{"id":11582,"date":"2026-09-30T22:34:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T22:34:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/valeurs-mesure-multidimensionnelle-religiosite\/"},"modified":"2026-09-30T22:34:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T22:34:32","slug":"valeurs-mesure-multidimensionnelle-religiosite","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=valeurs-mesure-multidimensionnelle-religiosite","title":{"rendered":"Valeurs, mesure multidimensionnelle de la religiosit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le module <strong>Valeurs de la Mesure Multidimensionnelle de la Religiosit\u00e9 et de la Spiritualit\u00e9<\/strong> (en anglais : <em>Values, Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness\/Spirituality<\/em> \u2014 MMRS) constitue l&rsquo;un des domaines fondamentaux d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s sous l&rsquo;\u00e9gide du groupe de travail conjoint du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fetzer.org\/\">Fetzer Institute<\/a> et du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/\">National Institute on Aging (NIA)<\/a> \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1990 (Idler et al., 1999, 2003). Con\u00e7u initialement pour pallier le manque d&rsquo;instruments standardis\u00e9s dans les recherches \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques et psychosociales reliant religion et sant\u00e9, ce domaine \u00e9value la mani\u00e8re dont les principes directeurs de vie et les orientations \u00e9thico-spirituelles influencent les comportements de sant\u00e9, l&rsquo;adaptation au stress (<em>coping<\/em>) et le bien-\u00eatre subjectif.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument se d\u00e9cline en deux formats compl\u00e9mentaires : une <strong>version longue<\/strong> de 56 items issue de l&rsquo;adaptation des travaux s\u00e9minaux de Shalom Schwartz sur les valeurs universelles humaines (<em>Schwartz Value Survey<\/em>), et une <strong>version abr\u00e9g\u00e9e<\/strong> (<em>Values Short Form<\/em> ou MMRS-V-SF) compos\u00e9e de 3 items soigneusement s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s pour les grandes enqu\u00eates \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques nationales, notamment le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/gss.norc.org\/\">General Social Survey (GSS)<\/a> de 1998. La version longue emploie une \u00e9chelle asym\u00e9trique en 9 points allant de -1 (\u00ab Oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 mes valeurs \u00bb) \u00e0 7 (\u00ab D&rsquo;une importance supr\u00eame \u00bb), permettant de capturer les valeurs tant religieuses qu&rsquo;universelles, prosociales, h\u00e9donistes ou de conservation. La forme courte repose sur une \u00e9chelle de Likert en 5 points allant de 1 (\u00ab Tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord \u00bb) \u00e0 5 (\u00ab Tout \u00e0 fait en d\u00e9saccord \u00bb), mesurant la centralit\u00e9 de la foi dans la conduite de l&rsquo;existence et la boussole morale de l&rsquo;individu.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, la forme courte d\u00e9montre une consistance interne satisfaisante compte tenu de sa bri\u00e8vet\u00e9 (alpha de Cronbach oscillant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,68 et 0,78 selon les \u00e9chantillons de population), une excellente validit\u00e9 convergente avec les mesures d&rsquo;orientation religieuse intrins\u00e8que (Allport &#038; Ross, 1967) et une forte capacit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive des comportements prosociaux, de la r\u00e9silience psychologique et de la sant\u00e9 auto-\u00e9valu\u00e9e. La version longue refl\u00e8te fid\u00e8lement la structure quasi-circomplexe des dix motivations fondamentales du mod\u00e8le de Schwartz, attestant d&rsquo;une robustesse transculturelle remarquable.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Mesure multidimensionnelle de la religiosit\u00e9, valeurs de Schwartz, spiritualit\u00e9, psychom\u00e9trie de la religion, sant\u00e9 et religion, orientation religieuse intrins\u00e8que, Fetzer Institute, Ellen Idler, boussole morale, recherche \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique, General Social Survey.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>Le module des valeurs de la mesure multidimensionnelle de la religiosit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et valid\u00e9 par un consortium interdisciplinaire d&rsquo;experts de premier plan r\u00e9unis sous l&rsquo;\u00e9gide du <strong>Fetzer Institute<\/strong> et du <strong>National Institute on Aging (NIA)<\/strong> des National Institutes of Health (NIH) des \u00c9tats-Unis :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ellen L. Idler, Ph.D.<\/strong> (Directrice de section pour ce domaine) : Professeure \u00e9m\u00e9rite de sociologie et de sant\u00e9 publique \u00e0 la Rollins School of Public Health de l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.emory.edu\/\">Emory University<\/a>, Atlanta, G\u00e9orgie, \u00c9tats-Unis. Sp\u00e9cialiste de renomm\u00e9e mondiale de l&rsquo;\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie sociale de la religion et de la mortalit\u00e9 chez les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es. Contact : <code>eidler@emory.edu<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Christopher G. Ellison, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur distingu\u00e9 de sociologie \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Texas \u00e0 San Antonio (UTSA). Ses recherches portent sur les liens entre affiliation religieuse, sant\u00e9 mentale et relations familiales.