{"id":11294,"date":"2026-09-30T14:28:33","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T14:28:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/questionnaire-des-cinq-facettes-de-la-pleine-conscience-ffmq\/"},"modified":"2026-09-30T14:28:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T14:28:33","slug":"questionnaire-des-cinq-facettes-de-la-pleine-conscience-ffmq","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=questionnaire-des-cinq-facettes-de-la-pleine-conscience-ffmq","title":{"rendered":"Questionnaire des cinq facettes de la pleine conscience (FFMQ)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le <strong>Questionnaire des cinq facettes de la pleine conscience<\/strong> (<em>Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire<\/em>, FFMQ) est un instrument psychom\u00e9trique d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruth_Baer\">Ruth A. Baer<\/a> et ses collaborateurs en 2006 \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Kentucky. Con\u00e7u pour surmonter l&rsquo;h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 conceptuelle et m\u00e9thodologique qui caract\u00e9risait les premiers instruments de mesure de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pleine_conscience\">pleine conscience<\/a> (<em>mindfulness<\/em>), le FFMQ est issu d&rsquo;une analyse factorielle exploratoire combin\u00e9e portant sur un ensemble de 112 items extraits de cinq \u00e9chelles majeures pr\u00e9existantes : le <em>Mindful Attention Awareness Scale<\/em> (MAAS), le <em>Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory<\/em> (FMI), le <em>Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills<\/em> (KIMS), le <em>Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised<\/em> (CAMS-R) et le <em>Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire<\/em> (SMQ).<\/p>\n<p>Cette d\u00e9marche d&rsquo;int\u00e9gration statistique a permis d&rsquo;isoler une structure robuste \u00e0 cinq facteurs interd\u00e9pendants mesurant des dimensions distinctes mais compl\u00e9mentaires de la pleine conscience dispositionnelle : <strong>Observer<\/strong> (<em>Observing<\/em>), <strong>D\u00e9crire<\/strong> (<em>Describing<\/em>), <strong>Agir avec conscience<\/strong> (<em>Acting with Awareness<\/em>), <strong>Non-jugement de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience int\u00e9rieure<\/strong> (<em>Non-judging of Inner Experience<\/em>) et <strong>Non-r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience int\u00e9rieure<\/strong> (<em>Non-reactivity to Inner Experience<\/em>). L&rsquo;inventaire complet se compose de 39 items cot\u00e9s sur une \u00e9chelle de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89chelle_de_Likert\">Likert<\/a> en 5 points, allant de 1 (\u00ab Jamais ou tr\u00e8s rarement vrai \u00bb) \u00e0 5 (\u00ab Tr\u00e8s souvent ou toujours vrai \u00bb). Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s psychom\u00e9triques du FFMQ attestent d&rsquo;une consistance interne remarquable, avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach oscillant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 0,75 et 0,91 selon les sous-\u00e9chelles et les populations \u00e9tudi\u00e9es, ainsi que d&rsquo;une validit\u00e9 convergente, discriminante et diff\u00e9rentielle solidement \u00e9tablie tant en milieu clinique qu&rsquo;aupr\u00e8s de m\u00e9ditants exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s et de non-m\u00e9ditants.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>pleine conscience, FFMQ, psychom\u00e9trie, \u00e9valuation psychologique, r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle, attention consciente, non-jugement, non-r\u00e9activit\u00e9, m\u00e9ditation, th\u00e9rapie cognitive bas\u00e9e sur la pleine conscience, flexibilit\u00e9 psychologique, analyse factorielle.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>Le FFMQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9 par une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs du d\u00e9partement de psychologie de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Kentucky (Lexington, \u00c9tats-Unis) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ruth A. Baer, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Professeure \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychologie clinique \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Kentucky. Pionni\u00e8re internationale dans l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique de la pleine conscience et l&rsquo;application des th\u00e9rapies cognitivo-comportementales de troisi\u00e8me vague. Courriel institutionnel : <a href=\"mailto:rbaer@uky.edu\">rbaer@uky.edu<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gregory T. Smith, Ph.D.