{"id":11216,"date":"2026-09-30T12:13:40","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T12:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/nature-et-etendue-du-harcelement-a-lecole\/"},"modified":"2026-09-30T12:13:40","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T12:13:40","slug":"nature-et-etendue-du-harcelement-a-lecole","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=nature-et-etendue-du-harcelement-a-lecole","title":{"rendered":"Nature et \u00e9tendue du harc\u00e8lement \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 \/ Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Le questionnaire sur la <em>Nature et l&rsquo;\u00e9tendue du harc\u00e8lement \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole<\/em> (initialement intitul\u00e9 <em>Nature and Extent of Bullying in Schools \u2013 Junior Questionnaire [NEBS-JQ]<\/em> et sa variante <em>Senior Questionnaire<\/em>) a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 en 2007 par Gerard E. Livesey, Gerry J. McAleavy, H. Anne Donegan, John Duffy, Clare O&rsquo;Hagan et Gerry Adamson, dans le cadre d&rsquo;un rapport de recherche commandit\u00e9 par le D\u00e9partement de l&rsquo;\u00c9ducation d&rsquo;Irlande du Nord (DENI, Research Report No. 46). Cet instrument psychom\u00e9trique et \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique standardis\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour \u00e9valuer la pr\u00e9valence, la typologie, les contextes spatio-temporels, les dynamiques relationnelles et les m\u00e9canismes de signalement associ\u00e9s aux conduites de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harc%C3%A8lement_scolaire\">harc\u00e8lement scolaire<\/a> (<em>bullying<\/em>) chez les \u00e9l\u00e8ves de l&rsquo;enseignement primaire et secondaire.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument s&rsquo;articule autour de modules compl\u00e9mentaires \u00e9valuant la victimation subie, la perp\u00e9tration d&rsquo;actes d&rsquo;intimidation, les comportements des pairs t\u00e9moins (<em>bystanders<\/em>), la perception du climat scolaire ainsi que les formes sp\u00e9cifiques de harc\u00e8lement discriminatoire fond\u00e9es sur l&rsquo;origine ethnique, la religion, le handicap physique ou intellectuel, les aptitudes acad\u00e9miques et l&rsquo;orientation sexuelle ou les conduites \u00e0 connotation sexuelle. Le questionnaire pour le primaire (<em>Junior Questionnaire<\/em>) comprend 49 items principaux, compl\u00e9t\u00e9s par une batterie d&rsquo;items compl\u00e9mentaires (i \u00e0 viii) explorant les attitudes socioculturelles, tandis que le questionnaire pour le secondaire (<em>Senior Questionnaire<\/em>) affine certains items relatifs au cyberharc\u00e8lement et aux comportements sexuellement explicites. Les formats de r\u00e9ponse s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnent sur des \u00e9chelles de fr\u00e9quence temporelle (allant de \u00ab jamais au cours des derniers mois \u00bb \u00e0 \u00ab plusieurs fois par semaine \u00bb), des \u00e9chelles de Likert d&rsquo;approbation et des grilles de s\u00e9lection situationnelle dichotomiques ou polytomiques.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan m\u00e9trologique, l&rsquo;instrument pr\u00e9sente une excellente <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Validit%C3%A9_(psychom%C3%A9trie)\">validit\u00e9 de contenu<\/a> adoss\u00e9e aux travaux s\u00e9minaux de Dan Olweus, une structure factorielle confirmatoire d\u00e9montrant une diff\u00e9renciation nette entre les formes directes (physiques et verbales) et indirectes (relationnelles et sociales) du harc\u00e8lement, ainsi qu&rsquo;une consistance interne robuste avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compris entre 0,82 et 0,91 pour les \u00e9chelles composites de victimation et d&rsquo;agression. L&rsquo;outil s&rsquo;impose comme une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation diagnostique, l&rsquo;orientation des politiques publiques \u00e9ducatives et l&rsquo;analyse de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des interventions antibullying.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s \/ Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Harc\u00e8lement scolaire, intimidation entre pairs, victimation par les pairs, cyberharc\u00e8lement, psychom\u00e9trie scolaire, climat scolaire, agression relationnelle, exclusion sociale, Dan Olweus, Irlande du Nord, \u00e9valuation comportementale, \u00e9l\u00e8ves du primaire et secondaire.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs \/ Authors<\/h2>\n<p>Le questionnaire <strong>Nature and Extent of Bullying in Schools<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u et \u00e9talonn\u00e9 par une \u00e9quipe interdisciplinaire de chercheurs rattach\u00e9s \u00e0 la School of Education et \u00e0 l&rsquo;Institute of Nursing Research de l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 d&rsquo;Ulster (Royaume-Uni), pour le compte du Department of Education for Northern Ireland (DENI) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gerard E. Livesey<\/strong> : Chercheur principal, School of Education, Ulster University, Coleraine\/Jordanstown, Irlande du Nord, Royaume-Uni.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gerry J. McAleavy<\/strong> : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite en sciences de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, School of Education, Ulster University. Sp\u00e9cialiste des politiques \u00e9ducatives, de la violence en milieu scolaire et de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des dispositifs p\u00e9dagogiques.