{"id":10727,"date":"2026-09-24T08:43:40","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T08:43:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/scales\/inventaire-de-depression-de-beck\/"},"modified":"2026-09-24T08:43:40","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T08:43:40","slug":"inventaire-de-depression-de-beck","status":"publish","type":"psych_scale","link":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/?psych_scale=inventaire-de-depression-de-beck","title":{"rendered":"Inventaire de d\u00e9pression de Beck"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>Inventaire de d\u00e9pression de Beck<\/strong> (couramment d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par l&rsquo;acronyme BDI, et dans sa version r\u00e9vis\u00e9e pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rante, le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beck_Depression_Inventory\">BDI-II<\/a>) constitue l&rsquo;un des instruments psychom\u00e9triques d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation les plus valid\u00e9s, reconnus et utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle internationale dans le champ de la psychiatrie, de la psychologie clinique et des neurosciences comportementales. Initialement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par le psychiatre am\u00e9ricain Aaron T. Beck en 1961, puis r\u00e9vis\u00e9 substantiellement en 1996 en collaboration avec Robert A. Steer et Gregory K. Brown, cet instrument a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour op\u00e9rationnaliser et quantifier la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 s\u00e9miologique des \u00e9pisodes d\u00e9pressifs chez les adultes et adolescents \u00e2g\u00e9s de 13 ans et plus, en congruence \u00e9troite avec les crit\u00e8res nosographiques du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (notamment le <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders\">DSM-IV<\/a> et ses it\u00e9rations subs\u00e9quentes comme le DSM-5).<\/p>\n<p>Le questionnaire est compos\u00e9 de 21 items polysymptomatiques explorant les dimensions cognitives, affectives, motivationnelles et somato-v\u00e9g\u00e9tatives de la d\u00e9pression. Chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9 propose un format de r\u00e9ponse en quatre points (\u00e9chelonn\u00e9 de 0 \u00e0 3), dot\u00e9 d&rsquo;ancrages comportementaux sp\u00e9cifiques et gradu\u00e9s refl\u00e9tant l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 croissante du sympt\u00f4me au cours des deux derni\u00e8res semaines. Le score global oscille entre 0 et 63 points, permettant une stratification clinique normalis\u00e9e en quatre niveaux de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 : d\u00e9pression minimale (0 \u00e0 13), d\u00e9pression l\u00e9g\u00e8re (14 \u00e0 19), d\u00e9pression mod\u00e9r\u00e9e (20 \u00e0 28) et d\u00e9pression s\u00e9v\u00e8re (29 \u00e0 63).<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;un point de vue psychom\u00e9trique, l&rsquo;inventaire d\u00e9montre des qualit\u00e9s remarquables document\u00e9es dans des centaines de publications ind\u00e9pendantes : une consistance interne exceptionnelle (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par un coefficient alpha de Cronbach sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 0,90 chez les cohortes cliniques et non cliniques), une fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest substantielle, ainsi qu&rsquo;une excellente validit\u00e9 convergente avec les \u00e9chelles h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-\u00e9valu\u00e9es telles que l&rsquo;<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamilton_Rating_Scale_for_Depression\">\u00c9chelle de d\u00e9pression de Hamilton<\/a> (HAM-D) ou l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de d\u00e9pression de Montgomery-\u00c5sberg (MADRS). L&rsquo;analyse factorielle confirme de mani\u00e8re pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rante une architecture bi-factorielle compos\u00e9e d&rsquo;un facteur cognitivo-affectif et d&rsquo;un facteur somatique, subsum\u00e9s sous une dimension d\u00e9pressive g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d&rsquo;ordre sup\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Inventaire de d\u00e9pression de Beck, BDI-II, psychom\u00e9trie, \u00e9valuation clinique, d\u00e9pression majeure, triade cognitive, auto-\u00e9valuation, s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 d\u00e9pressive, analyse factorielle, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest, validit\u00e9 convergente, \u00e9chelle psychologique.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Auteurs<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;instrument historique ainsi que ses r\u00e9visions majeures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7us et standardis\u00e9s par des figures pr\u00e9\u00e9minentes de la psychopathologie cognitive et de la mesure psychologique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Aaron Temkin Beck, M.D.<\/strong> (1921\u20132021) : Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de psychiatrie \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Pennsylvanie (Perelman School of Medicine), fondateur de la th\u00e9rapie cognitive et pr\u00e9sident d&rsquo;honneur du Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Ses travaux pionniers ont r\u00e9volutionn\u00e9 la conceptualisation et le traitement des troubles de l&rsquo;humeur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Robert A. Steer, Ed.D.<\/strong> : Professeur de psychiatrie \u00e0 la Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine (anciennement UMDNJ), psychom\u00e9tricien \u00e9m\u00e9rite ayant co-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 et standardis\u00e9 les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s statistiques du BDI, du BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) et de la BHS (Beck Hopelessness Scale).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gregory K. Brown, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Directeur du Center for the Prevention of Suicide et professeur associ\u00e9 de psychologie clinique en psychiatrie \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Pennsylvanie, co-auteur de la r\u00e9vision BDI-II de 1996.