{"id":11619,"date":"2026-09-30T23:37:20","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T23:37:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/spiritual-experience-index-sei\/"},"modified":"2026-09-30T23:37:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T23:37:20","slug":"spiritual-experience-index-sei","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=spiritual-experience-index-sei","title":{"rendered":"Index d&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience spirituelle (SEI)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Index d&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience spirituelle<\/strong> (<em>Spiritual Experience Index<\/em>, ou <strong>SEI<\/strong>) est un instrument d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique \u00e9labor\u00e9 par la psychologue am\u00e9ricaine <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychology_of_religion\">Violet Genia<\/a> en 1991. Con\u00e7u pour pallier les limites conceptuelles des \u00e9chelles traditionnelles de religiosit\u00e9 \u2014 souvent restreintes aux dogmes jud\u00e9o-chr\u00e9tiens ou ax\u00e9es exclusivement sur la pratique confessionnelle formelle \u2014, le SEI se propose d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la <strong>maturit\u00e9 spirituelle<\/strong> au sein d&rsquo;un cadre conceptuel pluraliste, int\u00e9gratif et d\u00e9veloppemental. L&rsquo;instrument original comprend <strong>38 items<\/strong> pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s sous la forme d&rsquo;affirmations auto-rapport\u00e9es, \u00e9valu\u00e9es sur une \u00e9chelle de type <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89chelle_de_Likert\">Likert<\/a> en 6 points, allant de 1 (\u00ab Pas du tout d&rsquo;accord \u00bb \/ <em>Strongly Disagree<\/em>) \u00e0 6 (\u00ab Tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord \u00bb \/ <em>Strongly Agree<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan structurel, les analyses factorielles r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que l&rsquo;instrument s&rsquo;articule autour de deux composantes fondamentales et orthogonales : le <strong>Soutien spirituel<\/strong> (<em>Spiritual Support<\/em>, 23 items), qui quantifie le sentiment de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 existentielle, de relation affective avec une puissance sup\u00e9rieure et d&rsquo;ancrage transcendant de l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 personnelle ; et l&rsquo;<strong>Ouverture spirituelle<\/strong> (<em>Spiritual Openness<\/em>, 15 items), qui appr\u00e9hende la flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive, la tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard des croyances divergentes, l&rsquo;acceptation du doute constructif et le rejet de l&rsquo;int\u00e9grisme moral ou scripturaire. Treize items font l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;une cotation invers\u00e9e afin de contr\u00f4ler les biais de complaisance ou d&rsquo;acquiescement.<\/p>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques du SEI attestent d&rsquo;une remarquable consistance interne, avec des coefficients <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> oscillant entre 0,86 et 0,95 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle globale et les sous-dimensions dans les \u00e9chantillons normatifs de validation. La validit\u00e9 de construit est \u00e9tay\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations convergentes probantes avec des \u00e9chelles d&rsquo;orientation religieuse intrins\u00e8que (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gordon_Allport\">Allport &amp; Ross<\/a>), de bien-\u00eatre existentiel (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spiritual_Well-Being_Scale\">Ellison &amp; Paloutzian<\/a>) et d&rsquo;estime de soi, ainsi que par des corr\u00e9lations discriminantes nettes avec le dogmatisme rigide, l&rsquo;angoisse de culpabilit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;intol\u00e9rance \u00e0 l&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9. Le SEI repr\u00e9sente un apport m\u00e9thodologique majeur en psychologie clinique, en psychoth\u00e9rapie existentielle et en <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_de_la_sant%C3%A9\">psychologie de la sant\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Spiritual Experience Index, SEI, maturit\u00e9 spirituelle, psychom\u00e9trie, soutien spirituel, ouverture spirituelle, psychologie de la religion, d\u00e9veloppement spirituel, consistance interne, validit\u00e9 de construit, bien-\u00eatre existentiel, Violet Genia.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;inventaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et valid\u00e9 par <strong>Violet Genia<\/strong>, Ph.D., professeure et chercheuse \u00e9m\u00e9rite affili\u00e9e au <em>Department of Psychology<\/em> et au <em>Counseling Center<\/em> de l&rsquo;American University situ\u00e9e \u00e0 Washington, D.C. (\u00c9tats-Unis). Les travaux cliniques et universitaires du Dr Genia sont internationalement reconnus pour leurs contributions \u00e0 l&rsquo;interface de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychanalyse\">th\u00e9orie psychanalytique des relations d&rsquo;objet<\/a>, des th\u00e9ories d\u00e9veloppementales de la foi et de la mesure quantitative des dynamiques transcendantes chez les jeunes adultes et les populations cliniques.