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Linda K. George, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeure de sociologie \u00e0 la Duke University, sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans le vieillissement, les trajectoires de vie et les d\u00e9terminants sociaux de la d\u00e9pression.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Neal Krause, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite \u00e0 la School of Public Health de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Michigan, pionnier de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude du soutien social dispens\u00e9 au sein des communaut\u00e9s religieuses et de son impact sur la sant\u00e9 des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jeffrey S. Levin, Ph.D., M.P.H.<\/strong> : Professeur titulaire de la chaire universitaire d&rsquo;\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et de sant\u00e9 des populations \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 Baylor, auteur d&rsquo;\u00e9tudes fondatrices reliant l&rsquo;engagement religieux et la sant\u00e9 physique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Marcia G. Ory, Ph.D., M.P.H.<\/strong> : Professeure distingu\u00e9e au Texas A&#038;M Health Science Center, ancienne directrice de programme au National Institute on Aging (NIA).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kenneth I. Pargament, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychologie \u00e0 la Bowling Green State University, sommit\u00e9 internationale du <em>religious coping<\/em> (adaptation religieuse au stress).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lynda H. Powell, Ph.D.<\/strong> : \u00c9pid\u00e9miologiste cardiovasculaire et professeure au Rush University Medical Center de Chicago.<\/li>\n<li><strong>David R. Williams, Ph.D., M.P.H.<\/strong> : Professeur de sant\u00e9 publique Florence Sprague Norman et Laura Smart Anderson \u00e0 la Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lynn G. Underwood, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Vice-pr\u00e9sidente honoraire du Fetzer Institute, conceptrice de la <em>Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale<\/em> (DSES).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Marc A. Musick, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur de sociologie \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Texas \u00e0 Austin, sp\u00e9cialiste de l&rsquo;engagement civique et du b\u00e9n\u00e9volat d&rsquo;inspiration religieuse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de la sous-\u00e9chelle des valeurs du MMRS est de fournir un instrument m\u00e9thodologiquement rigoureux permettant de quantifier la mani\u00e8re dont les <strong>syst\u00e8mes de valeurs personnelles et spirituelles<\/strong> orientent la vie des individus et s&rsquo;articulent avec leur \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 somatique et psychologique. Pendant plusieurs d\u00e9cennies, la recherche biom\u00e9dicale et \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique a r\u00e9duit la religiosit\u00e9 \u00e0 des indicateurs d\u00e9mographiques rudimentaires ou univari\u00e9s, tels que la simple d\u00e9nomination religieuse (ex. catholique, protestant, juif) ou la fr\u00e9quence brute d&rsquo;assistance aux offices religieux. Or, de telles m\u00e9triques \u00e9chouent syst\u00e9matiquement \u00e0 capturer les m\u00e9canismes cognitifs, affectifs et motivationnels profonds par lesquels la religion fa\u00e7onne l&rsquo;existence humaine.<\/p>\n<p>Le groupe de travail Fetzer\/NIA a identifi\u00e9 les valeurs comme une composante essentielle de la religiosit\u00e9 pour trois raisons majeures :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9gulation \u00e9thique et comportements de sant\u00e9 :<\/strong> Les valeurs religieuses et spirituelles d\u00e9finissent un cadre normatif prescrivant certains comportements favorables \u00e0 la long\u00e9vit\u00e9 (temp\u00e9rance, mod\u00e9ration, hygi\u00e8ne de vie, respect du corps) et proscrivant les conduites \u00e0 risque (consommation d&rsquo;alcool, tabagisme, prise de risque sexuel ou physique). Mesurer les valeurs permet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la force de cette autor\u00e9gulation morale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hi\u00e9rarchisation des buts existentiels et r\u00e9duction du stress :<\/strong> Selon la psychologie cognitive et la th\u00e9orie du stress, les valeurs agissent comme des filtres interpr\u00e9tatifs primaires lors de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation cognitive des stresseurs (Lazarus &#038; Folkman, 1984). Un individu dont la vie est ax\u00e9e sur des valeurs de transcendance, de paix int\u00e9rieure ou de d\u00e9tachement mat\u00e9riel \u00e9prouvera un niveau d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 diff\u00e9rent face aux revers \u00e9conomiques ou \u00e0 la maladie chronique par rapport \u00e0 un individu centr\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;accumulation de richesses ou le statut social.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Motivation prosociale et coh\u00e9sion interpersonnelle :<\/strong> Les valeurs centr\u00e9es sur la bienveillance, le pardon, la loyaut\u00e9 et la justice sociale catalysent les interactions communautaires positives, favorisant ainsi la constitution d&rsquo;un capital social protecteur contre l&rsquo;isolement et la d\u00e9pression.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans les contextes cliniques et g\u00e9rontologiques, la version abr\u00e9g\u00e9e (MMRS-V-SF) offre une opportunit\u00e9 pr\u00e9cieuse d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer en quelques secondes la pr\u00e9gnance du cadre religieux dans la prise de d\u00e9cision m\u00e9dicale des patients confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des pathologies lourdes ou en fin de vie. Pour la recherche \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, o\u00f9 le temps de passation est extr\u00eamement contingent\u00e9, ces 3 items fournissent un indicateur d&rsquo;une grande sensibilit\u00e9 de la salience religieuse globale.