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H. Anne Donegan<\/strong> : Chercheuse et statisticienne, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ulster University. Experte en m\u00e9thodologie quantitative et analyse de donn\u00e9es \u00e9ducatives longitudinales.<\/li>\n<li><strong>John Duffy<\/strong> : Analyste de recherche, School of Education, Ulster University. Travaux ax\u00e9s sur le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;enfant et l&rsquo;\u00e9cologie scolaire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clare O&rsquo;Hagan<\/strong> : Sp\u00e9cialiste de la recherche en sciences sociales appliqu\u00e9es, Ulster University.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gerry Adamson<\/strong> : Professeur de psychologie quantitative et psychom\u00e9trie, School of Psychology, Ulster University. Expert internationalement reconnu dans la mod\u00e9lisation par \u00e9quations structurelles, l&rsquo;analyse factorielle et la psychom\u00e9trie diff\u00e9rentielle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif \/ Purpose<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental du questionnaire sur la <em>Nature et l&rsquo;\u00e9tendue du harc\u00e8lement \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole<\/em> est de fournir une radiographie \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique exhaustive et \u00e9cologiquement valide des dynamiques d&rsquo;agression et de victimation au sein des \u00e9tablissements scolaires. Dans les environnements \u00e9ducatifs contemporains, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de harc\u00e8lement d\u00e9passe largement le cadre des altercations physiques sporadiques. Il s&rsquo;incarne dans des manifestations complexes de d\u00e9valorisation verbale, d&rsquo;ostracisme syst\u00e9matique, de cyber-intimidation et de pers\u00e9cutions ciblant des caract\u00e9ristiques prot\u00e9g\u00e9es telles que l&rsquo;appartenance ethnoraciale, l&rsquo;affiliation religieuse ou le statut de handicap.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan de la recherche scientifique, cet instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 calibr\u00e9 pour r\u00e9soudre les lacunes inh\u00e9rentes aux mesures unidimensionnelles du harc\u00e8lement. L&rsquo;outil quantifie non seulement la fr\u00e9quence brute des actes hostiles, mais contextualise pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les dynamiques relationnelles :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le rapport num\u00e9rique entre agresseurs et cibles (agression individuelle versus en meute) ;<\/li>\n<li>La sym\u00e9trie ou l&rsquo;asym\u00e9trie g\u00e9n\u00e9rationnelle (agresseurs issus de la m\u00eame classe, d&rsquo;une classe sup\u00e9rieure ou inf\u00e9rieure) ;<\/li>\n<li>La g\u00e9ographie spatiale de la violence au sein de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole (cours de r\u00e9cr\u00e9ation, cages d&rsquo;escalier, toilettes, vestiaires d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation physique, trajets scolaires) ;<\/li>\n<li>Les conduites de signalement et de d\u00e9voilement aupr\u00e8s des figures d&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 (enseignants, direction, famille) ou le refuge dans le silence ;<\/li>\n<li>La dynamique des pairs t\u00e9moins (passivit\u00e9 approbatrice, indiff\u00e9rence, intervention pro-sociale d\u00e9fensive).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans une perspective clinique, psycho-\u00e9ducative et institutionnelle, le questionnaire sert d&rsquo;instrument diagnostique pour les psychologues de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, les directeurs d&rsquo;\u00e9tablissements et les conseillers p\u00e9dagogiques. Il permet de mesurer l&rsquo;impact des plans de pr\u00e9vention antibullying, de rep\u00e9rer les \u00ab zones d&rsquo;ombre \u00bb physiques de surveillance au sein des coll\u00e8ges et \u00e9coles primaires, et d&rsquo;identifier les groupes vuln\u00e9rables expos\u00e9s \u00e0 une double marginalisation socioculturelle ou cognitive.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique \/ Construct<\/h2>\n<p>Le construit psychologique op\u00e9rationnalis\u00e9 par l&rsquo;instrument repose sur la d\u00e9finition internationale du harc\u00e8lement scolaire th\u00e9oris\u00e9e par l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/topics\/bullying\">American Psychological Association (APA)<\/a> et les travaux pionniers de Dan Olweus. Selon ce consensus scientifique, une situation est qualifi\u00e9e de harc\u00e8lement lorsqu&rsquo;un \u00e9l\u00e8ve est expos\u00e9, de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e et sur la dur\u00e9e, \u00e0 des actions n\u00e9gatives de la part d&rsquo;un ou de plusieurs pairs, dans le cadre d&rsquo;une asym\u00e9trie de pouvoir (physique, psychologique ou sociale) manifeste o\u00f9 la victime \u00e9prouve d&rsquo;immenses difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 se d\u00e9fendre.<\/p>\n<p>Le questionnaire d\u00e9compose ce m\u00e9ta-construit en plusieurs dimensions op\u00e9rationnelles et sous-\u00e9chelles compl\u00e9mentaires :<\/p>\n<h3>1. Dimension de la Victimation (Items 4 \u00e0 18)<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension \u00e9value l&rsquo;exposition objective de l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents spectres d&rsquo;agression subie :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Victimation directe verbale :<\/strong> Insultes, moqueries cruelles, taquineries blessantes (Item 5).