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A.J. Willem van der Does, Ph.D.<\/strong> : Professeur de psychologie clinique \u00e0 l&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de Leyde (Pays-Bas), responsable de la standardisation n\u00e9erlandaise de 2002 cit\u00e9e dans la documentation source du pr\u00e9sent instrument.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Objectif<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;objectif fondamental de l&rsquo;Inventaire de d\u00e9pression de Beck r\u00e9side dans la quantification standardis\u00e9e, objective et reproductible de la pr\u00e9sence et de la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 des manifestations d\u00e9pressives chez les individus \u00e2g\u00e9s de 13 ans et plus. Contrairement aux approches cat\u00e9gorielles strictes visant uniquement \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer la pr\u00e9sence ou l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;un trouble psychiatrique binaire, le BDI a \u00e9t\u00e9 pens\u00e9 selon une perspective dimensionnelle et s\u00e9miologique continue.<\/p>\n<h3>Applications cliniques et psychiatriques<\/h3>\n<p>En contexte de pratique psychiatrique et psychoth\u00e9rapeutique ambulatoire ou hospitali\u00e8re, le BDI remplit plusieurs fonctions diagnostiques et th\u00e9rapeutiques cardinales :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9pistage et \u00e9valuation initiale :<\/strong> Il permet de d\u00e9tecter rapidement les signes cliniques pr\u00e9curseurs ou av\u00e9r\u00e9s d&rsquo;un \u00e9pisode d\u00e9pressif majeur, d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer le retentissement subjectif per\u00e7u par le patient et de calibrer la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 basale avant toute intervention th\u00e9rapeutique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Suivi longitudinal et monitorage de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 th\u00e9rapeutique :<\/strong> Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa grande sensibilit\u00e9 au changement th\u00e9rapeutique, l&rsquo;inventaire est fr\u00e9quemment administr\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re s\u00e9quentielle (toutes les semaines ou toutes les deux semaines) pour mesurer la r\u00e9ponse aux antid\u00e9presseurs pharmacologiques ou aux interventions de <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy\">th\u00e9rapie cognitivo-comportementale<\/a> (TCC), facilitant l&rsquo;ajustement dynamique des plans de soins.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Surveillance du risque suicidaire :<\/strong> L&rsquo;item 9 \u00e9value sp\u00e9cifiquement les pens\u00e9es et souhaits de passage \u00e0 l&rsquo;acte autodestructeur. Il agit comme un signal d&rsquo;alerte clinique imm\u00e9diat n\u00e9cessitant une exploration approfondie de l&rsquo;urgence et du potentiel suicidaires.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Applications en recherche \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique et fondamentale<\/h3>\n<p>Dans le domaine de la recherche translationnelle, des neurosciences cognitives et des essais cliniques randomis\u00e9s contr\u00f4l\u00e9s (RCT), le BDI repr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;\u00e9talon-or des crit\u00e8res de jugement principaux (endpoints) ou secondaires pour tester l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de nouvelles mol\u00e9cules pharmacologiques, d&rsquo;approches de neuromodulation (telles que la stimulation magn\u00e9tique transcr\u00e2nienne r\u00e9p\u00e9titive &#8211; rTMS) ou de protocoles psychoth\u00e9rapeutiques innovants. Sa reproductibilit\u00e9 et sa neutralit\u00e9 linguistique facilitent les m\u00e9ta-analyses internationales et les \u00e9tudes comparatives multi-sites.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Construit psychologique<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;Inventaire de d\u00e9pression de Beck conceptualise la d\u00e9pression non pas comme un simple affect n\u00e9gatif isol\u00e9, mais comme un syndrome multidimensionnel complexe englobant des dysfonctionnements cognitifs profonds, des perturbations affectives manifestes, une d\u00e9bilitation motivationnelle et des alt\u00e9rations neurov\u00e9g\u00e9tatives majeures. Les 21 items op\u00e9rationnalisent sp\u00e9cifiquement cette pluralit\u00e9 s\u00e9miologique.<\/p>\n<h3>Dimension cognitive et perception de soi<\/h3>\n<p>Cette composante capture les alt\u00e9rations de la structure de pens\u00e9e et les distorsions cognitives syst\u00e9matiques caract\u00e9risant la vision n\u00e9gative du soi, du monde et de l&rsquo;avenir :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pessimisme (Item 2) :<\/strong> \u00c9value le sentiment de d\u00e9couragement, l&rsquo;impuissance apprise et la croyance in\u00e9branlable que l&rsquo;avenir est d\u00e9nu\u00e9 d&rsquo;espoir et vou\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;aggravation continue.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chec pass\u00e9 (Item 3) :<\/strong> Mesure la rem\u00e9moration s\u00e9lective des insucc\u00e8s ant\u00e9rieurs et l&rsquo;attribution interne g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e aboutissant au sentiment subjectif d&rsquo;\u00eatre un \u00e9chec total en tant que personne humaine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sentiments de culpabilit\u00e9 (Item 5) et d&rsquo;autoch\u00e2timent (Item 6) :<\/strong> Quantifie l&rsquo;autocritique exacerb\u00e9e, les remords excessifs ou irrationnels portant sur des fautes r\u00e9elles ou imaginaires, et l&rsquo;attente passive d&rsquo;une r\u00e9tribution punitive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9samour de soi (Item 7) et autocritique (Item 8) :<\/strong> Saisit la d\u00e9valorisation narcissique, la perte d&rsquo;estime personnelle et la tendance pers\u00e9cutrice \u00e0 s&rsquo;accuser de tous les dysfonctionnements environnementaux.