d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation con\u00e7u pour une passation rapide et simple en milieu clinique ou de recherche :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon ou passation informatis\u00e9e en ligne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e de passation :<\/strong> Environ 10 \u00e0 15 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 48 items, formul\u00e9s sous la forme d&rsquo;affirmations \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle ordinale de Likert en 6 points :\n<ul>\n<li>1 = Totalement en d\u00e9saccord (<em>Totally disagree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>2 = Fortement en d\u00e9saccord (<em>Disagree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>3 = Plut\u00f4t en d\u00e9saccord (<em>Somewhat disagree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>4 = Plut\u00f4t en accord (<em>Somewhat agree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>5 = Fortement en accord (<em>Agree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>6 = Totalement en accord (<em>Totally agree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Composition des sous-\u00e9chelles (8 items par dimension) :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Religiosit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (GR) :<\/em> Items 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43.<\/li>\n<li><em>Pardon (FO) :<\/em> Items 2*, 8*, 14*, 20*, 26*, 32*, 38*, 44.<\/li>\n<li><em>Espoir immanent (HI) :<\/em> Items 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39*, 45.<\/li>\n<li><em>Connexion (CO) :<\/em> Items 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46.<\/li>\n<li><em>Espoir transcendant (HT) :<\/em> Items 5*, 11*, 17*, 23*, 29*, 35*, 41*, 47*.<\/li>\n<li><em>Exp\u00e9riences de sens et de signification (SM) :<\/em> Items 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et inversion :<\/strong> Les 16 items marqu\u00e9s d&rsquo;un ast\u00e9risque (*) sont invers\u00e9s (le score 1 devient 6, 2 devient 5, 3 devient 4, 4 devient 3, 5 devient 2, 6 devient 1). Le score de chaque sous-\u00e9chelle s&rsquo;obtient en faisant la somme ou la moyenne des 8 items correspondants (score brut variant de 8 \u00e0 48). Un score total global est calcul\u00e9 par la sommation de l&rsquo;ensemble des 48 items (allant de 48 \u00e0 288).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<p>Le MI-RSWB a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de 2005 (projet de recherche \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 m\u00e9dicale de Graz) et sa validation canonique en langue anglaise a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e en 2012 dans la revue scientifique \u00e0 comit\u00e9 de lecture <em>Religions<\/em> (MDPI).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits et gratuit\u00e9 :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument est diffus\u00e9 en acc\u00e8s ouvert (Open Access) sous licence <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 3.0)<\/a>. Son utilisation est enti\u00e8rement gratuite pour les activit\u00e9s de recherche acad\u00e9mique, scientifique et les contextes cliniques non commerciaux.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Utilisation commerciale :<\/strong> Toute incorporation dans des plateformes commerciales payantes ou des programmes d&rsquo;entreprise n\u00e9cessite l&rsquo;autorisation expresse pr\u00e9alable de l&rsquo;auteur principal (Prof. Human-Friedrich Unterrainer).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Contact et documentation :<\/strong> Le protocole complet et l&rsquo;article princeps sont t\u00e9l\u00e9chargeables librement via le portail de la revue <em>Religions<\/em> ou par sollicitation directe aupr\u00e8s de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 m\u00e9dicale de Graz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les publications fondatrices et validations m\u00e9trologiques du MI-RSWB comprennent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alilu, M. M., Zarean, M., Beyrami, M., Hashemi, T., Elhami Asl, M., &amp; Aayat Mehr, F. (2011). Psychometric properties of farsi version of Multidimensional Inventory for Religious-Spiritual Well-Being (MI RSWB 48). <em>Contemporary Psychology<\/em>, 6(1), 23\u201336.<\/li>\n<li>Bahrami, F., Dadfar, M., Unterrainer, H. F., &amp; Zarean, M. (2014). Religious Spiritual Well-Being in College Students: A Cross-Cultural Study. <em>Shefaye Khatam<\/em>, 2(1), 139\u2013139.<\/li>\n<li>Dadfar, M., Bahrami, F., Sheybani Noghabi, F., &amp; Askari, M. (2016). Relationship between religious spiritual well-being and death anxiety in Iranian elders. <em>International Journal of Medical Research &amp; Health Sciences<\/em>, 5(6), 283\u2013287.<\/li>\n<li>Frankl, V. E. (1959). <em>Man\u2019s Search for Meaning<\/em>. Beacon Press.<\/li>\n<li>Paloutzian, R. F., &amp; Ellison, C. W. (1982). Loneliness, spiritual well-being and the quality of life. In L. A. Peplau &amp; D. Perlman (Eds.), <em>Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy<\/em> (pp. 224\u2013237). John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/li>\n<li>Pargament, K. I. (1997). <em>The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory, Research, Practice<\/em>. Guilford Press.<\/li>\n<li>Unterrainer, H. F. (2005). <em>Spiritualit\u00e4t &amp; psychische Erkrankung<\/em>. Unver\u00f6ffentlichter Projektantrag, Medizinische Universit\u00e4t Graz, Universit\u00e4tsklinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie.<\/li>\n<li>Unterrainer, H. F. (2007). The concept of religious\u2013spiritual well-being: The construction of a questionnaire and first results. Presented at <em>The 2nd National Congress on Religious and Mental Health<\/em>, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran University of Medical Science.<\/li>\n<li>Unterrainer, H. F., Ladenhauf, K. H., Moazedi, M. L., Wallner-Liebmann, S. J., &amp; Fink, A. (2010). Dimensions of religious\/spiritual well-being and their relation to personality and psychological well-being. <em>Personality and Individual Differences<\/em>, 49(3), 192\u2013197. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2010.03.032\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2010.03.032<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Unterrainer, H. F., Nelson, O., Collicutt, J., &amp; Fink, A. (2012). The English version of the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious\/Spiritual Well-Being (MI-RSWB-E): First results from British college students. <em>Religions<\/em>, 3(3), 588\u2013599. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rel3030588\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rel3030588<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Unterrainer, H. F., Lewis, A. J., Collicutt, J., &amp; Fink, A. (2013). Religious\/spiritual well-being, coping styles, and personality dimensions in people with substance use disorders. <em>International Journal for the Psychology of Religion<\/em>, 23(3), 204\u2013213. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10508619.2012.714999\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10508619.2012.714999<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith gives me a feeling of security.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are things which I cannot forgive.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I view the future with optimism.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have experienced the feeling of being absorbed into something greater.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often think about the fact that I will have to leave behind my loved ones.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have experienced true (authentic) feelings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is possible for me to find contentment in intimate conversations with God.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are people whom I hate.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think that things will improve in the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe that I will be reborn after my death.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would do anything to prolong the lives of those I love.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have experienced deep affection.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I will be able to overcome all problems with God&#039;s help.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are people whom I will never be able to forgive.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think my life is moving in the right direction.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are people with whom I feel a supernatural connection.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">HT It is hard for me to think that my loved ones will one day no longer live.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have experienced true friendship.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In certain moments in my life\u201a I feel very close to God.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are things which people should not forgive.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think that I will have more positive than negative experiences in the future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had experiences through which I have realized that nothing ever dies.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am terrified of being forgotten after my death.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have often experienced openness and honesty.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">With God&#039;s help\u201a I will be happy once again.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If somebody hurts me\u201a I usually try to get revenge.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think that I will live my life in the future just as I envisage it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe in further existence after death.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would do anything to prolong my life.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have experienced things which I want to experience again and again.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I know that God is merciful.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The thought of seeing my enemies suffer satisfies me.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have a precise picture of what my future should be like.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have experienced things which I cannot express in words.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am scared about what will happen to me after my death.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have often had experiences which have deeply affected me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I enjoy attending to religious community events.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There are people who deserve to be treated badly.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My future seems to be extremely uncertain.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have experienced things which radiate a special kind of energy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">All hope ends with death.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In my experience\u201a it is possible for me to become so involved in something that I forget everything around me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel the presence of God in nature.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have forgiven those people who have hurt me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe that the future holds exciting challenges for me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe that I will have experiences in the future to which very few people have access.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I fear being made accountable for the things I have done wrong after my death.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have had one or more experiences in which the meaning of life became clear to me.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9couvrez l&rsquo;Inventaire multidimensionnel du bien-\u00eatre religieux\/spirituel (MI-RSWB), son cadre th\u00e9orique, ses qualit\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques et ses 48 items originaux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[408,9067,2],"tags":[15946,16274,16,15907,419,16275],"class_list":["post-11714","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-cliniques","category-psychologie-de-la-religion","category-psychometrie","tag-bien-etre-spirituel","tag-mi-rswb","tag-psychometrie","tag-religiosite","tag-sante-mentale","tag-unterrainer"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11714"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11714\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}