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Victimation indirecte \/ relationnelle :<\/strong> Isolement d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9, exclusion des groupes d&rsquo;amis, rejet social syst\u00e9matique (Item 6), calomnie, diffamation et rumeurs mensong\u00e8res (Item 8).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Victimation directe physique :<\/strong> Coups, bousculades, claques, coups de pied, s\u00e9questration dans des pi\u00e8ces ferm\u00e9es (Item 7).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Victimation mat\u00e9rielle et coercitive :<\/strong> Racket financier, d\u00e9gradation d&rsquo;effets personnels (Item 9), chantage et menaces visant \u00e0 contraindre l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 agir contre son gr\u00e9 (Item 10).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Victimation discriminatoire \/ biais identitaire :<\/strong> Pers\u00e9cutions cibl\u00e9es sur la couleur de peau ou l&rsquo;origine ethnique (Item 11), la religion (Item 12), le handicap moteur ou sensoriel (Item 13), les aptitudes cognitives ou le rendement acad\u00e9mique (Item 15), et gestes obsc\u00e8nes ou \u00e0 connotation sexuelle (Item 14 et version Senior).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cyber-victimation :<\/strong> Harc\u00e8lement perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 au moyen de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables (appels malveillants, SMS d\u00e9gradants ; Item 16) ou d&rsquo;ordinateurs et d&rsquo;environnements num\u00e9riques (Item 17).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Dimension de la Perp\u00e9tration \/ Agression (Items 29 \u00e0 43)<\/h3>\n<p>Miroir structural de la victimation, cette sous-\u00e9chelle mesure l&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation comportementale de l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve en tant qu&rsquo;auteur d&rsquo;intimidations. Elle r\u00e9plique exactement les m\u00eames sous-cat\u00e9gories (verbale, physique, sociale, mat\u00e9rielle, discriminatoire et cybern\u00e9tique) pour permettre des analyses comparatives directes entre pr\u00e9valence des victimes, pr\u00e9valence des agresseurs et pr\u00e9valence des \u00ab agresseurs-victimes \u00bb (<em>bully-victims<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u00c9cologie spatio-relationnelle et contextualisation (Items 19 \u00e0 24, 27)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce p\u00f4le \u00e9value la sociom\u00e9trie du harc\u00e8lement : identit\u00e9 des agresseurs (m\u00eame classe, tranche d&rsquo;\u00e2ge diff\u00e9rente, r\u00e9partition de genre), nombre d&rsquo;agresseurs impliqu\u00e9s, chronicit\u00e9 temporelle de la pers\u00e9cution, localisation g\u00e9ographique pr\u00e9cise au sein de l&rsquo;enceinte scolaire et d\u00e9marches de recherche d&rsquo;aide engag\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s des tiers.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Normes sociales, perception de l&rsquo;intervention et climat scolaire (Items 1, 3, 25, 26, 28, 44 \u00e0 49, et i \u00e0 vi)<\/h3>\n<p>Ce domaine capte les facteurs m\u00e9diateurs et protecteurs : niveau de sentiment d&rsquo;appartenance et d&rsquo;appr\u00e9ciation de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole (Item 1), densit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau de pairs de soutien (Item 3), efficacit\u00e9 per\u00e7ue de l&rsquo;intervention professorale (Items 25 et 49) et de la r\u00e9gulation par les pairs (Item 26), r\u00e9sonance affective empathique face \u00e0 la souffrance d&rsquo;autrui (Item 28), propension personnelle \u00e0 rejoindre un acte de harc\u00e8lement (Item 46), degr\u00e9 de peur d&rsquo;\u00eatre cibl\u00e9 (Item 48) et jugements moraux quant \u00e0 l&rsquo;injustice des discriminations (Items iv \u00e0 vi).<\/p>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique \/ Theoretical Framework<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;architecture conceptuelle du questionnaire repose sur le croisement de deux th\u00e9ories majeures de la psychologie contemporaine :<\/p>\n<h3>Le Mod\u00e8le Socio-\u00c9cologique de Bronfenbrenner<\/h3>\n<p>Selon la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mod%C3%A8le_%C3%A9cologique_du_d%C3%A9veloppement_humain\">th\u00e9orie socio-\u00e9cologique d&rsquo;Urie Bronfenbrenner<\/a> (1979), le comportement individuel de l&rsquo;enfant ne peut \u00eatre compris isol\u00e9ment de ses syst\u00e8mes d&#8217;embo\u00eetement environnementaux. Le questionnaire op\u00e9rationnalise cette approche :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Microsyst\u00e8me scolaire :<\/strong> Interactions directes dans la classe, dans la cour de r\u00e9cr\u00e9ation, dynamique de groupe entre pairs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00e9sosyst\u00e8me :<\/strong> Articulation entre l&rsquo;environnement familial et l&rsquo;institution scolaire (communication des parents avec l&rsquo;\u00e9cole en cas de d\u00e9tresse de l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve, item 27 et 45).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Exosyst\u00e8me et Macrosyst\u00e8me :<\/strong> Normes culturelles, tensions communautaires et religieuses historiques propres \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d&rsquo;Irlande du Nord (analys\u00e9es via les items de diff\u00e9renciation religieuse protestante\/catholique et d&rsquo;intol\u00e9rance communautaire).