{"id":11313,"date":"2026-09-30T14:57:42","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T14:57:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/test-empathisation-systematisation\/"},"modified":"2026-09-30T14:57:42","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T14:57:42","slug":"test-empathisation-systematisation","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=test-empathisation-systematisation","title":{"rendered":"Test d&rsquo;Empathisation-Syst\u00e9matisation"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Test d&rsquo;Empathisation-Syst\u00e9matisation<\/strong> (couramment d\u00e9sign\u00e9 sous le sigle composite <em>EQ-SQ<\/em> pour <em>Empathy Quotient &#8211; Systemizing Quotient<\/em>) constitue un instrument psychom\u00e9trique d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation combin\u00e9, \u00e9labor\u00e9 pour op\u00e9rationnaliser la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9orie_empathisation-syst%C3%A9matisation\">th\u00e9orie Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S)<\/a> formul\u00e9e par le professeur Simon Baron-Cohen et ses collaborateurs du <em>Autism Research Centre<\/em> de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Cambridge. Cet outil standardis\u00e9 de 120 items fusionne l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation du Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie (EQ) et du Quotient de Syst\u00e9matisation (SQ), compl\u00e9t\u00e9s par des items de contr\u00f4le et de diversion destin\u00e9s \u00e0 minimiser les biais de d\u00e9sirabilit\u00e9 sociale et de r\u00e9ponse machinale.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument mesure deux dimensions cognitives et dispositionnelles ind\u00e9pendantes fondamentales chez l&rsquo;\u00eatre humain : d&rsquo;une part, l&rsquo;<strong>empathisation<\/strong> (E), d\u00e9finie comme l&rsquo;aptitude et la motivation spontan\u00e9e \u00e0 identifier les \u00e9tats mentaux et \u00e9motionnels d&rsquo;autrui, \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire leurs comportements et \u00e0 y r\u00e9pondre par une r\u00e9action affective adapt\u00e9e ; d&rsquo;autre part, la <strong>syst\u00e9matisation<\/strong> (S), conceptualis\u00e9e comme l&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat et la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 analyser les r\u00e8gles qui r\u00e9gissent des syst\u00e8mes non sociaux (m\u00e9caniques, physiques, naturels, abstraits ou organisationnels), \u00e0 en d\u00e9duire les lois invariantes et \u00e0 concevoir ou manipuler de tels syst\u00e8mes. Les r\u00e9pondants \u00e9valuent leur degr\u00e9 d&rsquo;accord sur une \u00e9chelle de Likert en 4 points (1 = <em>Strongly disagree<\/em>, 2 = <em>Disagree<\/em>, 3 = <em>Agree<\/em>, 4 = <em>Strongly agree<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan psychom\u00e9trique, le test pr\u00e9sente une coh\u00e9rence interne robuste, avec des indices alpha de Cronbach oscillant habituellement entre 0,85 et 0,92 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&#8217;empathie, et entre 0,78 et 0,88 pour l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de syst\u00e9matisation. La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest \u00e0 moyen terme (r &gt; 0,80) confirme la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle de ces profils cognitifs. L&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirme la quasi-orthogonalit\u00e9 des deux construits dans la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, permettant de classifier les individus en cinq profils distincts (Type B, Type E, Type S, Type E extr\u00eame et Type S extr\u00eame). Utilis\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on transversale dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude des troubles du spectre de l&rsquo;autisme (TSA), des variations de personnalit\u00e9 et des diff\u00e9rences sexuelles cognitives, le test repr\u00e9sente une pierre angulaire de la neuropsychologie diff\u00e9rentielle contemporaine.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Empathisation, syst\u00e9matisation, Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie, Quotient de Syst\u00e9matisation, Simon Baron-Cohen, spectre de l&rsquo;autisme, th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;esprit, cognition sociale, psychom\u00e9trie diff\u00e9rentielle, diff\u00e9rences intersexes, profil cognitif, neurodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement initial des \u00e9chelles composant le Test d&rsquo;Empathisation-Syst\u00e9matisation a \u00e9t\u00e9 dirig\u00e9 par le Professeur <strong>Simon Baron-Cohen<\/strong> et sa principale collaboratrice de recherche clinique, <strong>Sally Wheelwright<\/strong>, au sein de l&rsquo;<strong>Autism Research Centre (ARC)<\/strong>, rattach\u00e9 au <em>Department of Psychiatry<\/em> de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Cambridge (Royaume-Uni).<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;autres co-chercheurs ont apport\u00e9 des contributions d\u00e9cisives \u00e0 l&rsquo;analyse empirique, \u00e0 la validation factorielle et \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation des versions int\u00e9gr\u00e9es et abr\u00e9g\u00e9es :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Jennifer Richler<\/strong> \u2014 Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dipti Bisarya<\/strong> \u2014 Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Niranjan Gurunathan<\/strong> \u2014 Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Akio Wakabayashi<\/strong> \u2014 Department of Psychology, Chiba University, Japon (sp\u00e9cialiste de la structure factorielle et de la standardisation transcontinentale).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nevena Goldenfeld, Jacqueline Delaney, Daniel Fine, Rebecca Smith et Leila Weil<\/strong> \u2014 Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les correspondances scientifiques institutionnelles relatives aux versions originales sont h\u00e9berg\u00e9es par le portail officiel de l&rsquo;Autism Research Centre : <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.autismresearchcentre.com\">www.autismresearchcentre.