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement du <strong>Spiritual Experience Index<\/strong> r\u00e9pond \u00e0 un imp\u00e9ratif m\u00e9thodologique r\u00e9current au sein de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychology_of_religion\">psychologie de la religion et de la spiritualit\u00e9<\/a> : la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnaliser le concept de maturit\u00e9 spirituelle sans le confondre avec l&rsquo;orthodoxie doctrinale, l&rsquo;affiliation eccl\u00e9siale rigide ou les simples manifestations de conformisme social. Historiquement, de nombreux instruments de mesure s&rsquo;appuyaient sur des hypoth\u00e8ses th\u00e9ologiques chr\u00e9tiennes conservatrices, conduisant invariablement les personnes d\u00e9tenant des croyances h\u00e9t\u00e9rodoxes, agnostiques ou orientales \u00e0 obtenir de faibles scores de religiosit\u00e9, assimil\u00e9s \u00e0 tort \u00e0 une immaturit\u00e9 psychologique.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du SEI est de procurer aux cliniciens et aux chercheurs un outil standardis\u00e9 capable d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la profondeur de la vie spirituelle et son int\u00e9gration intrapsychique, ind\u00e9pendamment du syst\u00e8me confessionnel particulier auquel adh\u00e8re l&rsquo;individu. L&rsquo;outil cherche \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des questions diagnostiques et th\u00e9oriques cruciales :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dans quelle mesure les croyances transcendantes d&rsquo;un sujet constituent-elles une ressource de r\u00e9silience affective plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me d\u00e9fensif fond\u00e9 sur la culpabilit\u00e9, la peur de la damnation ou l&rsquo;inhibition pulsionnelle ?<\/li>\n<li>Comment discriminer une foi solide et incarn\u00e9e d&rsquo;un dogmatisme rigide masquant une fragilit\u00e9 narcissique ou une anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 existentielle non r\u00e9solue ?<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;individu manifeste-t-il une capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;autonomie intellectuelle et d&#8217;empathie universelle, ou bien sa pratique spirituelle repose-t-elle sur une soumission r\u00e9gressive aux figures d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 parentale et cl\u00e9ricale ?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans la pratique clinique, le SEI permet d&rsquo;\u00e9clairer l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation diagnostique des crises spirituelles, d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier l&rsquo;impact des croyances sur la symptomatologie d\u00e9pressive et anxieuse, et d&rsquo;ajuster les interventions th\u00e9rapeutiques int\u00e9grant la dimension existentielle (th\u00e9rapies humanistes, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Logoth%C3%A9rapie\">logoth\u00e9rapie de Viktor Frankl<\/a>). Dans la recherche empirique, il sert d&rsquo;indicateur standardis\u00e9 pour analyser les trajectoires de maturation chez les adultes \u00e9mergeants, les adaptations psychosociales face aux pathologies somatiques chroniques et les processus de tol\u00e9rance intergroupe.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit cibl\u00e9 par le SEI est la <strong>maturit\u00e9 spirituelle<\/strong>, d\u00e9finie de mani\u00e8re op\u00e9rationnelle par Genia (1991) comme une relation affectivement s\u00e9curisante, signifiante et vivante avec le transcendant, combin\u00e9e \u00e0 une posture \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique ouverte, autocritique, universelle et tol\u00e9rante \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard de l&rsquo;alt\u00e9rit\u00e9. La structure dimensionnelle du SEI s&rsquo;organise autour de deux axes bipolaires compl\u00e9mentaires :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Le Soutien spirituel (Spiritual Support \u2014 SS)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle (23 items) \u00e9value la dimension exp\u00e9rientielle, affective et int\u00e9grative de la spiritualit\u00e9. Elle explore dans quelle mesure la foi fournit un syst\u00e8me global de sens, d&rsquo;espoir et de courage moral face \u00e0 l&rsquo;adversit\u00e9 tragique de l&rsquo;existence humaine. Les individus obtenant un score \u00e9lev\u00e9 sur cette dimension t\u00e9moignent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D&rsquo;un sentiment intime de connexion avec une transcendance per\u00e7ue comme bienveillante, source d&rsquo;amour inconditionnel et de pardon (ex. item 17 : <em>\u00ab My relationship to God is experienced as unconditional love \u00bb<\/em> ; item 28 : <em>\u00ab I gain spiritual strength by trusting in a higher power \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>D&rsquo;une int\u00e9gration harmonieuse des valeurs spirituelles dans l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 