{"id":11686,"date":"2026-10-01T01:36:26","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T01:36:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/echelle-religiosite-spiritualite-jeunes-rssy\/"},"modified":"2026-10-01T01:36:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T01:36:26","slug":"echelle-religiosite-spiritualite-jeunes-rssy","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=echelle-religiosite-spiritualite-jeunes-rssy","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9chelle de religiosit\u00e9 et de spiritualit\u00e9 pour les jeunes"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>\u00c9chelle de religiosit\u00e9 et de spiritualit\u00e9 pour les jeunes<\/strong> (<em>Religiosity and Spirituality Scale for Youth<\/em>, RSSY), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e initialement par la chercheuse Brittany C. Hernandez en 2011 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00c9tat de Louisiane (Louisiana State University), constitue un instrument psychom\u00e9trique sp\u00e9cialement con\u00e7u pour \u00e9valuer les expressions multifacettes de la religiosit\u00e9 et de la spiritualit\u00e9 chez les enfants et les adolescents. Face aux limites inh\u00e9rentes \u00e0 l&rsquo;adaptation descendante d&rsquo;\u00e9chelles construites pour des populations adultes, la RSSY a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour capturer la ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie propre au d\u00e9veloppement religieux de la jeunesse, en int\u00e9grant \u00e0 la fois des dimensions cognitives, affectives, comportementales et interpersonnelles.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument repose sur une mod\u00e9lisation multidimensionnelle qui s&rsquo;articule autour de deux facteurs pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rants mis en \u00e9vidence par les analyses factorielles : d&rsquo;une part, l&rsquo;<strong>adaptation bas\u00e9e sur la foi<\/strong> (<em>Faith-based Coping<\/em>), qui renvoie \u00e0 la mobilisation des croyances, de la pri\u00e8re et de la relation per\u00e7ue avec le divin pour faire face aux stresseurs existentiels et quotidiens ; d&rsquo;autre part, le <strong>soutien social et les activit\u00e9s religieuses<\/strong> (<em>Religious Social Support and Activities<\/em>), qui \u00e9value l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration dans une communaut\u00e9 de foi, la participation aux rituels collectifs et l&rsquo;entraide interpersonnelle ancr\u00e9e dans les valeurs religieuses. Le format d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation utilise une \u00e9chelle de r\u00e9ponse ordinale \u00e0 4 points (allant de 0 = \u00ab Je ne fais OU ne crois jamais cela \u00bb \u00e0 3 = \u00ab Je fais OU crois toujours cela \u00bb).<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan des qualit\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques, la RSSY pr\u00e9sente une consistance interne exceptionnelle, avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach atteignant respectivement 0,94 pour la dimension <em>Faith-based Coping<\/em> et 0,90 pour la dimension <em>Religious Social Support and Activities<\/em>. La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 temporelle test-retest s&rsquo;av\u00e8re robuste, s&rsquo;\u00e9tablissant \u00e0 0,71 pour la premi\u00e8re composante et \u00e0 0,85 pour la seconde. Les \u00e9tudes de validit\u00e9 d\u00e9montrent de solides corr\u00e9lations avec le bien-\u00eatre subjectif, la r\u00e9silience psychologique et les comp\u00e9tences prosociales, tout en affichant des relations inverses significatives avec la d\u00e9tresse \u00e9motionnelle, les conduites \u00e0 risque et l&rsquo;isolement social chez les jeunes.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Religiosit\u00e9, spiritualit\u00e9, adolescence, \u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique, coping religieux, soutien social, d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;enfant, r\u00e9silience, sant\u00e9 mentale des jeunes, psychologie de la religion, adaptation bas\u00e9e sur la foi, validation d&rsquo;\u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue et valid\u00e9e par le docteur <strong>Brittany C. Hernandez<\/strong> dans le cadre de ses travaux doctoraux au sein du D\u00e9partement de psychologie de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00c9tat de Louisiane (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lsu.edu\/\">Louisiana State University<\/a>, Baton Rouge, \u00c9tats-Unis), sous la supervision de comit\u00e9s universitaires sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en psychologie clinique de l&rsquo;enfant et de l&rsquo;adolescent et en mesure psychom\u00e9trique.<\/p>\n<p>Les recherches de l&rsquo;auteure s&rsquo;inscrivent dans le champ de la psychopathologie d\u00e9veloppementale, de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation p\u00e9diatrique et de l&rsquo;investigation des ressources protectrices socio-\u00e9motionnelles chez les jeunes confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des contextes de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 psychosociale ou m\u00e9dicale.