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Objectif<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du Test d&rsquo;Empathisation-Syst\u00e9matisation (EQ-SQ) est de quantifier de mani\u00e8re op\u00e9rationnelle, standardis\u00e9e et objective la position d&rsquo;un individu le long de deux axes majeurs de fonctionnement psychologique et cognitif : la disposition \u00e0 l&#8217;empathie interpersonnelle et la tendance \u00e0 la syst\u00e9matisation d&rsquo;objets, de processus et d&rsquo;environnements r\u00e9gl\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<h3>Applications en recherche fondamentale et clinique<\/h3>\n<p>Dans le domaine clinique, l&rsquo;EQ-SQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 express\u00e9ment formul\u00e9 pour caract\u00e9riser le ph\u00e9notype cognitif des personnes diagnostiqu\u00e9es avec le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syndrome_d%27Asperger\">syndrome d&rsquo;Asperger<\/a> ou un autisme de haut niveau (actuellement class\u00e9s dans les troubles du spectre de l&rsquo;autisme sans d\u00e9ficience intellectuelle selon le DSM-5). Les protocoles cliniques utilisent ces mesures pour quantifier les difficult\u00e9s socio-communicatives persistantes d&rsquo;une part, et l&rsquo;attention aigu\u00eb aux d\u00e9tails, l&rsquo;attrait pour la pr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 et les int\u00e9r\u00eats restreints et hautement structur\u00e9s d&rsquo;autre part. L&rsquo;outil s&rsquo;av\u00e8re pr\u00e9cieux dans le cadre du diagnostic diff\u00e9rentiel \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge adulte, o\u00f9 l&rsquo;effet de camouflage social peut masquer les alt\u00e9rations spontan\u00e9es de la cognition socio-affective.<\/p>\n<p>En psychologie diff\u00e9rentielle et cognitive, le test permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tudier la distribution normale des styles cognitifs au sein de la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, d&rsquo;explorer les corr\u00e9lats neurobiologiques (tels que l&rsquo;exposition pr\u00e9natale aux androg\u00e8nes mesur\u00e9e par le ratio 2D:4D ou la structure neuroanatomique par imagerie par r\u00e9sonance magn\u00e9tique) et de comprendre les choix de cursus universitaires ou d&rsquo;orientations professionnelles (par exemple, la surrepr\u00e9sentation des profils \u00e0 forte syst\u00e9matisation dans les disciplines STEM : sciences, technologies, ing\u00e9nierie et math\u00e9matiques).<\/p>\n<h3>Justification th\u00e9orique et utilit\u00e9 combinatoire<\/h3>\n<p>Avant la formalisation de cette double \u00e9valuation, la litt\u00e9rature en psychom\u00e9trie s\u00e9parait fr\u00e9quemment l&rsquo;analyse des comp\u00e9tences \u00e9motionnelles (examin\u00e9es au moyen de questionnaires de personnalit\u00e9 comme le NEP-PI-R ou l&rsquo;Interpersonal Reactivity Index) des aptitudes analytiques (\u00e9valu\u00e9es par des tests de QI non verbal ou de raisonnement m\u00e9canique). L&rsquo;apport m\u00e9thodologique central de Baron-Cohen r\u00e9side dans la postulation que l&#8217;empathisation et la syst\u00e9matisation ne sont pas de simples aptitudes mesur\u00e9es par la performance, mais des moteurs motivationnels et attentionnels intrins\u00e8ques. La mise en regard de ces deux vecteurs au sein d&rsquo;une passation unique de 120 items permet de calculer le score de discordance (<em>discrepancy score<\/em> ou score D), qui situe l&rsquo;individu non pas sur une \u00e9chelle unidimensionnelle de pathologie, mais dans un espace psychologique bidimensionnel articul\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique<\/h2>\n<p>Le Test d&rsquo;Empathisation-Syst\u00e9matisation repose sur deux construits cardinaux distincts et psychom\u00e9triquement ind\u00e9pendants :<\/p>\n<h3>1. L&rsquo;Empathisation (EQ &#8211; Empathy Quotient)<\/h3>\n<p>L&#8217;empathisation englobe une constellation complexe de processus cognitifs et affectifs. Elle se d\u00e9compose g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en deux piliers interactifs :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>L&#8217;empathie cognitive (Theory of Mind ou Th\u00e9orie de l&rsquo;Esprit) :<\/strong> La capacit\u00e9 intellectuelle \u00e0 d\u00e9coder les signaux sociaux non verbaux (expressions faciales, posture corporelle, inflexion de la voix), \u00e0 attribuer avec exactitude des \u00e9tats mentaux, des intentions, des d\u00e9sirs ou des croyances \u00e0 un interlocuteur, et \u00e0 adopter sa perspective sans confusion \u00e9gocentrique (par exemple, <em>Item 4 : \u00ab I can tell if someone is masking their true emotion \u00bb<\/em> ; <em>Item 13 : \u00ab I find it easy to put myself in somebody else&rsquo;s shoes \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>L&#8217;empathie affective ou r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle :<\/strong> L&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience vicariante d&rsquo;un \u00e9tat affectif en \u00e9cho \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9motion d&rsquo;autrui, coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 une inclination prosociale favorisant le r\u00e9confort et la sollicitude (par exemple, <em>Item 39 : \u00ab I get upset if I see people suffering on news programmes \u00bb<\/em> ; <em>Item 54 : \u00ab It upsets me to see an animal in pain \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Contrairement aux tests d&#8217;empathie classiques focalis\u00e9s uniquement sur la sympathie ou la d\u00e9tresse personnelle, l&rsquo;EQ mesure l&rsquo;efficience spontan\u00e9e et implicite de l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e en r\u00e9sonance sociale. Un score faible n&rsquo;indique pas n\u00e9cessairement de la malveillance, mais un d\u00e9ficit d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s intuitif et automatis\u00e9 aux codes relationnels (<em>Item 67 : \u00ab I often find it difficult to judge if something is