{"id":11463,"date":"2026-09-30T19:08:34","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T19:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/reponse-publicitaire-evoquee-par-la-nostalgie-near\/"},"modified":"2026-09-30T19:08:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T19:08:34","slug":"reponse-publicitaire-evoquee-par-la-nostalgie-near","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=reponse-publicitaire-evoquee-par-la-nostalgie-near","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9ponse publicitaire \u00e9voqu\u00e9e par la nostalgie (NEAR)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de <strong>R\u00e9ponse publicitaire \u00e9voqu\u00e9e par la nostalgie<\/strong> (<em>Nostalgia-Evoked Ad Response<\/em> ou <strong>NEAR<\/strong>), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e initialement par Darrel D. Muehling et David E. Sprott (2004), est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique unidimensionnel compos\u00e9 de dix items con\u00e7u pour mesurer l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9action affective et cognitive nostalgique d\u00e9clench\u00e9e par un stimulus publicitaire. Dans le champ du marketing, de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_du_consommateur\">psychologie du consommateur<\/a> et de la communication persuasive, la nostalgie est d\u00e9finie comme une \u00e9motion douce-am\u00e8re \u00e0 pr\u00e9dominance positive, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une r\u00e9flexion affective sur des \u00e9v\u00e9nements, des personnes, des lieux ou des exp\u00e9riences v\u00e9cues dans le pass\u00e9. L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle NEAR saisit les diff\u00e9rentes facettes ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques de cette \u00e9vocation, notamment les souvenirs agr\u00e9ables, les pens\u00e9es relatives aux jeunes ann\u00e9es, les \u00e9vocations du \u00ab bon vieux temps \u00bb et la r\u00e9activation de sentiments chaleureux.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument s&rsquo;administre via une \u00e9chelle de Likert en 7 points (allant de 1 = \u00ab Fortement en d\u00e9saccord \u00bb \u00e0 7 = \u00ab Fortement en accord \u00bb). Les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques initiales et subs\u00e9quentes rapportent d&rsquo;excellentes qualit\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques, marqu\u00e9es par une consistance interne remarquable (coefficients alpha de Cronbach oscillant syst\u00e9matiquement entre 0,90 et 0,96 selon les \u00e9chantillons \u00e9tudi\u00e9s), une structure factorielle stable attest\u00e9e par analyse factorielle exploratoire et confirmatoire, ainsi qu&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 convergente et pr\u00e9dictive robuste vis-\u00e0-vis de l&rsquo;attitude envers la publicit\u00e9 (Aad), de l&rsquo;attitude envers la marque (Ab) et des intentions comportementales d&rsquo;achat. Cet article propose un examen approfondi de la conceptualisation th\u00e9orique, de la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9, de la validit\u00e9 et des applications de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle NEAR au sein de la recherche acad\u00e9mique contemporaine.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Nostalgie, psychologie du consommateur, publicit\u00e9 nostalgique, \u00e9chelle NEAR, traitement publicitaire, affect, m\u00e9moire autobiographique, psychom\u00e9trie, attitude envers la publicit\u00e9, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle NEAR a \u00e9t\u00e9 conceptualis\u00e9e et valid\u00e9e scientifiquement par :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Darrel D. Muehling<\/strong>, Ph.D. \u2014 Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de marketing au Carson College of Business, Washington State University (Pullman, Washington, \u00c9tats-Unis). Sp\u00e9cialiste renomm\u00e9 des effets publicitaires, de la persuasion et de l&rsquo;impact des \u00e9motions r\u00e9trospectives sur le comportement du consommateur. Courriel institutionnel : <a href=\"mailto:muehling@wsu.edu\">muehling@wsu.edu<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>David E. Sprott<\/strong>, Ph.D. \u2014 Doyen et professeur de marketing \u00e0 la Peter T. Paul College of Business and Economics, University of New Hampshire (Durham, New Hampshire, \u00c9tats-Unis), ancien titulaire de chaire \u00e0 la Washington State University. Ses travaux portent sur le comportement d&rsquo;achat, l&rsquo;image de marque, l&rsquo;influence sociale et la psychom\u00e9trie appliqu\u00e9e au marketing. Courriel institutionnel : <a href=\"mailto:david.sprott@unh.edu\">david.sprott@unh.edu<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif principal de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de r\u00e9ponse publicitaire \u00e9voqu\u00e9e par la nostalgie (NEAR) est de quantifier empiriquement le degr\u00e9 auquel une communication publicitaire induit chez l&rsquo;individu un \u00e9tat affectif et cognitif de nature nostalgique. Historiquement, l&rsquo;utilisation de rep\u00e8res temporels r\u00e9trogrades, d&rsquo;esth\u00e9tiques \u00ab vintage \u00bb, de musiques d&rsquo;\u00e9poque ou de r\u00e9f\u00e9rences culturelles anciennes est une pratique courante dans l&rsquo;industrie publicitaire. Cependant, avant les travaux formalis\u00e9s de Muehling et Sprott (2004), la mesure de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de ces stimuli reposait fr\u00e9quemment sur des instruments ad hoc ou sur des indicateurs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux d&rsquo;attitude, incapables de distinguer une \u00e9motion nostalgique authentique d&rsquo;une simple appr\u00e9ciation esth\u00e9tique ou d&rsquo;une humeur positive globale.