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00e9valorisation personnelle (Item 14) :<\/strong> Explore l&rsquo;impression d&rsquo;inutilit\u00e9 totale, d&rsquo;inf\u00e9riorit\u00e9 comparative et d&rsquo;ill\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 existentielle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Dimension affective et \u00e9motionnelle<\/h3>\n<p>Cette dimension regroupe les tonalit\u00e9s fondamentales de l&rsquo;humeur dysphorique et de l&rsquo;anh\u00e9donie :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tristesse (Item 1) :<\/strong> Mesure la pr\u00e9sence, l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;envahissement continu de l&rsquo;humeur d\u00e9pressive, allant d&rsquo;un d\u00e9couragement passager \u00e0 un \u00e9tat d&rsquo;accablement intol\u00e9rable.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Perte de plaisir \/ Anh\u00e9donie (Item 4) :<\/strong> Quantifie l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 progressive ou totale \u00e0 \u00e9prouver de la satisfaction \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard d&rsquo;activit\u00e9s autrefois gratifiantes (d\u00e9ficit cl\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9compense m\u00e9solimbique).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pleurs (Item 10) :<\/strong> Saisit l&rsquo;hyperr\u00e9activit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle (crises de larmes spontan\u00e9es) ou, \u00e0 l&rsquo;extr\u00eame oppos\u00e9 dans les formes m\u00e9lancoliques s\u00e9v\u00e8res, l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 douloureuse et d\u00e9sesp\u00e9rante d&rsquo;ext\u00e9rioriser ses affects par les larmes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Irritabilit\u00e9 (Item 17) :<\/strong> \u00c9value l&rsquo;intol\u00e9rance aux frustrations, la susceptibilit\u00e9 accrue et les r\u00e9actions d&rsquo;exasp\u00e9ration relationnelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Dimension somatique et neurov\u00e9g\u00e9tative<\/h3>\n<p>Refl\u00e9tant les d\u00e9r\u00e9gulations neuroendocriniennes sous-jacentes (notamment l&rsquo;axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surr\u00e9nalien), ces items explorent l&rsquo;\u00e9puisement vital et les perturbations hom\u00e9ostatiques :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Perte d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie (Item 15) et fatigue (Item 20) :<\/strong> \u00c9value l&rsquo;asth\u00e9nie psychomotrice, l&rsquo;\u00e9puisement rapide \u00e0 l&rsquo;effort minime et l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 initier les comportements instrumentaux du quotidien.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alt\u00e9rations du sommeil (Item 16) :<\/strong> Mesure les manifestations d&rsquo;insomnie (d&rsquo;endormissement, de maintien ou r\u00e9veil matinal pr\u00e9coce) ainsi que les formes atypiques d&rsquo;hypersomnie diurne et nocturne.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Modifications de l&rsquo;app\u00e9tit (Item 18) :<\/strong> Enregistre avec pr\u00e9cision les trajectoires bipolaires d&rsquo;anorexie d\u00e9pressive (perte drastique de sensation de faim) ou de boulimie\/hyperphagie r\u00e9actionnelle avec app\u00e9tence compulsive pour les glucides.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Perte de libido (Item 21) :<\/strong> Analyse le d\u00e9clin ou l&rsquo;extinction compl\u00e8te de l&rsquo;app\u00e9tence, du d\u00e9sir et de la r\u00e9activit\u00e9 sexuelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Dimension motivationnelle et cognitive globale<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Id\u00e9ation suicidaire (Item 9) :<\/strong> Quantifie le spectre allant de la perte d&rsquo;\u00e9lan vital au d\u00e9sir actif d&rsquo;interrompre son existence avec planification explicite.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Agitation motrice (Item 11) :<\/strong> Explore la tension motrice interne, la f\u00e9brilit\u00e9 et le besoin irr\u00e9pressible de d\u00e9ambulation observ\u00e9 dans les \u00e9tats mixtes ou anxio-d\u00e9pressifs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Perte d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat social (Item 12) :<\/strong> Mesure le retrait relationnel, l&rsquo;isolement comportemental et le d\u00e9sengagement social.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ind\u00e9cision (Item 13) et difficult\u00e9s de concentration (Item 19) :<\/strong> \u00c9value l&rsquo;alt\u00e9ration des fonctions ex\u00e9cutives, l&rsquo;aboulie d\u00e9cisionnelle et l&rsquo;interf\u00e9rence cognitive rendant toute t\u00e2che de m\u00e9moire de travail laborieuse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Cadre th\u00e9orique<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;Inventaire de d\u00e9pression de Beck tire ses fondements conceptuels de la <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cognitive_therapy\">th\u00e9orie cognitive de la d\u00e9pression<\/a> formalis\u00e9e par Aaron T. Beck d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1960. Cette th\u00e9orie a constitu\u00e9 une rupture \u00e9pist\u00e9mologique majeure vis-\u00e0-vis des conceptions psychanalytiques dominantes de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque (qui consid\u00e9raient la d\u00e9pression comme une hostilit\u00e9 int\u00e9rioris\u00e9e contre le soi) et des mod\u00e8les exclusivement biologiques ou comportementaux radicaux.<\/p>\n<h3>La triade cognitive n\u00e9gative<\/h3>\n<p>Au c\u0153ur du mod\u00e8le de Beck se trouve le concept de la <em>triade cognitive<\/em>. Selon ce postulat, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne d\u00e9pressif n&rsquo;est pas initi\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re primaire par un dysfonctionnement affectif pur, mais d\u00e9coule d&rsquo;une distorsion syst\u00e9matique du traitement de l&rsquo;information guid\u00e9e par des repr\u00e9sentations n\u00e9gatives stables :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Vision n\u00e9gative de soi-m\u00eame :<\/strong> Le sujet se per\u00e7oit comme fondamentalement d\u00e9ficient, d\u00e9faillant, indigne d&rsquo;amour, coupable et vou\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chec personnel permanent (refl\u00e9t\u00e9 par les items 3, 7, 8 et 14 du BDI).