rude or polite \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>2. La Syst\u00e9matisation (SQ &#8211; Systemizing Quotient)<\/h3>\n<p>La syst\u00e9matisation d\u00e9crit la tendance motivationnelle et la capacit\u00e9 op\u00e9ratoire \u00e0 analyser, construire, pr\u00e9dire et contr\u00f4ler des syst\u00e8mes. Un syst\u00e8me est d\u00e9fini par Baron-Cohen comme toute structure r\u00e9gie par des r\u00e8gles associant des entr\u00e9es (<em>inputs<\/em>), des op\u00e9rations r\u00e9gul\u00e9es et des sorties (<em>outputs<\/em>) selon la logique : <em>\u00ab Si condition A, alors r\u00e9sultat B \u00bb<\/em>. L&rsquo;instrument explore six grands domaines de syst\u00e8mes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Syst\u00e8mes techniques et m\u00e9caniques :<\/strong> Compr\u00e9hension des m\u00e9canismes internes d&rsquo;engins, d&rsquo;outils ou d&rsquo;appareils \u00e9lectroniques (<em>Item 10 : \u00ab I am fascinated by how machines work \u00bb<\/em> ; <em>Item 45 : \u00ab If I were buying a computer, I would want to know exact details about its hard drive capacity and processor speed \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Syst\u00e8mes naturels et biologiques :<\/strong> Observation m\u00e9thodique des lois de la flore, de la faune, de la m\u00e9t\u00e9orologie ou de la g\u00e9ologie (<em>Item 51 : \u00ab When I am walking in the country, I am curious about how the various kinds of trees differ \u00bb<\/em> ; <em>Item 98 : \u00ab When I look at a mountain, I think about how precisely it was formed \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Syst\u00e8mes abstraits et formels :<\/strong> Structures math\u00e9matiques, logiques, r\u00e8gles de syntaxe grammaticale et syst\u00e8mes de codage (<em>Item 20 : \u00ab When I read something, I always notice whether it is grammatically correct \u00bb<\/em> ; <em>Item 50 : \u00ab In maths, I am intrigued by the rules and patterns governing numbers \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Syst\u00e8mes organisationnels et taxinomiques :<\/strong> Classement d&rsquo;informations, catalogues, collectionnisme rigoureux et cartographie (<em>Item 55 : \u00ab When I read the newspaper, I am drawn to tables of information&#8230; \u00bb<\/em> ; <em>Item 111 : \u00ab If I had a collection&#8230; it would be highly organized \u00bb<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Syst\u00e8mes moteurs et praxiques :<\/strong> Analyse s\u00e9quentielle des gestes techniques dans le bricolage, le sport ou le jeu d&rsquo;instruments.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Syst\u00e8mes sociaux formalis\u00e9s :<\/strong> R\u00e8glements juridiques, constitutions \u00e9lectorales ou hi\u00e9rarchies institutionnelles (<em>Item 32 : \u00ab When an election is being held, I am not interested in the results for each constituency \u00bb<\/em> [invers\u00e9]).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. Items de contr\u00f4le et de diversion<\/h3>\n<p>Le questionnaire de 120 items comprend \u00e9galement des items dits \u00ab de remplissage \u00bb (<em>filler items<\/em>), con\u00e7us pour d\u00e9tourner l&rsquo;attention du r\u00e9pondant quant \u00e0 la dichotomie affective\/technique du test et pour rep\u00e9rer les patrons de r\u00e9ponses al\u00e9atoires ou impulsives (par exemple, <em>Item 1 : \u00ab I often make resolutions, but find it hard to stick to them \u00bb<\/em> ; <em>Item 41 : \u00ab I dream most nights \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;assise conceptuelle du test repose sur deux formulations th\u00e9oriques majeures \u00e9labor\u00e9es par Simon Baron-Cohen au confluent des neurosciences, de la psychologie \u00e9volutionniste et de la psychopathologie du d\u00e9veloppement :<\/p>\n<h3>La th\u00e9orie Empathisation-Syst\u00e9matisation (E-S)<\/h3>\n<p>La th\u00e9orie E-S stipule que le cerveau humain fait face \u00e0 deux mondes radicalement diff\u00e9rents. Le premier est le monde physique et inanim\u00e9, r\u00e9gi par des principes causaux d\u00e9terministes et lin\u00e9aires (parfaitement abordable par la syst\u00e9matisation). Le second est le monde social et interpersonnel, habit\u00e9 par des agents autonomes dont les actions d\u00e9pendent d&rsquo;\u00e9tats internes invisibles (croyances, d\u00e9sirs, peurs, tromperies), soumis \u00e0 des dynamiques non lin\u00e9aires et contextuelles qui rendent la syst\u00e9matisation inop\u00e9rante. Pour naviguer efficacement dans le monde social, le sujet doit d\u00e9ployer l&#8217;empathisation. Selon Baron-Cohen, chaque \u00eatre humain poss\u00e8de un profil cognitif individuel d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par l&rsquo;\u00e9cart relatif entre son niveau d&#8217;empathisation et son niveau de syst\u00e9matisation.<\/p>\n<h3>Classification en cinq profils c\u00e9r\u00e9braux (Brain Types)<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c0 partir du score D (diff\u00e9rence standardis\u00e9e <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"D = (S - \\overline{S})\/\\sigma_S - (E - \\overline{E})\/\\sigma_E\">$D = (S &#8211; \\overline{S})\/\\sigma_S &#8211; (E &#8211; \\overline{E})\/\\sigma_E$<\/span>), la th\u00e9orie formalise cinq profils fondamentaux :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Type E (Empathisant) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"E &gt; S\">$E > S$<\/span>. L&#8217;empathisation est significativement plus d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e que la syst\u00e9matisation. Fr\u00e9quent statistiquement chez les femmes dans la plupart des cohortes empiriques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type S (Syst\u00e9matiseur) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"S &gt; E\">$S > E$<\/span>. La syst\u00e9matisation domine nettement les capacit\u00e9s de traitement empathique. Profil observ\u00e9 avec une fr\u00e9quence sup\u00e9rieure chez les hommes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type B (\u00c9quilibr\u00e9 \/ Balanced) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"E \\approx S\">$E \\approx S$<\/span>. Les deux processus sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s \u00e0 un degr\u00e9 \u00e9quivalent d&rsquo;efficience.