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif premier de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de religiosit\u00e9 et de spiritualit\u00e9 pour les jeunes est de fournir aux chercheurs, cliniciens et praticiens de l&rsquo;enfance un outil standardis\u00e9, sensible au niveau de d\u00e9veloppement cognitif et socio-\u00e9motionnel des jeunes, permettant de quantifier pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la mani\u00e8re dont la foi, la spiritualit\u00e9 personnelle et les pratiques confessionnelles interviennent dans leur trajectoire de vie. Historiquement, la recherche sur la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_de_la_religion\">psychologie de la religion<\/a> a souffert de deux \u00e9cueils m\u00e9thodologiques majeurs : d&rsquo;une part, l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;items uniques (comme la simple fr\u00e9quence d&rsquo;assistance au culte), incapables de refl\u00e9ter la profondeur de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience spirituelle ; d&rsquo;autre part, la transposition brute de questionnaires adultes contenant un vocabulaire th\u00e9ologique abstrait, inadapt\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;appareil conceptuel des enfants et adolescents.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les contextes cliniques et de recherche, la RSSY remplit plusieurs fonctions critiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Identification des ressources de r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle :<\/strong> L&rsquo;outil met en lumi\u00e8re la fa\u00e7on dont l&rsquo;adolescent utilise la transcendance et la pri\u00e8re pour m\u00e9taboliser l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, la col\u00e8re ou la d\u00e9tresse, servant d&rsquo;indicateur du coping cognitif et affectif.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9valuation du capital social et communautaire :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument quantifie l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau d&rsquo;affiliation porteur de sens et de r\u00e9assurance morale, facteur protecteur reconnu contre les d\u00e9rives comportementales et l&rsquo;anomie relationnelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recherche translationnelle en sant\u00e9 p\u00e9diatrique :<\/strong> La RSSY est particuli\u00e8rement utile pour examiner comment la spiritualit\u00e9 mod\u00e8re l&rsquo;impact des maladies chroniques, des hospitalisations prolong\u00e9es ou des traumatismes psychologiques chez les mineurs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9tection des conflits spirituels :<\/strong> Bien que principalement ax\u00e9e sur les dimensions positives, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle permet de contextualiser les interrogations m\u00e9taphysiques et les sentiments d&rsquo;abandon ou de culpabilit\u00e9 religieuse susceptibles d&rsquo;aggraver un tableau d\u00e9pressif.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sur le plan th\u00e9orique, l&rsquo;instrument vise \u00e0 combler le vide empirique s\u00e9parant la sociologie des religions et la psychologie d\u00e9veloppementale, en concevant la religiosit\u00e9 non pas comme une contrainte externe impos\u00e9e par la socialisation familiale, mais comme une structure active de traitement de l&rsquo;information et d&rsquo;attachement affectif mobilis\u00e9e par le sujet en d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit mesur\u00e9 par la RSSY se divise en deux composantes fondamentales, refl\u00e9tant la distinction contemporaine \u00e9tablie en sciences humaines entre l&rsquo;int\u00e9riorit\u00e9 spirituelle (la qu\u00eate personnelle de sens et de relation au divin) et l&rsquo;ext\u00e9riorit\u00e9 religieuse (l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion doctrinale, rituelle et communautaire) :<\/p>\n<h3>1. L&rsquo;adaptation bas\u00e9e sur la foi (Faith-based Coping)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension capture l&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnalisation intrapsychique de la foi face aux \u00e9preuves de l&rsquo;existence. Elle englobe les strat\u00e9gies cognitives, affectives et spirituelles par lesquelles le jeune fait appel \u00e0 une puissance sup\u00e9rieure bienveillante pour traverser des \u00e9pisodes de stress, de solitude ou de confusion morale. Ce construit inclut :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>La r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle th\u00e9ocentrique :<\/em> L&rsquo;utilisation de la pri\u00e8re et de la pens\u00e9e religieuse comme m\u00e9canisme d&rsquo;apaisement interne (\u00ab Quand je suis inquiet ou nerveux, ma foi m&rsquo;aide \u00e0 me calmer \u00bb ; \u00ab Prier me donne de la force quand je suis boulevers\u00e9 \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><em>L&rsquo;attribution de sens bienveillante :<\/em> La croyance que les difficult\u00e9s constituent des opportunit\u00e9s d&rsquo;apprentissage ordonn\u00e9es par le divin (\u00ab Quand quelque chose de mauvais arrive, je sais que Dieu essaie de me rendre plus fort \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><em>L&rsquo;attachement s\u00e9curisant \u00e0 une figure divine :<\/em> Le sentiment de r\u00e9confort, d&rsquo;amour inconditionnel et de pr\u00e9sence constante (\u00ab Savoir que Dieu est avec moi m&#8217;emp\u00eache de me sentir seul \u00bb ; \u00ab Dieu me r\u00e9conforte \u00bb).