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vision n\u00e9gative du monde et des exp\u00e9riences pr\u00e9sentes :<\/strong> L&rsquo;environnement est interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 comme hostile, exigeant des standards inatteignables et pla\u00e7ant sur le chemin de l&rsquo;individu des obstacles insurmontables sans la moindre r\u00e9compense (items 4, 5 et 12).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vision n\u00e9gative du futur :<\/strong> L&rsquo;anticipation syst\u00e9matique que les \u00e9preuves et les souffrances actuelles perdureront ind\u00e9finiment sans possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration, menant in\u00e9luctablement au d\u00e9sespoir (<em>hopelessness<\/em>) et \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence des id\u00e9es de mort (items 2 et 9).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ces sch\u00e9mas cognitifs latents, structur\u00e9s lors d&rsquo;exp\u00e9riences pr\u00e9coces de l&rsquo;enfance ou de traumatismes d\u00e9veloppementaux, demeurent inactifs jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ce qu&rsquo;un \u00e9v\u00e9nement de vie stressant vienne faire \u00e9cho \u00e0 la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 cognitive du sujet. Une fois activ\u00e9s, ces sch\u00e9mas biaisent les op\u00e9rations de traitement de l&rsquo;information par le biais d&rsquo;erreurs syst\u00e9matiques : inf\u00e9rence arbitraire, abstraction s\u00e9lective, surg\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation, personnalisation et pens\u00e9e dichotomique (tout-ou-rien). Le BDI a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment calibr\u00e9 pour capter les r\u00e9percussions verbalisables et conscientes de cette cascade dysfonctionnelle.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Validit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 psychom\u00e9trique du BDI-II a fait l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;investigations exhaustives dans une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9rable de contextes cliniques (psychiatrie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, oncologie, neurologie, g\u00e9riatrie) et non cliniques (milieux universitaires, populations d&rsquo;entreprises).<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 de contenu et d&rsquo;apparence<\/h3>\n<p>La r\u00e9vision vers le BDI-II a \u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifiquement entreprise pour faire correspondre le contenu des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s aux crit\u00e8res diagnostiques du Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DSM-IV\">DSM-IV<\/a>). Des items \u00e9valuant l&rsquo;agitation, la d\u00e9valorisation, les difficult\u00e9s de concentration et la perte d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9s ou raffin\u00e9s, tandis que les items explorant les distorsions de l&rsquo;image corporelle, l&rsquo;hypochondrie et l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 de travail ont \u00e9t\u00e9 supprim\u00e9s ou reformul\u00e9s afin de maximiser la validit\u00e9 de contenu par rapport aux \u00e9pisodes d\u00e9pressifs majeurs.<\/p>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 convergente<\/h3>\n<p>La validit\u00e9 convergente de l&rsquo;inventaire est exceptionnellement forte :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Corr\u00e9lations avec les \u00e9chelles h\u00e9t\u00e9ro-rapport\u00e9es :<\/strong> Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9tude princeps de Beck, Steer et Brown (1996), les corr\u00e9lations de Pearson entre les scores du BDI-II et ceux de la Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) s&rsquo;\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 <em>r<\/em> = 0,71 chez les patients psychiatriques hospitalis\u00e9s et ambulatoires.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Corr\u00e9lations avec d&rsquo;autres auto-questionnaires :<\/strong> L&rsquo;instrument pr\u00e9sente de fortes intercorr\u00e9lations avec l&rsquo;Inventaire d&rsquo;anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de Beck (BAI, <em>r<\/em> \u2248 0,60 \u00e0 0,68, illustrant la comorbidit\u00e9 anxio-d\u00e9pressive tout en pr\u00e9servant une sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 ad\u00e9quate), l&rsquo;\u00c9chelle de d\u00e9sespoir de Beck (BHS, <em>r<\/em> = 0,68 \u00e0 0,75) et l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle CES-D du Center for Epidemiologic Studies (<em>r<\/em> > 0,80).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Validit\u00e9 discriminante<\/h3>\n<p>Le BDI d\u00e9montre une capacit\u00e9 robuste \u00e0 diff\u00e9rencier les populations souffrant de d\u00e9pression caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e des sujets contr\u00f4les sains, ainsi que des groupes de patients souffrant de troubles anxieux purs ou de troubles d&rsquo;adaptation sans composante d\u00e9pressive. Les \u00e9tudes de courbes ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) rapportent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des aires sous la courbe (AUC) comprises entre 0,89 et 0,94 pour discriminer la pr\u00e9sence d&rsquo;un \u00e9pisode d\u00e9pressif caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 au seuil clinique standard de 14 points.<\/p>\n<h2>8. Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;Inventaire de d\u00e9pression de Beck se caract\u00e9rise par des coefficients de pr\u00e9cision m\u00e9trique remarquablement \u00e9lev\u00e9s \u00e0 travers l&rsquo;ensemble de la litt\u00e9rature psychom\u00e9trique internationale.