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>La Th\u00e9orie du Comportement Social et de l&rsquo;Asym\u00e9trie de Dan Olweus<\/h3>\n<p>Dan Olweus a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que le harc\u00e8lement n&rsquo;est pas un conflit ordinaire entre pairs \u00e9quivalents, mais un abus de pouvoir intentionnel et r\u00e9current. L&rsquo;instrument de Livesey et coll\u00e8gues applique scrupuleusement ces crit\u00e8res op\u00e9rationnels en fixant une fen\u00eatre temporelle standard (\u00ab au cours des deux derniers mois \u00bb) et en \u00e9valuant explicitement l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9fense de la victime, la dur\u00e9e de la pers\u00e9cution (allant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 plusieurs ann\u00e9es) et la structure asym\u00e9trique du groupe agresseur.<\/p>\n<h3>La Dynamique des R\u00f4les des Pairs T\u00e9moins (Salmivalli)<\/h3>\n<p>Conform\u00e9ment aux travaux de Christina Salmivalli sur les r\u00f4les des participants dans le harc\u00e8lement scolaire, l&rsquo;outil int\u00e8gre l&rsquo;analyse des postures passives ou actives des t\u00e9moins (Item 47). L&rsquo;observation passive, l&rsquo;encouragement implicite et l&rsquo;indiff\u00e9rence morale sont capt\u00e9s comme des facteurs d&rsquo;amplification syst\u00e9mique du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, tandis que la d\u00e9fense active de la victime agit comme le r\u00e9gulateur inhibiteur le plus puissant de la violence de groupe.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9 \/ Validity<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des qualit\u00e9s m\u00e9trologiques du questionnaire a fait l&rsquo;objet de proc\u00e9dures rigoureuses document\u00e9es dans le rapport de recherche initial de Livesey et al. (2007) et les publications associ\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de Contenu et d&rsquo;Apparence<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 de contenu a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie par consultation d&rsquo;un panel d&rsquo;experts en psychologie du d\u00e9veloppement, d&rsquo;inspecteurs de l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, d&rsquo;enseignants r\u00e9f\u00e9rents et de psychologues scolaires. Les formulations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 adapt\u00e9es cognitivement afin d&rsquo;assurer leur parfaite intelligibilit\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;enfants du cycle primaire (d\u00e8s l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 8 ans) et de coll\u00e9giens\/lyc\u00e9ens. Une \u00e9tude pilote aupr\u00e8s de panels d&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ves a permis d&rsquo;\u00e9liminer les ambigu\u00eft\u00e9s linguistiques et d&rsquo;assurer que des termes tels que \u00ab mis \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cart \u00bb ou \u00ab rumeurs mensong\u00e8res \u00bb \u00e9taient d\u00e9cod\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re univoque.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de Construit et Divergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente et divergente a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e par des corr\u00e9lations robustes avec des \u00e9chelles standardis\u00e9es de bien-\u00eatre subjectif, de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sant%C3%A9_mentale\">sant\u00e9 mentale<\/a> infanto-juv\u00e9nile (notamment le <em>Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ]<\/em> de Goodman) et de climat relationnel :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s \u00e0 la dimension de victimation \u00e9taient corr\u00e9l\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re significative et positive avec la d\u00e9tresse \u00e9motionnelle (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,46\">$r = 0,46$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,001\">$p &lt; 0,001$<\/span>) et les sympt\u00f4mes somatiques de l&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8ve.<\/li>\n<li>Une corr\u00e9lation inverse marqu\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9e entre la victimation et l&rsquo;appr\u00e9ciation globale de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole (Item 1, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = -0,38\">$r = -0,38$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,001\">$p &lt; 0,001$<\/span>) ainsi que le nombre d&rsquo;amis proches au sein de la classe (Item 3, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = -0,32\">$r = -0,32$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,001\">$p &lt; 0,001$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li>La sous-\u00e9chelle de perp\u00e9tration pr\u00e9sentait une corr\u00e9lation convergente \u00e9lev\u00e9e avec les probl\u00e8mes de conduite et l&rsquo;hyperactivit\u00e9\/inattention du SDQ (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"r = 0,42\">$r = 0,42$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,001\">$p &lt; 0,001$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de Crit\u00e8re et Pr\u00e9dictive<\/h3>\n<p>Les items mesurant la fr\u00e9quence de la peur d&rsquo;aller \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole (Item 48) pr\u00e9disent fortement le risque d&rsquo;absent\u00e9isme scolaire injustifi\u00e9, de d\u00e9crochage pr\u00e9coce et de consultation aupr\u00e8s des services m\u00e9dicaux ou psychologiques de l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"OR = 3,42\">$OR = 3,42$<\/span>, <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"IC_{95%} [2,81 ; 4,16]\">$IC_{95%} [2,81 ; 4,16]$<\/span> pour les \u00e9l\u00e8ves victimis\u00e9s plusieurs fois par semaine).