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Le soutien social et les activit\u00e9s religieuses (Religious Social Support and Activities)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce second facteur \u00e9value les manifestations comportementales visibles et l&rsquo;ancrage relationnel de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience religieuse du jeune. Il s&rsquo;\u00e9tend au-del\u00e0 de la stricte conformit\u00e9 familiale pour mesurer l&rsquo;investissement personnel dans la sociabilit\u00e9 confessionnelle :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>La sociabilit\u00e9 confessionnelle paritaire :<\/em> L&rsquo;interaction active avec des pairs partageant le m\u00eame syst\u00e8me de valeurs (\u00ab Je passe du temps avec des jeunes qui partagent mes croyances religieuses \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><em>La recherche d&rsquo;aide communautaire :<\/em> Le recours intentionnel aux pairs et aux mentors religieux lors des p\u00e9riodes de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 (\u00ab Quand j&rsquo;ai besoin d&rsquo;aide, je vais vers des personnes qui ont les m\u00eames croyances religieuses que moi \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><em>La praxis rituelle et l&rsquo;engagement prosocial :<\/em> La participation \u00e0 des groupes de pri\u00e8re, l&rsquo;\u00e9tude des textes sacr\u00e9s, le b\u00e9n\u00e9volat et le don financier motiv\u00e9s par les pr\u00e9ceptes \u00e9thiques de la foi (\u00ab Je fais du b\u00e9n\u00e9volat pour aider les autres en fonction de mes croyances religieuses \u00bb).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture conceptuelle de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de religiosit\u00e9 et de spiritualit\u00e9 pour les jeunes s&rsquo;articule \u00e0 la convergence de plusieurs grands paradigmes de la psychologie contemporaine :<\/p>\n<h3>Le mod\u00e8le transactionnel du coping religieux de Kenneth Pargament<\/h3>\n<p>Le fondement principal de la RSSY s&rsquo;enracine dans la th\u00e9orie du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kenneth_Pargament\">coping religieux<\/a> d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Kenneth Pargament (1997). Selon ce mod\u00e8le, la religion n&rsquo;est pas simplement une variable d\u00e9mographique ou un ensemble fig\u00e9 de dogmes, mais un processus dynamique de recherche de signification face aux stresseurs vitaux. Pargament distingue le coping religieux positif (fond\u00e9 sur une relation de collaboration s\u00e9curisante avec Dieu, le pardon et le soutien spirituel mutuel) du coping religieux n\u00e9gatif (caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par un sentiment de punition divine, de col\u00e8re envers le sacr\u00e9 ou de conflit interpersonnel au sein de la congr\u00e9gation). La RSSY op\u00e9rationnalise principalement les composantes adaptatives du coping positif, particuli\u00e8rement saillantes chez les jeunes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant d&rsquo;un \u00e9tayage spirituel fonctionnel.<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie du d\u00e9veloppement psychosocial d&rsquo;Erik Erikson<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;adolescence est th\u00e9oris\u00e9e par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erik_Erikson\">Erik Erikson<\/a> comme le stade de la tension entre \u00ab identit\u00e9 et confusion des r\u00f4les \u00bb. Dans ce processus, les adolescents cherchent des rep\u00e8res id\u00e9ologiques et des syst\u00e8mes de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 capables de structurer leur sentiment d&rsquo;unit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure. La RSSY capte ce moment pivot o\u00f9 la religiosit\u00e9 cesse d&rsquo;\u00eatre une pure r\u00e9plication m\u00e9canique des habitudes parentales pour devenir un vecteur d&rsquo;individuation, d&rsquo;auto-d\u00e9finition et d&rsquo;appartenance \u00e9lective.<\/p>\n<h3>Le mod\u00e8le des stades de la foi de James Fowler<\/h3>\n<p>La th\u00e9orie d\u00e9veloppementale de la foi propos\u00e9e par James Fowler (1981) \u00e9claire la structure de l&rsquo;instrument. La jeunesse transite g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de la \u00ab foi mythique-litt\u00e9rale \u00bb (stade 2) \u00e0 la \u00ab foi synth\u00e9tique-conventionnelle \u00bb (stade 3). Au stade 3, la foi sert de ciment relationnel et d&rsquo;ordonnateur des valeurs personnelles \u00e0 travers le regard des pairs signifiants et de la communaut\u00e9. Les items de la RSSY refl\u00e8tent fid\u00e8lement cette \u00e9tape d\u00e9veloppementale o\u00f9 la relation \u00e0 Dieu est v\u00e9cue sur un mode interpersonnel intime (Dieu comme confident, guide et consolateur).