<\/strong> \u2014 Professeur de psychologie clinique, sp\u00e9cialiste des mod\u00e8les quantitatifs, de la psychom\u00e9trie avanc\u00e9e et des processus d&rsquo;impulsivit\u00e9 et d&rsquo;addiction \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 du Kentucky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jaclyn Hopkins, M.S.<\/strong> \u2014 Chercheuse associ\u00e9e au d\u00e9partement de psychologie, Universit\u00e9 du Kentucky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Joyce Krietemeyer, B.A.<\/strong> \u2014 Collaboratrice de recherche en psychom\u00e9trie clinique, Universit\u00e9 du Kentucky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Leslie Toney, B.A.<\/strong> \u2014 Collaboratrice de recherche, Universit\u00e9 du Kentucky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement du FFMQ r\u00e9pond \u00e0 un besoin fondamental dans le champ de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychologie_clinique\">psychologie clinique<\/a> et des neurosciences contemplatives : clarifier, op\u00e9rationnaliser et unifier la mesure de la pleine conscience en tant que trait dispositionnel. Avant 2006, la prolif\u00e9ration d&rsquo;\u00e9chelles unidimensionnelles ou multidimensionnelles divergentes entra\u00eenait des confusions th\u00e9oriques majeures. Certaines \u00e9chelles, comme le MAAS de Brown et Ryan (2003), restreignaient la pleine conscience \u00e0 une vigilance attentionnelle oppos\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;action automatique, tandis que d&rsquo;autres, comme le KIMS ou le FMI, y int\u00e9graient des composantes attitudinales telles que l&rsquo;acceptation sans jugement et l&rsquo;ouverture \u00e0 l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience. Le FFMQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 express\u00e9ment con\u00e7u pour d\u00e9terminer empiriquement si la pleine conscience constituait un construit unitaire ou multifacette, et pour fournir aux cliniciens et chercheurs une cartographie psychom\u00e9trique standardis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan clinique, l&rsquo;objectif du questionnaire est d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer les comp\u00e9tences fondamentales entra\u00een\u00e9es dans le cadre d&rsquo;interventions bas\u00e9es sur la pleine conscience (<em>Mindfulness-Based Interventions<\/em> ou MBI), telles que la r\u00e9duction du stress bas\u00e9e sur la pleine conscience (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9duction_du_stress_bas%C3%A9e_sur_la_pleine_conscience\">MBSR<\/a>) fond\u00e9e par Jon Kabat-Zinn, la th\u00e9rapie cognitive bas\u00e9e sur la pleine conscience (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9rapie_cognitive_bas%C3%A9e_sur_la_pleine_conscience\">MBCT<\/a>), la th\u00e9rapie d&rsquo;acceptation et d&rsquo;engagement (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9rapie_d%27acceptation_et_d%27engagement\">ACT<\/a>) et la th\u00e9rapie comportementale dialectique (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9rapie_comportementale_dialectique\">TCD<\/a>). L&rsquo;instrument permet d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir un profil initial des capacit\u00e9s d&rsquo;autor\u00e9gulation d&rsquo;un individu, d&rsquo;identifier des d\u00e9ficits m\u00e9tacognitifs cibl\u00e9s (par exemple, une forte propension \u00e0 l&rsquo;autocritique \u00e9valu\u00e9e par la facette du non-jugement) et de quantifier finement les gains th\u00e9rapeutiques au cours et au d\u00e9cours du traitement.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la recherche fondamentale, le FFMQ vise \u00e0 analyser les m\u00e9canismes d&rsquo;action sous-tendant les bienfaits psychologiques de la m\u00e9ditation. En isolant cinq composantes, il autorise l&rsquo;\u00e9tude diff\u00e9rentielle des m\u00e9diateurs th\u00e9rapeutiques : par exemple, d\u00e9montrer comment l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration de la \u00ab non-r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00bb m\u00e9diatise la diminution de l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et des ruminations d\u00e9pressives, alors que le d\u00e9veloppement de la facette \u00ab d\u00e9crire \u00bb favorise la r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle chez les sujets souffrant d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexithymie\">alexithymie<\/a>. L&rsquo;outil s&rsquo;applique ainsi \u00e0 des cohortes non cliniques (\u00e9tudiants, travailleurs, m\u00e9ditants novices ou avanc\u00e9s) et cliniques (troubles de l&rsquo;humeur, troubles anxieux, douleurs chroniques, conduites addictives).