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit mesur\u00e9 par cet instrument s&rsquo;articule autour de deux niveaux d&rsquo;abstraction : un mod\u00e8le structural \u00e9tendu des <strong>valeurs humaines fondamentales<\/strong> (version longue de 56 items) et une mesure synth\u00e9tique de la <strong>salience et de l&rsquo;orientation morale religieuse<\/strong> (version courte de 3 items).<\/p>\n<h3>5.1. La structure \u00e9tendue des valeurs humaines (Forme longue)<\/h3>\n<p>La forme longue repose sur l&rsquo;op\u00e9rationnalisation des valeurs formul\u00e9e par Shalom Schwartz, d\u00e9finissant les valeurs comme des croyances li\u00e9es aux affects, transcendant des actions ou situations sp\u00e9cifiques, guidant la s\u00e9lection ou l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation d&rsquo;actions, de politiques, de personnes et d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements, et ordonn\u00e9es selon leur importance relative. L&rsquo;instrument int\u00e8gre les grands domaines motivationnels :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9passement de soi (<em>Self-Transcendence<\/em>) :<\/strong> Regroupe la <em>Bienveillance<\/em> (items tels que \u00ab <em>Helpful<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Forgiving<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Honest<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>True friendship<\/em> \u00bb) ax\u00e9e sur la pr\u00e9servation et l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration du bien-\u00eatre des personnes proches, et l&rsquo;<em>Universalisme<\/em> (items tels que \u00ab <em>Equality<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Social justice<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>A world at peace<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Protecting the environment<\/em> \u00bb) orient\u00e9 vers la compr\u00e9hension, l&rsquo;appr\u00e9ciation, la tol\u00e9rance et la protection de tous les \u00eatres humains et de la nature.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conservation (<em>Conservation<\/em>) :<\/strong> Inclut la <em>Tradition<\/em> (\u00ab <em>Respect for tradition<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Devout<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Humble<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Accepting my portion in life<\/em> \u00bb), la <em>Conformit\u00e9<\/em> (\u00ab <em>Obedient<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Politeness<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Self-discipline<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Honoring of parents and elders<\/em> \u00bb), et la <em>S\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/em> (\u00ab <em>Family security<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>National security<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Social order<\/em> \u00bb). Ces valeurs mettent l&rsquo;accent sur l&rsquo;ordre, l&rsquo;autolimitation, la pr\u00e9servation du pass\u00e9 et la stabilit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Affirmation de soi (<em>Self-Enhancement<\/em>) :<\/strong> Englobe le <em>Pouvoir<\/em> (\u00ab <em>Social power<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Wealth<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Authority<\/em> \u00bb) et la <em>R\u00e9ussite<\/em> (\u00ab <em>Successful<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Ambitious<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Capable<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Influential<\/em> \u00bb), ax\u00e9s sur le statut social, la dominance et le succ\u00e8s personnel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ouverture au changement (<em>Openness to Change<\/em>) :<\/strong> Comprend l&rsquo;<em>Autonomie<\/em> (\u00ab <em>Freedom<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Creativity<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Independent<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Choosing own goals<\/em> \u00bb), la <em>Stimulation<\/em> (\u00ab <em>An exciting life<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>A varied life<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Daring<\/em> \u00bb) et l&rsquo;<em>H\u00e9donisme<\/em> (\u00ab <em>Pleasure<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Enjoying life<\/em> \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spiritualit\u00e9 et transcendance :<\/strong> Des items distincts capturent explicitement l&rsquo;orientation spirituelle et l&rsquo;harmonie int\u00e9rieure (\u00ab <em>A spiritual life<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Inner harmony<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Detachment<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Unity with nature<\/em> \u00bb), dimensions qui transcendent souvent la dialectique classique conservation\/ouverture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>5.2. L&rsquo;orientation et la r\u00e9gulation religieuse (Forme courte)<\/h3>\n<p>La forme courte \u00e0 3 items op\u00e9rationnalise la dimension normative et cognitive de la religiosit\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Centralit\u00e9 existentielle de la religion (Item 1) :<\/strong> Mesure le degr\u00e9 auquel l&rsquo;ensemble du projet de vie, les priorit\u00e9s quotidiennes et la vision du monde sont fond\u00e9s sur la croyance religieuse (h\u00e9rit\u00e9 directement de la sous-\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;orientation religieuse intrins\u00e8que d&rsquo;Allport et Ross).