<\/p>\n<h3>L&rsquo;approche bio\u00e9cologique d&rsquo;Urie Bronfenbrenner<\/h3>\n<p>Enfin, le mod\u00e8le bio\u00e9cologique d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urie_Bronfenbrenner\">Urie Bronfenbrenner<\/a> permet de conceptualiser la dimension communautaire de la RSSY. L&rsquo;institution religieuse, les groupes de jeunes et les pairs de m\u00eame ob\u00e9dience constituent un microsyst\u00e8me proximal d\u00e9terminant, qui interagit avec le m\u00e9sosyst\u00e8me familial et scolaire pour fa\u00e7onner la r\u00e9silience et le capital d\u00e9veloppemental de l&rsquo;adolescent.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes de validation men\u00e9es lors du d\u00e9veloppement de la RSSY ont document\u00e9 des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques hautement rigoureuses \u00e0 travers plusieurs formes de validit\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu (Content Validity)<\/h3>\n<p>La formulation initiale du corpus d&rsquo;items (qui comptait 72 items dans la version pilote) a r\u00e9sult\u00e9 d&rsquo;une recension exhaustive de la litt\u00e9rature sur le d\u00e9veloppement religieux p\u00e9diatrique, compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par des entretiens avec des experts en psychopathologie juv\u00e9nile et des entretiens cognitifs avec des jeunes. Ce processus a permis d&rsquo;\u00e9liminer le jargon abstrait et de garantir que chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9 refl\u00e8te une exp\u00e9rience comportementale, \u00e9motionnelle ou cognitive accessible aux enfants d\u00e8s l&rsquo;\u00e2ge scolaire et aux adolescents.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et validit\u00e9 convergente (Convergent Validity)<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations statistiquement significatives et positives entre les scores de la RSSY et diverses mesures standardis\u00e9es du bien-\u00eatre et de l&rsquo;adaptation psychologique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bien-\u00eatre subjectif et satisfaction de vie :<\/strong> Des corr\u00e9lations positives mod\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 fortes (variant typiquement entre <em>r<\/em> = 0,35 et <em>r<\/em> = 0,52, <em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,001) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es avec les \u00e9chelles de satisfaction de vie globale chez les jeunes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Comportements prosociaux et altruisme :<\/strong> Les scores sur la sous-\u00e9chelle <em>Religious Social Support and Activities<\/em> corr\u00e8lent substantiellement avec les mesures d&#8217;empathie et d&rsquo;engagement citoyen volontaire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9silience psychologique :<\/strong> Le facteur <em>Faith-based Coping<\/em> d\u00e9montre un lien robuste avec la capacit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue \u00e0 rebondir apr\u00e8s un \u00e9v\u00e9nement traumatique ou un stress aigu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante (Discriminant Validity)<\/h3>\n<p>La RSSY pr\u00e9sente des corr\u00e9lations inverses avec les indices de psychopathologie int\u00e9rioris\u00e9e et ext\u00e9rioris\u00e9e. Elle est corr\u00e9l\u00e9e n\u00e9gativement avec les scores de d\u00e9pression clinique (mesur\u00e9s par exemple par le CDI), l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e, ainsi que l&rsquo;implication dans des conduites d\u00e9linquantes ou la consommation pr\u00e9coce de substances psychoactives (alcool, drogues illicites). De plus, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle montre une ind\u00e9pendance conceptuelle ad\u00e9quate vis-\u00e0-vis de l&rsquo;intelligence g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et du statut socio-\u00e9conomique, indiquant qu&rsquo;elle ne mesure pas un simple biais d&rsquo;aptitude cognitive ou de classe sociale.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de religiosit\u00e9 et de spiritualit\u00e9 pour les jeunes a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e sous l&rsquo;angle de la coh\u00e9rence interne et de la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle, d\u00e9montrant des indices statistiques remarquables :<\/p>\n<h3>Coh\u00e9rence interne (Internal Consistency)<\/h3>\n<p>Les coefficients de coh\u00e9rence interne calcul\u00e9s sur des \u00e9chantillons diversifi\u00e9s d&rsquo;adolescents indiquent une excellente homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des items au sein de chaque dimension :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Adaptation bas\u00e9e sur la foi (Faith-based Coping) :<\/strong> Coefficient alpha de Cronbach (<em>\u03b1<\/em>) de <strong>0,94<\/strong>. Ce niveau tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 atteste que les items de coping cognitif, de pri\u00e8re personnelle et de r\u00e9confort divin convergent de mani\u00e8re univoque vers le construit latent sans redondance excessive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle Soutien social et activit\u00e9s religieuses (Religious Social Support and Activities) :<\/strong> Coefficient alpha de Cronbach (<em>\u03b1<\/em>) de <strong>0,90<\/strong>, d\u00e9montrant une consistance robuste pour l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des conduites communautaires et du r\u00e9seau relationnel de l&rsquo;adolescent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest Reliability)<\/h3>\n<p>La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle des scores a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9prouv\u00e9e sur un intervalle temporel standardis\u00e9 de plusieurs semaines. Les coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse \/ de Pearson t\u00e9moignent d&rsquo;une stabilit\u00e9 satisfaisante, tout en laissant place \u00e0 la sensibilit\u00e9 aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements de vie :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Faith-based Coping :<\/strong> Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest de <strong><em>r<\/em> = 0,71<\/strong> (<em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,001), ce qui refl\u00e8te une stabilit\u00e9 substantielle des m\u00e9canismes de coping interne, avec des fluctuations mod\u00e9r\u00e9es en r\u00e9ponse aux variations contextuelles des stresseurs quotidiens.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Religious Social Support and Activities :<\/strong> Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest de <strong><em>r<\/em> = 0,85<\/strong> (<em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,001), illustrant la relative permanence des habitudes sociales, de la fr\u00e9quentation des groupes de pairs et des activit\u00e9s institutionnelles au cours de l&rsquo;adolescence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement initial et le raffinement psychom\u00e9trique de la RSSY ont repos\u00e9 sur une d\u00e9marche combinant analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE) et mod\u00e9lisation en \u00e9quations structurelles via l&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC).<\/p>\n<h3>Analyse factorielle exploratoire (AFE)<\/h3>\n<p>Le pool initial de 72 items de la version pilote a \u00e9t\u00e9 administr\u00e9 \u00e0 une cohorte de jeunes afin d&rsquo;identifier la structure factorielle sous-jacente. L&rsquo;extraction des facteurs par la m\u00e9thode des axes principaux avec rotation oblique (Promax), justifi\u00e9e par l&rsquo;interd\u00e9pendance th\u00e9orique attendue entre foi int\u00e9rieure et pratiques sociales, a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 deux axes dominants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;examen du graphique des valeurs propres (<em>scree plot<\/em> de Cattell) et l&rsquo;analyse parall\u00e8le de Horn ont clairement mis en \u00e9vidence une rupture nette apr\u00e8s le deuxi\u00e8me facteur, confirmant une solution bidimensionnelle parcimonieuse.<\/li>\n<li>Le <strong>Facteur 1 (Faith-based Coping)<\/strong> a capt\u00e9 la plus grande part de la variance expliqu\u00e9e, regroupant les items relatifs au recours \u00e0 Dieu, \u00e0 la pri\u00e8re de d\u00e9tresse, \u00e0 la recherche de pardon et au sentiment de paix int\u00e9rieure. Les saturations factorielles de ces items se sont \u00e9chelonn\u00e9es de 0,55 \u00e0 0,84, sans saturation crois\u00e9e majeure sur l&rsquo;autre axe.<\/li>\n<li>Le <strong>Facteur 2 (Religious Social Support and Activities)<\/strong> a rassembl\u00e9 les items op\u00e9rationnalisant la fr\u00e9quentation des groupes de jeunes, le don mon\u00e9taire, le b\u00e9n\u00e9volat confessionnel, la lecture de textes et le partage de convictions avec l&rsquo;entourage. Les saturations factorielles s&rsquo;y sont situ\u00e9es entre 0,48 et 0,79.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Raffinement et Analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>Les analyses ont permis d&rsquo;\u00e9laguer les items ambigus, redondants ou affichant des saturations crois\u00e9es ind\u00e9sirables (notamment les items de m\u00e9contentement religieux n\u00e9gatif de la version pilote qui formaient des micro-regroupements instables). La forme abr\u00e9g\u00e9e et stabilis\u00e9e de 37 items a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9e au moyen de l&rsquo;AFC sur un \u00e9chantillon ind\u00e9pendant. Les indices d&rsquo;ajustement globaux ont confirm\u00e9 l&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation du mod\u00e8le bifactoriel corr\u00e9l\u00e9 aux donn\u00e9es empiriques, atteignant les seuils m\u00e9thodologiques conventionnels :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Indice de comparaison de Bentler (<em>Comparative Fit Index<\/em>, CFI) &gt; 0,92<\/li>\n<li>Indice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI) &gt; 0,91<\/li>\n<li>Racine de l&rsquo;erreur quadratique moyenne d&rsquo;approximation (<em>Root Mean Square Error of Approximation<\/em>, RMSEA) \u2264 0,06 (intervalle de confiance \u00e0 90 % compris entre 0,048 et 0,068)<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9sidu quadratique moyen standardis\u00e9 (<em>Standardized Root Mean Square Residual<\/em>, SRMR) \u2264 0,05<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>Voici les caract\u00e9ristiques techniques et op\u00e9rationnelles de l&rsquo;instrument :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom complet de l&rsquo;outil :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de religiosit\u00e9 et de spiritualit\u00e9 pour les jeunes (<em>Religiosity and Spirituality Scale for Youth<\/em> &#8211; RSSY).