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type E extr\u00eame :<\/strong> Empathisation exceptionnellement \u00e9lev\u00e9e coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 une syst\u00e9matisation tr\u00e8s faible ou d\u00e9ficitaire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Type S extr\u00eame (The Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism) :<\/strong> Syst\u00e9matisation intacte, voire surd\u00e9velopp\u00e9e (hypersyst\u00e9matisation), coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 des scores d&#8217;empathisation significativement inf\u00e9rieurs aux moyennes populationnelles. Selon cette th\u00e9orie formul\u00e9e dans l&rsquo;ouvrage <em>The Essential Difference<\/em> (Baron-Cohen, 2003), l&rsquo;autisme correspondrait \u00e0 une exacerbation extr\u00eame des traits cognitifs typiquement masculins pouss\u00e9s \u00e0 leur paroxysme adaptatif et fonctionnel.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques du Test d&rsquo;Empathisation-Syst\u00e9matisation ont fait l&rsquo;objet de validations extensives aupr\u00e8s de milliers d&rsquo;individus, tant neurotypiques qu&rsquo;autistes, \u00e0 travers de multiples cultures (\u00e9chantillons britanniques, am\u00e9ricains, n\u00e9erlandais, fran\u00e7ais, japonais).<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et diff\u00e9rences de groupe<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de construit est \u00e9tay\u00e9e par les diff\u00e9rences robustes observ\u00e9es syst\u00e9matiquement entre groupes cliniques et groupes contr\u00f4les. Dans les \u00e9tudes initiales de Baron-Cohen et Wheelwright (2004) et Baron-Cohen et al. (2003), les adultes pr\u00e9sentant un syndrome d&rsquo;Asperger ou un autisme de haut niveau affichent des scores moyens \u00e0 l&rsquo;EQ significativement inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux des t\u00e9moins neurotypiques (moyenne EQ clinique <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\approx 20,4 \\pm 8,5\">$\\approx 20,4 \\pm 8,5$<\/span> contre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\approx 42,1 \\pm 10,6\">$\\approx 42,1 \\pm 10,6$<\/span> pour les t\u00e9moins ; $p < 0,0001<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"). \u00c0 l&#039;inverse, leurs scores au SQ sont significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s que ceux des t\u00e9moins de m\u00eame sexe (moyenne SQ clinique\">$). \u00c0 l&rsquo;inverse, leurs scores au SQ sont significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s que ceux des t\u00e9moins de m\u00eame sexe (moyenne SQ clinique$<\/span>approx 35,7 pm 15,3$ contre <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\approx 30,3 \\pm 11,5\">$\\approx 30,3 \\pm 11,5$<\/span> chez les hommes contr\u00f4les et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\approx 24,1 \\pm 9,5\">$\\approx 24,1 \\pm 9,5$<\/span> chez les femmes contr\u00f4les ; <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"d \\text{ de Cohen} &gt; 0,80\">$d \\text{ de Cohen} > 0,80$<\/span>).<\/p>\n<h3>Diff\u00e9rences sexu\u00e9es normatives<\/h3>\n<p>Dans la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale neurotypique, les femmes obtiennent de mani\u00e8re reproductible des scores moyens \u00e0 l&rsquo;EQ sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux des hommes ($p < 0,001<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\", taille d&#039;effet moyenne comprise entre\">$, taille d&rsquo;effet moyenne comprise entre$<\/span>d = 0,50$ et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"d = 0,70\">$d = 0,70$<\/span>), tandis que les hommes surclassent significativement les femmes sur l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle SQ (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"d = 0,40\">$d = 0,40$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,60$). Ces observations corroborent l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se de l&rsquo;influence biologique et d\u00e9veloppementale diff\u00e9rentielle sur les styles cognitifs.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle EQ corr\u00e8le positivement et significativement avec d&rsquo;autres mesures valid\u00e9es de cognition socio-affective :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;indice de prise de perspective (<em>Perspective Taking<\/em>) et la pr\u00e9occupation empathique (<em>Empathic Concern<\/em>) de l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interpersonal_Reactivity_Index\">Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)<\/a> de Davis (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,55\">$r = 0,55$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,68$).<\/li>\n<li>Les performances au test des yeux (<em>Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test<\/em> ; <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,35\">$r = 0,35$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,45$).<\/li>\n<li>Une corr\u00e9lation inverse marqu\u00e9e avec le Quotient du Spectre Autistique (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Autism_Spectrum_Quotient\">Autism-Spectrum Quotient &#8211; AQ<\/a> ; <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = -0,50\">$r = -0,50$<\/span> \u00e0 <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"-0,62\">$-0,62$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle SQ montre quant \u00e0 elle une corr\u00e9lation convergente mod\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 forte avec les mesures d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eats m\u00e9caniques et d&rsquo;aptitude au raisonnement spatial (Mental Rotation Test, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,30\">$r = 0,30$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,40$), ainsi qu&rsquo;avec les sous-\u00e9chelles de d\u00e9tail et d&rsquo;attention focalis\u00e9e de l&rsquo;AQ.