<\/p>\n<h3>Consistance interne<\/h3>\n<p>Les estimations de la consistance interne, mesur\u00e9es au moyen du coefficient <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cronbach%27s_alpha\">alpha de Cronbach<\/a> et de l&rsquo;om\u00e9ga de McDonald, attestent d&rsquo;une excellente homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 sans redondance excessive :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon normatif clinique de Beck et ses coll\u00e8gues (1996) comprenant 500 patients ambulatoires, le coefficient alpha de Cronbach \u00e9tait de <strong>0,92<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Chez un \u00e9chantillon de 120 \u00e9tudiants universitaires nord-am\u00e9ricains, l&rsquo;alpha atteignait <strong>0,93<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Dans l&rsquo;adaptation et standardisation n\u00e9erlandaise de van der Does (2002), les coefficients observ\u00e9s oscillent entre <strong>0,88<\/strong> et <strong>0,92<\/strong> selon les sous-groupes cliniques.<\/li>\n<li>Les corr\u00e9lations item-total corrig\u00e9es s&rsquo;\u00e9chelonnent typiquement de 0,45 \u00e0 0,74, confirmant que chaque \u00e9nonc\u00e9 contribue de fa\u00e7on significative et substantielle au score global composite.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest<\/h3>\n<p>La stabilit\u00e9 temporelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9e dans l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon clinique original sur un sous-groupe de patients test\u00e9s \u00e0 une semaine d&rsquo;intervalle. Le coefficient de fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 test-retest s&rsquo;est \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u00e0 <strong>r = 0,93<\/strong> (p < 0,001), t\u00e9moignant d'une stabilit\u00e9 m\u00e9trique de premier ordre en l'absence de modifications th\u00e9rapeutiques majeures, tout en autorisant une flexibilit\u00e9 ad\u00e9quate lorsque l'\u00e9tat clinique s'am\u00e9liore objectivement.<\/p>\n<h2>9. Analyse factorielle<\/h2>\n<p>La structure dimensionnelle latente de l&rsquo;Inventaire de d\u00e9pression de Beck a suscit\u00e9 une vaste litt\u00e9rature empirique au moyen d&rsquo;analyses factorielles exploratoires (AFE) et confirmatoires (AFC).<\/p>\n<h3>Structure \u00e0 deux facteurs corr\u00e9l\u00e9s<\/h3>\n<p>Les travaux de mod\u00e9lisation par \u00e9quations structurelles de Steer, Ball, Ranieri et Beck (1999) ont mis en exergue une solution bi-factorielle hautement stable dans les populations cliniques adultes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facteur 1 : Cognitivo-affectif (Cognitive-Affective Dimension) :<\/strong> Regroupe les items tels que la tristesse, le pessimisme, les \u00e9checs pass\u00e9s, la culpabilit\u00e9, le sentiment de punition, le d\u00e9samour de soi, l&rsquo;autocritique, l&rsquo;id\u00e9ation suicidaire, les pleurs et la d\u00e9valorisation. Les saturations factorielles (factor loadings) de ces items sur cette dimension oscillent typiquement entre 0,55 et 0,82.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facteur 2 : Somato-v\u00e9g\u00e9tatif (Somatic-Vegetative Dimension) :<\/strong> Englobe la perte de plaisir, la fatigue, les modifications du cycle de sommeil, l&rsquo;irritabilit\u00e9, les variations d&rsquo;app\u00e9tit, les difficult\u00e9s de concentration et la perte d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat sexuel, avec des saturations saturant fr\u00e9quemment entre 0,48 et 0,75.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Mod\u00e8les hi\u00e9rarchiques et bi-factoriels r\u00e9cents<\/h3>\n<p>Des analyses factorielles confirmatoires contemporaines men\u00e9es sur de tr\u00e8s larges cohortes ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que le mod\u00e8le le plus ajust\u00e9 (affichant des indices de conformit\u00e9 optimaux : RMSEA < 0,05 ; CFI > 0,96 ; TLI > 0,95) est un <em>mod\u00e8le bi-factoriel g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/em> (bifactor model). Dans cette mod\u00e9lisation, un facteur d\u00e9pressif g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d&rsquo;ordre sup\u00e9rieur capte l&rsquo;essentiel de la variance commune de l&rsquo;ensemble des 21 items, tandis que deux sous-facteurs r\u00e9siduels orthogonaux (cognitif vs somatique) rendent compte des sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s s\u00e9miologiques distinctes de la pathologie affective.<\/p>\n<h2>10. Instrument de mesure<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Type de test :<\/strong> Questionnaire psychom\u00e9trique standardis\u00e9 d&rsquo;auto-\u00e9valuation (auto-rapport\u00e9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Format d&rsquo;administration :<\/strong> Papier-crayon ou passation informatis\u00e9e sur terminal num\u00e9rique s\u00e9curis\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nombre d&rsquo;items :<\/strong> 21 items num\u00e9rot\u00e9s \u00e9valuant chacun une manifestation symptomatique sp\u00e9cifique.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9chelle de r\u00e9ponse :<\/strong> 4-point Likert-type scale scored from 0 to 3 with item-specific behavioral anchors reflecting increasing symptom severity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e de passation :<\/strong> Environ 5 \u00e0 10 minutes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u00e9riode de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence couverte :<\/strong> Les deux derni\u00e8res semaines \u00e9coul\u00e9es (incluant le jour m\u00eame de la passation), en stricte coh\u00e9rence avec la dur\u00e9e requise pour le diagnostic d&rsquo;un \u00e9pisode d\u00e9pressif majeur selon le DSM.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e8gles de cotation et calcul du score total :<\/strong> Les scores de chaque item (de 0 \u00e0 3 points) sont additionn\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re arithm\u00e9tique simple pour composer un score global variant de 0 \u00e0 63 points. Si un participant coche plusieurs options au sein d&rsquo;un m\u00eame item (par exemple 1a et 1b pour le sommeil ou l&rsquo;app\u00e9tit, ou deux degr\u00e9s de gravit\u00e9 distincts), seule la valeur num\u00e9rique la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e est comptabilis\u00e9e dans le calcul final.