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Relativisation de l&rsquo;importance religieuse (Item 2, invers\u00e9) :<\/strong> \u00c9value si la religion entre en concurrence avec d&rsquo;autres sph\u00e8res d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eats s\u00e9culi\u00e8res plus prioritaires, permettant de d\u00e9tecter les adh\u00e9sions religieuses superficielles, conventionnelles ou extrins\u00e8ques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fonction de guidance morale (Item 3) :<\/strong> Issu des travaux de Peter Benson sur le d\u00e9veloppement moral des croyants, cet item mesure l&rsquo;internalisation des principes religieux en tant que crit\u00e8re de discernement du bien et du mal (normativit\u00e9 internalis\u00e9e).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le cadre th\u00e9orique du module des valeurs du MMRS repose sur la convergence de quatre grands courants de la psychologie sociale, de la psychologie de la religion et de la sociologie de la sant\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<h3>6.1. La th\u00e9orie des valeurs humaines fondamentales de Shalom Schwartz<\/h3>\n<p>La conceptualisation de la forme longue s&rsquo;appuie directement sur la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theory_of_Basic_Human_Values\">th\u00e9orie des valeurs humaines fondamentales<\/a> d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Shalom H. Schwartz (1992, 1994). Selon Schwartz, les valeurs repr\u00e9sentent des r\u00e9ponses cognitives ordonn\u00e9es aux trois exigences universelles de l&rsquo;existence humaine : les besoins des individus en tant qu&rsquo;organismes biologiques, les exigences de la coordination sociale, et les besoins de survie et de bien-\u00eatre des groupes. Schwartz a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les valeurs s&rsquo;organisent selon un continuum circulaire o\u00f9 les motivations compatibles sont adjacentes (ex. tradition et conformit\u00e9) et les motivations conflictuelles sont oppos\u00e9es (ex. d\u00e9passement de soi contre affirmation de soi). Ellen Idler et le groupe Fetzer\/NIA ont reconnu que la religiosit\u00e9 s&rsquo;exprime \u00e9lectivement \u00e0 travers certaines r\u00e9gions de ce continuum (notamment la Tradition, la Bienveillance et la Conformit\u00e9) tout en entrant en tension avec l&rsquo;H\u00e9donisme ou la recherche effr\u00e9n\u00e9e de Pouvoir mat\u00e9riel.<\/p>\n<h3>6.2. Le mod\u00e8le de l&rsquo;orientation religieuse d&rsquo;Allport et Ross<\/h3>\n<p>Pour la forme courte, le soubassement th\u00e9orique d\u00e9rive de la distinction cardinale formul\u00e9e par Gordon Allport et J. Michael Ross (1967) entre <strong>religiosit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que<\/strong> et <strong>religiosit\u00e9 extrins\u00e8que<\/strong>. L&rsquo;orientation intrins\u00e8que caract\u00e9rise les individus qui \u00ab vivent \u00bb leur religion : la foi n&rsquo;est pas un moyen au service d&rsquo;autres fins (statut social, confort \u00e9motionnel temporaire, r\u00e9seau d&rsquo;affaires), mais la fin ultime qui subordonne tous les autres d\u00e9sirs. Les items 1 et 2 traduisent pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment cette tension th\u00e9orique entre centralit\u00e9 absolue de la foi et subordination de celle-ci \u00e0 des int\u00e9r\u00eats profanes.<\/p>\n<h3>6.3. La th\u00e9orie du d\u00e9veloppement moral et de la r\u00e9gulation normative<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;int\u00e9gration de la dimension normative par le biais des travaux de Peter Benson et collaborateurs (1993) trouve son ancrage dans la tradition sociologique durkheimienne (Durkheim, 1912). La religion op\u00e8re comme une force r\u00e9gulatrice majeure (<em>social control<\/em> et <em>moral guidance<\/em>) en fournissant un code d\u00e9ontologique int\u00e9rioris\u00e9. Ce cadre th\u00e9orique postule que la clart\u00e9 morale conf\u00e9r\u00e9e par la foi prot\u00e8ge l&rsquo;individu contre l&rsquo;anomie, l&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 d\u00e9cisionnelle et les conflits intrapersonnels d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res pour l&rsquo;axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surr\u00e9nalien et l&rsquo;hom\u00e9ostasie physiologique.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de validit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument ont \u00e9t\u00e9 minutieusement document\u00e9es, en particulier lors de son inclusion dans la cohorte nationale repr\u00e9sentative am\u00e9ricaine du General Social Survey de 1998 (N = 1 445 participants pour le module \u00e9tendu Fetzer) et dans des \u00e9tudes g\u00e9rontologiques et \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques ult\u00e9rieures (Idler et al., 2003, 2004).<\/p>\n<h3>7.1. Validit\u00e9 de construit et validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente de la forme courte (MMRS-V-SF) a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie par des corr\u00e9lations hautement significatives avec les autres domaines du MMRS :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Corr\u00e9lation positive forte avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;exp\u00e9riences spirituelles quotidiennes (<em>Daily Spiritual Experiences<\/em>, r = 0,62 \u00e0 0,71, p &lt; 0,001).<\/li>\n<li>Corr\u00e9lation substantielle avec les pratiques priv\u00e9es de pri\u00e8re et de m\u00e9ditation (r = 0,55 \u00e0 0,64, p &lt; 0,001).<\/li>\n<li>Association robuste avec la fr\u00e9quence de fr\u00e9quentation des lieux de culte (r = 0,48 \u00e0 0,58, p &lt; 0,001).<\/li>\n<li>Corr\u00e9lation \u00e9lev\u00e9e (r &gt; 0,70) avec les versions compl\u00e8tes de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;orientation religieuse intrins\u00e8que de Hoge (1972) et de Feagin (1964).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>7.2. Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes factorielles et de corr\u00e9lations men\u00e9es sur le GSS 1998 ont prouv\u00e9 que le domaine des valeurs se distingue nettement des composantes comportementales pures (participation organisationnelle) et des composantes affectives n\u00e9gatives (<em>Religious Struggle<\/em> \/ conflits religieux). De plus, les corr\u00e9lations avec l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale (Crowne-Marlowe) demeurent faibles \u00e0 mod\u00e9r\u00e9es (r compris entre 0,14 et 0,22), indiquant que les r\u00e9ponses ne refl\u00e8tent pas un simple biais d&rsquo;auto-pr\u00e9sentation favorable.<\/p>\n<h3>7.3. Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive et crit\u00e9ri\u00e9e<\/h3>\n<p>Sur le plan de la sant\u00e9 et du fonctionnement psychologique, les scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s aux valeurs religieuses pr\u00e9disent de mani\u00e8re significative :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Une pr\u00e9valence r\u00e9duite des \u00e9pisodes d\u00e9pressifs majeurs et une symptomatologie anxieuse plus faible mesur\u00e9e par le CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), m\u00eame apr\u00e8s contr\u00f4le des covariables sociod\u00e9mographiques (Idler et al., 2004).<\/li>\n<li>Une propension accrue aux comportements d&rsquo;entraide, au b\u00e9n\u00e9volat communautaire et aux dons caritatifs.<\/li>\n<li>Une meilleure sant\u00e9 subjective auto-\u00e9valu\u00e9e (<em>Self-Rated Health<\/em>) chez les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es souffrant de maladies chroniques invalidantes, les valeurs spirituelles fournissant un cadre interpr\u00e9tatif protecteur qui pr\u00e9serve l&rsquo;estime de soi face au d\u00e9clin physique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du module des valeurs a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations rigoureuses en termes de coh\u00e9rence interne et de stabilit\u00e9 temporelle :<\/p>\n<h3>8.1. Coh\u00e9rence interne (Alpha de Cronbach)<\/h3>\n<p>Pour la <strong>version courte \u00e0 3 items<\/strong> (MMRS-V-SF), en d\u00e9pit du nombre extr\u00eamement restreint d&rsquo;items (ce qui p\u00e9nalise m\u00e9caniquement le calcul de l&rsquo;alpha selon la formule de Spearman-Brown), le coefficient <strong>alpha de Cronbach<\/strong> atteint <strong>0,72<\/strong> dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon probabiliste national du GSS 1998 (Idler et al., 2003). Dans des sous-populations sp\u00e9cifiques (personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, patients atteints de pathologies cardiovasculaires), des coefficients variant entre <strong>0,68 et 0,79<\/strong> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s. Les corr\u00e9lations inter-items moyennes oscillent entre 0,42 et 0,51, ce qui se situe exactement dans la fourchette id\u00e9ale pr\u00e9conis\u00e9e par Clark et Watson (1995) pour attester d&rsquo;une bonne homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 sans redondance s\u00e9mantique excessive.<\/p>\n<p>Pour la <strong>version longue de 56 items<\/strong>, la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 varie selon les sous-\u00e9chelles motivationnelles de Schwartz :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tradition : alpha = 0,76 &#8211; 0,82<\/li>\n<li>Bienveillance : alpha = 0,78 &#8211; 0,84<\/li>\n<li>Universalisme : alpha = 0,80 &#8211; 0,86<\/li>\n<li>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 : alpha = 0,71 &#8211; 0,77<\/li>\n<li>Conformit\u00e9 : alpha = 0,73 &#8211; 0,79<\/li>\n<li>Pouvoir \/ R\u00e9ussite : alpha = 0,77 &#8211; 0,83<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>8.2. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest et stabilit\u00e9 temporelle<\/h3>\n<p>La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle \u00e9valu\u00e9e sur des intervalles de 6 \u00e0 12 mois dans des cohortes longitudinales montre un coefficient de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse (CCI) de <strong>0,74 \u00e0 0,81<\/strong> pour la forme courte, attestant que le MMRS-V-SF capture une orientation dispositionnelle profonde plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;un \u00e9tat d&rsquo;esprit transitoire ou fluctuant.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;examen de l&rsquo;architecture sous-jacente de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 conduit par le biais d&rsquo;analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) et confirmatoires (AFC), tant sur les 56 items que sur la forme courte.<\/p>\n<h3>9.1. Structure de la forme longue (56 items)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse en composantes principales avec rotation orthogonale (Varimax) et oblique (Promax), ainsi que les techniques de positionnement multidimensionnel (<em>Multidimensional Scaling<\/em> &#8211; MDS \/ <em>Smallest Space Analysis<\/em> &#8211; SSA), reproduisent remarquablement la configuration circulaire des dix valeurs universelles identifi\u00e9es par Schwartz. Les items th\u00e9ologiquement orient\u00e9s (\u00ab <em>Devout<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Respect for tradition<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>A spiritual life<\/em> \u00bb) saturent principalement (loadings &gt; 0,60) sur le facteur de Tradition\/Spiritualit\u00e9, tout en corr\u00e9lant n\u00e9gativement ou orthogonalement avec les items h\u00e9donistes (\u00ab <em>Pleasure<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Enjoying life<\/em> \u00bb) et d&rsquo;ambition personnelle (\u00ab <em>Social power<\/em> \u00bb, \u00ab <em>Wealth<\/em> \u00bb).