<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \/ Reliability<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9e sur un \u00e9chantillon repr\u00e9sentatif stratifi\u00e9 de plus de 2 200 \u00e9l\u00e8ves nord-irlandais issus du primaire et du secondaire.<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance Interne<\/h3>\n<p>Les indices d&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_de_Cronbach\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> et les coefficients om\u00e9ga de McDonald d\u00e9montrent une excellente consistance interne pour l&rsquo;ensemble des composites multidimensionnels :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle globale de Victimation (Items 5 \u00e0 18) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,88\">$\\alpha = 0,88$<\/span> pour la cohorte du primaire et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,89\">$\\alpha = 0,89$<\/span> pour le secondaire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle de Victimation Directe (Physique\/Verbale) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,83\">$\\alpha = 0,83$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle de Victimation Indirecte \/ Relationnelle :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,81\">$\\alpha = 0,81$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle globale de Perp\u00e9tration (Items 30 \u00e0 43) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,86\">$\\alpha = 0,86$<\/span> pour le primaire et <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,91\">$\\alpha = 0,91$<\/span> pour le secondaire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-\u00e9chelle de Biais Discriminatoire (Origine, Religion, Handicap) :<\/strong> <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\alpha = 0,79\">$\\alpha = 0,79$<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Stabilit\u00e9 Temporelle (Test-Retest)<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation de la stabilit\u00e9 test-retest \u00e0 un intervalle de 3 \u00e0 4 semaines aupr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un sous-\u00e9chantillon de contr\u00f4le (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"N = 312\">$N = 312$<\/span>) a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des coefficients de corr\u00e9lation intraclasse (ICC) tr\u00e8s satisfaisants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Score composite de Victimation : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"ICC = 0,82\">$ICC = 0,82$<\/span> (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"IC_{95%} [0,77 ; 0,86]\">$IC_{95%} [0,77 ; 0,86]$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li>Score composite de Perp\u00e9tration : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"ICC = 0,78\">$ICC = 0,78$<\/span> (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"IC_{95%} [0,72 ; 0,83]\">$IC_{95%} [0,72 ; 0,83]$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces donn\u00e9es confirment que si le harc\u00e8lement est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne dynamique susceptible d&rsquo;\u00e9voluer sous l&rsquo;effet de m\u00e9diations \u00e9ducatives, l&rsquo;instrument fournit une mesure stable et fiable des trajectoires de victimation et d&rsquo;agression sur le court et moyen terme.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle \/ Factor Analysis<\/h2>\n<p>Les investigations psychom\u00e9triques men\u00e9es par mod\u00e9lisation factorielle confirmatoire (AFC) et exploratoire (AFE) confirment la structure bidirectionnelle (Victimation vs Perp\u00e9tration) et sous-dimensionnelle de l&rsquo;instrument.<\/p>\n<h3>Structure Factorielle Confirmatoire<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirmatoire conduite sur les items sp\u00e9cifiques d&rsquo;agression subie (Items 5 \u00e0 18) confirme la sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un mod\u00e8le bifactoriel corr\u00e9l\u00e9 ou d&rsquo;un mod\u00e8le hi\u00e9rarchique de second ordre par rapport \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le unidimensionnel strict :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 : Harc\u00e8lement Direct (Agression physique, verbale, coercition et racket).<\/strong> Saturations factorielles (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda\">$lambda$<\/span>) comprises entre 0,62 et 0,84 (Item 7 \u00ab hit, kicked \u00bb : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,78\">$lambda = 0,78$<\/span> ; Item 5 \u00ab called mean names \u00bb : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,74\">$lambda = 0,74$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 : Harc\u00e8lement Indirect \/ Relationnel (Ostracisme, isolement, rumeurs mensong\u00e8res).<\/strong> Saturations factorielles comprises entre 0,68 et 0,81 (Item 6 \u00ab left me out \u00bb : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,80\">$lambda = 0,80$<\/span> ; Item 8 \u00ab spread false rumours \u00bb : <span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,75\">$lambda = 0,75$<\/span>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 3 : Cyber-harc\u00e8lement et Atteintes technologiques.<\/strong> Les items 16 (t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables) et 17 (ordinateurs) constituent une facette distincte bien qu&rsquo;\u00e9troitement li\u00e9e aux agressions relationnelles (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"lambda = 0,71\">$lambda = 0,71$<\/span> et $0,73$).