personnelle et les choix de vie quotidiens (ex. item 4 : <em>\u00ab My faith is a way of life \u00bb<\/em> ; item 37 : <em>\u00ab My faith guides my whole approach to life \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>D&rsquo;un sentiment d&rsquo;acceptation de soi m\u00eame face aux d\u00e9faillances morales personnelles (ex. item 21 : <em>\u00ab Although I sometimes fall short of my spiritual ideals, I am still basically a good and worthwhile person \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, de faibles scores ou des scores domin\u00e9s par les items invers\u00e9s signalent une image pers\u00e9cutrice de la divinit\u00e9, une utilisation de la pri\u00e8re guid\u00e9e par la terreur magique du ch\u00e2timent (item 20 : <em>\u00ab I often fear God&rsquo;s punishment \u00bb<\/em> ; item 22 : <em>\u00ab A primary purpose of prayer is to avoid personal tragedy \u00bb<\/em>) ou un sentiment d&rsquo;impuissance et d&rsquo;ali\u00e9nation (item 2 : <em>\u00ab I often feel that I have little control over what happens to me \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>2. L&rsquo;Ouverture spirituelle (Spiritual Openness \u2014 SO)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette sous-\u00e9chelle (15 items) explore le versant cognitif et d\u00e9veloppemental de la foi. Elle refl\u00e8te le degr\u00e9 de diff\u00e9renciation psychologique, de flexibilit\u00e9 herm\u00e9neutique et de d\u00e9centration \u00e9thique de l&rsquo;individu. Les dimensions centrales mesur\u00e9es incluent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 embrasser le doute existentiel non comme un p\u00e9ch\u00e9, mais comme un catalyseur l\u00e9gitime d&rsquo;approfondissement personnel (ex. item 23 : <em>\u00ab I can experience spiritual doubts and still remain committed to my faith \u00bb<\/em>, oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;item invers\u00e9 15 : <em>\u00ab If my faith is strong enough, I will not experience doubt \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;appr\u00e9ciation du pluralisme religieux et la reconnaissance d&rsquo;un lien d&rsquo;humanit\u00e9 universel transcendant les fronti\u00e8res dogmatiques (ex. item 5 : <em>\u00ab Ideas from faiths different from my own may increase my understanding of spiritual truth \u00bb<\/em> ; item 27 : <em>\u00ab Persons of different faiths share a common spiritual bond \u00bb<\/em> ; item 31 : <em>\u00ab I feel a strong spiritual bond with all of humankind \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>Le d\u00e9passement du litt\u00e9ralisme scripturaire au profit d&rsquo;une lecture symbolique et herm\u00e9neutique des textes sacr\u00e9s (ex. item 36 : <em>\u00ab Religious scriptures are best interpreted as symbolic attempts to convey ultimate truths \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;autonomie par rapport aux pressions conformistes du groupe d&rsquo;appartenance ou de l&rsquo;h\u00e9ritage familial (items invers\u00e9s 6, 11, 12, 16, 26, 29, 34).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;assise conceptuelle du Spiritual Experience Index repose sur la convergence de trois grands courants de la pens\u00e9e psychologique contemporaine :<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie du d\u00e9veloppement de la foi de James Fowler<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9laboration de Genia s&rsquo;enracine directement dans le mod\u00e8le structuraliste des stades de foi propos\u00e9 par le th\u00e9ologien et psychologue <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_W._Fowler\">James Fowler<\/a> (1981). Fowler postule que la foi humaine \u00e9volue selon une trajectoire analogue aux stades cognitifs de Jean Piaget et moraux de Lawrence Kohlberg, passant d&rsquo;un stade mythique-litt\u00e9ral et synth\u00e9tique-conventionnel (caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par l&rsquo;adh\u00e9sion non critique aux dogmes du groupe et le conformisme aux autorit\u00e9s) vers une foi individuante-r\u00e9flexive, puis conjonctive (stade 5) et universalisante (stade 6). Au sein du SEI, la sous-\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;Ouverture spirituelle \u00e9value pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l&rsquo;accession \u00e0 ces stades sup\u00e9rieurs, o\u00f9 l&rsquo;individu est capable d&rsquo;int\u00e9grer les paradoxes, de manier les m\u00e9taphores symboliques et de manifester un amour universel d\u00e9sint\u00e9ress\u00e9 pour l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie des relations d&rsquo;objet (Winnicott, Rizzuto)<\/h3>\n<p>Sur le plan psychanalytique, Violet Genia int\u00e8gre les d\u00e9couvertes d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Winnicott\">Ana-Maria Rizzuto<\/a> (1979) et de Donald Winnicott relatives \u00e0 la gen\u00e8se de la repr\u00e9sentation de Dieu. Selon Rizzuto, la repr\u00e9sentation divine int\u00e9rioris\u00e9e est construite \u00e0 partir des imagos parentales pr\u00e9coces. Dans une foi immature ou n\u00e9vrotique, Dieu est per\u00e7u comme une autorit\u00e9 punitive, arbitraire, projective et castratrice r\u00e9activant l&rsquo;angoisse de s\u00e9paration ou la terreur du ch\u00e2timent surmo\u00efque. En revanche, dans une foi mature, la repr\u00e9sentation divine rel\u00e8ve d&rsquo;un espace transitionnel s\u00e9curisant : l&rsquo;imago de Dieu est v\u00e9cue comme une source d&rsquo;amour inconditionnel permettant l&rsquo;individuation et l&rsquo;acceptation r\u00e9paratrice de ses propres faiblesses morales.