<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le FFMQ op\u00e9rationnalise la pleine conscience dispositionnelle selon cinq dimensions psychologiques distinctes mais interconnect\u00e9es :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Observer (Observing)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette facette \u00e9value la tendance habituelle \u00e0 porter une attention soutenue aux stimuli sensoriels et ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologiques internes et externes. Elle englobe la perception consciente des sensations corporelles (mouvements, toucher, respiration, proprioception), des stimuli environnementaux (sons, odeurs, \u00e9l\u00e9ments visuels de la nature ou de l&rsquo;art) ainsi que la conscience de l&rsquo;apparition des \u00e9motions et des pens\u00e9es. Par exemple, l&rsquo;item 1 (<em>\u00ab When I\u2019m walking, I deliberately notice the sensations of my body moving \u00bb<\/em>) et l&rsquo;item 26 (<em>\u00ab I notice the smells and aromas of things \u00bb<\/em>) capturent cette posture de veille sensorielle. Il est \u00e0 noter que chez les non-m\u00e9ditants, cette dimension pr\u00e9sente un comportement psychom\u00e9trique particulier, tendant parfois \u00e0 corr\u00e9ler positivement avec l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 somatique, alors qu&rsquo;elle s&rsquo;int\u00e8gre harmonieusement chez les m\u00e9ditants r\u00e9guliers.<\/p>\n<h3>2. D\u00e9crire (Describing)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension mesure la capacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un individu \u00e0 \u00e9tiqueter verbalement ses \u00e9tats int\u00e9rieurs, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 trouver les mots justes pour expliciter ses ressentis affectifs, ses cognitions et ses sensations corporelles sans ambigu\u00eft\u00e9. L&rsquo;accent est mis sur la traduction cognitive de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience brute en concepts formulables, comme le soulignent l&rsquo;item 2 (<em>\u00ab I\u2019m good at finding words to describe my feelings \u00bb<\/em>) ou l&rsquo;item 27 (<em>\u00ab Even when I\u2019m feeling terribly upset, I can find a way to put it into words \u00bb<\/em>). Cette facette s&rsquo;oppose directement aux d\u00e9ficits d&rsquo;expression affective caract\u00e9ristiques de l&rsquo;alexithymie.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Agir avec conscience (Acting with Awareness)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante quantifie l&rsquo;aptitude \u00e0 s&rsquo;engager pleinement dans l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 pr\u00e9sente avec une concentration d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e, en opposition au fonctionnement en \u00ab pilote automatique \u00bb ou aux \u00e9pisodes d&rsquo;inattention et d&rsquo;\u00e9garement mental (<em>mind wandering<\/em>). Presque tous les items de cette \u00e9chelle sont invers\u00e9s pour capturer la distractibilit\u00e9 et le d\u00e9ficit attentionnel quotidien, \u00e0 l&rsquo;image de l&rsquo;item 5 (<em>\u00ab When I do things, my mind wanders off and I\u2019m easily distracted \u00bb<\/em>) ou de l&rsquo;item 23 (<em>\u00ab It seems I am \u201crunning on automatic\u201d without much awareness of what I\u2019m doing \u00bb<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>4. Non-jugement de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience int\u00e9rieure (Non-judging of Inner Experience)<\/h3>\n<p>Le non-jugement \u00e9value la disposition \u00e0 accueillir ses pens\u00e9es, impulsions et ressentis \u00e9motionnels sans porter de jugements de valeur d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciateurs, sans autocritique ni culpabilit\u00e9. Il mesure l&rsquo;absence de cat\u00e9gorisation morale (\u00ab bon \u00bb ou \u00ab mauvais \u00bb) des processus mentaux spontan\u00e9s. Des items invers\u00e9s tels que l&rsquo;item 3 (<em>\u00ab I criticize myself for having irrational or inappropriate emotions \u00bb<\/em>) et l&rsquo;item 14 (<em>\u00ab I believe some of my thoughts are abnormal or bad and I shouldn\u2019t think that way \u00bb<\/em>) illustrent ce construit, qui s&rsquo;av\u00e8re \u00eatre l&rsquo;un des pr\u00e9dicteurs les plus puissants de la r\u00e9duction de la d\u00e9tresse psychologique et des rechutes d\u00e9pressives.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Non-r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience int\u00e9rieure (Non-reactivity to Inner Experience)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension capture la tendance \u00e0 laisser \u00e9merger et dispara\u00eetre les cognitions perturbantes, les impulsions ou les \u00e9motions n\u00e9gatives sans se laisser submerger par elles ni se pr\u00e9cipiter dans des r\u00e9actions impulsives, comportementales ou cognitives d&rsquo;\u00e9vitement. Elle refl\u00e8te la capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9centration et de \u00ab d\u00e9sidentification \u00bb psychologique. Par exemple, l&rsquo;item 19 (<em>\u00ab When I have distressing thoughts or images, I \u201cstep back\u201d and am aware of the thought or image without getting taken over by it \u00bb<\/em>) et l&rsquo;item 21 (<em>\u00ab In difficult situations, I can pause without immediately reacting \u00bb<\/em>) refl\u00e8tent l&rsquo;ouverture d&rsquo;un espace de discernement entre le stimulus et la r\u00e9ponse.