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>La corr\u00e9lation inter-\u00e9chelles entre l&rsquo;EQ total et le SQ total au sein de la population g\u00e9n\u00e9rale est tr\u00e8s faible \u00e0 quasi nulle (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = -0,10\">$r = -0,10$<\/span> \u00e0 $0,05$, non significative dans la plupart des cohortes non cliniques), ce qui confirme empiriquement la stricte ind\u00e9pendance dimensionnelle des deux construits : \u00eatre hautement empathique n&rsquo;inhibe pas intrins\u00e8quement la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 syst\u00e9matiser, et r\u00e9ciproquement.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique de l&rsquo;instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9e au travers de la consistance interne de chaque \u00e9chelle et de la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle par test-retest.<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne<\/h3>\n<p>Dans les larges \u00e9chantillons normatifs (notamment l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de Wakabayashi et al., 2006 sur plus de 1 200 participants, et les cohortes en ligne de plus de 4 000 sujets) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle EQ (Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie) :<\/strong> Le coefficient alpha de Cronbach oscille de fa\u00e7on constante entre <strong>0,85 et 0,92<\/strong>, t\u00e9moignant d&rsquo;une excellente homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des items explorant la sensibilit\u00e9 socio-\u00e9motionnelle et la compr\u00e9hension d&rsquo;autrui.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle SQ (Quotient de Syst\u00e9matisation) :<\/strong> L&rsquo;alpha de Cronbach se situe g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre <strong>0,79 et 0,88<\/strong>, ce qui d\u00e9montre une bonne coh\u00e9rence interne malgr\u00e9 la dispersion d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e des domaines techniques, biologiques et abstraits interrog\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de suivi r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur des intervalles de 3 \u00e0 12 mois aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;\u00e9tudiants et d&rsquo;adultes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le coefficient de corr\u00e9lation test-retest pour l&rsquo;EQ est de <strong>r = 0,83 \u00e0 0,87<\/strong> ($p < 0,001$).<\/li>\n<li>Le coefficient test-retest pour le SQ atteint <strong>r = 0,81 \u00e0 0,85<\/strong> ($p < 0,001$).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces donn\u00e9es attestent que l&rsquo;instrument capture des traits cognitivo-personnels stables dans le temps plut\u00f4t que des \u00e9tats affectifs transitoires ou fluctuants.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle<\/h2>\n<p>La structure dimensionnelle du test combin\u00e9 de 120 items et de ses composantes a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9e via des analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) \u00e0 extraction en composantes principales avec rotation oblique (Promax\/Oblimin) et confirmatoires (AFC).<\/p>\n<h3>Structure factorielle de l&rsquo;EQ<\/h3>\n<p>Bien que con\u00e7u initialement comme une mesure globale unifactorielle, les travaux factoriels de Muncer et Ling (2006), Lawrence et al. (2004) et Wakabayashi et al. (2006) isolent de fa\u00e7on reproductible <strong>trois facteurs sous-jacents<\/strong> pour le Quotient d&rsquo;Empathie :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Empathie cognitive (Perspective-taking) :<\/strong> Items refl\u00e9tant l&rsquo;habilet\u00e9 \u00e0 comprendre spontan\u00e9ment ce que ressent ou pense l&rsquo;autre (ex. items 26, 65, 104).<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle (Emotional Reactivity) :<\/strong> Items mesurant la sensibilit\u00e9 affective en miroir face \u00e0 la d\u00e9tresse d&rsquo;autrui (ex. items 39, 54, 94).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Comp\u00e9tences sociales (Social Skills \/ Intuition) :<\/strong> Items captant la facilit\u00e9 \u00e0 s&rsquo;ins\u00e9rer dans des interactions de groupe sans malaise (ex. items 71, 96, 110).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Structure factorielle du SQ<\/h3>\n<p>Pour le Quotient de Syst\u00e9matisation, l&rsquo;analyse multivari\u00e9e r\u00e9v\u00e8le une structure multidimensionnelle de second ordre regroupant quatre \u00e0 six composantes primaires :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Technicit\u00e9 et m\u00e9canique :<\/strong> Int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les rouages des machines, les ordinateurs, l&rsquo;\u00e9lectronique (ex. items 10, 45, 59).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Syst\u00e8mes naturels et g\u00e9ophysiques :<\/strong> Curiosit\u00e9 taxinomique envers la biologie, la topographie, la m\u00e9t\u00e9o (ex. items 51, 61, 93, 98).<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e8gles abstraites et structures formelles :<\/strong> Passion pour les r\u00e9gularit\u00e9s num\u00e9riques, les structures grammaticales et logiques (ex. items 20, 50, 63).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Organisation spatiale et s\u00e9quentialit\u00e9 :<\/strong> Rigueur des classements, planification, d\u00e9codage de r\u00e9seaux routiers ou ferroviaires (ex. items 70, 77, 111).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire conjointe (EQ + SQ) atteste que les saturations crois\u00e9es sont minimales (< 0,20), confirmant la pertinence d'un mod\u00e8le bifactoriel orthogonal o\u00f9 les dimensions sociale et analytique repr\u00e9sentent des axes orthogonaux de l'esprit humain.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nature de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation (<em>self-report questionnaire<\/em>) combin\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 120 items d\u00e9claratifs (comprenant les items de l&rsquo;EQ, du SQ et les items de diversion).