<\/p>\n<h3>La typologie de la religiosit\u00e9 d&rsquo;Allport<\/h3>\n<p>Enfin, le mod\u00e8le s&rsquo;articule aux concepts classiques de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gordon_Allport\">Gordon Allport<\/a> (1950) distinguant la religiosit\u00e9 extrins\u00e8que (utilitaire, d\u00e9fensive, instrumentale) de la religiosit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que (v\u00e9cue comme une fin en soi, int\u00e9gratrice et directrice de l&rsquo;existence). Le SEI perfectionne cette dichotomie en d\u00e9montrant qu&rsquo;une foi intrins\u00e8que non temp\u00e9r\u00e9e par l&rsquo;ouverture cognitive peut d\u00e9river vers le fanatisme dogmatique. La v\u00e9ritable maturit\u00e9 spirituelle requiert \u00e0 la fois un investissement affectif profond (Soutien) et une plasticit\u00e9 intellectuelle constante (Ouverture).<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes empiriques initiales conduites par Genia (1991), compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par des recherches ult\u00e9rieures sur des populations diversifi\u00e9es (Genia, 1997 ; Fetzer Institute, 2012), fournissent des preuves solides attestant des multiples facettes de la validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique du SEI.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>Des corr\u00e9lations significatives ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablies avec des mesures \u00e9talonn\u00e9es du fonctionnement psychologique et spirituel :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Orientation religieuse intrins\u00e8que (Allport &amp; Ross) :<\/strong> La sous-\u00e9chelle de Soutien spirituel pr\u00e9sente une corr\u00e9lation positive tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e (<em>r<\/em> = 0,70 \u00e0 0,84, <em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,001) avec la religiosit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que, validant le fait qu&rsquo;elle saisit un engagement existentiel sinc\u00e8re et structurant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bien-\u00eatre spirituel (Spiritual Well-Being Scale d&rsquo;Ellison &amp; Paloutzian) :<\/strong> Des associations positives fortes sont relev\u00e9es tant avec l&rsquo;indice de bien-\u00eatre religieux (<em>r<\/em> = 0,78) qu&rsquo;avec l&rsquo;indice de bien-\u00eatre existentiel (<em>r<\/em> = 0,55), confirmant le r\u00f4le stabilisateur de la dimension Soutien.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Estime de soi (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89chelle_d%27estime_de_soi_de_Rosenberg\">\u00c9chelle de Rosenberg<\/a>) :<\/strong> Une corr\u00e9lation positive mod\u00e9r\u00e9e mais constante (<em>r<\/em> = 0,30 \u00e0 0,38) atteste que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 spirituelle est li\u00e9e \u00e0 une valorisation saine de soi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 discriminante est particuli\u00e8rement robuste en ce qui concerne la distinction entre engagement spirituel et rigidit\u00e9 d\u00e9fensive :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dogmatisme (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milton_Rokeach\">\u00c9chelle de dogmatisme de Rokeach<\/a>) :<\/strong> La sous-\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;Ouverture spirituelle montre une corr\u00e9lation inverse substantielle avec le dogmatisme (<em>r<\/em> = -0,48 \u00e0 -0,56, <em>p<\/em> &lt; 0,001), prouvant son efficacit\u00e9 \u00e0 disqualifier les postures de fermeture intellectuelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Intol\u00e9rance \u00e0 l&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 :<\/strong> Des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s en Ouverture spirituelle sont associ\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9dictive \u00e0 une tol\u00e9rance accrue face aux paradoxes moraux et existentiels.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale :<\/strong> Les corr\u00e9lations avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de mensonge ou de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale de Marlowe-Crowne demeurent faibles et non significatives (<em>r<\/em> &lt; 0,15), d\u00e9montrant que les r\u00e9ponses ne refl\u00e8tent pas un simple biais d&rsquo;auto-pr\u00e9sentation favorable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>Les param\u00e8tres d&rsquo;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 et de constance temporelle du Spiritual Experience Index ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9prouv\u00e9s lors de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de Genia (1991) men\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants universitaires (<em>N<\/em> = 206) et r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9s dans des cohortes ind\u00e9pendantes