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Auteure :<\/strong> Brittany C. Hernandez (2011).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Enfants d&rsquo;\u00e2ge scolaire et adolescents (approximativement de 8 \u00e0 18 ans). L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle peut \u00eatre compl\u00e9t\u00e9e en auto-passation ou administr\u00e9e sous forme d&rsquo;entretien guid\u00e9 pour les participants les plus jeunes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Environ 10 \u00e0 15 minutes pour la version op\u00e9rationnelle standard de 37 items ; environ 20 \u00e0 25 minutes pour la version pilote int\u00e9grale de 72 items.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format des r\u00e9ponses :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle ordinale de type Likert \u00e0 4 points, formul\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re accessible pour les jeunes :<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>0<\/strong> = I never do OR believe this (<em>Je ne fais OU ne crois jamais cela<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>1<\/strong> = I do OR believe this some of the time (<em>Je fais OU crois cela parfois<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>2<\/strong> = I do OR believe this most of the time (<em>Je fais OU crois cela la plupart du temps<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><strong>3<\/strong> = I always do OR believe this (<em>Je fais OU crois toujours cela<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><strong>Calcul des scores :<\/strong> Les scores sont calcul\u00e9s en sommant les points des items composant chacune des deux sous-\u00e9chelles principales (<em>Faith-based Coping<\/em> et <em>Religious Social Support and Activities<\/em>), ou en \u00e9tablissant une moyenne par item. Un score global composite peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre calcul\u00e9 pour refl\u00e9ter le niveau g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;engagement religieux et spirituel du jeune. Des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s indiquent une mobilisation plus fr\u00e9quente et plus intense des ressources religieuses et spirituelles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de religiosit\u00e9 et de spiritualit\u00e9 pour les jeunes a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e en <strong>2011<\/strong> dans le cadre de la th\u00e8se doctorale de Brittany C. Hernandez soutenue \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00c9tat de Louisiane.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits et acc\u00e8s :<\/strong> Le document de recherche original est archiv\u00e9 et accessible publiquement via le d\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel \u00e9lectronique des m\u00e9moires et th\u00e8ses de la Louisiana State University (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/repository.lsu.edu\/\">LSU Electronic Thesis and Dissertation depository<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Frais d&rsquo;utilisation (Tarifs) :<\/strong> L&rsquo;utilisation de l&rsquo;instrument est <strong>enti\u00e8rement gratuite<\/strong> \u00e0 des fins de recherche acad\u00e9mique, scientifique, universitaire et clinique non commerciale. Aucun honoraire ni redevance n&rsquo;est exig\u00e9 pour l&rsquo;administration de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle dans des projets non lucratifs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Les chercheurs et cliniciens sont tenus de citer rigoureusement le travail original de Hernandez (2011) dans toute communication, th\u00e8se ou publication d\u00e9coulant de l&rsquo;utilisation de la RSSY, et de ne pas d\u00e9naturer la formulation des items valid\u00e9s sans proc\u00e9der \u00e0 de nouvelles v\u00e9rifications psychom\u00e9triques formelles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Benson, P. L., Roehlkepartain, E. C., &amp; Rude, S. P. (2003). Spiritual development in childhood and adolescence: Toward a field of inquiry. <em>Applied Developmental Science<\/em>, 7(3), 205\u2013213. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S1532480XADS0703_12\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S1532480XADS0703_12<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). <em>The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design<\/em>. Harvard University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Cotton, S., Zebracki, K., Rosenthal, S. L., Tsevat, J., &amp; Drotar, D. (2006). Religion\/spirituality and adolescent health outcomes: A review. <em>Journal of Adolescent Health<\/em>, 38(4), 472\u2013480. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2005.07.005\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2005.07.005<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Dew, R. E., Daniel, S. S., Armstrong, T. D., Goldston, D. B., Triplett, P. T., &amp; Koenig, H. G. (2008). Religion\/spirituality and adolescent psychiatric symptoms: A review. <em>Child Psychiatry and Human Development<\/em>, 39(4), 381\u2013398. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-007-0093-2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-007-0093-2<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Erikson, E. H. (1968). <em>Identity: Youth and crisis<\/em>. W. W. Norton &amp; Company.