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format des r\u00e9ponses :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle ordinale en 4 points (format \u00e0 choix forc\u00e9 sans point m\u00e9dian neutre) :\n<ul>\n<li><em>1 &#8211; Strongly disagree<\/em> (Pas du tout d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li><em>2 &#8211; Disagree<\/em> (Plut\u00f4t pas d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li><em>3 &#8211; Agree<\/em> (Plut\u00f4t d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<li><em>4 &#8211; Strongly agree<\/em> (Tout \u00e0 fait d&rsquo;accord)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modalit\u00e9s de cotation standard :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Dans la m\u00e9thodologie originale de Baron-Cohen, chaque item cible (qu&rsquo;il soit positif ou invers\u00e9) est cot\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re binaire\/semi-binaire pour valoriser la force du trait : une r\u00e9ponse mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment orient\u00e9e vers le trait rapporte <strong>1 point<\/strong>, tandis qu&rsquo;une r\u00e9ponse fortement orient\u00e9e vers le trait rapporte <strong>2 points<\/strong>. Les r\u00e9ponses en sens inverse re\u00e7oivent <strong>0 point<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Certaines versions informatis\u00e9es ou analyses corr\u00e9lationnelles continues utilisent une cotation directe sur \u00e9chelle de Likert de 1 \u00e0 4 (apr\u00e8s recodage des items invers\u00e9s).<\/li>\n<li>Les items de diversion (<em>filler items<\/em>) ne sont pas inclus dans le calcul final des scores d&#8217;empathie ou de syst\u00e9matisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcul des sous-scores :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Score EQ :<\/strong> Somme des points attribu\u00e9s aux items d&#8217;empathisation (fourchette habituelle : 0 \u00e0 80 points dans les versions \u00e0 40 items cibles).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score SQ :<\/strong> Somme des points attribu\u00e9s aux items de syst\u00e9matisation (fourchette habituelle : 0 \u00e0 150 points dans la version longue du SQ, ou standardis\u00e9e proportionnellement).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Score de divergence (D) :<\/strong> Permet de situer le r\u00e9pondant dans la matrice des cinq <em>Brain Types<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temps de passation :<\/strong> Environ 20 \u00e0 30 minutes pour la passation compl\u00e8te des 120 questions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de d\u00e9veloppement :<\/strong> 2003 (SQ original ; Baron-Cohen et al., 2003) et 2004 (EQ original ; Baron-Cohen &amp; Wheelwright, 2004). La version combin\u00e9e de 120 items a \u00e9t\u00e9 formalis\u00e9e et diss\u00e9min\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de 2004\u20132006.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Droits d&rsquo;auteur et permissions :<\/strong> Les instruments ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par l&rsquo;<em>Autism Research Centre<\/em> (ARC) de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Cambridge sous la direction du Professeur Simon Baron-Cohen.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs d&rsquo;utilisation :<\/strong> Gratuit pour la recherche scientifique non commerciale et les travaux universitaires. L&rsquo;ARC met ces outils \u00e0 la disposition de la communaut\u00e9 acad\u00e9mique internationale en acc\u00e8s libre (<em>open access for academic research<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;utilisation commerciale :<\/strong> Toute incorporation dans un logiciel propri\u00e9taire, un bilan de recrutement en entreprise ou un produit commercial payant n\u00e9cessite une autorisation \u00e9crite formelle et un contrat de licence aupr\u00e8s de Cambridge Enterprise ou des titulaires de droits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Baron-Cohen, S. (2003). <em>The Essential Difference: The Truth About the Male and Female Brain<\/em>. Basic Books. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/essential-difference-the-truth-about-the-male-and-female-brain\/oclc\/51810841\">https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/essential-difference-the-truth-about-the-male-and-female-brain\/oclc\/51810841<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Baron-Cohen, S., &amp; Wheelwright, S. (2004). The Empathy Quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. <em>Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders<\/em>, 34(2), 163\u2013175. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/b:jadd.0000022607.19833.00\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/b:jadd.0000022607.19833.00<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Baron-Cohen, S., Richler, J., Bisarya, D., Gurunathan, N., &amp; Wheelwright, S. (2003). The systemizing quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism, and normal sex differences. <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences<\/em>, 358(1430), 361\u2013374. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2002.1206\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2002.1206<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Lawrence, E. J., Shaw, P., Baker, D., Baron-Cohen, S., &amp; David, A. S. (2004). Measuring empathy: Reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient. <em>Psychological Medicine<\/em>, 34(5), 911\u2013920. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291703001624\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291703001624<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Muncer, S. J., &amp; Ling, J. (2006). Psychometric analysis of the Empathy Quotient (EQ) scale. <em>Personality and Individual Differences<\/em>, 40(6), 1111\u20131119. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2005.09.020\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2005.09.020<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wakabayashi, A., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Goldenfeld, N., Delaney, J., Fine, D., Smith, R., &amp; Weil, L. (2006). Development of short forms of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-Short) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ-Short). <em>Personality and Individual Differences<\/em>, 41(5), 929\u2013940. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2006.03.017\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2006.03.017<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wheelwright, S., Baron-Cohen, S., Goldenfeld, N., Delaney, J., Fine, D., Smith, R., Weil, L., &amp; Wakabayashi, A. (2006). Predicting Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) from the Systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R) and Empathy Quotient (EQ). <em>Brain Research<\/em>, 1079(1), 47\u201356. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.01.012\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.01.012<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n  Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-family:sans-serif;\">\n<p style=\"font-weight:600; margin:15px 0 10px;\">Response Scale: 1-Strongly disagree\u201a 2-Disagree\u201a 3-Agree\u201a 4-Strongly agree<\/p>\n<ol style=\"line-height:1.7; padding-left:25px;\">\n<li>I often make resolutions\u201a but find it hard to stick to them.<\/li>\n<li>When I travel\u201a I like to learn specific details about the culture of the place I am visiting.<\/li>\n<li>When I have a dream\u201a I find it difficult to remember precise details about the dream the next day.<\/li>\n<li>I can tell if someone is masking their true emotion.<\/li>\n<li>After meeting someone just once or twice\u201a I find it difficult to remember precisely what they look like.<\/li>\n<li>I often forget the precise details of conversations I&rsquo;ve had.<\/li>\n<li>When I look at a painting\u201a I do not usually think about the technique involved in making it.<\/li>\n<li>When I was a child\u201a I enjoyed cutting up worms to see what would happen.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to explain to others things that I understand easily\u201a when they don&rsquo;t understand it first time.<\/li>\n<li>I am fascinated by how machines work.<\/li>\n<li>Seeing people cry doesn&rsquo;t really upset me.<\/li>\n<li>I try to solve my own problems rather than discussing them with others.<\/li>\n<li>I find it easy to put myself in somebody else&rsquo;s shoes.<\/li>\n<li>When I talk to people\u201a I tend to talk about their experiences rather than my own.<\/li>\n<li>When I hear the weather forecast\u201a I am not very interested in the meteorological patterns.<\/li>\n<li>In a conversation\u201a I tend to focus on my own thoughts rather than on what my listener might be thinking.<\/li>\n<li>People often tell me that I am very unpredictable.<\/li>\n<li>If I were buying a stereo\u201a I would want to know about its precise technical features.<\/li>\n<li>I often wonder what it would be like to be someone else.<\/li>\n<li>When I read something\u201a I always notice whether it is grammatically correct.<\/li>\n<li>Other people tell me I am good at understanding how they are feeling and what they are thinking.<\/li>\n<li>I prefer practical jokes to verbal humour.<\/li>\n<li>Friends usually talk to me about their problems as they say that I am very understanding.<\/li>\n<li>I make it a point of listening to the news each morning.<\/li>\n<li>People often tell me that I went too far in driving my point home in a discussion.<\/li>\n<li>I can easily work out what another person might want to talk about.<\/li>\n<li>I can sense if I am intruding\u201a even if the other person doesn&rsquo;t tell me.<\/li>\n<li>I am able to make decisions without being influenced by people&rsquo;s feelings.<\/li>\n<li>If I see a stranger in a group\u201a I think that it is up to them to make an effort to join in.<\/li>\n<li>I do not care to know the names of the plants I see.<\/li>\n<li>I don&rsquo;t consciously work out the rules of social situations.<\/li>\n<li>When an election is being held\u201a I am not interested in the results for each constituency.<\/li>\n<li>When I learn about historical events\u201a I do not focus on exact dates.<\/li>\n<li>When I&rsquo;m in a plane\u201a I do not think about the aerodynamics.<\/li>\n<li>When I cook\u201a I do not think about exactly how different methods and ingredients contribute to the final product.<\/li>\n<li>I would never break a law\u201a no matter how minor.<\/li>\n<li>When I look at a piece of furniture\u201a I do not notice the details of how it was constructed.<\/li>\n<li>I enjoy being the centre of attention at any social gathering.<\/li>\n<li>I get upset if I see people suffering on news programmes.<\/li>\n<li>When I&rsquo;m in a restaurant\u201a I often have a hard time deciding what to order.<\/li>\n<li>I dream most nights.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to do two things at once.<\/li>\n<li>I rarely read articles or webpages about new technology.<\/li>\n<li>Before making a decision I always weigh up the pros and cons.<\/li>\n<li>If I were buying a computer\u201a I would want to know exact details about its hard drive capacity and processor speed.<\/li>\n<li>The idea of engaging in \u00ab\u00a0risk-taking\u00a0\u00bb activities appeals to me.<\/li>\n<li>People sometimes tell me that I have gone too far with teasing.<\/li>\n<li>When I listen to a piece of music\u201a I always notice the way it&rsquo;s structured.<\/li>\n<li>It doesn&rsquo;t bother me too much if I am late meeting a friend.<\/li>\n<li>In maths\u201a I am intrigued by the rules and patterns governing numbers.<\/li>\n<li>When I am walking in the country\u201a I am curious about how the various kinds of trees differ.<\/li>\n<li>I am very blunt\u201a which some people take to be rudeness\u201a even though this is unintentional.<\/li>\n<li>If anyone asked me if I liked their haircut\u201a I would reply truthfully\u201a even if I didn&rsquo;t like it.<\/li>\n<li>It upsets me to see an animal in pain.<\/li>\n<li>When I read the newspaper\u201a I am drawn to tables of information\u201a such as football league scores or stock market indices.<\/li>\n<li>When I am relating a story\u201a I often leave out details and just give the gist of what happened.