d&rsquo;adultes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Consistance interne :<\/strong> Le coefficient <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle globale de 38 items atteint <strong>&alpha; = 0,89<\/strong>. Au niveau des sous-\u00e9chelles, la dimension <em>Soutien spirituel<\/em> (23 items) d\u00e9montre une homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 remarquable avec des alphas oscillant entre <strong>0,93 et 0,95<\/strong>. La dimension <em>Ouverture spirituelle<\/em> (15 items), caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une plus grande h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 th\u00e9matique (tol\u00e9rance, rejet du dogme, doutes), pr\u00e9sente un coefficient satisfaisant de <strong>&alpha; = 0,78 \u00e0 0,83<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest :<\/strong> L&rsquo;administration r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e de l&rsquo;inventaire \u00e0 un intervalle de quatre semaines r\u00e9v\u00e8le une stabilit\u00e9 temporelle excellente, avec un coefficient de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse de <strong><em>r<\/em> = 0,87<\/strong> pour l&rsquo;indice total, <strong><em>r<\/em> = 0,89<\/strong> pour le Soutien spirituel et <strong><em>r<\/em> = 0,81<\/strong> pour l&rsquo;Ouverture spirituelle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Corr\u00e9lations inter-items et item-total :<\/strong> L&rsquo;analyse des corr\u00e9lations item-total corrig\u00e9es indique que l&rsquo;ensemble des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s conserv\u00e9s d\u00e9passent le seuil psychom\u00e9trique standard de 0,35, confirmant la coh\u00e9sion interne du pool d&rsquo;items.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Lors de la phase de conception du SEI, Violet Genia a soumis un ensemble initial de 48 items \u00e0 une <strong>analyse factorielle exploratoire<\/strong> (AFE) en composantes principales, suivie d&rsquo;une rotation oblique (Promax) puis orthogonale (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Varimax_rotation\">Varimax<\/a>) afin d&rsquo;isoler la structure sous-jacente du construit.<\/p>\n<p>Le test de s\u00e9dimentation de Cattell (<em>scree plot<\/em>) et le crit\u00e8re de Kaiser-Guttman (valeurs propres &gt; 1) ont clairement mis en \u00e9vidence une solution bi-factorielle dominante expliquant 42,7 % de la variance totale des scores :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 (Soutien spirituel) :<\/strong> Rend compte de 28,4 % de la variance initiale. Les items saturant lourdement sur ce facteur (&gt; 0,50 \u00e0 0,82) d\u00e9crivent le r\u00e9confort affectif, la guidance au quotidien, le recours \u00e0 la pri\u00e8re comme communion bienveillante et l&rsquo;investissement profond de l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 personnelle dans la relation avec le transcendant.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 (Ouverture spirituelle) :<\/strong> Rend compte de 14,3 % de la variance. Les saturations factorielles (&gt; 0,40 \u00e0 0,71) regroupent les \u00e9nonc\u00e9s \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;ouverture interconfessionnelle, la flexibilit\u00e9 cognitive face aux dilemmes \u00e9thiques, la conception symbolique des \u00e9critures saintes et le rejet de l&rsquo;infaillibilit\u00e9 doctrinale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dix items initiaux pr\u00e9sentant des saturations crois\u00e9es complexes (&gt; 0,35 sur les deux facteurs) ou des saturations primaires inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 0,35 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9limin\u00e9s pour aboutir \u00e0 la version finale stabilis\u00e9e de 38 items. Les \u00e9tudes ult\u00e9rieures d&rsquo;<strong>analyse factorielle confirmatoire<\/strong> (AFC) ont corrobor\u00e9 l&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation de ce mod\u00e8le bidimensionnel, affichant des indices d&rsquo;ajustement satisfaisants (RMSEA &lt; 0,06 ; CFI &gt; 0,91 ; TLI &gt; 0,90).<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;inventaire du Spiritual Experience Index se caract\u00e9rise par les sp\u00e9cifications techniques suivantes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle auto-rapport\u00e9e (<em>self-report inventory<\/em>), administrable sous format papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 38 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s d\u00e9claratifs r\u00e9dig\u00e9s \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne du singulier.