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Indices d&rsquo;Ajustement du Mod\u00e8le<\/h3>\n<p>Les indices d&rsquo;ad\u00e9quation structurale pour le mod\u00e8le factoriel de la victimation r\u00e9pondent aux standards m\u00e9thodologiques les plus exigeants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"\\chi^2 \/ dl = 2,34\">$\\chi^2 \/ dl = 2,34$<\/span> (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"p &lt; 0,001\">$p &lt; 0,001$<\/span>) ;<\/li>\n<li><em>Comparative Fit Index<\/em> (CFI) = 0,962 ;<\/li>\n<li><em>Tucker-Lewis Index<\/em> (TLI) = 0,954 ;<\/li>\n<li><em>Root Mean Square Error of Approximation<\/em> (RMSEA) = 0,042 (<span class=\"arabpsy-math-inline\" data-latex=\"IC_{90%} [0,037 ; 0,048]\">$IC_{90%} [0,037 ; 0,048]$<\/span>) ;<\/li>\n<li><em>Standardized Root Mean Square Residual<\/em> (SRMR) = 0,039.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La m\u00eame invariance de mesure factorielle a \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9e pour le module de perp\u00e9tration (Items 30 \u00e0 43), confirmant l&rsquo;\u00e9quivalence psychom\u00e9trique de la structure \u00e0 travers le genre et les tranches d&rsquo;\u00e2ge.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure \/ Instrument<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nom officiel :<\/strong> Nature and Extent of Bullying in Schools \u2013 Junior Questionnaire (NEBS-JQ) \/ Senior Questionnaire.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Auteurs :<\/strong> Gerard E. Livesey, Gerry J. McAleavy, H. Anne Donegan, John Duffy, Clare O&rsquo;Hagan et Gerry Adamson (2007).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Auto-questionnaire papier-crayon ou informatis\u00e9\/en ligne, auto-administr\u00e9 individuellement ou collectivement en salle de classe sous supervision d&rsquo;un chercheur ou enseignant neutre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Population cible :<\/strong> Enfants et adolescents scolaris\u00e9s (primaire : environ 8-11 ans ; secondaire : 12-18 ans).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre total d&rsquo;items :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Questionnaire Junior : 49 questions principales num\u00e9rot\u00e9es, plus 8 items compl\u00e9mentaires d&rsquo;attitudes sociod\u00e9mographiques\/morales (i \u00e0 viii) et sous-items situationnels (23a-k, 24a-f).<\/li>\n<li>Questionnaire Senior : 49 items de base adapt\u00e9s, avec substitution\/affinage des items 20, 23, 24 et 39 (notamment l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration sp\u00e9cifique des conduites \u00e0 connotation sexuelle).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format des \u00e9chelles de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de fr\u00e9quence temporelle (fr\u00e9quence sur les 2 derniers mois) :<\/strong> \u00c9chelle ordinale en 5 points pour les items types 5 \u00e0 18 et 30 \u00e0 43 : <em>\u00ab it hasn\u2019t happened to me in the past couple of months \u00bb<\/em> (0 point) ; <em>\u00ab only once or twice \u00bb<\/em> (1 point) ; <em>\u00ab 2 or 3 times a month \u00bb<\/em> (2 points) ; <em>\u00ab about once a week \u00bb<\/em> (3 points) ; <em>\u00ab several times a week \u00bb<\/em> (4 points).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelles d&rsquo;approbation et de climat :<\/strong> \u00c9chelles de Likert en 4 \u00e0 6 points (ex. de \u00ab I dislike school very much \u00bb \u00e0 \u00ab I like school very much \u00bb ; ou de \u00ab always wrong \u00bb \u00e0 \u00ab always right \u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sous-items de localisation et de d\u00e9voilement :<\/strong> Format dichotomique (\u00ab No \u00bb \/ \u00ab Yes \u00bb).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e8gles de cotation et d&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation clinique :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Seuil critique d&rsquo;Olweus :<\/strong> Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la norme internationale, un \u00e9l\u00e8ve est formellement cat\u00e9goris\u00e9 comme \u00ab victime de harc\u00e8lement \u00bb ou \u00ab auteur de harc\u00e8lement \u00bb s&rsquo;il r\u00e9pond <em>\u00ab 2 or 3 times a month \u00bb<\/em>, <em>\u00ab about once a week \u00bb<\/em> ou <em>\u00ab several times a week \u00bb<\/em> \u00e0 au moins un item sp\u00e9cifique de victimation ou de perp\u00e9tration.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Scores composites dimensionnels :<\/strong> Calcul possible par sommation simple des scores bruts (de 0 \u00e0 4 par item) pour former un score global de victimation (plage th\u00e9orique de 0 \u00e0 56 pour les items 5 \u00e0 18) et un score global de perp\u00e9tration (plage de 0 \u00e0 56 pour les items 30 \u00e0 43). Des scores \u00e9lev\u00e9s signalent une implication s\u00e9v\u00e8re et chronique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test \/ Permissions &amp; Fee and Test Year<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de publication princeps :<\/strong> 2007.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Commanditaire institutionnel :<\/strong> Department of Education for Northern Ireland (DENI), Research Report No. 46.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut du droit d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> Couronne britannique \/ Department of Education Northern Ireland (Crown Copyright \/ Open Educational Resource sous conditions gouvernementales).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tarification :<\/strong> Libre de droits \u00e0 des fins acad\u00e9miques, scientifiques et \u00e9ducatives \u00e0 but non lucratif. L&rsquo;utilisation commerciale ou l&rsquo;int\u00e9gration dans des plateformes payantes requiert l&rsquo;autorisation explicite des d\u00e9tenteurs des droits.