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Seuils cliniques de s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 normalis\u00e9s (Beck et al., 1996) :<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>0 \u00e0 13 points :<\/strong> D\u00e9pression minimale (absence ou r\u00e9mission clinique) ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>14 \u00e0 19 points :<\/strong> D\u00e9pression l\u00e9g\u00e8re (symptomatologie sub-syndromique ou l\u00e9g\u00e8re) ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>20 \u00e0 28 points :<\/strong> D\u00e9pression mod\u00e9r\u00e9e (souffrance clinique marqu\u00e9e) ;<\/li>\n<li><strong>29 \u00e0 63 points :<\/strong> D\u00e9pression s\u00e9v\u00e8re (d\u00e9tresse majeure n\u00e9cessitant une prise en charge urgente).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>11. Permissions, Tarifs et Ann\u00e9e du test<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de parution initiale :<\/strong> 1961 (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, &#038; Erbaugh) ; version BDI-IA parue en 1979.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ann\u00e9e de la r\u00e9vision contemporaine (BDI-II) :<\/strong> 1996 par Aaron T. Beck, Robert A. Steer et Gregory K. Brown. Adaptation n\u00e9erlandaise standardis\u00e9e en 2002 (van der Does).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Statut des droits d&rsquo;auteur :<\/strong> L&rsquo;Inventaire de d\u00e9pression de Beck est une \u0153uvre prot\u00e9g\u00e9e par le droit international de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle. Le d\u00e9tenteur exclusif des droits mondiaux et des marques d\u00e9pos\u00e9es est NCS Pearson, Inc. (Pearson Clinical Assessment).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conditions d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s et tarifs :<\/strong> L&rsquo;utilisation clinique ou exp\u00e9rimentale requiert l&rsquo;achat de formulaires officiels ou de cr\u00e9dits de passation num\u00e9rique (Q-global \/ Q-interactive) aupr\u00e8s de Pearson ou de ses distributeurs nationaux agr\u00e9\u00e9s (ex. ECPA en France, Pearson Clinical NL aux Pays-Bas). Le co\u00fbt unitaire varie selon le format (papier vs d\u00e9mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9) et le volume command\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Niveau de qualification requis :<\/strong> Niveau B (r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux psychologues praticiens, psychiatres, m\u00e9decins ou chercheurs form\u00e9s aux r\u00e8gles de l&rsquo;\u00e9valuation psychom\u00e9trique standardis\u00e9e).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>12. R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., &#038; Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. <em>Archives of General Psychiatry<\/em>, 4(6), 561\u2013571. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., &#038; Brown, G. K. (1996). <em>Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II<\/em>. Psychological Corporation. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t00742-000\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t00742-000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Steer, R. A., Ball, R., Ranieri, W. F., &#038; Beck, A. T. (1999). Dimensions of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in clinically depressed outpatients. <em>Journal of Clinical Psychology<\/em>, 55(1), 117\u2013128. <a https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1516-4446-2012-1048\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199901)55:1117::AID-JCLP123.0.CO;2-A\u00a0\u00bb%20target=\u00a0\u00bb_blank\u00a0\u00bb%20rel=\u00a0\u00bbnoopener%20noreferrer\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199901)55:1117::AID-JCLP123.0.CO;2-A\/a\/lilivan%20der%20Does,%20A.%20J.%20W.%20(2002).%20emHandleiding%20bij%20de%20Nederlandse%20versie%20van%20de%20Beck%20Depression%20Inventory%20&#8211;%20second%20edition%20(BDI-II-NL)\/em.%20Pearson%20Assessment%20and%20Information%20BV.\/liliWang,%20Y.%20P.,%20&#038;%20Gorenstein,%20C.%20(2013).%20Psychometric%20properties%20of%20the%20Beck%20Depression%20Inventory-II:%20a%20comprehensive%20review.%20emRevista%20Brasileira%20de%20Psiquiatria\/em,%2035(4),%20416\u2013431.%20a%20href=\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1516-4446-2012-1048<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>13. Questions et items du questionnaire (Scale Items)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-items-container\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:12px; margin:28px 0; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.03);\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-notice\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; background:#f8fafc; border-bottom:1px solid #e2e8f0; padding:14px 20px; font-size:13.5px; color:#475569; font-weight:500;\">\n    Voici les items originaux de l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle tels que publi\u00e9s dans les \u00e9tudes psychom\u00e9triques de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, sans modification ni traduction, afin de pr\u00e9server la validit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;instrument :\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-english-box\" style=\"direction:ltr; text-align:left; padding:20px 24px; font-family:-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:14.5px; color:#1e293b; line-height:1.7;\">\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-instructions\" style=\"background:#f1f5f9; border-left:4px solid #64748b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:16px; font-size:13.5px; color:#334155;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#0f172a;\">Instructions \/ Directions:<\/strong> This questionnaire consists of 21 groups of statements. Please read each group of statements carefully, and then pick out the one statement in each group that best describes the way you have been feeling during the past two weeks, including today. Circle the number beside the statement you have picked. If several statements in the group seem to apply equally well, circle the highest number for that group. Be sure that you do not choose more than one statement for any group, including Item 16 (Changes in Sleeping Pattern) or Item 18 (Changes in Appetite).