<\/li>\n<li>Fowler, J. W. (1981). <em>Stages of faith: The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning<\/em>. Harper &amp; Row.<\/li>\n<li>Hernandez, B. C. (2011). <em>The Religiosity and Spirituality Scale for Youth: Development and initial validation<\/em> (Doctoral dissertation, Louisiana State University). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/etd.lsu.edu\/docs\/available\/etd-10142011-115001\/unrestricted\/hernandez_diss.pdf\">http:\/\/etd.lsu.edu\/docs\/available\/etd-10142011-115001\/unrestricted\/hernandez_diss.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Koenig, H. G., King, D. E., &amp; Carson, V. B. (2012). <em>Handbook of religion and health<\/em> (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195335958.001.0001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195335958.001.0001<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pargament, K. I. (1997). <em>The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice<\/em>. Guilford Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My religious beliefs make me happy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I pray in public.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I study\/read scriptures.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I\u2019m worried or nervous\u201a my faith helps me calm down.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I need help\u201a I go to people with my same religious beliefs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I attend prayer groups.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Praying gives me strength when I\u2019m upset.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When trying to solve a problem\u201a I ask God for help.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have a close relationship with God.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I do something wrong\u201a I ask for God\u2019s forgiveness.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I listen to religious songs or poetry about God.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I talk with others about my religious beliefs<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith gives me hope in tough times.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I watch religious TV shows or movies.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I face a problem\u201a I pray for God\u2019s help.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I spend time with kids who share my religious beliefs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Knowing God is with me keeps me from feeling lonely.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find teachings about God interesting or helpful.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My belief in God gives my life meaning.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe God will not give me more than I can handle.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I read books about God (other than the holy scriptures).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I give money based on my religious beliefs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When something bad happens\u201a I know God is trying to make me stronger.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I volunteer to help others based on my religious beliefs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I ask other people to pray for me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When bad things happen\u201a I know God will show me the answers.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My beliefs about God help me decide what to do in hard situations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I\u2019m upset\u201a I remind myself that God loves me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I confess my sins to God.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I\u2019m upset\u201a I remind myself to be thankful for what I have.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I\u2019m struggling\u201a I ask God to help me understand my situation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I give others spiritual or religious advice.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I say scriptures to myself when I\u2019m upset or scared.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When bad things happen\u201a I try to figure out what lesson God is trying to teach me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith gives me feelings of peacefulness.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get strength and support from people in my religious community.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">God comforts me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When bad things happen\u201a I question God\u2019s power to\u00a0protect me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">God cr\u200eeated all things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I would go to my church\u201a temple\u201a or mosque even if\u00a0my parents didn\u2019t make me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When something bad happens\u201a I know God is trying to make me stronger.