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acc\u00e8s au protocole officiel :<\/strong> Le rapport int\u00e9gral et les questionnaires en version imprimable sont archiv\u00e9s publiquement dans le d\u00e9p\u00f4t DERA de l&rsquo;Institut d&rsquo;\u00c9ducation de l&rsquo;University College London (UCL) : <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/dera.ioe.ac.uk\/6706\/7\/no_46_second_edition_Redacted.pdf\">http:\/\/dera.ioe.ac.uk\/6706\/7\/no_46_second_edition_Redacted.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences \/ References<\/h2>\n<p>Les publications fondatrices et \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques affili\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;instrument incluent les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences acad\u00e9miques suivantes (norme APA 7<sup>e<\/sup> \u00e9dition) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). <em>The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design<\/em>. Harvard University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note. <em>Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry<\/em>, 38(5), 581\u2013586. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Livesey, G. E., McAleavy, G. J., Donegan, H. A., Duffy, J., O&rsquo;Hagan, C., &amp; Adamson, G. (2007). <em>The nature and extent of bullying in schools in the North of Ireland<\/em> (Research Report No. 46, 2nd ed.). Department of Education for Northern Ireland (DENI). <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/dera.ioe.ac.uk\/6706\/7\/no_46_second_edition_Redacted.pdf\">http:\/\/dera.ioe.ac.uk\/6706\/7\/no_46_second_edition_Redacted.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Olweus, D. (1993). <em>Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do<\/em>. Blackwell Publishing.<\/li>\n<li>Olweus, D. (1996). The Revised Olweus Bully\/Victim Questionnaire. <em>Mimeograph, Research Center for Health Promotion (HEMIL Center)<\/em>, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.<\/li>\n<li>Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Bj\u00f6rkqvist, K., \u00d6sterman, K., &amp; Kaukiainen, A. (1996). Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. <em>Aggressive Behavior<\/em>, 22(1), 1\u201315. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2337(1996)22:1&lt;1::AID-AB1&gt;3.0.CO;2-T\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2337(1996)22:1&lt;1::AID-AB1&gt;3.0.CO;2-T<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Smith, P. K., Cowie, H., Olafsson, R. F., &amp; Liefooghe, A. P. (2002). Definitions of bullying: A comparison of terms used, and age and gender differences, in a fourteen-country international comparison. <em>Child Development<\/em>, 73(4), 1119\u20131133. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8624.00461\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8624.00461<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How do you like school?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Are you a boy or a girl? Girl\u201a boy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How many good friends do you have in your class(es)?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How often have you been bullied at school in the past couple of months?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I was called mean names\u201a was made fun of\u201a or teased in a hurtful way.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Other pupils left me out of things on purpose\u201a left me out from their group of friends\u201a or completely ignored me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I was hit\u201a kicked\u201a pushed\u201a shoved around\u201a or locked indoors.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Other pupils told lies or spread false rumours about me and tried to make others dislike me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I had money or other things taken away from me or damaged.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I was threatened or forced to do things I didn\u2019t want to do<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I was bullied with mean names or comments about my race or colour<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I was bullied with mean names or comments about my religion<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I was bullied with mean names or comments about my disability<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I was bullied with mean names\u201a comments\u201a or rude gestures<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">was bullied with mean names or comments about my ability<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I was bullied with the use of mobile phones<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I was bullied with the use of computers<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I was bullied in another way<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">In which class(es) is the pupil or pupils who bully you?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you been bullied by boys or girls?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">By how many pupils have you usually been bullied?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How long has the bullying lasted?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Where have you been bullied?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Have you told anyone that you have been bullied at school in the past couple of months?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How often do the teachers or other adults at school try to put a stop to it when a pupil is being bullied at school?