\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-response-format\" style=\"background:#eff6ff; border-left:4px solid #3b82f6; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#1e40af;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#1e3a8a;\">Response Scale:<\/strong> 4-point Likert-type scale scored from 0 to 3 with item-specific behavioral anchors reflecting increasing symptom severity\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-reverse-scoring\" style=\"background:#fffbeb; border-left:4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius:0 8px 8px 0; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:14px; font-size:13.5px; color:#92400e;\">\n      <strong style=\"color:#78350f;\">Scoring \/ Reverse Items:<\/strong> Items are summed across all 21 categories to generate a total score ranging from 0 to 63. Severity guidelines: 0\u201313 minimal depression, 14\u201319 mild depression, 20\u201328 moderate depression, 29\u201363 severe depression.\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Sadness<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I do not feel sad.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I feel sad much of the time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I am sad all the time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I am so sad or unhappy that I can&#039;t stand it.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Pessimism<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I am not discouraged about my future.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I feel more discouraged about my future than I used to be.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I do not expect things to work out for me.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I feel my future is hopeless and will only get worse.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Past Failure<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I do not feel like a failure.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I have failed more than I should have.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 As I look back, I see a lot of failures.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I feel I am a total failure as a person.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Loss of Pleasure<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I get as much pleasure as I ever did from the things I enjoy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I don&#039;t enjoy things as much as I used to.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I get very little pleasure from the things I used to enjoy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I can&#039;t get any pleasure from the things I used to enjoy.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Guilty Feelings<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I don&#039;t feel particularly guilty.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I feel guilty over many things I have done or should have done.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I feel quite guilty most of the time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I feel guilty all of the time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Punishment Feelings<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I don&#039;t feel I am being punished.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I feel I may be punished.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I expect to be punished.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I feel I am being punished.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Self-Dislike<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I feel the same about myself as ever.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I have lost confidence in myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I am disappointed in myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I dislike myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Self-Criticalness<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I don&#039;t criticize or blame myself more than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I am more critical of myself than I used to be.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I criticize myself for all of my faults.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I blame myself for everything bad that happens.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Suicidal Thoughts or Wishes<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I don&#039;t have any thoughts of killing myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I have thoughts of killing myself, but I would not carry them out.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I would like to kill myself.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I would kill myself if I had the chance.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Crying<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I don&#039;t cry any more than I used to.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I cry more than I used to.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I cry over every little thing.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I feel like crying, but I can&#039;t.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Agitation<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I am no more restless or wound up than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I feel more restless or wound up than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I am so restless or agitated that it&#039;s hard to stay still.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I am so restless or agitated that I have to keep moving or doing something.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Loss of Interest<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I have not lost interest in other people or activities.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I am less interested in other people or things than before.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I have lost most of my interest in other people or things.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 It&#039;s hard to get interested in anything.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Indecisiveness<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I make decisions about as well as ever.