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I stand up for my religious beliefs when they are questioned by others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I volunteer to help others based on my religious beliefs.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If I\u2019m sorry\u201a I can be forgiven by God for the things I do wrong.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I ask other people to pray for me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When bad things happen\u201a I know God will show me the answers.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My beliefs about God help me decide what to do in hard situations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">God loves me the way I am.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I say a prayer or blessing before eating.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I\u2019m upset\u201a I remind myself that God loves me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I confess my sins to God.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I\u2019m upset\u201a I remind myself to be thankful for what I have.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe the holy scriptures are God\u2019s true word.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I worship God with song\u201a chant\u201a or words.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I\u2019m struggling\u201a I ask God to help me understand my situation.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I give others spiritual or religious advice.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">57<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I say scriptures to myself when I\u2019m upset or scared.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">58<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is a heaven waiting for me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">59<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When bad things happen\u201a I try to figure out what lesson God is trying to teach me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">60<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I live out my beliefs by helping others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">61<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When bad things happen\u201a I lose faith in God.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">62<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I forgive others when they hurt me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">63<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">God cares about even my smallest problems.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">64<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have friends at my church\u201a temple\u201a or mosque.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">65<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I only go to my church\u201a temple\u201a or mosque to see my friends.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">66<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith gives me feelings of peacefulness.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">67<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I praise\/thank God when good things happen.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">68<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It makes me happy to be close to God.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">69<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I get strength and support from people in my religious community.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">70<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When bad things happen\u201a I try to bargain with God.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">71<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Religious rituals and traditions are important to me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">72<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">God comforts me.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00e9couvrez l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de religiosit\u00e9 et de spiritualit\u00e9 pour les jeunes (RSSY) d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Hernandez (2011). Analyse compl\u00e8te des dimensions psychom\u00e9triques, de la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9, de la structure factorielle et des items du test.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[165,127,2],"tags":[57,15903,63,16203,16,15907,16202,505,15898],"class_list":["post-11686","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-devaluation","category-psychologie-du-developpement","category-psychometrie","tag-adolescence","tag-coping-religieux","tag-evaluation-psychologique","tag-jeunesse","tag-psychometrie","tag-religiosite","tag-rssy","tag-soutien-social","tag-spiritualite"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11686"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11686\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}