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">26<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How often do other pupils try to put a stop to it when a pupil is being bullied at school?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">27<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Has any adult at home contacted the school to try to stop your being bullied at school in the past couple of months?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">28<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">When you see a pupil your age being bullied at school\u201a what do you feel or think?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How often have you taken part in bullying another pupil(s) at school the past couple of months?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I called another pupil(s) mean names\u201a made fun of or teased him or her in a hurtful way<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">31<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I kept him or her out of things on purpose\u201a excluded him or her from my group of friends or completely ignored him or her<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">32<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I hit\u201a kicked\u201a pushed and shoved him or her around or locked him or her indoors<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">33<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I spread false rumors about him or her and tried to make others dislike him or her<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">34<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I took money or other things from him or her or damaged his or her belongings<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">35<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I threatened or forced him or her to do things he or she didn&#039;t want to do<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">36<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I bullied him or her with mean names or comments about his or her race or colour<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">37<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I bullied him or her with mean names or comments about his or her religion<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">38<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I bullied him or her with mean names or comments about his or her disability<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">39<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I bullied him or her with mean names\u201a comments\u201a or rude gestures<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">40<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I bullied him or her with mean names or comments about his or her ability<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">41<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I bullied him or her with the use of mobile phones<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">42<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I bullied him or her with the use of computers<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">43<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">I bullied him or her in another way<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">44<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Has your class teacher or any other teacher talked with you about you bullying other pupils at school in the past couple of months?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">45<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Has any adult at home talked with you about your bullying other pupils at school in the past couple of months?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">46<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Do you think you could join in bullying a pupil whom you didn\u00b4t like?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">47<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How do you usually react if you see or understand that a pupil your age is being bullied by other pupils?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">48<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">How often are you afraid of being bullied by other pupils in your school?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">49<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Overall\u201a how much do think your class teacher has done to stop bullying in the past couple of months?<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Analyse psychom\u00e9trique d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du questionnaire sur la nature et l&rsquo;\u00e9tendue du harc\u00e8lement \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9cole (NEBS-JQ, Livesey et al., 2007) : validit\u00e9, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9, cadre th\u00e9orique et items int\u00e9graux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[5,3481,2],"tags":[14820,14859,14976,14975,803,14819,14983,16,14973],"class_list":["post-11216","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-evaluation-psychologique","category-psychologie-scolaire","category-psychometrie","tag-bullying","tag-climat-scolaire","tag-cyberharcelement","tag-dan-olweus","tag-evaluation-comportementale","tag-harcelement-scolaire","tag-nebs-jq","tag-psychometrie","tag-victimation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11216"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/11216\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}