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I find it more difficult to make decisions than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I have much greater difficulty in making decisions than I used to.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I have trouble making any decisions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Worthlessness<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I do not feel I am worthless.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I don&#039;t consider myself as worthwhile and useful as I used to.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I feel more worthless as compared to other people.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I feel utterly worthless.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Loss of Energy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I have as much energy as ever.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I have less energy than I used to have.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I don&#039;t have enough energy to do very much.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I don&#039;t have enough energy to do anything.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Changes in Sleeping Pattern<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I have not experienced any change in my sleeping pattern.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1a I sleep somewhat more than usual. \/ 1b I sleep somewhat less than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2a I sleep a lot more than usual. \/ 2b I sleep a lot less than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3a I sleep most of the day. \/ 3b I wake up 1-2 hours early and can&#039;t get back to sleep.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Irritability<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I am no more irritable than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I am more irritable than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I am much more irritable than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I am irritable all the time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Changes in Appetite<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I have not experienced any change in my appetite.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1a My appetite is somewhat less than usual. \/ 1b My appetite is somewhat greater than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2a My appetite is much less than before. \/ 2b My appetite is much greater than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3a I have no appetite at all. \/ 3b I crave food all the time.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Concentration Difficulty<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I can concentrate as well as ever.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I can&#039;t concentrate as well as usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 It&#039;s hard to keep my mind on anything for very long.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I find I can&#039;t concentrate on anything.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">20<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Tiredness or Fatigue<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I am no more tired or fatigued than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I get more tired or fatigued more easily than usual.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I am too tired or fatigued to do a lot of the things I used to do.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I am too tired or fatigued to do most of the things I used to do.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.02);\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">21<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">Loss of Interest in Sex<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">22<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">0 I have not noticed any recent change in my interest in sex.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">23<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">1 I am less interested in sex than I used to be.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">24<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">2 I am much less interested in sex now.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wpt-scale-item-row\" style=\"background:#ffffff; border:1px solid #e2e8f0; border-radius:8px; padding:12px 16px; margin-bottom:10px; display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px;\">\n  <span style=\"display:inline-flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:28px; height:28px; background:#2563eb; color:#ffffff; font-weight:700; font-size:12.5px; border-radius:50%; flex-shrink:0; margin-top:1px;\">25<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"flex:1; color:#0f172a; font-size:14.5px; font-weight:500; line-height:1.6;\">3 I have lost interest in sex completely.<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Revue psychom\u00e9trique compl\u00e8te de l&rsquo;Inventaire de d\u00e9pression de Beck (BDI-II) : cadre th\u00e9orique, validit\u00e9, fid\u00e9lit\u00e9, analyse factorielle et items originaux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[328,1003,10263],"tags":[1598,13603,1067,484,194,479,16,1071],"class_list":["post-10727","psych_scale","type-psych_scale","status-publish","hentry","category-echelles-devaluation-psychologique","category-psychometrie-clinique","category-troubles-de-lhumeur","tag-aaron-beck","tag-bdi","tag-bdi-ii","tag-depression","tag-evaluation-clinique","tag-psychiatrie","tag-psychometrie","tag-therapie-cognitive"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/10727","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/psych_scale"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10727"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/psych_scale\/10727\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10727"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10727"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/french.arabpsychology.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}