<\/p>\n<h3>9.2. Structure factorielle de la forme courte (3 items)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire men\u00e9e sur les donn\u00e9es du GSS 1998 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le unidimensionnel \u00e0 un seul facteur sous-jacent (\u00ab Salience des valeurs religieuses \u00bb) pr\u00e9sente un ajustement excellent : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\chi^2\/df &lt; 2,0\">$\\chi^2\/df &lt; 2,0$<\/span>, CFI (<em>Comparative Fit Index<\/em>) = 0,992, TLI (<em>Tucker-Lewis Index<\/em>) = 0,985, et RMSEA (<em>Root Mean Square Error of Approximation<\/em>) = 0,038 (IC 90% [0,012 &#8211; 0,064]).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Saturations factorielles standardis\u00e9es :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Item 1 (\u00ab <em>My whole approach to life is based on my religion<\/em> \u00bb) : saturation <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,82\">$lambda = 0,82$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Item 2 (\u00ab <em>Although I believe in my religion, many other things are more important in life<\/em> \u00bb, invers\u00e9) : saturation <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,58\">$lambda = 0,58$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Item 3 (\u00ab <em>My faith helps me know right from wrong<\/em> \u00bb) : saturation <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,74\">$lambda = 0,74$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces indices confirment empiriquement que, malgr\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence de l&rsquo;item invers\u00e9 dont la saturation est mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment plus faible en raison de la variance de m\u00e9thode commune aux formulations n\u00e9gatives, les trois propositions convergent vigoureusement vers un construit latent unique et robuste.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nature de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Questionnaire d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation psychologique et sociologique (papier-crayon, passation informatis\u00e9e en ligne, ou administration par intervieweur en face-\u00e0-face \/ t\u00e9l\u00e9phonique).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Formats disponibles :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Forme longue (MMRS-V-LF) :<\/strong> 56 items r\u00e9pertoriant un catalogue exhaustif de valeurs directrices de vie (adaptation du Schwartz Value Survey pour les \u00e9tudes sur la spiritualit\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Forme courte (MMRS-V-SF) :<\/strong> 3 items cibl\u00e9s \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;orientation religieuse globale et la guidance \u00e9thique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Forme longue (\u00e9chelle asym\u00e9trique en 9 points de Schwartz) :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-1<\/code> = Oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 mes valeurs (<em>Opposed to<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><code>0<\/code> = Sans importance (<em>Not important<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><code>1, 2, 3<\/code> = Important (<em>Important<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><code>4, 5, 6<\/code> = Tr\u00e8s important (<em>Very important<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><code>7<\/code> = D&rsquo;une importance supr\u00eame (<em>Of supreme Importance<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Forme courte (\u00e9chelle de Likert en 5 points) :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><code>1<\/code> = Tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord (<em>Strongly agree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><code>2<\/code> = D&rsquo;accord (<em>Agree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><code>3<\/code> = Pas s\u00fbr \/ Ind\u00e9cis (<em>Not sure<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><code>4<\/code> = En d\u00e9saccord (<em>Disagree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><code>5<\/code> = Tout \u00e0 fait en d\u00e9saccord (<em>Strongly disagree<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps de passation estim\u00e9 :<\/strong> 1 \u00e0 2 minutes pour la forme courte (3 items) ; 12 \u00e0 20 minutes pour la forme longue (56 items).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Proc\u00e9dure de cotation (Forme courte) :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Pour aligner l&rsquo;orientation du score dans le sens d&rsquo;une plus forte religiosit\u00e9 (o\u00f9 une valeur \u00e9lev\u00e9e refl\u00e8te un engagement sup\u00e9rieur), les items 1 et 3 sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement invers\u00e9s (recod\u00e9s : 1 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\">$\\rightarrow$<\/span> 5, 2 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\">$\\rightarrow$<\/span> 4, 3 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\">$\\rightarrow$<\/span> 3, 4 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\">$\\rightarrow$<\/span> 2, 5 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\rightarrow\">$\\rightarrow$<\/span> 1), tandis que l&rsquo;item 2, formul\u00e9 n\u00e9gativement par rapport \u00e0 la primaut\u00e9 religieuse, conserve sa polarit\u00e9 directe ou est harmonis\u00e9 en cons\u00e9quence.<\/li>\n<li>Le score global correspond soit \u00e0 la somme des items recod\u00e9s (score allant de 3 \u00e0 15), soit \u00e0 la moyenne des items (de 1 \u00e0 5).