<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;un point de vue fondamental et exp\u00e9rimental, l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle NEAR a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour tester les m\u00e9canismes de m\u00e9diation psychologique qui sous-tendent les effets de la nostalgie. La question centrale pos\u00e9e par les chercheurs \u00e9tait de savoir si l&rsquo;activation de la m\u00e9moire r\u00e9trospective mobilise des ressources attentionnelles sp\u00e9cifiques et favorise l&rsquo;apparition de pens\u00e9es auto-r\u00e9f\u00e9rentes (<em>self-referencing<\/em>). En psychologie cognitive et sociale, le traitement auto-r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel d\u00e9signe la tendance d&rsquo;un individu \u00e0 relier une information entrante \u00e0 ses propres sch\u00e9mas de soi et \u00e0 son histoire personnelle. L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle NEAR permet de v\u00e9rifier exp\u00e9rimentalement si la manipulation d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e9ments publicitaires (visuels d&rsquo;archives, th\u00e9matiques familiales anciennes, emballages d&rsquo;\u00e9poque) stimule effectivement un \u00e9tat interne o\u00f9 l&rsquo;individu revit subjectivement ses exp\u00e9riences pass\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Les applications de l&rsquo;instrument sont multiples :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Recherche fondamentale en psychologie du consommateur :<\/strong> Mod\u00e9lisation des voies de persuasion selon les mod\u00e8les \u00e0 double processus (tels que l&rsquo;<em>Elaboration Likelihood Model<\/em> ou ELM de Petty et Cacioppo), o\u00f9 la nostalgie peut agir soit comme une variable p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique \u00e9motionnelle, soit comme un facilitateur d&rsquo;un traitement central centr\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;identit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e9-tests publicitaires et audit de marque (copy-testing) :<\/strong> \u00c9valuation de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 relative de diff\u00e9rentes versions d&rsquo;un message afin de s&rsquo;assurer que le contenu suscite bien le niveau d&rsquo;\u00e9vocation nostalgique escompt\u00e9 sans d\u00e9river vers une m\u00e9lancolie excessive ou un sentiment de d\u00e9connexion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9tudes comparatives interg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelles :<\/strong> Analyse des r\u00e9ponses diff\u00e9rentielles entre cohortes d\u00e9mographiques (ex. baby-boomers versus g\u00e9n\u00e9ration Y ou Z) face \u00e0 la \u00ab nostalgie personnelle \u00bb (exp\u00e9riences r\u00e9ellement v\u00e9cues) par rapport \u00e0 la \u00ab nostalgie historique \u00bb (\u00e9poque id\u00e9alis\u00e9e non v\u00e9cue directement).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit mesur\u00e9 par l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle NEAR est la <strong>r\u00e9ponse affective nostalgique induite par la publicit\u00e9<\/strong>. Bien que conceptualis\u00e9e comme une mesure unidimensionnelle globale de l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 de cette r\u00e9ponse, l&rsquo;analyse d\u00e9taill\u00e9e des items r\u00e9v\u00e8le que l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle embrasse les composantes fondamentales de la ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologie de la nostalgie telles que document\u00e9es dans la litt\u00e9rature psychologique contemporaine (Sedikides et al., 2008 ; Wildschut et al., 2006).<\/p>\n<h3>1. La r\u00e9activation de souvenirs \u00e9pisodiques et autobiographiques<\/h3>\n<p>La nostalgie implique obligatoirement une composante mn\u00e9sique. Les items tels que \u00ab <em>The ad brought back pleasant memories<\/em> \u00bb et \u00ab <em>The ad reminded me of past times<\/em> \u00bb capturent l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s direct aux traces mn\u00e9siques stock\u00e9es dans la m\u00e9moire \u00e9pisodique. Il ne s&rsquo;agit pas d&rsquo;une simple rem\u00e9moration s\u00e9mantique neutre, mais d&rsquo;un rev\u00e9cu ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique conscient au cours duquel le consommateur r\u00e9active des \u00e9pisodes pr\u00e9cis de sa vie ant\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n<h3>2. L&rsquo;id\u00e9alisation r\u00e9trospective (\u00ab The Good Old Days \u00bb)<\/h3>\n<p>Un trait distinctif de la nostalgie est la tendance \u00e0 valoriser le pass\u00e9 par rapport au pr\u00e9sent, processus parfois qualifi\u00e9 de \u00ab d\u00e9coloration r\u00e9trospective \u00bb du n\u00e9gatif (<em>fading affect bias<\/em>). L&rsquo;item \u00ab <em>The ad made me think of the <\/p>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> Please indicate your level of agreement with each of the following statements regarding the advertisement you just viewed:\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> 7-point Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree, 7 = Strongly Agree)\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> All items are positively worded and scored directly. The overall score is calculated as the mean or sum across all 10 items, with higher scores reflecting higher levels of nostalgia evoked by the advertisement.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The ad brought back pleasant memories.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The ad reminded me of past times.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The ad made me feel nostalgic.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The ad made me think of the &quot;good old days.&quot;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The ad reminded me of people I once knew.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The ad reminded me of places I&#039;ve been.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The ad reminded me of things I used to do.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The ad made me think of my younger days.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The ad made me feel sentimental.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">The ad reminded me of warm feelings from the past.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Examen psychom\u00e9trique complet de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle Nostalgia-Evoked Ad Response (NEAR) d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par Muehling et Sprott (2004) : structure factorielle, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9, validit\u00e9 et items originaux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[165,852,2],"tags":[3721,2585,6666,15554,15601,2664,16,2614,15602],"class_list":["post-11463","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-devaluation","category-psychologie-du-consommateur","category-psychometrie","tag-affect","tag-consommateur","tag-memoire","tag-muehling","tag-near","tag-nostalgie","tag-psychometrie","tag-publicite","tag-sprott"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11463"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11463\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}