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>Le cadre conceptuel du FFMQ repose sur la convergence interdisciplinaire entre la psychologie bouddhiste traditionnelle \u2014 ax\u00e9e sur le concept de <em>Sati<\/em> (vigilance \u00e9veill\u00e9e et m\u00e9moire de l&rsquo;instant) issu de la tradition <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vipassan%C4%81\">Vipassana<\/a> \u2014 et les th\u00e9ories contemporaines des <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Th%C3%A9rapie_cognitivo-comportementale\">th\u00e9rapies cognitivo-comportementales de la troisi\u00e8me vague<\/a>. Dans l&rsquo;approche ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nologique de Jon Kabat-Zinn, la pleine conscience est d\u00e9finie comme \u00ab la conscience qui \u00e9merge lorsque l&rsquo;on porte son attention, d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment, au moment pr\u00e9sent, et sans jugement, sur l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience qui se d\u00e9ploie instant apr\u00e8s instant \u00bb. Le FFMQ d\u00e9rive directement de la d\u00e9composition empirique de cette d\u00e9finition en comp\u00e9tences psychologiques mesurables.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le versant cognitif, le FFMQ int\u00e8gre le concept de <strong>conscience m\u00e9tacognitive<\/strong> ou \u00ab d\u00e9centration \u00bb d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par John Teasdale, Zindel Segal et Mark Williams. Selon ce mod\u00e8le, les pens\u00e9es ne sont pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des reflets exacts de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ou des aspects intrins\u00e8ques du Soi, mais comme des \u00e9v\u00e9nements mentaux transitoires qui traversent le champ de la conscience. Les facettes de \u00ab Non-jugement \u00bb et de \u00ab Non-r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00bb op\u00e9rationnalisent cette posture m\u00e9tacognitive en inhibant les boucles de r\u00e9troaction auto-r\u00e9f\u00e9rentielles n\u00e9gatives responsables de la rumination d\u00e9pressive et de l&rsquo;inqui\u00e9tude anxieuse.<\/p>\n<p>Le questionnaire est \u00e9galement influenc\u00e9 par la th\u00e9orie des cadres relationnels (<em>Relational Frame Theory<\/em>) et le mod\u00e8le d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acceptation\">acceptation psychologique<\/a> de Steven C. Hayes (ACT), ainsi que par le mod\u00e8le de r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle de Marsha Linehan (TCD). Dans la perspective dialectique de Linehan, la pleine conscience repose sur des comp\u00e9tences de type \u00ab Quoi \u00bb (Observer, D\u00e9crire, Participer) et \u00ab Comment \u00bb (Sans jugement, Un esprit \u00e0 la fois, Efficacement). Baer et ses coll\u00e8gues ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que ces concepts, longtemps cantonn\u00e9s \u00e0 des formulations cliniques ou philosophiques, s&rsquo;organisent en dimensions psychom\u00e9triques coh\u00e9rentes et v\u00e9rifiables empiriquement chez l&rsquo;adulte.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique du FFMQ a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;investigations approfondies \u00e0 travers des cohortes diversifi\u00e9es comprenant des \u00e9chantillons cliniques, des \u00e9tudiants universitaires et des m\u00e9ditants exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de construit et convergente<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes de corr\u00e9lation d\u00e9montrent une <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Validit%C3%A9_convergente\">validit\u00e9 convergente<\/a> remarquable. Les cinq facettes entretiennent des relations statistiquement significatives avec des construits psychologiques th\u00e9oriquement proches :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les sous-\u00e9chelles <em>Agir avec conscience<\/em>, <em>Non-jugement<\/em> et <em>Non-r\u00e9activit\u00e9<\/em> corr\u00e8lent n\u00e9gativement et fortement avec le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/N%C3%A9vrosisme\">n\u00e9vrosisme<\/a> (scores <em>r<\/em> compris entre -0,40 et -0,60), les ruminations cognitives d\u00e9pressives, l&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9-trait et les sympt\u00f4mes somatoformes.<\/li>\n<li>La sous-\u00e9chelle <em>D\u00e9crire<\/em> pr\u00e9sente des corr\u00e9lations n\u00e9gatives robustes avec les scores d&rsquo;alexithymie mesur\u00e9s par la <em>Toronto Alexithymia Scale<\/em> (TAS-20 ; <em>r<\/em> = -0,55 \u00e0 -0,68), attestant d&rsquo;une convergence inverse solide avec l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 verbaliser les \u00e9tats affectifs.