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format des r\u00e9ponses :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert \u00e0 6 points exempte de point m\u00e9dian neutre, for\u00e7ant ainsi un positionnement cognitif ou affectif :<br \/>\n    1 = Fortement en d\u00e9saccord (<em>Strongly Disagree<\/em>)<br \/>\n    2 = En d\u00e9saccord (<em>Disagree<\/em>)<br \/>\n    3 = Plut\u00f4t en d\u00e9saccord (<em>Somewhat Disagree<\/em>)<br \/>\n    4 = Plut\u00f4t d&rsquo;accord (<em>Somewhat Agree<\/em>)<br \/>\n    5 = D&rsquo;accord (<em>Agree<\/em>)<br \/>\n    6 = Tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord (<em>Strongly Agree<\/em>)\n  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Items invers\u00e9s :<\/strong> 13 \u00e9nonc\u00e9s formulent des attitudes dogmatiques, punitives ou d&rsquo;impuissance et doivent imp\u00e9rativement \u00eatre invers\u00e9s avant le calcul des scores (6 = 1, 5 = 2, 4 = 3, 3 = 4, 2 = 5, 1 = 6) : <strong>Items 2, 6, 11, 12, 15, 16, 20, 22, 26, 29, 32, 34 et 35<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cotation et calcul des scores :<\/strong> La cotation s&rsquo;effectue de mani\u00e8re continue. On calcule s\u00e9par\u00e9ment :\n<ul>\n<li>Le sous-score de <em>Soutien spirituel<\/em> (somme des items correspondants apr\u00e8s inversion) ;<\/li>\n<li>Le sous-score d&rsquo;<em>Ouverture spirituelle<\/em> (somme des items correspondants apr\u00e8s inversion) ;<\/li>\n<li>Un score global de <em>Maturit\u00e9 spirituelle<\/em> constitu\u00e9 de la somme pond\u00e9r\u00e9e de l&rsquo;ensemble des 38 items.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps de passation :<\/strong> Environ 10 \u00e0 15 minutes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<p>Le Spiritual Experience Index a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 initialement en <strong>1991<\/strong> par Violet Genia au sein du <em>Journal of Religion and Health<\/em>. L&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 reproduit avec l&rsquo;accord de l&rsquo;auteure dans le recueil de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence <em>Self Report Measures for Love and Compassion Research: Spiritual Experience &amp; Religiosity<\/em> publi\u00e9 par le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fetzer.org\/\">Fetzer Institute<\/a> en 2012.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle est libre de droits d&rsquo;utilisation (<em>free of charge<\/em>) \u00e0 des fins exclusives de recherche scientifique non commerciale et d&rsquo;enseignement universitaire, sous r\u00e9serve de citer scrupuleusement la publication princeps de 1991. Toute exploitation commerciale, int\u00e9gration dans un logiciel payant de diagnostic ou distribution \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle requiert une autorisation \u00e9crite pr\u00e9alable accord\u00e9e par l&rsquo;ayant droit et l&rsquo;\u00e9diteur du journal (Springer Nature).<\/p>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les sources et publications scientifiques suivantes fondent la validation empirique et l&rsquo;ancrage th\u00e9orique du SEI :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Allport, G. W., &amp; Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 5(4), 432\u2013443. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0021212\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0021212<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ellison, C. W. (1983). Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. <em>Journal of Psychology and Theology<\/em>, 11(4), 330\u2013340. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/009164718301100406\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/009164718301100406<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Fetzer Institute. (2012). <em>Self report measures for love and compassion research: Spiritual experience &amp; religiosity<\/em> (pp. 5\u20136). Fetzer Institute. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fetzer.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/resources\/attachment\/2012-10-19\/MultidimensionalBooklet.pdf\">http:\/\/www.fetzer.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/resources\/attachment\/2012-10-19\/MultidimensionalBooklet.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Fowler, J. W. (1981). <em>Stages of faith: The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning<\/em>. Harper &amp; Row.<\/li>\n<li>Genia, V. (1991). The Spiritual Experience Index: A measure of spiritual maturity. <em>Journal of Religion and Health<\/em>, 30(4), 337\u2013347. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00986665\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00986665<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Genia, V. (1997). The Spiritual Experience Index: Revision and reformulation. <em>Review of Religious Research<\/em>, 38(4), 344\u2013353. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3512195\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3512195<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rizzuto, A.-M. (1979). <em>The birth of the living God: A psychoanalytic study<\/em>. University of Chicago Press.<\/li>\n<li>Rokeach, M. (1960). <em>The open and closed mind: Investigations into the nature of belief systems and personality systems<\/em>. Basic Books.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-scoring-formula\" style=\"background:#ecfdf5; border-left:4px solid #10b981; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:18px; font-size:13.5px; color:#065f46;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#064e3b;\">Scoring Formula:<\/strong> Scoring is kept continuous. Items 2\u201a 6\u201a 11\u201a 12\u201a 15\u201a 16\u201a 20\u201a 22\u201a 26\u201a 29\u201a 32\u201a 34\u201a and 35 are reverse sc.