<\/li>\n<li>I can usually appreciate the other person&rsquo;s viewpoint\u201a even if I don&rsquo;t agree with it.<\/li>\n<li>When I watch a film\u201a I prefer to be with a group of friends\u201a rather than alone.<\/li>\n<li>If there was a problem with the electrical wiring in my home\u201a I&rsquo;d be able to fix it myself.<\/li>\n<li>I would be too nervous to go on a big rollercoaster.<\/li>\n<li>I am interested in knowing the path a river takes from its source to the sea.<\/li>\n<li>I am bad about keeping in touch with old friends.<\/li>\n<li>When I learn a language\u201a I become intrigued by its grammatical rules.<\/li>\n<li>I often start new hobbies but quickly become bored with them and move on to something else.<\/li>\n<li>I am good at predicting how someone will feel.<\/li>\n<li>I can tune into how someone else feels rapidly and intuitively.<\/li>\n<li>I often find it difficult to judge if something is rude or polite.<\/li>\n<li>Friendships and relationships are just too difficult\u201a so I tend not to bother with them.<\/li>\n<li>If I were buying a car\u201a I would want to obtain specific information about its engine capacity.<\/li>\n<li>I can easily visualize how the motorways in my region link up.<\/li>\n<li>I can easily tell if someone else wants to enter a conversation.<\/li>\n<li>I enjoy ha\u200eving discussions about politics.<\/li>\n<li>I find it hard to know what to do in a social situation.<\/li>\n<li>I can&rsquo;t always see why someone should have felt offended by a remark.<\/li>\n<li>When I look at a building\u201a I am curious about the precise way it was constructed.<\/li>\n<li>If I were buying a camera\u201a I would not look carefully into the quality of the lens.<\/li>\n<li>When travelling by train\u201a I often wonder exactly how the rail networks are coordinated.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to learn my way around a new city.<\/li>\n<li>I do not enjoy games that involve a high degree of strategy.<\/li>\n<li>I don&rsquo;t like to take risks.<\/li>\n<li>I like to be very organized in day to day life and often make lists of the chores I have to do.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to understand instruction manuals for putting appliances together.<\/li>\n<li>I can&rsquo;t relax until I have done everything I had planned to do that day.<\/li>\n<li>When I buy a new appliance\u201a I do not read the instruction manual very thoroughly.<\/li>\n<li>I am good at predicting what someone will do.<\/li>\n<li>I donated to find social situations confusing.<\/li>\n<li>I like to do things on the spur of the moment.<\/li>\n<li>I try to avoid doing household chores if I can.<\/li>\n<li>I am at my best first thing in the morning.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to read and understand maps.<\/li>\n<li>I do not read legal documents very carefully.<\/li>\n<li>I prefer animals to humans.<\/li>\n<li>When I look at an animal\u201a I like to know the precise species it belongs to.<\/li>\n<li>I tend to get emotionally involved with a friend&rsquo;s problems.<\/li>\n<li>I live life for today rather than the future.<\/li>\n<li>I find it easy to carry on a conversation with someone I&rsquo;ve just met.<\/li>\n<li>I usually stay emotionally detached when watching a film.<\/li>\n<li>When I look at a mountain\u201a I think about how precisely it was formed.<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to understand information the bank sends me on different investment and saving systems.<\/li>\n<li>I am curious about life on other planets.<\/li>\n<li>I tend to have very strong opinions about morality.<\/li>\n<li>When I lend someone money\u201a I expect them to pay me back exactly what they owe me.<\/li>\n<li>I am not interested in understanding how wireless communication works.<\/li>\n<li>I can pick up quickly if someone says one thing but means another.<\/li>\n<li>It is hard for me to see why some things upset people so much.<\/li>\n<li>I prefer to read non-fiction than fiction.<\/li>\n<li>I do not tend to watch science documentaries on television or read articles about science and nature.<\/li>\n<li>I try to keep up with the current trends and fashions.<\/li>\n<li>I really enjoy caring for other people.<\/li>\n<li>I am quick to spot when someone in a group is feeling awkward or uncomfortable.<\/li>\n<li>If I had a collection (e.g. CDs\u201a coins\u201a stamps)\u201a it would be highly organized.<\/li>\n<li>I enjoy participating in sport.<\/li>\n<li>I am interested in learning about different religions.<\/li>\n<li>I think that good manners are the most important thing a parent can teach their child.<\/li>\n<li>Other people often say that I am insensitive\u201a though I don\u2019t? Always see why.<\/li>\n<li>If I say something that someone else is offended by\u201a I think that that&rsquo;s their problem\u201a not mine.<\/li>\n<li>I am not very meticulous when I carry out D.I.Y.<\/li>\n<li>I can easily tell if someone else is interested or bored with what I am saying.<\/li>\n<li>I adhere to common superstitions.<\/li>\n<li>I find it easy to grasp exactly how odds work in betting.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analyse psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du Test d&rsquo;Empathisation-Syst\u00e9matisation (EQ-SQ) de Simon Baron-Cohen : cadre th\u00e9orique, validit\u00e9, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 et 120 items int\u00e9graux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[3779,408,2],"tags":[1384,15252,15251,16,1381,15255,1383,15254,15253,1385],"class_list":["post-11313","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-cognition-sociale","category-evaluations-cliniques","category-psychometrie","tag-autisme","tag-empathisation","tag-eq-sq","tag-psychometrie","tag-quotient-dempathie","tag-quotient-de-systematisation","tag-simon-baron-cohen","tag-spectre-de-lautisme","tag-systematisation","tag-theorie-de-lesprit"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11313"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11313\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}