<\/li>\n<li>Des associations positives prononc\u00e9es sont observ\u00e9es entre les facettes du FFMQ et l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intelligence_%C3%A9motionnelle\">intelligence \u00e9motionnelle<\/a>, l&rsquo;auto-compassion (\u00e9valu\u00e9e par la <em>Self-Compassion Scale<\/em> de Kristin Neff) et l&rsquo;ouverture \u00e0 l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience (<em>Openness to Experience<\/em> du NEO-PI-R).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 diff\u00e9rentielle (M\u00e9ditants vs Non-m\u00e9ditants)<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude fondatrice de Baer et al. (2008), le FFMQ a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 une forte validit\u00e9 diff\u00e9rentielle. Les individus pratiquant la m\u00e9ditation r\u00e9guli\u00e8re obtiennent des scores significativement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s sur l&rsquo;ensemble des cinq facettes par rapport aux non-m\u00e9ditants. Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, la facette <em>Observer<\/em> manifeste une dynamique diff\u00e9rentielle notable : alors que chez les non-m\u00e9ditants, <em>Observer<\/em> n&rsquo;entretient pas de lien positif avec les autres composantes de la pleine conscience et peut s&rsquo;associer \u00e0 une hypervigilance anxieuse, elle devient chez les m\u00e9ditants un \u00e9l\u00e9ment central et harmonieux de la pleine conscience globale, corr\u00e9lant positivement avec la non-r\u00e9activit\u00e9 et la r\u00e9gulation affective.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 pr\u00e9dictive et sensibilit\u00e9 au changement<\/h3>\n<p>Le FFMQ pr\u00e9sente une excellente sensibilit\u00e9 aux effets des th\u00e9rapies bas\u00e9es sur la pleine conscience. Apr\u00e8s un programme standard de MBSR ou MBCT de 8 semaines, une \u00e9l\u00e9vation significative des scores sur l&rsquo;ensemble des facettes est syst\u00e9matiquement relev\u00e9e dans la litt\u00e9rature. De plus, l&rsquo;augmentation des scores aux sous-\u00e9chelles <em>Non-jugement<\/em> et <em>Non-r\u00e9activit\u00e9<\/em> m\u00e9diatise statistiquement la r\u00e9duction des scores d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et de d\u00e9pression mesur\u00e9s post-intervention.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fid%C3%A9lit%C3%A9_(psychom%C3%A9trie)\">fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/a> du FFMQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 corrobor\u00e9e par de nombreuses \u00e9tudes internationales via l&rsquo;estimation de la consistance interne et la stabilit\u00e9 temporelle.<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne<\/h3>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon initial de d\u00e9veloppement (Baer et al., 2006, <em>N<\/em> = 613 \u00e9tudiants), les indices de consistance interne calcul\u00e9s par le coefficient <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> (\u03b1) ont mis en \u00e9vidence une excellente homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 des items au sein de chaque dimension :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Observer<\/strong> : \u03b1 = 0,83<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9crire<\/strong> : \u03b1 = 0,91<\/li>\n<li><strong>Agir avec conscience<\/strong> : \u03b1 = 0,87<\/li>\n<li><strong>Non-jugement de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience int\u00e9rieure<\/strong> : \u03b1 = 0,87<\/li>\n<li><strong>Non-r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience int\u00e9rieure<\/strong> : \u03b1 = 0,75<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces coefficients ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9s dans les versions valid\u00e9es en langue fran\u00e7aise (par exemple, Heeren et al., 2011), o\u00f9 les valeurs de l&rsquo;alpha de Cronbach s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnent entre 0,78 et 0,90, confirmant que les items de chaque sous-\u00e9chelle convergent ad\u00e9quatement vers leur variable latente respective sans redondance excessive.<\/p>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9tudes de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest men\u00e9es sur des intervalles de 2 \u00e0 4 semaines aupr\u00e8s de populations non soumises \u00e0 un entra\u00eenement m\u00e9ditatif indiquent une stabilit\u00e9 temporelle satisfaisante, avec des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse (CCI) et de Pearson variant de <em>r<\/em> = 0,70 \u00e0 <em>r<\/em> = 0,86. Cette stabilit\u00e9 confirme que le FFMQ appr\u00e9hende la pleine conscience comme un trait dispositionnel stable en l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;interventions cibl\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture factorielle du FFMQ a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie par une combinaison rigoureuse d&rsquo;analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) et d&rsquo;analyses factorielles confirmatoires (AFC).