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &#038; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9veloppement :<\/strong> Rapport initial publi\u00e9 en <strong>1999<\/strong> par le groupe de travail Fetzer\/NIA ; monographie de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence r\u00e9vis\u00e9e et diffus\u00e9e en <strong>2003<\/strong> ; validation \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique majeure parue dans <em>Research on Aging<\/em> en <strong>2004<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Droits d&rsquo;auteur et statut l\u00e9gal :<\/strong> Domaine public scientifique (<em>Public Domain<\/em>). Le rapport et les instruments ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des fonds de recherche publics et philanthropiques conjoints de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fetzer.org\/\">Fondation John E. Fetzer<\/a> et du <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/\">National Institute on Aging (NIA \/ NIH)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Utilisation enti\u00e8rement <strong>gratuite<\/strong> et libre de droits pour la recherche scientifique acad\u00e9mique, l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation clinique et l&rsquo;enseignement, sans autorisation pr\u00e9alable requise, sous r\u00e9serve de citer formellement le rapport Fetzer\/NIA (1999\/2003) et l&rsquo;article d&rsquo;Idler et al. (2004). Pour les 56 items de la forme longue issus des travaux de Shalom Schwartz, l&rsquo;utilisation est soumise aux r\u00e8gles standards acad\u00e9miques r\u00e9gissant l&#8217;emploi du <em>Schwartz Value Survey<\/em> (SVS).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les publications de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ci-dessous d\u00e9taillent les fondements th\u00e9oriques, la m\u00e9thodologie de d\u00e9veloppement et les validations empiriques de l&rsquo;instrument :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Allport, G. W., &#038; Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 5(4), 432\u2013443. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0021212\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0021212<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Benson, P. L., Donahue, M. J., &#038; Erickson, J. A. (1993). The Faith Maturity Index: Specification, reliability, and validity. <em>Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion<\/em>, 5, 1\u201326.<\/li>\n<li>Clark, L. A., &#038; Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. <em>Psychological Assessment<\/em>, 7(3), 309\u2013319. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.7.3.309\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.7.3.309<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Durkheim, \u00c9. (1912). <em>Les formes \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires de la vie religieuse<\/em>. F\u00e9lix Alcan.<\/li>\n<li>Fetzer Institute \/ National Institute on Aging Working Group. (1999). <em>Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness\/Spirituality for Use in Health Research: A Report of the Fetzer Institute\/National Institute on Aging Working Group<\/em>. John E. Fetzer Institute. Kalamazoo, MI. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fetzer.org\/resources\/multidimensional-measurement-religiousnessspirituality-use-health-research\">Lien officiel du rapport Fetzer<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Idler, E. L., Ellison, C. G., George, L. K., Krause, N., Levin, J., Ory, M., Pargament, K. I., Powell, L. H., Williams, D. R., Gordon, L., &#038; Musick, M. A. (2003). Values. In <em>Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness\/Spirituality for Use in Health Research<\/em> (pp. 25\u201330). Fetzer Institute \/ National Institute on Aging.<\/li>\n<li>Idler, E. L., Musick, M. A., Ellison, C. G., George, L. K., Krause, N., Ory, M. G., Pargament, K. I., Powell, L. H., Underwood, L. G., &#038; Williams, D. R. (2004). Measuring multiple dimensions of religion and spirituality for health research: Conceptual background and findings from the 1998 General Social Survey. <em>Research on Aging<\/em>, 25(4), 327\u2013365. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0164027503252749\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0164027503252749<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Koenig, H. G., King, D. E., &#038; Carson, V. B. (2012). <em>Handbook of Religion and Health<\/em> (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195335958.001.0001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195335958.001.0001<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pargament, K. I. (1997). <em>The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Theory, Research, Practice<\/em>. Guilford Press.<\/li>\n<li>Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. <em>Advances in Experimental Social Psychology<\/em>, 25, 1\u201365. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60281-6\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60281-6<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? <em>Journal of Social Issues<\/em>, 50(4), 19\u201345. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01196.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01196.x<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Equality (equal opportunity for all)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Inner harmony (at peace with myself)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Social power (control over others\u201a dominance)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Pleasure (gratification of desires)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Freedom (freedom of action and thought)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ A spiritual life (emphasis on spiritual not material matters)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Sense of belonging (feeling that others care about me)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Social order (stability of society)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ An exciting life (stimulating experiences)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Meaning in life (a purpose in life)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Politeness (courtesy\u201a good