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often feel closely related to a power greater than myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often feel that I have little control over what happens to me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith gives my life meaning and purpose.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith is a way of life.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Ideas from faiths different from my own may increase my understanding of spiritual truth.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">One should not marry someone of a different faith.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith is an important part of my individual identity.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith helps me to confront tragedy and suffering.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith is often a deeply emotional experience.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is difficult for me to form a clear\u201a concrete image of God.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe that there is only one true faith.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is important that I follow the religious beliefs of my parents.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Learning about different faiths is an important part of my spiritual development.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often think about issues concerning my faith.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">If my faith is strong enough\u201a I will not experience doubt.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Obedience to religious doctrine is the most important aspect of my faith.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My relationship to God is experienced as unconditional love.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My spiritual beliefs change as I encounter new ideas and experiences.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am sometimes uncertain about the best way to resolve a moral conflict.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I often fear God&#039;s punishment.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Although I sometimes fall short of my spiritual ideals\u201a I am still basically a good and worthwhile person.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">A primary purpose of prayer is to avoid personal tragedy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can experience spiritual doubts and still remain committed to my faith.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe that the world is basically good.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith enables me to experience forgiveness when I act against my moral conscience.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It is important that my spiritual beliefs conform with those of persons closest to me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Persons of different faiths share a common spiritual bond.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I gain spiritual strength by trusting in a higher power.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">There is usually only one right solution to any moral dilemma.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I make a conscious effort to live in accordance with my spiritual values.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I feel a strong spiritual bond with all of humankind.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith is a private experience which I rarely\u201a if ever\u201a share with others.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Sharing my faith with others is important for my spiritual growth.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I never challenge the teachings of my faith.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe that the world is basically evil.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Religious scriptures are best interpreted as symbolic attempts to convey ultimate truths.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My faith guides my whole approach to life.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Improving the human community is an important spiritual goal.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Spiritual Experience Index (SEI), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Violet Genia en 1991, est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique de 38 items \u00e9valuant la maturit\u00e9 spirituelle \u00e0 travers deux dimensions fondamentales : le soutien spirituel et l&rsquo;ouverture spirituelle.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[16018,3,2],"tags":[2062,16020,16015,16,15457,16014,16012,16019],"class_list":["post-11619","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-de-spiritualite","category-psychologie-clinique","category-psychometrie","tag-bien-etre-existentiel","tag-maturite-spirituelle","tag-ouverture-spirituelle","tag-psychometrie","tag-sei","tag-soutien-spirituel","tag-spiritual-experience-index","tag-violet-genia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11619"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11619\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}