<\/p>\n<h3>\u00c9laboration factorielle exploratoire<\/h3>\n<p>Lors de la phase initiale, Baer et al. (2006) ont administr\u00e9 112 items issus des \u00e9chelles MAAS, FMI, KIMS, CAMS-R et SMQ \u00e0 un \u00e9chantillon de 613 participants. Une analyse en composantes principales suivie d&rsquo;une rotation oblique (Promax) a isol\u00e9 5 facteurs principaux expliquant une part pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rante de la variance totale. Les crit\u00e8res d&rsquo;inclusion des items comprenaient une saturation factorielle (<em>factor loading<\/em>) primaire sup\u00e9rieure ou \u00e9gale \u00e0 0,40 sur le facteur assign\u00e9, sans saturation crois\u00e9e sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0,30 sur d&rsquo;autres facteurs.<\/p>\n<h3>Mod\u00e9lisation confirmatoire (AFC)<\/h3>\n<p>Les mod\u00e9lisations en \u00e9quations structurelles ont compar\u00e9 plusieurs architectures concurrentes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le unidimensionnel (tous les items sous un facteur unique de pleine conscience), syst\u00e9matiquement rejet\u00e9 en raison d&rsquo;un ajustement m\u00e9diocre.<\/li>\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 cinq facteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s (<em>correlated five-factor model<\/em>), qui fournit des indices d&rsquo;ajustement excellents : RMSEA \u2248 0,05, CFI &gt; 0,90, TLI &gt; 0,90.<\/li>\n<li>Un mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique de second ordre, postulant un macro-construit global de pleine conscience sous-tendant les cinq facettes. Ce mod\u00e8le s&rsquo;ajuste bien chez les m\u00e9ditants confirm\u00e9s, mais rencontre une anomalie chez les non-m\u00e9ditants : la facette <em>Observer<\/em> ne sature pas positivement sur le facteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de pleine conscience chez les individus non initi\u00e9s \u00e0 la m\u00e9ditation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Face \u00e0 ce r\u00e9sultat structurel, les auteurs recommandent pour les non-m\u00e9ditants d&rsquo;utiliser un mod\u00e8le \u00e0 cinq facteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s ou de calculer un score global excluant la sous-\u00e9chelle <em>Observer<\/em>, alors qu&rsquo;un score total sur 39 items est parfaitement l\u00e9gitime chez les m\u00e9ditants r\u00e9guliers.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<p>Le FFMQ est un auto-questionnaire standardis\u00e9 comportant 39 items r\u00e9partis de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e sur les 5 facettes de la pleine conscience. Il existe \u00e9galement une version courte \u00e0 24 items (FFMQ-SF ; Bohlmeijer et al., 2011).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation :<\/strong> Auto-questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique individuel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon ou passation informatis\u00e9e en ligne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e de passation :<\/strong> Environ 10 \u00e0 15 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 39 propositions affirmatives.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle de Likert \u00e0 5 points :\n<ul>\n<li>1 = Jamais ou tr\u00e8s rarement vrai (<em>Never or very rarely true<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>2 = Rarement vrai (<em>Rarely true<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>3 = Parfois vrai (<em>Sometimes true<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>4 = Souvent vrai (<em>Often true<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li>5 = Tr\u00e8s souvent vrai (<em>Very often true<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e9partition des sous-\u00e9chelles :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Observer<\/em> (8 items) : 1, 6, 11, 15, 20, 26, 31, 36<\/li>\n<li><em>D\u00e9crire<\/em> (8 items) : 2, 7, 12, 16, 22, 27, 32, 37<\/li>\n<li><em>Agir avec conscience<\/em> (8 items) : 5, 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, 34, 38<\/li>\n<li><em>Non-jugement de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience int\u00e9rieure<\/em> (8 items) : 3, 10, 14, 17, 25, 30, 35, 39<\/li>\n<li><em>Non-r\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience int\u00e9rieure<\/em> (7 items) : 4, 9, 19, 21, 24, 29, 33<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Items \u00e0 cotation invers\u00e9e :<\/strong> Au total, 19 items doivent \u00eatre invers\u00e9s avant le calcul des scores (1 devient 5, 2 devient 4, 3 reste 3, 4 devient 2, 5 devient 1). Ces items sont : <strong>3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, 25, 28, 30, 34, 35, 38, 39<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcul des scores :<\/strong> Les scores de chaque sous-\u00e9chelle s&rsquo;obtiennent par la somme ou la moyenne des items constitutifs apr\u00e8s inversion. Des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s refl\u00e8tent des comp\u00e9tences accrues dans la facette correspondante.