manners)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Wealth (material possessions\u201a money)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ National security (protection of my nation from enemies)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Self-respect (belief in one\u2019s own worth)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Reciprocation of favors (avoidance of indebtedness)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Creativity (uniqueness\u201a imagination)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ A world at peace (free of war and conflict)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Respect for tradition (preservation of time-honored customs)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Mature love (deep emotional and spiritual intimacy)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Self-discipline (self-restraint\u201a resistance to temptation)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Detachment (from worldly concerns)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Family security (safety for loved ones)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Social recognition (respect\u201a approval by others)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Unity with nature (fitting into nature)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ A varied life (filled with challenge\u201a novelty\u201a and change)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Wisdom (a mature understanding of life)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Authority (the right to lead or command)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ True friendship (close\u201a supportive friends)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ A world of beauty (beauty of nature and the arts)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Social justice (correcting injustice\u201a care for the weak)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Independent (self-reliant\u201a\u00a0self-sufficient)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Moderate (avoiding extremes of feeling and action)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Loyal (faithful to my friends\u201a group)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Ambitious (hardworking\u201a aspiring)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Broad-minded (tolerant of different ideas and beliefs)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Humble (modest\u201a self-effacing)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Daring (seeking adventure\u201a risk)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Protecting the environment (preserving nature)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Influential (ha\u200eving an impact on people and events)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Honoring of parents and elders (showing respect)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Choosing own goals (se\u200electing own purposes)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Healthy (not being sick physically or mentally)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Capable (competent\u201a effective\u201a efficient)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Accepting my portion in life (submitting to life\u2019s circumstances)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Honest (genuine\u201a sincere)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Preserving my public image (protecting my \u201cface\u201d)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Obedient (dutiful\u201a meeting obligations)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Intelligent (logical\u201a thinking)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Helpful (working for the welfare of others)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">50<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Enjoying life (enjoying food\u201a sex\u201a leisure\u201a etc.)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">51<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Devout (holding to religious faith and belief)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">52<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Responsible (dependable\u201a reliable)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">53<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Curious (interested in everything\u201a exploring)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">54<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Forgiving (willing to pardon others)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">55<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Successful (achieving goals)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">56<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">___ Clean (neat\u201a tidy)<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analyse psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9taill\u00e9e de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle des valeurs issue de la Mesure Multidimensionnelle de la Religiosit\u00e9 (MMRS) d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Ellen Idler et le Fetzer Institute \/ NIA.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[5,9067,2],"tags":[15908,15909,15912,16,15907,15911,15910,15898,11798],"class_list":["post-11582","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluation-psychologique","category-psychologie-de-la-religion","category-psychometrie","tag-ellen-idler","tag-fetzer-institute","tag-orientation-religieuse","tag-psychometrie","tag-religiosite","tag-sante-et-religion","tag-schwartz-value-survey","tag-spiritualite","tag-valeurs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11582"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11582\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}