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication initiale :<\/strong> 2006.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Droits d&rsquo;auteur et permissions :<\/strong> Le FFMQ est un instrument appartenant au domaine public acad\u00e9mique. Les auteurs (Ruth A. Baer et coll\u00e8gues) ont mis l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle gracieusement \u00e0 la disposition de la communaut\u00e9 scientifique internationale pour une utilisation en recherche et en pratique clinique non commerciale. Aucune redevance (<em>royalty<\/em>) ni demande d&rsquo;autorisation formelle n&rsquo;est exig\u00e9e pour son administration dans des contextes universitaires ou de soins, sous r\u00e9serve de citer scrupuleusement la publication princeps (Baer et al., 2006).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarifs :<\/strong> Gratuit pour la recherche et l&rsquo;exercice clinique sans but lucratif. L&rsquo;utilisation dans le cadre de plateformes logicielles commerciales propri\u00e9taires peut n\u00e9cessiter une consultation directe des auteurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., &amp; Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. <em>Assessment<\/em>, 11(3), 191\u2013206. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191104268029\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191104268029<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., &amp; Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. <em>Assessment<\/em>, 13(1), 27\u201345. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191105283504\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191105283504<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., &amp; Sauer, S. (2008). Construct validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. <em>Assessment<\/em>, 15(3), 329\u2013342. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191107313003\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191107313003<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Bohlmeijer, E., ten Klooster, P. M., Fledderus, M., Veehof, M., &amp; Baer, R. A. (2011). Psychometric properties of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in depressed adults and development of a short form. <em>Assessment<\/em>, 18(3), 308\u2013320. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191111408231\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191111408231<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Brown, K. W., &amp; Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology<\/em>, 84(4), 822\u2013848. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.84.4.822\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.84.4.822<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Heeren, A., Douilliez, C., Peschard, V., Debrauwere, E., &amp; Philippot, P. (2011). Cross-cultural validity of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire: Adaptation and validation in a French-speaking sample. <em>European Review of Applied Psychology \/ Revue Europ\u00e9enne de Psychologie Appliqu\u00e9e<\/em>, 61(3), 147\u2013151. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.erap.2011.02.001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.erap.2011.02.001<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I\u2019m walking\u201a I deliberately notice the sensations of my body moving.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I\u2019m good at finding words to describe my feelings.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I criticize myself for ha\u200eving irrational or inappropriate emotions.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I perceive my feelings and emotions without ha\u200eving to react to them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I do things\u201a my mind wanders off and I\u2019m easily distracted.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I take a shower or bath\u201a I stay alert to the sensations of water on my body.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can easily put my beliefs\u201a opinions\u201a and expectations into words.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I don\u2019t pay attention to what I\u2019m doing because I\u2019m daydreaming\u201a worrying\u201a or otherwise distracted.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I watch my feelings without getting lost in them.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I tell myself I shouldn\u2019t be feeling the way I\u2019m feeling.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I notice how foods and drinks affect my thoughts\u201a bodily sensations\u201a and emotions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It\u2019s hard for me to find the words to describe what I\u2019m thinking.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I am easily distracted.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I believe some of my thoughts are abnormal or bad and I shouldn\u2019t think that way.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I pay attention to sensations\u201a such as the wind in my hair or sun on my face.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I have trouble thinking of the right words to express how I feel about things.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I make judgments about whether my thoughts are good or bad.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find it difficult to stay focused on what\u2019s happening in the present.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I have distressing thoughts or images\u201a I \u201cstep back\u201d and am aware of the thought or image without getting taken over by it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I pay attention to sounds\u201a such as clocks ticking\u201a birds chirping\u201a or cars passing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In difficult situations\u201a I can pause without immediately reacting.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I have a sensation in my body\u201a it\u2019s difficult for me to describe it because I can\u2019t find the right words.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">It seems I am \u201crunning on automatic\u201d without much awareness of what I\u2019m doing.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I have distressing thoughts or images\u201a I feel calm soon after.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I tell myself that I shouldn\u2019t be thinking the way I\u2019m thinking.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I notice the smells and aromas of things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Even when I\u2019m feeling terribly upset\u201a I can find a way to put it into words.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I rush through activities without being really attentive to them.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I have distressing thoughts or images I am able just to notice them without reacting.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I think some of my emotions are bad or inappropriate and I shouldn\u2019t feel them.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I notice visual elements in art or nature\u201a such as colors\u201a shapes\u201a textures\u201a or patterns of light and shadow.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">My natural tendency is to put my experiences into words.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I have distressing thoughts or images\u201a I just notice them and let them go.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I do jobs or tasks automatically\u201a without being aware of what I\u2019m doing.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When I have distressing thoughts or images\u201a I judge myself as good or bad\u201a depending what the thought\/image is about.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I pay attention to how my emotions affect my thoughts and behavior.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I can usually describe how I feel at the moment in considerable detail.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I find myself doing things without paying attention.*<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I disapprove of myself when I have irrational ideas.*<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Questionnaire des cinq facettes de la pleine conscience (FFMQ), d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Baer et al. (2006), mesure cinq composantes de la pleine conscience \u00e0 travers 39 items valid\u00e9s en recherche et clinique.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[408,2017,2],"tags":[63,1301,2020,2021,1179,711,16,841,15196,289],"class_list":["post-11294","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluations-cliniques","category-pleine-conscience","category-psychometrie","tag-evaluation-psychologique","tag-ffmq","tag-mbct","tag-mbsr","tag-mindfulness","tag-pleine-conscience","tag-psychometrie","tag-regulation-emotionnelle","tag-ruth-baer","tag-tcc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11294"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11294\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11294"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}